KAZAKHSTAN ALTAI: VEGETATION FIRE PROTECTION OF LARCH FORESTS
A. V. Volokitina1, A. A. Kalachev2, M. A. Korets1, T. M. Sofronova3
1V. N. Sukachev Institute of Forest, Russian Academy of Science, Siberian Branch Federal Research Center Krasnoyarsk Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
2A. N. Bukeykhan Kazakh Scientific Research Institute of Forestry and Agroforestmelioration, Shchuchinsk, Republic of Kazakhstan
3V. P. Astaf’ev Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
Keywords: forest fire protection, vegetation fuels, prediction of vegetation fire behavior
Abstract
Possibility is considered for improvement of fire protection in larch forests of the Kazakhstan Altai. It is proposed to predict the occurrence of fires and their behavior based on vegetation fuel maps using the computer program for predicting vegetation fire behavior, including fire spread rate, development, immediate effects and assessment of manpower and means to suppress the fire. The vegetation fuel maps (VF maps) are based on the pyrological description of forest types and other categories of sites, as well as on the VF classification developed at the V. N. Sukachev Institute of Forest, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch. Vegetation of the Kazakhstan Altai has never been described this way before. For the first time, the larch forest types of this region have been analyzed in terms of the types of primary fire carriers (PFC types), thus making it possible to predict flammability of vegetation plots taking into account weather dynamics. The PFC types in the Kazakhstan Altai larch forests have been identified by analyzing regional descriptions of forest types present in the forestry inventory plan. There is a brief description of the computer programs for making VF maps (PGM) and for predicting fire spread rate, intensity, development and effects (PGM2). A performance test is given to both programs on the example of the Markakolsky Forestry District: examples of VF maps for different periods of the fire season are given and behavior of a conditionally specified surface fire is analyzed. The use of these developments in practice will significantly increase the efficiency of firefighting equipment and financial means, as it will contribute to making optimal decisions in cases of several fires being active and insufficient fire suppression means and manpower available. In some cases, behavior prediction of active fires may prove that there is no need to immediately suppress them.
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