DEVELOPMENT OF GEOCRYOLOGICAL MONITORING OF NATURAL AND TECHNICAL FACILITIES IN THE REGIONS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION BASED ON GEOTECHNICAL MONITORING SYSTEMS OF FUEL AND ENERGY SECTOR
V.P. Melnikov1,2,3,4, V.I. Osipov5, A.V. Brouchkov6, A.G. Alekseev7,8, S.V. Badina6,9, N.M. Berdnikov1, S.A. Velikin10, D.S. Drozdov1,11, V.A. Dubrovin12, M.N. Zheleznyak10, O.V. Zhdaneev13, A.A. Zakharov14, Ya.K. Leopold15, M.E. Kuznetsov16, G.V. Malkova1, A.B. Osokin17, N.A. Ostarkov18, F.M. Rivkin1, M.R. Sadurtdinov1, D.O. Sergeev5, R.Yu. Fedorov1, K.N. Frolov13, E.V. Ustinova1,3, A.N. Shein15
1Earth Cryosphere Institute, Tyumen Scientific Centre SB RAS, Malygina str. 86, Tyumen, 625026, Russia
2Tyumen State University, Volodarskogo str. 6, Tyumen, 625003, Russia
3Tyumen Industrial University, Volodarskogo str. 38, Tyumen, 625000, Russia
4Cryosphere interdisciplinary research methodology, TSC SB RAS, Malygina str. 86, Tyumen, 625026, Russia
5Sergeev Geoecology Institute, RAS, Ulanskiy per. 13, bldg. 2, Moscow, 101000, Russia
6Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, Moscow, 119991, Russia
7Research Center of Construction, Ryazanskiy prosp. 59, Moscow, 109428, Russia
8Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, Yaroslavskoe sh. 26, Moscow, 129337, Russia
9Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Stremyanniy per. 36, Moscow, 117997, Russia
10Melnikov Permafrost Institute, SB RAS, Merzlotnaya str. 36, Yakutsk, 677010, Russia
11Sergo Ordzhonikidze Russian State University for Geological Prospecting, Miklukho-Maklaya str. 23, Moscow, 117997, Russia
12Gidrospetsgeologiya, Marshalla Rybalko str. 4, Moscow, 123060, Russia
13Russian Energy agency, Prospect Mira 105, bldg 1, Moscow, 129085, Russia
14Transneft, Presnenskaya nab. 4, bldg 2, Moscow, 123112, Russia
15Arctic Research Center, Respubliki str. 20, office 203, Salekhard, 629008, Russia
16FASI "Vostokgosplan", Zaparina str. 67, Khabarovsk, 680000, Russia
17Nadymgazprom, Pionerskaya str. 14, Nadym, 629730, Russia
18Ministry of the Russian Federation for the Development of the Far East and the Arctic, Bolshoy Mogiltsevskiy per. 7, bldg 2, Moscow, 119002, Russia
Keywords: global change of climate, permafrost, fuel and energy complex, background monitoring, geotechnical monitoring, geocryological station, thaw, damage, Arctic
Abstract
Over the past 30 years, there have been marked significant increase in the temperature of the upper horizons of permafrost: by an average of 2.5 °C in the Russian Federation. This is related to the degradation trends in permafrost, which negatively affect both natural landscapes and engineering infrastructure. Economic entities try to protect their enterprises by investing both in engineering measures and in monitoring of changes in frozen soils under structures. One of the leading places in this area is occupied by the fuel and energy complex. A system of automated geotechnical monitoring of permafrost soils is beginning to be implemented at its enterprises, and in the near future (5-10 years) this will become mandatory for every structure located in the permafrost zone. But so far, in different regions and organizations, geotechnical monitoring of permafrost is carried out according to different methods, often in a reduced volume without taking into account natural trends and in the absence of appropriate analysis and forecast. At the same time, background changes occurring independently of economic activity are ignored by almost everyone. This drastically reduces the effectiveness of monitoring. The reason, on the one hand, in the shortcomings of the regulations for observations and data processing, and on the other hand, in the fact that in the Russian Federation background geocryological monitoring of natural conditions is carried out in an extremely insufficient volume. As a result, the possibility of a medium-termand long-term forecast of changes in permafrost soils is extremely limited. For the fuel and energy complex, the problem is aggravated by the lack of data exchange between its individual companies both within the regions and at the federal level. The scheme of the federal permafrost monitoring system is proposed based on the creation of a system of federal geocryological polygons, where 2 types of monitoring are combined: background natural environmental monitoring and geotechnical monitoring of land and subsoil users (primarily in the fuel and energy complex).
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