Identification of changes in land use and land cover using remote sensing and GIS: a case study of the Ba Ria-Vung Tau province (Vietnam)
B.B. THIEN1,2, V.T. PHUONG3
1National University of Laos, Vientiane, Laos
2Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
3Hung Duc University, Thanh Hoa, Vietnam
Keywords: controlled classification, Cohen’s Kappa coefficient, land cover classes, environment, anthropogenic impact, Landsat.
Abstract
Changes in land use and land cover (LULC) resulting from human activities have significant impacts on the surrounding environment and ecosystems. Detecting and mapping changes in LULC in the Ba Ria-Vung Tau province, Vietnam, is critical for sustainable development, planning, and management. This study applied the maximum likelihood classifier algorithm of supervised classification in ArcGIS 10.8 software to detect observed LULC changes in the study area during the period of 2000-2020 using multi-temporal satellite images. For each satellite image, the study applied spectral indices (NDVI - Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, and NDWI - Normalized Difference Water Index) and a supervised classification to classify and assess LULC changes. The study performed an accuracy assessment of the classification maps derived from Landsat 5-TM for 2000 and 2010 and Landsat 8-OLI for 2020 using kappa coefficients of 0,882, 0,891, and 0,915, respectively. The area was classified into five main LULC classes including agriculture, water bodies, forest, settlement, and bare soil/rock. The LULC status and change maps created in ArcGIS 10.8 show a significant change in LULC. The settlement class has increased continuously over 20 years from 128,09 km2 (2000) to 300,30 km2 (2020); the agricultural land class has increased by 124,96 km2 in the period 2000-2020. The remaining three classes, forest, water bodies, and bare soil/rock, all decreased in area during this period. These LULC changes pose a serious threat, impacting and disturbing the environment. The results of this study can be used in the management and planning of future land use in the area.
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