N.N. Kruk1,2 1V.S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Akademika Koptyuga 3, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia 2Novosibirsk State University, ul. Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
Keywords: Эволюция континентальной коры, гранитоиды, геохимия, изотопная геохимия, Горный Алтай, Evolution of continental crust, granitoids, geochemistry, isotope geochemistry, Gorny Altai
Subsection: PETROLOGY, GEOCHEMISTRY, AND MINERALOGY
The composition and mechanisms of formation of continental crust in Gorny Altai and the role of granitoid magmatism in its evolution are considered. Geochemical and isotope data for major types of rocks of primary crust and for Early-Middle Paleozoic granitoids of the region are presented. The role of granitoids as indicators of different stages of the continental-crust evolution is discussed. A review of the main models of continental-formation crust is made, and their applicability to the Gorny Altai segment of the Central Asian Fold Belt is shown. Based on the complex of geological, geochemical, isotope, and geochronological data, it has been established that the formation of continental crust in the Early and Late Caledonian terranes of Gorny Altai proceeded nearly synchronously (in the Middle-Late Devonian). In the Early Caledonian terranes, this process was the consequence of the multistage fractionation of primary juvenile crust of basic composition, and in the Late Caledonian ones it was the result of one-cycle intracrustal melting of hybrid andesitic crust rich in recycled material.
Gao Jinggang1,2, Li Wenyuan2, Xue Chunji3, Tu Qijun4, Zhao Zhanfeng3, Yang Wenping5, Li Youzhu1, N.I. Volkova6
a:2:{s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"HTML";s:4:"TEXT";s:790:"1Chang’an University, 126 Yanta Road., Xi’an 710054, China 2Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, China Geological Survey, 438 East Youyi Road, Xi’an 710064, China 3State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, 29 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100083, China 4Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development, 390 East Karamay Road, Urumqi 830000, China 5No. 11 Geological Party of the Xinjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development, 5 Beijing Road, Changji 836500, China 6V.S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Akademika Koptyuga 3, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia";}
Keywords: U-Pb SHRIMP изотопный возраст, изотопия серы и свинца, Re-Os изотопия, модель рудообразования, Карасенгерский медно-порфировый пояс, SHRIMP U-Pb age, S and Pb isotopes, Re-Os isotopes, metallogenic model, Kalaxiange’er porphyry copper belt
Subsection: PETROLOGY, GEOCHEMISTRY, AND MINERALOGY
The Kalaxiange’er porphyry copper ore belt is situated in the eastern part of the southern Altai of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt and forms part of a broad zone of Cu porphyry mineralization in southern Mongolia, which includes the Oyu Tolgoi ore district and other copper-gold deposits. The copper ore bodies are spatially associated with porphyry intrusions of granodiorite, quartz diorite, quartz syenite, and quartz monzonite and have a polygenetic (polychromous) origin (magmatic porphyry, hydrothermal, and supergene). The mineralized porphyries are characterized by almost identical REE and trace element patterns. The Zr/Hf and Nb/Ta ratios are similar to those of normal granite produced through the evolution of mantle magma. The low initial Sr isotope ratio I Sr, varying within a narrow range of values (0.703790-0.704218), corresponds to that of primitive mantle, whereas the εNd( T ) value of porphyry varies from 5.8 to 8.4 and is similar to that of MORB. These data testify to the upper-mantle genesis of the parental magmas of ore-bearing porphyry, which were then contaminated with crustal material in an island-arc environment. The isotopic composition of sulfur (unimodal distribution of δ34S with peak values of -2 to -4‰) evidences its deep magmatic origin; the few lower negative δ34S values suggest that part of S was extracted from volcanic deposits later. The isotopic characteristics of Pb testify to its mixed crust-upper-mantle origin. According to SHRIMP U-Pb geochronological data for zircon from granite porphyry and granodiorite porphyry, mineralization at the Xiletekehalasu porphyry Cu deposit formed in two stages: (1) Hercynian “porphyry” stage (375.2 ± 8.7 Ma), expressed as the formation of porphyry with disseminated and vein-disseminated mineralization, and (2) Indosinian stage (217.9 ± 4.2 Ma), expressed as superposed hydrothermal mineralization. The Re-Os isotope data on molybdenite (376.9 ± 2.2 Ma) are the most consistent with the age of primary mineralization at the Xiletekehalasu porphyry Cu deposit, whereas the Ar-Ar isotopic age (230 ± 5 Ma) of K-feldspar-quartz vein corresponds to the stage of hydrothermal mineralization. The results show that mineralization at the Xiletekehalasu porphyry Cu deposit was a multistage process which resulted in the superposition of the Indosinian hydrothermal mineralization on the Hercynian porphyry Cu mineralization.
The cocrystallization coefficient of Mn and Fe (DMn/Fe) in magnetite crystals is determined in hydrothermal-growth experiments with internal sampling at 450 and 500 ºC and 100 MPa (1 kbar). It is weakly dependent on temperature in the studied PT -region and is constant over a wide range of Mn/Fe values. This permits using the magnetite composition as an indicator of Mn/Fe in the fluid under equilibrium: (Mn/Fe) aq ≈ 100 (Mn/Fe) mt . Since Mn is often a macrocomponent of the fluid and a microcomponent of magnetite, local analysis of fluid inclusions for Mn might help to determine Fe even in iron minerals. This will permit evaluation of the contents of other ore metals if the DMe/Fe values are known. For fine crystals (<0.1-0.2 mm) with low contents of Mn (<0.01-0.02%), it is necessary to take into account the fractionation of Mn into the surficial nonautonomous phase, in which its content can reach several percent. Comparison of these data with earlier data on the distribution of Mn in the system magnetite-pyrite-pyrrhotite-greenockite-hydrothermal solution shows that DMn/Fe remains constant in the presence of sulfur and sulfides. Precipitation of magnetite, in which Mn is a compatible admixture, cannot affect radically Mn/Fe in the solution because of the low DMn/Fe value. This effect is still more unlikely for pyrrhotite and pyrite, in which Mn is an incompatible admixture. The most probable mechanism of Mn fractionation into the solid phase is crystallization of FeOOH at lower temperatures. This is indirectly supported by the strong fractionation of Mn into the nonautonomous oxyhydroxide phase on the surface of magnetite crystals. The necessity of a more rigorous validation of “the new Fe/Mn geothermometer for hydrothermal systems” is substantiated.
O.V. Avchenko1, K.V. Chudnenko2, Z.V. Badredinov1, O.I. Sharova1 1Far East Geological Institute, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. 100-letiya Vladivostoka 159, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia 2A.P. Vinogradov Institute of Geochemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Favorskogo 1a, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia
Keywords: Моделирование, минимизация, локальное равновесие, гранулитовый метаморфизм, флюидный режим, охотский комплекс, Modeling, minimization, local equilibrium, granulite metamorphism, fluid regime, Okhotsk complex
Subsection: PETROLOGY, GEOCHEMISTRY, AND MINERALOGY
The problem of modeling of real parageneses has been solved by minimization of Gibbs thermodynamic potential for metapelites of the Okhotsk granulite complex. Model mineral assemblages completely reproduce the composition of minerals and their modal contents in the studied rocks. This fundamental fact directly verifies the solution of the problem, proving the validity of the principle of local equilibrium in the studied assemblages and the agreement of all thermodynamic data accepted on the modeling. The pressure and temperature during the metamorphism of granulites of the Okhotsk complex, estimated by modeling, are 5.2-7.0 kbar and 620-770 ºC, which corresponds to the near-boundary conditions of the amphibolitic and granulitic facies. Model mineral assemblages similar to real parageneses in the composition of minerals and their modes can be successfully obtained with the Selektor software under conditions of both inert and moving water. The composition of the external metamorphic fluid and the approximate weight ratio of fluid to rock have been determined. The oxidation potential of this fluid is similar to the potential of oxygen at the buffer C-CO-CO
2 if the fluid/rock ratio is 0.03-0.30 and the low partial pressure of water varies from 1.80 to 0.35 kbar. The Okhotsk metamorphic complex is not an analog of the granulites of the southern Aldan Shield, because considerably higher pressure and temperature are typical of the latter.
P.E. Mikhailik1,2, E.V. Mikhailik1, M.G. Blokhin1, N.V. Zarubina1 1Far Eastern Geological Institute, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. 100-letiya Vladivostoka 159, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia 2Far Eastern Federal University, ul. Sukhanova 8, Vladivostok, 690950, Russia
Keywords: Галлий, источник, железомарганцевые корки, подводные возвышенности, Японское море, Gallium, source, ferromanganese crusts, seamounts, Sea of Japan
Subsection: PETROLOGY, GEOCHEMISTRY, AND MINERALOGY
Possible sources of gallium in hydrothermal-sedimentary ferromanganese crusts of the Belyaevsky Seamount edifice (Central Basin, Sea of Japan) are considered. Studies with successive selective leaching have shown that ~80% of Ga are present in the manganese fraction. The Changbaishan Volcano ash with up to 35.3 ppm Ga has been found in the marine sediment column located in the immediate vicinity of the Belyaevsky Seamount. This suggests that Ga of the Fe-Mn crusts of the seamount was supplied with the ash of volcanic rocks containing up to 300 ppm Ga.
a:2:{s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"TEXT";s:4:"TEXT";s:43:"Yu.G. Lavrent’ev, N.S. Karmanov, L.V. Usova";}
V.S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Akademika Koptyuga 3, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
Keywords: Электронно-зондовый микроанализ, спектрометрия с волновой дисперсией, спектрометрия с энергетической дисперсией, метрологические характеристики, породообразующие минералы, Electron probe microanalysis, wavelength-dispersive spectrometry, energy-dispersive spectrometry, metrological characteristics, rock-forming minerals
Subsection: PETROLOGY, GEOCHEMISTRY, AND MINERALOGY
The results of electron probe microanalysis of several rock-forming minerals by wavelength-dispersive spectrometry (WDS) and energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS) are compared, and the metrological characteristics of both methods are studied. The measurements were made with the use of a JXA-8100 (JEOL) microanalyzer with five wavelength-dispersive spectrometers and a MIRA 3 LMU (Tescan) scanning electron microscope equipped with an INCA Energy 450 Xmax 80 (Oxford Instruments) microanalysis system. Specimens with olivine, garnet, pyroxene, ilmenite, and Cr-spinel grains were analyzed. The variation coefficients that characterize the repeatability of a single determination are found to be ~0.5% for WDS and ~0.9% for EDS in the compositional range of the main components ( C > 10%). For minor components (1% < C < 10%), the variation coefficients are 1.4% and 3.0%, respectively, and for impurities (0.3% < C < 1%), 2.7% and 13%, respectively. For lower contents EDS is almost inapplicable. The ratio of the results obtained by the two methods is reproduced with high precision: For major components, the variation coefficient is 0.56%; for minor components, 1.7%; and even for impurities, it is ~8%. The magnitude of the bias is between 0.2 and 3.2 rel.%, which is acceptable. The results show that the accuracies of WDS and EDS are similar for measuring major and minor components of rock-forming minerals. Energy-dispersive spectrometry is inferior to wavelength-dispersive spectrometry for impurities and is completely inapplicable for still lower contents. This method is easier to implement, and the results are available soon after switching on the instrument. Wavelength-dispersive spectrometry needs more time for preparation, but it ensures a precise high-efficiency large-scale analysis of samples of similar compositions, even when the element contents are lower than 1%.
I.D. Zolnikov1,2, E.V. Deev3,2, D.V. Nazarov4,5, S.A. Kotler1 1V.S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Akademika Koptyuga 3, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia 2Novosibirsk State University, ul. Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia 3A.A. Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Akademika Koptyuga 3, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia 4Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, St. Petersburg, 119034, Russia 5A.P. Karpinsky Russian Research Geological Institute, Srednii pr. 74, St. Petersburg, 199106, Russia
Keywords: Суперпаводковые отложения, аллювий, эрозионные террасы, Чуя, Катунь, Горный Алтай, Megaflood deposits, alluvium, erosion terraces, Chuya, Katun’, Gorny Altai
Sedimentary indicators of catastrophic glacial megafloods-plane-bedded angular gravel, cobbles, and boulders-are described in several sections of the high terraces of the Chuya River valley. The principal difference of these sediments from typical alluvium of this area is demonstrated. The clast roundness, grain size of clasts, and sedimentary structures of the high-terrace deposits of the Chuya and Katun’ valleys indicate the same facies originated through megaflood deposition. These results are at odds with ideas of alluvial, glacial, or glaciofluvial genesis of the high-terrace deposits of the Chuya River.
B.L. Nikitenko1,2, V.G. Knyazev3, E.B. Peshchevitskaya1, L.A. Glinskikh1 1A.A. Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Akademika Koptyuga 3, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia 2Novosibirsk State University, ul. Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia 3Institute of Diamond and Precious Metal Geology, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Lenina 39, Yakutsk, 677891, Russia
Keywords: Оксфорд, кимеридж, волжский ярус, аммониты, фораминиферы, диноцисты, стратиграфия, биофации, палеогеография, море Лаптевых, шельф, п-ов Нордвик, Oxfordian, Kimmeridgian, Volgian, ammonites, foraminifers, dinocysts, stratigraphy, biofacies, paleogeography, Laptev Sea, shelf, Nordvik Peninsula
The Late Jurassic evolution of Boreal and Arctic basins is reflected in the widespread deposition of organic-rich black shales (source rocks). In this connection, the priority should be placed on the development and refinement of zonal schemes for the Upper Jurassic of the Laptev Sea coast based on ammonites, foraminifers, ostracods, dinocysts, and spores and pollen from reference sections as the basis for stratigraphic, paleogeographic, and facies studies. The Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous reference section of interest is located on the left side of the Anabar Bay of the Laptev Sea (Nordvik Peninsula, Urdyuk-Khaya Cape). An uninterrupted and continuous section from Upper Oxfordian to Lower Valanginian is exposed in coastal cliffs and consists mainly of silty clay deposits with abundant macro- and microfossils. A reliable biostratigraphic subdivision of the Upper Jurassic interval of this section was taken as the basis for the assessment of the correlation potential of different fossil groups and subsequent interregional correlations, facies analysis, and detailed paleogeographic reconstructions of the study area. The analysis of variations in the composition of macrobenthic communities and microphytoplankton and terrestrial palynomorph assemblages and the biofacies analysis allowed the reconstruction of the evolution of marine paleoenvironmental settings in the western part of the Anabar-Lena sea and in the terrestrial settings in the adjacent land area of Siberia.
M.I. Epov1,2, V.N. Glinskikh1,2, K.V. Sukhorukova1,2, M.N. Nikitenko3, V.N. Eremin3 1A.A. Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia 2Novosibirsk State University 3A.A. Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Akademika Koptyuga 3, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
Keywords: Электромагнитные каротажные зондирования, каротаж в процессе бурения, геонавигация, геоэлектрическая модель, удельное электрическое сопротивление, Electromagnetic logging, logging while drilling, geosteering, resistivity, resistivity model
Subsection: GEOPHYSICS
The processing algorithms for high-frequency induction resistivity data are applied to logs acquired at different stages of well construction. Open-hole induction logging while reaming of vertical wells provides a priori information on geology and resistivity distribution. The resulting resistivity model can make reference in geosteering for deviated and horizontal drilling. Algorithms for inversion of high-frequency induction responses from layered media are used in a software package for processing LWD data. The software provides real-time inversion to recover resistivities and depths to layers in oil and gas reservoirs penetrated by wells of a complex trajectory. It also allows checking the inversion quality by analyzing the sensitivity of tool responses to model parameters with reference to the tool specifications.
M. Kuruoglu1, T. Eskisar2 1Dokuz Eylul University, Department of Civil Engineering, Geotechnics Division, 35160, Buca, Izmir, Turkey 2Ege University, Department of Civil Engineering, Geotechnics Division, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
Keywords: Местные грунтовые условия, динамика реакции участка на землетрясение, максимальное ускорение грунта, спектральное усиление, Измир, Турция, Local soil conditions, dynamic site response, peak ground acceleration, spectral amplification, Izmir, Turkey
Subsection: GEOPHYSICS
The city of Izmir, located at the western end of Turkey, has experienced many strong earthquakes throughout its history. The southern coast of Izmir Bay, one of the most densely populated areas of Izmir, is located on deep alluvial sediments. It is important to determine the effect of local soil conditions on dynamic ground response in the study area, where thick loose water-saturated alluvial sediments exist. A database including geotechnical and geological information on the study area is constructed. Majority of the site is classified as D and E according to NEHRP provisions. Dynamic site response analyses are performed with EERA by utilizing the field and laboratory test results and earthquake time histories of moderate-scale earthquakes such as 1977 Izmir ( ML = 5.3), 2003 Urla ( Md = 5.6), and 2005 Uzunkuyu-Urla ( ML = 5.9), which occurred in and nearby Izmir. In addition, a scenario ground motion generated by the Izmir Fault with a magnitude of 6.5, having an average distance of 10 km to the study area, is also considered. The output data obtained from the dynamic site response analyses are evaluated, and maps displaying variation in dynamic parameters on ground surface are prepared for the southern coast of Izmir Bay, Turkey. Consequently, the dynamic analyses performed with the soil models constituted for the study area verified the damage occurred in a close distance event of 1977 Izmir earthquake. The scenario earthquake resulted in peak ground accelerations more than 0.6 g at the eastern and western ends of the study area. However, long distance events resulted in spectral amplifications by up to 5 times. With this study, it is emphasized that local soil conditions should be evaluated individually in the area of interest. Generation of a site-specific design spectrum is recommended for the areas located on deep alluvial sediments.
A.S. Dudaryonok1, N.N. Lavrentieva1, Q. Ma2 1V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634021, Russia 2NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, 10025, New York, Broadway, 2880, USA
Keywords: метод средних частот, столкновительный переход, коэффициент уширения линии, the averaged energy difference method, collisional transition, line broadening coefficient
Subsection: SPECTROSCOPY OF AMBIENT MEDIUM
The new method of calculation of rotation-vibration line broadening of asymmetric tops is proposed. The application of this method allows one to obtain the linewidths having been based on some empirical data without complicated calculations. Using experimental data a vibrational dependence of averaged energy difference is deduced. The approach was used for calculation of H
2O and HDO lines broadening. Comparisons of the theoretical line shape parameters with the experimental values in different absorption bands are made.
A.P. Luzhetskaya1, V.A. Poddubnyi1, T.V. Tsipushtanova2 1Institute of Industrial Ecology Ural branch of RAS, 20a, str. Sof'i Kovalevskoj, GSP-594, 620219, Ekaterinburg 2Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, 620083, 51 Lenina, Ekaterinburg, Russia
Keywords: аэрозоль, форсинг, возмущение потоков радиации, эмпирические статистические модели, регрессионный анализ, AERONET, aerosol, forcing, perturbation of the flow of radiation, empirical statistical models, regression analysis, AERONET
Subsection: OPTICS OF CLUSTERS, AEROSOLS, AND HYDROSOLES
Statistical analysis of the links between direct aerosol radiative forcing at the upper boundary of the atmosphere (ARF), aerosol radiative perturbation at the lower boundary of the atmosphere (ARP) in spectral range from 0.2 to 4.0 m and optical and microphysical characteristics of atmospheric aerosol was carried out using measurements by global network AERONET in the Middle Urals during 2004-2014. It is proposed to use multiple regression analysis to build simple models of ARF, ARP - parameters of the aerosol. The ranked sets of the most significant statistically independent predictors of aerosol parameters were found. The semi empirical linear and nonlinear statistical models of the influence of the atmospheric aerosol on perturbation fluxes of short-wave solar radiation on the upper and lower boundary of the atmosphere were proposed.
S.M. Sakerin, D.M. Kabanov
V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634021, Russia
Keywords: аэрозольная оптическая толща, морские и полярные районы, aerosol optical depth, marine and polar regions
Subsection: OPTICS OF CLUSTERS, AEROSOLS, AND HYDROSOLES
We discuss the results of comparative analysis of finely and coarsely dispersed components of atmospheric aerosol optical depth (AOD), obtained according to data of SP sun photometer measurements in 14 regions of the Atlantic, Southern, and Arctic Oceans, and Far East seas. Average (over regions) values of the coarsely dispersed AOD component vary from 0.007 to 0.24, and average values of the finely dispersed AOD component vary from 0.015 to 0.25. Despite the fact that the two AOD components are independent in their origin and exist in a variety of combinations, the distributions of their average values exhibit joint growth from lowermost values in the Southern Ocean to maximal values in the zone of severe continental outflows (the Sea of Darkness and the Sea of Japan). Taking into account the natural specific features, we grouped the data with respect to a few types of maritime regions; and for each, we determined the most probable values of the coarsely dispersed component and two parameters (analogous to Ångström parameters), which characterize the finely dispersed AOD component.
N.N. Shchelkanov
V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634021, Russia
Keywords: аэрозольное ослабление, однопараметрические модели, двухпараметрические модели, aerosol extinction, one-parametrical models, two-parametrical models
Subsection: OPTICS OF CLUSTERS, AEROSOLS, AND HYDROSOLES
Comparison of four aerosol models is carried out: two one-parametrical models for a ground layer of an arid zone of Kazakhstan, two-parametrical model for horizontal routes and two-parametrical model for horizontal and inclined routes. It is shown that the models received with use of new methods of creation of linear regression and division into components allow one to restore physically correctly not only values of coefficients of aerosol extinction, but also their mean square deviations.
D.V. Ionov, Yu.M. Timofeyev, A.V. Poberovskii
Saint Petersburg State University, 1, Ulyanovskaya str., Petrodvorets, St. Petersburg, 198504, Russia
Keywords: DOAS-измерения, содержание O
в атмосфере, содержание NO
в атмосфере, DOAS measurements, O
atmospheric content, NO
atmospheric content
The results of daily observations of O
3 and NO
2 atmospheric total conent around St.Petersburg, retrieved from the automatic ground-based measurements of zenith-sky scattered visible solar radiation, are presented. The measurements acquired in 2009-2013 are compared with the data of satellite observations by the GOME (ERS-2), SCIAMACHY (ENVISAT) and OMI (AURA) instruments. Investigation of the disagreement revealed between the data of satellite and ground-based measurements allowed us to improve the ground-based method (DOAS technique) and reduce the average difference down to ~ 2 and ~ 20% for O
3 и NO
2 content, respectively. Remaining differences may be further reduced if the seasonal variability of calculated air mass factors is taken into account in the ground-based method.
V.A. Tartakovsky, V.A. Krutikov, Yu.V. Volkov, N.N. Cheredko
Institute of Monitoring of Climatic and Ecological Systems of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 634055, Tomsk, 10/3, Academichesky ave.
Keywords: аналитический сигнал, фаза температурных рядов, климатические структуры, Евразия, analytic signal, phase of temperature series, climatic structures, Eurasia
Analysis of the data series of the surface temperature from weather stations of Eurasia have been performed with use of analytic signals. The climatic classes are allocated by comparing the phase of the temperature series with an estimated phase during iterations. This computing technology is first applied to the study of climate processes. The new approach is informative and corresponds to the known concepts of the climate geography. It follows that phasing and synchronicity are essential features of climate processes on the Earth.
A.V. Mikhalev1, C.V. Podlesny1, N.V. Kostyleva1, E.S. Komarova2 1Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, 664033, Irkutsk, 126a, Lermontova str. 2Irkutsk State University, 664003, Irkutsk, 1, Karl Marx Str.
Keywords: Челябинский метеорит, яркость ночного неба, собственное излучение атмосферы, эмиссии верхней атмосферы, Chelyabinsk meteorite, night sky brightness, airglow, emissions of the upper atmosphere
We present observation results of airglow variations in emissions of OI 557.7 nm, OI 630 nm, and NaI 589.0-589.6 nm in Eastern Siberia after the Chelyabinsk meteorite fall on February 15, 2013. In the first nights, we discovered certain features of OI 557.7 nm, OI 630 nm, and NaI 589.0-589.6 nm emissions related to the changes of mean night intensities (OI 557.7 nm emission decrease, NaI 589.0-589.6 nm emission increase) and night variations in these emissions. A month after the fall of the Chelyabinsk meteorite, intervals were found with increasing intensities of OI 557.7 nm and NaI of 589.0-589.6 nm emissions as compared to preceding periods. Nature of some marked features of variations in OI 557.7 nm, OI 630 nm, and NaI 589.0-589.6 nm emissions does not exclude their possible coupling with the Chelyabinsk meteorite.
T.S. Selegei, N.N. Filonenko, T.N. Lenkovskaya
Siberian Regional Hydrometeorological Research Institute, 630099, Novosibirsk city, Sovetskaya street, 30
Keywords: метеорологический потенциал загрязнения атмосферы, рассеивающая способность атмосферы, метеоэлементы, концентрации загрязняющих веществ, инверсии, приземный слой атмосферы, индекс загрязнения атмосферы, meteorological air pollution potential, diffusing capacity of the atmosphere, meteorological parameters, air pollutant concentration, inversions, atmospheric surface layer, air pollution index
The paper presents the improved method of determining meteorological air pollution potential (MAPP) based on the use of surface meteorological data available for any weather station in Russia. Testing of the methods was performed on the data obtained from 196 weather stations in Western Siberia during the period 1986 to 2010. Boundary conditions to distinguish areas with different meteorological resources for dispersion of pollutants were specified. Interannual and territorial variability of MAPP was analyzed. Correlation coefficients were found between the MAPP values and the levels of air pollution with both separate ingredients and a pollution index as a whole (APS
4).
M.Yu. Arshinov1, B.D. Belan1, D.K. Davydov1, A.V. Kozlov1, A.S. Kozlov2, V.G. Arshinova1 1V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634021, Russia 2V.V. Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, 3 Institutskaya str., 3, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: нуклеационные всплески, образование новых частиц, скорость образования, скорость роста, наночастицы, nucleation bursts, new particle formation, formation rate, growth rate, nanoparticles
In this paper a number size distribution of atmospheric nanoparticles has been analyzed with a view to estimate particle formation and growth rates during the nucleation bursts observed in the atmospheric surface layer over West Siberia. Estimates showed that during the period from March 2010 to August 2014, inclusively, new particle formation and growth rates ranged from 0.1 to 3.55 cm
-3 × s
-1 and from 0.26 to 53.04 nm × h
-1, respectively. Results of continuous long-term observations recently carried out at two atmospheric monitoring stations located in Siberia point out a similarity of them with the frequency and main characteristics of nucleation bursts recorded in other regions of the boreal belt. Statistical data on nucleation bursts obtained in our region can be used when modeling the climate change and developing methods of their identification on a global scale with the use of satellite data.
P.A. Konyaev, N.N. Botygina, L.V. Antoshkin, O.N. Emaleev, V.P. Lukin
V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634021, Russia
Keywords: атмосферная турбулентность, структурная постоянная, дрожание изображения, радиальная мира, атмосферная турбулентность, структурная постоянная, дрожание изображения, радиальная мира
Development of a passive optical method for estimating the atmospheric turbulence strength (refractive index structure constant
Cn2 of atmosphere) from image jitter is discussed. It is proposed that high rate digital camera and fast parallel 2-D image processing algorithms are used for real-time
Cn2 measurements. A comparison is made of the results obtained by passive and active optical and acoustic methods.
I.N. Smalikho1, V.A. Banakh1, F. Holzäpfel2, S. Rahm2 1V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634021, Russia 2Institute of Atmospheric Physics of the German Aerospace Center, 82234, Oberpfaffenhofen Münchener Straße, 20, Germany
Keywords: когерентный доплеровский лидар, самолетные вихри, coherent Doppler lidar, aircraft wake vortices
A modified method of the radial velocities (RV) is offered. On the base of results of the numerical simulation that imitates operation of “Stream Line” and 2-mm pulsed coherent Doppler lidars (PCDL) we analyze accuracy of the estimation of aircraft wake vortex parameters using the RV method. Results are presented of field experiments carried out with the aim to obtain estimates for vortex axis trajectories and dependence of the vortex circulation on time from arrays of the radial velocity measured by these lidars. For the case of 2-mm PCDL we compared results given by methods of velocity envelopes and RV. The limits of applicability of the RV method have been determined.
M.V. Sherstobitov1, R.Sh. Tsvyk1, E.L. Loboda2 1V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634021, Russia 2National Research Tomsk State University, 36, Lenin Avenue, Tomsk, 634050,Russia
Keywords: тепловизор, вихревое горение, излучение пламени, спектральный анализ сигнала, thermovisor, vortex combustion, emission from a flame, frequency signal analysis
We explored fire torch’s radiation in laboratory conditions. Fire torch was burning from a tank, which was fixed at the axis of uprising flow of air. Ethanol was used as a fuel. The description of processing of a thermogram sequence of the twisted torch is presented. The rotation frequency was determined by FFT conversion of time pulsation of thermovision signal.
D.V. Petrov1,2, I.I. Matrosov1, D.O. Sedinkin1, A.A. Tikhomirov1 1Institute of Monitoring of Climatic and Ecological Systems of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 634055, Tomsk, 10/3, Academichesky ave. 2National Research Tomsk State University, 36, Lenin Avenue, Tomsk, 634050,Russia
Keywords: спектроскопия спонтанного комбинационного рассеяния света, спектральное оборудование, Raman spectroscopy, spectral equipment
The prototype of a developed compact spectral device for recording weak Raman spectra is described. Calibration method based on matching CCD pixels to neon lamp wavenumber is given. Linearity range of used Hamamatsu S10141 CCD output signal depending on the magnitude of incident light flux has been investigated.
Alexander Leonidovich Balandin
Institute of Systems Dynamics and Control Theory, Lermontov str. 134, Irkutsk-33, Russia, 664033
Keywords: computerized tomography, spherical harmonics, inverse problems
In order to investigate the force-free fields it is proposed to use the computerized tomography methods. For the inversion of the ray transformation, the method of multipole fields expansion has been developed. This method is based on the expansion of a vector field and the ray transformation over the special basis of vector-functions. Analytical expressions for the ray transform of the basis vector-functions and the results of computer simulation are given.
In this paper, experience in the conducted investigation of the stochastic cellular automata models of forming stable oscillations and autowaves in active media is generalized. As a result, the concept of stochastic cellular automaton (CA), corresponding to the asynchronous CA with probabilistic transition rules, is formulated. The formal notions of a stochastic CA and a stochastic CA model are given. Properties of the CA models and methods of their synthesis, using a specified set of elementary physical and chemical transformations, are described. The possibility of the autowave and oscillatory processes simulation is shown on an example of the carbon monoxide oxidation reaction on the platinum catalyst with reconstructing its surface structure. The CA-simulation enabled to reveal the range of reaction parameters values, at which stable oscillations of the reagents concentration occur, and to observe autowaves over the platinum surface. Considerable attention has been given to a high efficiency of the stochastic CA parallel implementation, which demands preliminary transformation of the asynchronous mode to the block-synchronous one with validation of its equivalence to the asynchronous mode. The latter is done for the investigated reaction CA model by means of the comparative statistical analysis of the simulation results.
S.A. Novopashin, M.A. Serebryakova, and S.Ya. Khmel
Kutateladze Institute of Thermophysics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia E-mail: khmel@itp.nsc.ru
Keywords: magnetic fluid, colloid solution, nanoparticles in carbon coating
Pages: 397–412
This is a review of the current state of research in the field of the methods of magnetic fluid synthesis. It focuses on analysis of the methods that use magnetic nanoparticles in an inert coating.
The possibility to control turbulent incompressible boundary layer using air blowing through a finely perforated wall presenting part of the streamlined flat-plate surface was examined. The control was exercised via an action on the state and characteristics of the near-wall flow exerted by controlled (through variation of external-pressure-flow velocity) blowing of air through an air intake installed on the idle side of the plate. A stable reduction of the local values of skin friction coefficient along the model, reaching 50 % at the end of the perforated area, has been demonstrated. The obtained experimental and calculated data are indicative of a possibility to model the process of turbulent-boundary-layer control by air blowing due to external-flow resources.
N.E. Shishkin
Kutateladze Institute of Thermophysics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia E-mail: shishkin@itp.nsc.ru
Keywords: swirled gas film cooling, gas concentration at wall, nonisothermal flows, constrain factor
Pages: 427–433
Experiments were conducted about the effect of height of annular slot on efficiency of film cooling in a tube flow. Nonisothermal nature of flows was modelled by mixing of jets with different densities: air with argon or with helium: the concentration of foreign gas on wall was measured. The influence of nearwall jet swirling and of proportions of densities of gas flows as key factors for laminarization of mixing was considered.
A.G. Laptev and E.A. Lapteva
Kazan State University of Power Engineering, Kazan, Russia E-mail: tvt_kgeu@mail.ru
Keywords: heat transfer, mass transfer, skin friction, roughness, film, coolers, analogy
Pages: 435–440
To determine the coefficients of the heat and mass transfer in the ducts with rough and irrigated walls the de-velopment of the classical hydrodynamic analogy of the momentum, mass, and energy transfer has been continued. The conservation properties of the skin-friction laws with respect to various disturbances are used for this purpose, and the “effective velocity” is found the value of which enables us to correct the hydrodynamic analogy. The examples of computations of the Nusselt, Sherwood, and Stanton numbers are shown for rough ducts, cooler, and film flow in the counter-flow. A comparison with the results of other researchers is given.
Explosive cavitation at the front of a negative-pressure pulse has been studied. Conditions for the emergence of bubbles by the mechanism of homogeneous fluctuation nucleation were identified. Those conditions feature a high rate of the phase transformation, with the vapor formation process being concentrated in time at the instant of attainment of a certain pressure. Under such conditions, the liquid cavitation strength is maximal, and its value can be predicted by the homogeneous nucleation theory. For implementing the regime with high nucleation frequency, a method based on passing a negative-pressure pulse across a region with locally heated liquid was employed. The cavitation kinetics was examined by monitoring the perturbation of the heat flow from a miniature heater. The experimental data were generalized using the theory of explosive vapor formation in shock boiling mode. A method for calculating the cavitation in the regime of the fluctuation emergence of bubbles was approbated.
A.A. Gubaidullin and A.S. Gubkin
Tyumen Branch of the Khristianovich Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics SB RAS, Tyumen, Russia Tyumen State University, Tyumen, Russia E-mail: timms@tmn.ru, alexshtil@gmail.com
Keywords: bubble cluster, hydrodynamic interaction of bubbles, heat exchange of a bubble with liquid
Pages: 453–462
Numerical investigation of the collective interaction of bubbles in clusters of different configurations was carried out. The mathematical model was used, which accounted for the compressibility and viscosity of the liquid as well as the hydrodynamic interaction between the bubbles. The heat exchange of gas bubbles with liquid was handled within the framework of a two-temperature scheme. An expression for the heat flux to the bubble unit surface was used, which makes it possible to describe the heat exchange of gaseous bubbles with the liquid in a fairly wide range of the values of the liquid pressures and temperatures. The behavior of an individual bubble in the collective of bubbles at an instantaneous compression and at a periodic disturbance of different frequencies was investigated. It is shown that under certain conditions, considerable compression ratios and, as a consequence, high temperatures and temperatures are reached for some bubbles. The influence of the cluster configuration has been investigated. It is shown by the examples of a cluster of three embedded dodecahedra, linear and stochastic clusters that the configuration of the cluster may affect strongly its dynamics.
We report measurements of two-dimensional (B/D = 5) fully turbulent and developed duct flows (overall length/depth, L/D = 60; D-based Reynolds number Re > 104) for inclinations to 30° from vertical at low voidages (< 5 % sectional average) representative of disperse regime using tap water bubbles (4-6 mm) and smaller bubbles (2 mm) stabilised in ionic solution. Pitot and static probe instrumentation, primitive but validated, provided adequate (10 % local value) discrimination of main aspects of the mean velocity and voidage profiles at representative streamwise station i.e L/D
= 40. Our results can be divided into three categories of behaviour. For
vertical flow (0°) the evidence is inconclusive as to whether bubbles are
preferentially trapped within the wall-layer as found in some, may be most earlier experimental works. Thus, the
4-mm bubbles showed indication of voidage retention but the 2-mm bubbles
did not. For nearly vertical flow (5°) there was pronounced profiling of voidage especially with 4-mm bubbles
but the transverse transport was not suppressed sufficiently to induce any
obvious layering. In this context, we also refer to similarities with previous
work on one-phase vertical and nearly vertical mixed convection flows
displaying buoyancy inhibited mean shear turbulence. However, with inclined
flow (10+ degrees) a distinctively layered pattern was invariably manifested in
which voidage confinement increased with increasing inclination. In this paper
we address flow behavior at near vertical conditions. Eulerian, mixed and VOF
models were used to compute voidage and mean velocity profiles.
A mathematical model was developed for calculation
of steam-water flow in a geothermal well for the feeding interval. The model
assumes a variable mass flow rate over the channel length. The basis for this
model are the flow continuity equation, momentum and energy conservation
equations, taken with account for variable mass flow. The model was implemented as a computer code
suitable for calculation of flow parameters upstream (downward the top level of
the feeding zone). Then this model was applied for wells in the Mutnovskii
geothermal field, this revealed a
geyser-type mechanism of flow instabilities with the pressure oscillation
period about ten minutes. The remedy for these oscillations was
offered.
K.I. Stepanov1, D.G. Mukhin1, S.V. Alekseenko1, and O.V. Volkova2
1Kutateladze Institute of Thermophysics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
2Saint-Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics, Institute of Refrigeration and Biotechnology, St. Petersburg, Russia
E-mail: stepanov_ki@mail.ru
Keywords: lithium-bromide absorption chiller, refrigerant, lithium bromide, coefficient of performance (COP), cold of low temperatures
Pages: 481–489
The
authors have developed a method and presented experimental data for obtaining
negative temperatures of evaporation in lithium-bromide absorption
chillers driven by heat recovery. It has been found that the attainable temperature
of the refrigerated medium is the value of -5 °C.
A
mathematical model has been constructed for
determining the temperature fields and motion of the phase transition
boundaries without using the
classical Stefan condition and the concentrated heat capacity. The model makes
it possible to determine more
accurately the location of the phase transition front and may be used at the computations for layered materials in the cases
when there are several fronts, and they can merge. The modeling of the
problem on determining the melting boundary in a three-layer material has been
carried out for the one-dimensional case.
The results of dilatometric studies of thermal coefficient of linear expansion of dysprosium in the temperature range 110-1950 K are presented. The measurements were performed with an accuracy of (1.5-2.0)·10-7 K-1. The approximation dependences of thermal
coefficient of linear expansion were obtained. The reference tables of dysprosium
thermal properties for the range 110-1950 K of solid and liquid states were constructed
using the previous results obtained by the gamma method. The character of
thermal coefficient of linear expansion changes in the area of the Neel
point has been established. Its critical exponents and the critical
amplitudes have been determined. It is shown
that both above and below the Neel temperature, the experimental data cannot be
processed with a single scaling equation. A comparison with the
published data has been performed.
The authors have studied the change in the component composition of wollastonite marble from Slyudyanka deposits at increasing pressure (p
= 0.1-12000 MPa) and temperature (T = 300-6000 K). Metamorphism of marble maturation has been found. The essence
of maturation is the calcite melting, carbon dioxide deposition, the monolith compaction, the transformation
of mineral composition at pressure increase up to the value of the initial
components. When the pressure value reaches 12000 MPa the original components
are reproduced, and the maturation of marble completes. Thermodynamic analysis
reveals the secrets of the marble origin.
The quickly damped capillary waves generated at coalescence of
microdroplets (diameter of up to 100 µm), formed in a gas atmosphere at water
vapor condensation, with the horizontal layer of water are studied
experimentally. Evaporation takes place at intensive local heating of liquid
from the substrate side. To visualize and measure the deformations,
the Schlieren technique and high-speed video (up to 54000 f/s) are
applied. The measured wave amplitude varies within 1-6 µm, and this
is consistent with the magnitude of the surface energy of coalescing
microdroplets. The waves are generated by the energy of droplet surface.
The
numerical study found the effect of changes in the longitudinal and transverse
dimensions of the heater with keeping constant the area of heating on
evaporation intensity, dynamics, and extreme thicknesses of a thin liquid film
moving in a microchannel under the influence of the gas flow at local heating.
It is shown that for relatively small heating, evaporation is more intense for
the wide heaters than for the narrow ones. For the narrow and long heaters,
evaporation process is slower, but then it is intensified in a short time.
26 July 2015 is the 80th anniversary of Vladimir E. Nakoryakov, the prominent Russian scientist in the field of thermophysics and heat power engineering and the full member of the Russian Academy
of Sciences.
