Home – Home – Jornals – "Philosophy of Education" 2021 number 1

Introduction. It is known that starting their studies at a university, freshmen are faced with many problems that impede successful learning. The main task of a higher educational institution is to train competitive specialists who can adapt to any conditions, specialists who will be in demand by society, however, the higher education system must create conditions for the successful adaptation of students during their studies. The paper deals with the problem of adaptation of freshmen to the educational process in higher education. The purpose of the paper is to summarize the results (theoretical and methodological review) of Russian and foreign studies devoted to the problem of adaptation and to identify the features of the process of adaptation of students to the educational process in the 1st year. The relevance of the problem under consideration is due to the fact that the successful training of a student depends not only on the assimilation of knowledge as such, but also on how he/she adapts to the new environment, the team, how the colossal amount of work is distributed. Otherwise, the student’s level of anxiety increases, which in turn leads to problems with academic performance. Also, the further professional activity of a person largely depends on the successful adaptation process. Methodology and methods of the research. The paper is written using a descriptive method by collecting, summarizing and analyzing the literature on the problem. The material for the work was the results of studies by domestic and foreign authors devoted to the problem of adaptation of first-year students to study at a university, such as V. N. Gribov, O. N. Kazakova, T. I. Katkova, G. P. Kuzina, S. A. Runova, Yu. V. Stafeeva. The results of the research. The paper discusses the process of adaptation, formulates the main types of adaptation that 1st year students face in the learning process. The special importance of academic, psychological types of adaptation and the implementation of various types of adaptation in the modern educational process are shown. In addition, it was revealed that there are many factors influencing the adaptation process, such as relationships with parents, with the study group, internal motivation to acquire knowledge. Conclusion. Summarizing the data from scientific sources, the authors came to the conclusion that the adaptation of freshmen to study at a university is the most important factor in the success of further education and professional implementation of the student. At the same time, it was revealed that the adaptation process in the 1st year can be carried out in such ways as the introduction of special educational subjects, the use of tutoring, various questionnaires, and questionnaires to determine the level of adaptation. Separately highlighted are such techniques as design, social design, which contributes to increasing motivation and successful professional adaptation.