BIOECOLOGICAL FEATURES AND PRODUCTIVITY OF RHODIOLA ROSEA L. (CRASSULACEAE) IN THE REPUBLIC OF TYVA
A.D. Sambuu1, D.N. Shaulo2, E.Yu. Zykova2
1Tuvan Institute for exploration of natural resources SB RAS, Kyzyl, Russia
2Central Siberian Botanical Garden, SB RAS, Novosibirsk,Russia
Keywords: medicinal plants, productivity, reserves of raw material, Republic of Tuva, Rhodiola rosea
Abstract
The article presents results of field research on biology, ecology, productivity and distribution of Rhodiola rosea L. in different natural areas of Tuva. The study of flora and vegetation was carried out on the basis of route studies using generally accepted floral and geobotanical methods during the period from 2001 to 2019. The values of productivity, operational stocks, and volume of possible annual harvest were established according to the “Methodology for determining stocks of medicinal plants” (1986) using the method of “specific thickets”. Our studies have shown that in Tuva the genus Rhodiola L. is represented by six species: Rhodiola rosea L., Rh. algida (Ledeb.) Fisch. et C.A. Mey, Rh. coccinea (Royle) Boriss., Rh. quadrifida (Pall.) Fisch. et C.A. Mey, Rh. subpinnata (Krasnob.) and Rh. pinnatifida Boriss. The highest productivity of Rhodiola rosea is observed in waterlogged snow-covered and herbal alpine meadows (1200 kg/ha), as well as subalpine (850 kg/ha) meadows. In high-grass subalpine meadows productivity decreases to 230 kg/ha, in grass-sedge meadows - to 130 kg/ha. There are even less Rhodiola rosea stocks in shrub communities (110 kg/ha - in Salix communities, 50 kg/ha - in Pentaphylloides communities). Biological and operational stocks of raw materials have been revealed for most areas of Rhodiola rosea in Tuva; the volumes of possible annual harvest for each of them have been calculated. It was established that the total biological stocks of air-dry raw materials of Rhodiola rosea in Tuva is 109.6 t; the operational stocks is 76.8 t, and the volume of possible annual harvesting is 3.65 t. The maximum stocks have Shapshal Ridge (17.7 t), Udinsky Ridge (11.5 t) and Big Sayan Ridge (11.2 t). For the first time the total area of communities with Rhodiola rosea was determined, a map-scheme of its area was compiled. Distribution of Rhodiola rosea confined to the alpine belt of Tuva, it descends along the river valleys to the upper part of the forest belt.
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