Heavy metals in hydrobionts of territories with long-term mining production
A. P. Kuklin, G. Ts. Tsybekmitova, B. B. Bazarova
Institute of Natural Resources, Ecology and Cryology SB RAS, Chita, Russia
Keywords: indicator species, Fontinalis antipyretica, Rhynchocypris lagowskii, Cladophora fracta, heavy metals, biomonitoring
Abstract
The article presents an analysis of pollution of surface waters of the middle reaches of the Gazimur River by heavy metals in the area of the Bystrinsky mining and Processing Plant (Zabaikalsky Krai, Russia). Plants have been studied as indicators of pollution: Fontinalis antipyretica Hedw, Ranunculus circinatus Sibnt., filamentous algae - Cladophora fracta (Müll. ex Vahl) Kütz. and Ulothrix zonata (Web. et. Mohr) Kütz., from fish - Rhynchocypris lagowskii (Dybowski, 1869), which are the most common macroscopic hydrobionts in the studied area. Heavy metals (HM) in water and hydrobionts were determined by atomic emission and mass spectral analysis methods. It was found that the values of the TM concentration in the studied organisms were close to the values from the watercourses of other regions of the Trans-Baikal Territory. At the same time, high concentrations of TM in the aquatic moss of F. antipyretica were detected for the watercourses of the Gazimur river basin, which was confirmed by calculating the coefficient of biogeochemical activity of the species. The calculation of the total pollution index in the indicator species showed that F. antipyretica has high values for rivers draining catchments with mining sites. For Rh. lagowskii, the highest coefficient values were determined in watercourses remote from mining areas. The results of water biomonitoring studies using hydrobionts make it possible for them to be constantly included in routine monitoring of the state of aquatic ecosystems along with existing hydrochemical monitoring of surface waters. In the future, attention should be paid to comparing the cumulative properties of aquatic plant species with other aquatic organisms to monitor the spread of TM pollutants through trophic chains.
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