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Russian Geology and Geophysics

2023 year, number 12

VOLUMETRIC STRUCTURE OF THE BACHAT EARTHQUAKE (Kuzbass) AFTERSHOCK AREA AND STRESS STATE OF ROCK MASS UNDER OPEN-PIT MINE

A.A. Emanov1,2, A.F. Emanov1, E.V. Shevkunova1, A.V. Fateev1,2, Yu.L. Rebetsky3
1Altai-Sayan Branch of Geophysical Survey, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
2Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
3Schmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
Keywords: Human-induced earthquakes, coal mining, induced seismicity, Kuzbass, the stressed state of rock mass, the Bachat earthquake

Abstract

The Bachat earthquake ( M = 6.1) with the epicenter coordinates of 54.29° N, 86.17° E occurred on June, 18 2013 near the Bachatsky coal strip mine, is the world’s largest earthquake induced while mining solid minerals. More than 5000 aftershocks were registered and the spatial volumetric structure of the aftershock area was investigated. The Bachat coal field is located in the Salair zone of the Kuznetsk Depression and is represented by a brachysynclinal fold of a very complex structure characterized by the damage and fracturing behaviors of rocks. The main event is confined to the coal-mine pit wall, with the greatest density of aftershocks observed in its middle portion. In the cross section, aftershocks form a wide area with its deepened portion shifted towards the Kuznetsk Depression, while large faults bounding the depression dip down under the Salair Ridge. In the exposed pit wall, at a depth of 4 km, the activated area resembles a rhombus whose horizontal diagonal line runs across the entire length of the mine pit and decreases both in upward and downward directions. The area is seismically activated to a depth of 6 km, with more intense activation of rock mass observed within the 1-3 km depth interval. Results of the study of the mechanisms of aftershock sources revealed a disagreement between the stress state of rock mass of the Bachatsky open-pit coal mine modeled from the mechanisms of aftershocks, and the mainshock mechanism of the Bachat earthquake.