Accumulation of Cu, Co and Mg ions and its effect on growth of Darlingtonia californica Torr. in vitro
A. A. ERST1, M. A. LEBEDEVA1,2, A. I. SYSO2, E. V. BANAEV1
1Central Siberian Botanical Garden SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
2Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: carnivorous plants, rare plants, Darlingtonia californica, heavy metals, magnesium, clonal micropropagation, leaf and root anatomy
Abstract
The present work was carried out to study the reaction of plants Darlingtonia californica Torr. on the effect of Cu, Co and Mg ions in in vitro culture. For this, the following concentrations of mineral salts were tested: 0.1 (control), 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100 μM CuSO4∙5H2O (which corresponds to 0.006, 0.6, 1.6, 3.2, 4.8 and 6.4 mg/l of water-soluble Cu ions); 0.1 (control), 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100 μM CoCl2∙6H2O (corresponding to 0.006, 0.6, 1.5, 3.0, 4.4 and 5.9 mg/l of water-soluble Co ions) and 1500 (control), 4500, 7500, 10500, 15000 μM MgSO4∙7H2O (corresponding to 36, 108, 181, 253, and 362 mg/l of water-soluble Mg ions). The results showed a direct significant correlation between the accumulation of Cu, Co, and Mg ions in D. californica plants depending on their content in nutrient solutions. The maximum accumulation of ions was noted after 45 days of cultivation, Cu - 138.24 mg/kg of dry matter, Co - 249.92 mg/kg and 4722.26 mg/kg Mg. It was shown that the concentrations used did not significantly affect the parameters of plant growth and development in in vitro culture. The morpho-anatomical studies confirm the high level of ecological adaptation of this species to extreme conditions. In addition, the plants did not require specific cultural conditions, they are able to grow on nutrient media rich in mineral composition at a temperature of 24±1 °C and do not require low positive temperatures for the root system. The results show that D. californica plants are able to accumulate Cu, Co, and Mg ions and tolerate high concentrations of these elements in nutrient media under in vitro conditions; however, they are not characterized by an increased need for these elements for normal growth and development.
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