Composite materials based on ceramic matrices modified with carbon nanotubes
V. L. KUZNETSOV, S. I. MOSEENKOV, A. V. ZAVORIN, G. V. GOLUBTSOV
Institute of Catalysis, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: carbon nanotubes, composite materials, ceramics, composite structure, functionalisation, electrical conductivity, strength
Abstract
This review presents current development trends in the field of composite materials based on ceramic matrices modified with carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The main approaches to their production and the mechanisms by which CNTs affect the structure and properties of ceramics are discussed, including the formation of electrical conductivity percolation pathways, increased mechanical strength, enhanced crack resistance, modification of the interphase boundary, and improved functional characteristics. Ceramic composite materials are divided into two main groups depending on their formation conditions: low-temperature and high-temperature. The first group includes composites produced at temperatures from room temperature to 250 °C, at which CNTs retain their structure and functional groups. Examples include the production of SiO2-CNT aerogels and cement composites. The second group includes composites that have undergone high-temperature processing up to 2000 °C during their production. This group included composites in which carbon nanotubes retained their core (Al2O3-MWCNT conductive ceramics, hydroxyapatite-based bioceramics), as well as composites in which carbon nanotubes, introduced into the interparticle space of the ceramic matrix, acted as sacrificial additives to form strong interphase boundaries in reaction-bonded carbides. It has been shown that the introduction of carbon nanotubes enables the formation of new interphase boundaries and hierarchical structures that determine the mechanical, electrical, optical, and radar-absorbing properties of the composites. Potential applications of such materials in biomedicine, optical systems, radar-absorbing coatings, electronics, and structural components are described.
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