a:2:{s:4:"TEXT";s:191:"O.G. Stepanova1, V.A. Trunova2, V.V. Zvereva2, M.S. Mel’gunov3,4, S.K. Petrovskii1, S.M. Krapivina1, A.P. Fedotov1";s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"html";}
a:2:{s:4:"TEXT";s:514:"1Limnological Institute, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Ulan-Batorskaya 3, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia 2A.V. Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, pr. Akademika Lavrent’eva 3, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia 3V.S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Akademika Koptyuga 3, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia 4Novosibirsk State University, ul. Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia";s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"html";}
Keywords: Glacier, bottom sediments, elemental composition, XRF-SR, FTIR spectroscopy, East Sayan
V.N. Borodkin1,2, A.R. Kurchikov1
a:2:{s:4:"TEXT";s:321:"1West Siberian Affiliate of the A.A. Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Volodarskogo 56, Tyumen ’, 625670, Russia arkurchikov@tmnsc.ru 2Tymen’ State Petroleum University, ul. Volodarskogo 38, Tyumen’, 625000, Russia";s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"html";}
Keywords: Achimov rock unit, lithofacies zoning, sedimentation model, clinoform, Yanov Stan Formation, West Siberia
A brief summary of different viewpoints on the sedimentation model for the Achimov rock unit in West Siberia is presented. The differences in the concepts of the rock unit structure have led to ambiguous approaches to mapping of the boundaries of its area. Our study of the clinoform structural model for Neocomian section yielded geological and geophysical data substantiating the positions of the western and eastern boundaries of the Achimov rock unit.
S.Z. Smirnov1,2,3 1V.S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Akademika Koptyuga 3, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia 2Novosibirsk State University, ul. Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia 3Tomsk State University, pr. Lenina 36, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
Keywords: Granite pegmatites, fluid, silicate-water, fluid, and melt inclusions
Subsection: PETROLOGY, GEOCHEMISTRY, AND MINERALOGY
Granite pegmatites are a unique natural object that makes it possible to study magmatic processes that lead to the formation of ore-generating media and systems. This paper summarizes modern views on phase transformations in aqueous silicate systems at parameters close to those of the transition from magmatic to hydrothermal crystallization. Comparison of phase diagrams and the results of study of pegmatite-forming media permits making conclusions about the crystallization of the water-saturated magmas of miarolitic granite pegmatites. The fluid regime of aqueous granite systems of simple composition, not enriched in fluxing components, is determined mainly by magma degassing or the supply of volatiles with flows of transmagmatic fluids. These processes cause the separation of essentially carbon dioxide or essentially hydrous fluid. During the crystallization of such magmas, crystallization from silicate melt is separated in PT -space and, possibly, in time from the crystallization from aqueous or mixed carbon dioxide-aqueous super- and subcritical solutions. The evolution of chambers of water-saturated granitic and pegmatitic magma enriched in F, B, and alkali metals presupposes the formation of a heterogeneous mineral-forming medium in which crystallization occurs in the magmatic melt at high-temperature stages; as temperature decreases, crystallization can proceed in hydrous fluid, hydrosilicate, and/or hydrosaline simultaneously. Hydrothermal crystallization can also take place in a heterogeneous medium consisting of aqueous solutions of different salinities and vapor or water-carbon dioxide gas mixture. The relationship between different fluid regimes during the evolution of volatile-saturated granitic and pegmatitic magmas determines the variety of postmagmatic rocks accompanying granite massifs.
Yu.P. Benedyuk1, V.A. Simonov2,3, A.S. Mekhonoshin1,4, T.B. Kolotilina1, S.I. Stupakov2, A.A. Doroshkov1 1A.P. Vinogradov Institute of Geochemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Science, ul. Favorskogo 1a, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia 2V.S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Akademika Koptyuga 3, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia 3Novosibirsk State University, ul. Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia 4Irkutsk State Technical University, ul. Lermontova 83, Irkutsk, 664074, Russia
Keywords: Spinel-group minerals, melt inclusions, parental melt
Subsection: PETROLOGY, GEOCHEMISTRY, AND MINERALOGY
This paper presents the first geochemical data on Cr-spinels from ultramafic rocks of the Alkhadyr terrane, which were obtained on a representative collection of samples using modern research methods. The compositional data on melt inclusions allowed the identification of three generations of Cr-spinels on the basis of their morphology, composition, and relationships with the rock-forming minerals. Different types of geochemical zoning were recognized in heterogeneous Cr-spinel grains. The composition of parental melt and crystallization temperatures of the minerals in ultramafic rocks were derived from the compositional data on Cr-spinels and trapped melt inclusions.
N.S. Martirosyan1, K.D. Litasov1,2, A.F. Shatskiy1,2, E. Ohtani1,3 1V.S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Akademika Koptyuga 3, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia 2Novosibirsk State University, ul. Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia 3Department of Earth and Planetary Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
Keywords: Mantle, carbonate, subduction, iron, redox state, melting, experiment, high pressures
Subsection: PETROLOGY, GEOCHEMISTRY, AND MINERALOGY
Experimental data on Fe-CaCO3 interaction at 6 GPa and 1273-1873 K are presented. The system models the hypothetical redox interaction in subducting slabs at the contact with the reduced mantle and a putative process at the core-mantle boundary. The reaction is accompanied by carbonatite melt formation. It also produces Fe3C and calcium wüstite, which form solid or liquid phases depending on experimental conditions. In iron-containing systems at 6 GPa, calcium carbonate melts in the range 1473-1573 K, which is consistent with aragonite disappearance from complex carbonate systems. The composition of calcium carbonate liquid is not influenced by metallic Fe. It corresponds to nearly pure CaCO3. Along the mantle adiabat or at slightly higher temperatures, nearly pure CaCO3 coexists with metallic iron or calcium wüstite. This hypothesis explains the coexistence of metallic iron and carbonate inclusions in lithospheric and superdeep diamonds.
R.V. Kuzhuget1, V.V. Zaikov2, V.I. Lebedev1, A.A. Mongush1
a:2:{s:4:"TEXT";s:320:"1Tuvinian Institute for Exploration of Natural Resources, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Internatsional’naya 117a, Kyzyl, Tyva Republic, 667007, Russia 2Institute of Mineralogy, Uralian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Miass, Chelyabinsk Region, 456317, Russia";s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"html";}
Keywords: Native gold, Au-Ag-Hg system minerals, tellurides, hessite, coloradoite, selenides, tiemannite, naumannite, fischesserite, fahlores, Tuva
Subsection: PETROLOGY, GEOCHEMISTRY, AND MINERALOGY
We consider mineral assemblages and mineralogical and geochemical peculiarities of hypogene gold from the Khaak-Sair multistage low-sulfide gold-quartz ore occurrence in listwänites. Three productive substages of Au- and Ag-mineral formation have been recognized on the basis of mineralogical studies: gold-sulfosalt-sulfide-quartz, gold-mercury-quartz, and gold-selenide-telluride-sulfide-quartz. These substages were characterized by the following sequences of mineral formation: (1) ultrahigh-fineness gold → high-fineness gold → argental gold (medium- and low-fineness gold) → electrum + Ag-bearing and argental fahlores (up to 50 wt.% Ag) ± acanthite ± hessite; (2) high-fineness gold → Hg-bearing and mercurian gold → mercurian electrum → mercurian kustelite → Au-bearing mercurian silver; and (3) high-fineness gold → mercurian gold → mercurian electrum + naumannite + Te-bearing naumannite + fischesserite + tiemannite + hessite + coloradoite + Ag-bearing minerals of the galena-clausthalite series (up to 6 wt.% Ag) ± Se-cinnabar ± Se-imiterite. Productive mineral assemblages of the ore occurrence formed in the hypabyssal facies (depth ~1.5 km, P ~0.5 kbar) on the background of a temperature decrease from 290 to 160 °C and variations in f (O
2), f (S
2), f (Se
2), and f (Te
2).
In this paper, the solution of two-dimensional Maxwell’s equations is considered using the Laguerre transform. Optimal parameters of the difference schemes for the equations are obtained and presented. Numerical values of these optimal parameters are given. Second-order difference schemes with the optimal parameters provide an accuracy of the solution of the equations that is comparable to the accuracy of the solution using fourth-order schemes. It is shown that, when using the Laguerre transform, the number of optimal parameters can be reduced compared to the Fourier transform. This reduction leads to a simplification of the difference scheme and a reduction in the amount of computation, i.e., to efficiency of the algorithm.
A.I. Khisamutdinov1,2, Yu.A. Pakhotina1,2 1A.A. Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Akademika Koptyuga 3, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia 2Novosibirsk State University, ul. Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
Keywords: Nuclear-geophysical technologies, transport equation, gamma-gamma method of evaluation of density and other parameters of rock, method of simple iteration, Monte-Carlo method, successive approximation by characteristic interactions, mathematical modeling
Subsection: GEOPHYSICS
Computer inversion of measurement data based on the equation of particle transport is a topical component of the modern nuclear-geophysical technologies. In this work we have elaborated an approach and iterative methods for this inversion according to the gamma-gamma method data. In the framework of the “successive approximations by characteristic interactions” approach, typical interactions have been established and iterative methods for the solution of two problems have been elaborated, namely, the problem of evaluation of the formation density and the problem of evaluation of two parameters - the formation density and the mud cake thickness. The numerical experiments confirm the theoretical concepts of the properties of iterative processes and convergence of methods.
S. M. Borzov1, A. O. Potaturkin1, O. I. Potaturkin1,2 1Institute of Automation and Electrometry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Akademika Koptyuga 1, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia 2Novosibirsk State University, ul. Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
Keywords: дистанционное зондирование Земли, выделение антропогенных территорий, обнаружение изменений, спектральные и пространственные (текстурные, структурные) признаки, классификация изображений, remote sensing, selection of man-made areas, change detection, spectral and spatial (textural and structural) features, classification of images
Subsection: ANALYSIS AND SYNTHESIS OF SIGNALS AND IMAGES
It is shown that spatial structural features based on determining the maximum angle within which each pixel has a neighborhood that is not shadowed by other pixels of the contour provide the best efficiency in detecting man-made areas in satellite images of moderate resolution. A combined method of detection of build-up area expansion on the basis of multispectral data provided by the SPOT-4 satellite is proposed and demonstrated. This method implies the formation (with allowance for chosen features) of spatial masks of man-made objects in the reference (earlier taken) image and natural zones of the tested (later taken) image, searching for spectral-temporal anomalies, and sequential masking of selected pixels with the use of masks being formed.
I. A. Pestunov1, S. A. Rylov1, V. B. Berikov2
a:2:{s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"HTML";s:4:"TEXT";s:296:"1Institute of Computational Technologies, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Lavrent’eva 6, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia 2Sobolev Institute of Mathematics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Akademika Koptyuga 4, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia";}
Keywords: иерархический ансамблевый алгоритм кластеризации, сеточный подход, сегментация мультиспектральных спутниковых изображений, ensemble hierarchical clustering algorithm, grid approach, segmentation of multispectral satellite images
Subsection: ANALYSIS AND SYNTHESIS OF SIGNALS AND IMAGES
Computationally efficient HCA and HECA hierarchical clustering algorithms for segmentation of multispectral images have been developed using the grid and ensemble approaches. A special metric is proposed to identify embedded clusters even in the presence of overlapping. The efficiency of the algorithms has been confirmed by the results of experimental studies using model and real data.
A. N. Katulev1, M. F. Malevinskii2 1Research Center of the Central Research Institute of Aerospace Defense of the Ministry of Defense of Russia, Naberezhnaya Afanasiya Nikitina 32, Tver, 170026 Russia 2Tver State University, ul. Zhelyabova 33, Tver, 170100 Russia
Keywords: интерполяционный, рекуррентный, нелинейный, адаптивный фильтры, interpolation, recurrent, nonlinear, adaptive filters
Subsection: ANALYSIS AND SYNTHESIS OF SIGNALS AND IMAGES
A method of nonlinear estimation of the coordinates of the geometric center of objects tracked in two-dimensional optoelectronic images is considered. The dynamics of the object and measurements of the geometric center of objects in optoelectronic images are described by nonlinear difference equations. Nonlinearities can be smooth and nonsmooth functions. The method is based on the normal correlation theorem and the approximation of solutions of the equations by Lagrange interpolation polynomials with adaptive selection of their orders. Modeling has shown that the interpolation method is more accurate than the known nonlinear unscented Kalman filter.
B. N. Epifantsev, A. A. Arkhipov
Siberian State Automobile and Highway Academy (SibADI), pr. Mira 5, Omsk, 644080 Russia
Keywords: человеко-машинная система, изображение лица, асимметрия изображений лиц, идентификационный потенциал асимметрии лиц, тепловые и видимые изображения, man-machine system, facial image, asymmetry of facial images, identification potential of facial asymmetry, thermal and visible images
Subsection: ANALYSIS AND SYNTHESIS OF SIGNALS AND IMAGES
This problem of identifying operators during interaction with a technical system of thermal and visible face imaging is considered. The informativeness of the facial asymmetry feature is estimated. It is concluded that it is preferred to use thermal images to solve the problem. Estimates of the probabilities of correct identification of operators are obtained.
A. V. Zamyatin1, A. A. Afanasyev2, P. Cabral3 1Tomsk State University, pr. Lenins 36, Tomsk 634050, Russia 2Tomsk Polytechnic University, pr. Lenina 30, Tomsk 634050, Russia 3NOVA IMS, New University of Lisbon, Lisbon, 1070-312 Portugal
Keywords: ландшафтный покров, идентификация изменений, стохастическое моделирование, клеточный автомат, пространственное прогнозирование, динамика ландшафта, land cover, change detection, stochastic simulation, cellular automata, spatial prediction, land cover dynamics
Subsection: ANALYSIS AND SYNTHESIS OF SIGNALS AND IMAGES
The important problem of land cover dynamics analysis is considered. We propose a multistep approach using methods of land cover change detection and an original method for evaluating the scale of changes is proposed. Applying this approach to a large archive of multi-temporal aerospace monitoring data makes it possible to choose only large-scale changes in land cover that deserve a more careful expert examination, and as a consequence, to perform a more rapid and comprehensive aerospace monitoring. The approach has been tested on problems of analyzing the land cover dynamics in Portugal under the LANDYN international research project. This paper presents some estimates of the scale of changes in the study area and results of long-term modeling of the development of the area, including alternative conditional scenarios.
A. V. Likhachov
Institute of Automation and Electrometry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Akademika Koptyuga 1, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
Keywords: ROI-томография, условие Кавальери, пополнение проекционных данных, Region-of-interest tomography, Cavalieri condition, projection data replenishment
Subsection: ANALYSIS AND SYNTHESIS OF SIGNALS AND IMAGES
A new method based on the Cavalieri condition for the Radon transform is developed to solve a problem of ROI tomography. This condition is used to construct a system of linear algebraic equations to estimate unknown projection data. Computational experiment has shown that the proposed method significantly improves the reconstruction accuracy, weakens artifacts, and provides an estimate of the internal structure of the object outside the region of interest.
A. V. Lapko1,2, V. A. Lapko1,2
a:2:{s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"HTML";s:4:"TEXT";s:285:"1Institute of Computational Modeling, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok 50, building 44, Krasnoyarsk, 660036 Russia 2Reshetnev Siberian State Aerospace University, pr. im. Gazety “Krasnoyarskii rabochii” 31, Krasnoyarsk, 660014 Russia";}
Keywords: распознавание образов, решающая функция, непараметрическая оценка, доверительное оценивание, правило Хайнкольда - Гаеде, pattern recognition, decision function, nonparametric estimate, confidence estimate, Heinhold-Gaede rule
Subsection: ANALYSIS AND SYNTHESIS OF SIGNALS AND IMAGES
A nonparametric estimate of the decision function in a two-alternative problem of pattern recognition is considered. The principle of expansion of the learning sample and the analysis of the probabilistic characteristics of the obtained sets of random variables are used to synthesize this estimate. On this basis, a technique of construction of confidence boundaries for the Bayesian equation of the separating surface is derived. The efficiency of this technique is proved by results of computational experiments.
V. K. Klochko
a:2:{s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"TEXT";s:4:"TEXT";s:85:"Ryazan’ State Radio-Engineering University, ul. Gagarina 59/1, Ryazan’, 390005 Russia";}
Keywords: радиолокация, 3D-изображение, доплеровская фильтрация, оценки координат, маловысотный полёт, radar location, 3D image, Doppler filtration, estimates of coordinates, low-altitude flight
Subsection: ANALYSIS AND SYNTHESIS OF SIGNALS AND IMAGES
A problem of formation of a three-dimensional image of the Earth surface in an onboard Doppler radar in a low-altitude flight on the basis of multichannel processing and obtaining estimates of spatial coordinates of reflection elements is solved. Algorithms of solving the problem are presented, and their workability is demonstrated by the method of computer modeling.
Yu. V. Chugui1,2,3 1Technological Design Institute of Scientific Instrument Engineering, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Russkaya 41, Novosibirsk, 630055 Russia 2Novosibirsk State University, ul. Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia 3Novosibirsk State Technical University, pr. Karla Marksa 20, Novosibirsk, 630073 Russia
Keywords: трёхмерный оптический контроль, оптические измерительные системы, низкокогерентная интерферометрия, лазерные технологии, лазерный генератор изображений, three-dimensional optical inspection, optical measurement system, low-coherence interferometry, laser technologies, laser generator of images
The most important results of the development and manufacturing of unique optoelectronic measurement and laser technologies and systems for various purposes aimed at solving urgent problems in industry and academic research, which are obtained at the Technological Design Institute of Scientific Instrument Engineering of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, are reviewed. Technical characteristics of developed devices and systems and results of their testing at industrial enterprises and research institutes of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences are reported.
a:2:{s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"TEXT";s:4:"TEXT";s:48:"V. S. Sobolev, G. A. Kashcheeva, F. A. Zhuravel’";}
Institute of Automation and Electrometry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Akademika Koptyuga 1, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
Keywords: лазерная доплеровская анемометрия, максимально правдоподобные оценки параметров сигналов, laser Doppler anemometry, maximum likelihood estimates of signal parameters
Methods of obtaining the maximum likelihood estimates of the Doppler frequency (velocity of examined flows) for laser Doppler anemometry in the multiparticle scattering mode in the presence of additive noise with the use of a finite number of signal samples are presented.
S. I. Kolesnikova
Tomsk State University, pr. Lenina 36, Tomsk, 634050 Russia
Keywords: многомерный нелинейный объект, целевое многообразие, скользящее управление, адаптация на многообразиях, возмущения с неизвестным описанием, multidimensional nonlinear object, target manifold, sliding control, adaptation on manifolds, disturbance with an unknown description
The problem of generalizing the method of analytical construction of aggregated regulators to the case of controlling a poorly formalized object on manifolds under the condition of uncertainty is considered. A comparative overview of the conditions of applicability of two methods for the control on manifolds is given, and the property of robustness of these methods is illustrated. An algorithm for the synthesis of a control system for a multidimensional nonlinear object with incomplete information about the right sides of the description based on the principles of synergetic control theory is given. The results of numerical simulation of the operation of the regulator constructed under off-design conditions (with additive random noise) are obtained.
A. S. Parshin1, S. A. Kushchenkov1, O. P. Pchelyakov2, Yu. L. Mikhlin3
a:2:{s:4:"TEXT";s:435:"1Siberian State Aerospace University, pr. Im. Gazety “Krasnoyarskii Rabochii” 31, Krasnoyarsk, 660014 Russia 2Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Lavrent’eva 13, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia 3Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok, 50, str. 24, Krasnoyarsk, 660036 Russia";s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"html";}
Keywords: электронная спектроскопия, сечение неупругого рассеяния отражённых электронов, длина свободного пробега электрона, electron spectroscopy, cross section of inelastic scattering of reflected electrons, mean free path of an electron
Subsection: NANOTECHNOLOGIES IN OPTICS AND ELECTRONICS
This paper describes a technique of simulating the cross section of inelastic scattering of electrons in layered structures from the experimental spectra of the cross section of inelastic scattering of reflected electrons of structural components on the basis of the theoretical Yubero - Tougaard model of the cross section of inelastic scattering in a homogeneous medium and its generalization for the case of layered structures. This technique is tested by an example of studying the spectra of the cross section of inelastic scattering in a two-layer SiO2/Si structure.
N. V. Sopinskii1, A. V. Russu2
a:2:{s:4:"TEXT";s:241:"1Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, pr. Nauki 45 Kyiv, 03028 Ukraine 2National University of “Kyiv-Mohyla Academy,”, ul. Grigoriya Skovorody 2, Kyiv, 04655 Ukraine";s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"html";}
Keywords: кремниевые наночастицы, эллипсометрия, оптическая модель, разделение фаз, окисление, silicon nanoparticles, ellipsometry, optical model, phase separation, oxidation
Subsection: NANOTECHNOLOGIES IN OPTICS AND ELECTRONICS
The multiangle ellipsometry method was used to study phase-structural transformations occurring during thermal annealing of vacuum-deposited SiOx films in air. The analysis of the experimental results carried out with a set of optical models that take into account nonuniformity and anisotropy made it possible to obtain data about the impact of the competitive processes of phase decomposition and oxidation of SiOx films into macro- and microstructures of systems formed in the annealing temperature range from 650 to 1000 °C.
A.A. Simonova1,2, R. McPheat3, I.V. Ptashnik1, K. Smith3, K. Shine4 1V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634021, Russia 2National Research Tomsk State University, 36, Lenin Avenue, Tomsk, 634050,Russia 3RAL Space, Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom 4Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Earley Gate, PO Box 243, Reading, RG6 6BB, United Kingdom
Keywords: континуальное поглощение, водяной пар, полосы поглощения, модель континуума MT_CKD, continuum absorption, water vapour, absorption bands, MT_CKD continuum model
Subsection: SPECTROSCOPY OF AMBIENT MEDIUM
The water vapour continuum absorption (or continuum) has a special importance for radiation balance of the Earth. In this paper one of the poorly studied spectral regions of the continuum absorption 8500-12500 cm
-1 (1.17-0.8 μm) is investigated, focusing on two absorption bands of water vapour. The continuum was derived from experimental pure water vapour absorption spectra obtained using a high resolution Fourier transform spectrometer. Measurements were carried out at elevated temperatures (from 398 to 471 K) and pressures (from 1 to 5 atm). Well-pronounced spectral absorption peaks were found within absorption bands, that are absent in the widely used MT_CKD model. Estimation of the total dimerization equilibrium constant for stable and metastable dimers, derived by fitting a simulated water dimer spectrum to the experimental continuum at 400 K, amounted of 0.028 atm
-1, which is twice higher than the modern ab initio prediction of this value.
G.I. Gorchakov1, V.M. Kopeikin1, S.A. Sitnov1, E.G. Semoutnikova2, M.A. Sviridenkov1, A.V. Karpov1, E.A. Lezina2, A.S. Emilenko1, A.A. Isakov1, G.A. Kuznetsov1, T.Ya. Ponomareva3 1A.M. Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, Pyzhevsky per., 3, 119017, Moscow, Russia 2LomonosovMoscow State University, GSP-1, Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 119991, Russia 3Hydrometeorological Centre of Russia, 11-13, Bol'shoj Predtechenskij per., 123242, Moscow, Russia
Keywords: дымовой аэрозоль, массовая концентрация, эмпирические функции распределения, спектральная плотность мощности, два источника задымления, дальний перенос, smoke aerosol, aerosol mass concentration, empirical distribution function, spectral power, two sources of smoke, long-range transfer
Subsection: OPTICS OF CLUSTERS, AEROSOLS, AND HYDROSOLES
Aerosol mass concentration variations in a smoky atmosphere of Moscow region in autumn 2014 have been analyzed. The soot mass fraction and ratio between aerosol mass concentrations PM-2.5 and PM-10 were typical of the fires in boreal forests. Smoke screening of the Moscow region was due to long-range transfer of the smoke aerosol, that was confirmed by a joint analysis of aerospace monitoring data and inverse trajectories of air mass transfer, and local fires in Moscow region. As the result, statistical characteristic variations of the smoke aerosol mass concentrations, including empirical probability distributions and power spectra, turned to be non-typical.
M.Yu. Arschinov1, B.D. Belan1, N.G. Voronetskaya2, A.K. Golovko2, D.K. Davydov1, A.S. Kozlov3, S.B. Malyshkin3, G.S. Pevneva2, D.V. Simonenkov1, G.N. Tolmachev1 1V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634021, Russia 2Institute of Petroleum Chemistry of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, 3, Academichesky ave., Tomsk, 634021, Russia 3V.V. Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, 3 Institutskaya str., 3, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: атмосферный аэрозоль, состав, углеводороды, н-алканы, atmospheric aerosol, composition, hydrocarbons, n-alkanes
Subsection: OPTICS OF CLUSTERS, AEROSOLS, AND HYDROSOLES
The annual behavior of concentration of an organic component of the atmospheric aerosol which is selected from a board of the Tu-134 “Optic” airplane-laboratory in the atmospheric layer of 500-8500 m is investigated. It is revealed that the greatest concentration of the organic components as a part of the aerosol is observed in spring, the smallest, in the fall. As a part of aerosol particles compounds from C
8H
18 to C
35H
72 are found. The range is widest during the winter period (C
12H
26-C
35H
72) and in spring (C
8H
18-C
31H
64). In the summer (C
18H
38-C
33H
68) and in the fall (C
16H
34-C
31H
64) it is noticeably narrower. During the whole year as a part of an aerosol one mode (n-alkane C
20H
42) dominates. During the summer period there is a secondary maximum, falling on the n-alkane C
29H
60.
a:2:{s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"TEXT";s:4:"TEXT";s:37:"V.V. Veretennikov, S.S. Men’shchikova";}
V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634021, Russia
Keywords: аэрозольная оптическая толщина, микроструктура аэрозоля, обратные задачи, aerosol optical depth, aerosol microstructure, inverse problem
Subsection: OPTICS OF CLUSTERS, AEROSOLS, AND HYDROSOLES
The influence of the upper limit λ
max of the spectral range, in which atmospheric transmission measurements are performed, on retrieving aerosol microstructure parameters is investigated. Aerosol microstructure parameters are determined by solving the inverse sun photometry problem using data of numerical simulation and field experiments. The aerosol model formed by fine (
f ) and coarse (
c ) particle fractions is used in the numerical experiment. The value of λ
max is chosen in the range from 1.052 to 3.973 mm. The method of integral distributions is used for solving the inverse problem. It is shown that the contribution of large particles to the total aerosol distribution is underestimated. In particular, at λ
max = 1.246 μm, the losses in the retrieval of concentration of
c-particle fraction can achieve 42% against the 18% decrease in the aerosol volume concentration.
E.G. Kablukova1, B.A. Kargin1,2, A.A. Lisenko3,4, G.G. Matvienko3,4 1Institute of Computational Mathematics and Mathematical Geophysics of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, 6, Ac. Lavrentieva ave., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia 2Novosibirsk State University, 2, Pirogova Str., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia 3V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634021, Russia 4National Research Tomsk State University, 36, Lenin Avenue, Tomsk, 634050,Russia
Keywords: спектр размеров облачных капель, терагерцовое излучение, дистанционное зондирование, поляризация, метод Монте-Карло, локальная оценка, cloud droplet size distribution, terahertz radiation, remote sensing, polarization, Monte Carlo method, local estimate
The results of numerical statistical simulations of experiments of the cloud layer ground-based sensing by the terahertz linearly polarized radiation at few wavelengths from the atmospheric transparency windows are presented in the paper. Liquid droplet size distributions, summarized results of many years field measurements in the midlatitudes of the Earth and the distributions obtained by aircraft experiments off Great Britain coast are used in the scattering layer models. The models of the scattering medium take into account the vertical stratification of the water vapor concentration in the atmosphere and the differences in the cloud layer microstructure at the top and base.
I.N. Smalikho, V.A. Banakh, A.V. Falits, Yu.A. Rudi
V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634021, Russia
Keywords: когерентный доплеровский лидар, акустический анемометр, ветер, турбулентность, coherent Doppler lidar, sonic anemometer, wind, turbulence
Possibility of determination of the turbulent energy dissipation rate from data measured by a 1.5-μm pulsed coherent Doppler lidar using the conical scanning of the probing beam under different atmospheric conditions has been studied experimentally. It is shown that from array of the radial velocities measured by this lidar in the atmospheric surface layer during 5 min one can estimate the dissipation rate with the relative error 20-30% under conditions of moderate and strong wind turbulence.
Dynamics of the air temperature in the lower 4 km layer have been studied by the data of radio-sounding in Dolgoprudny and ground meteorological measurements at Moscow University in time of anomalous heat wave in summer of 2010. The results have been compared with the aero-climatic data during previous 19 years. Accordingly to these data average estimations of both the daily vertical thermal gradient values, thickness, and intensity of nocturnal surface inversions (correspondingly, 200-300 m and 2.0°С) are presented for Moscow region. As it shown, in summer of 2010 in the air layer up to 2 km height over Moscow record high air temperature was noted for the period from at least 1991. Among others, the 30°С value has been detected for the first time in the air layer from 400 to 800 m. During heat wave in 2010, as a result of clear anticyclone conditions, thickness, and intensity of nocturnal surface inversions were larger than usually (up to 700 m and 12°С correspondingly). The mean temperature profiles have been studied for different types of air masses. As it shown, the tropical air mass dominated over Moscow region in summer of 2010 during more than half of the time.
V.V. Zuev1,2, N.E. Zueva1, E.M. Korotkova1 1Institute of Monitoring of Climatic and Ecological Systems of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 634055, Tomsk, 10/3, Academichesky ave. 2National Research Tomsk State University, 36, Lenin Avenue, Tomsk, 634050,Russia
Keywords: УФ-В-радиация, спектр биологического действия, озоносфера, общее содержание озона, корреляционный анализ, UV-B radiation, biologically active spectra, ozonosphere, total ozone, correlation analysis
The paper represents the results of the correlation analysis of observation series of total ozone and ultraviolet radiation in 300-315 nm wavelength band for temperate zone stations of Russia and Canada (Northern hemisphere, 50 N and higher) in the boreal forest zones. It is shown that the ozonosphere is the primary modulator of the biologically active UV-B radiation spectrum part in this climatic zone. Radiation amplification factors of solar UV-B spectral region are determined. It is demonstrated that 20% of total ozone depletion leads to the increase of the dose of the shortwave part of solar UV-B radiation more than twice relative to its climatic norm.
V.A. Korolkov, A.E. Telminov, A.A. Tikhomirov
Institute of Monitoring of Climatic and Ecological Systems of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 634055, Tomsk, 10/3, Academichesky ave.
Keywords: ультразвуковые термоанемометры, портативный комплект для поверки технических параметров УЗТА, аэродинамическая труба, ultrasonic thermoanemometers, mobile complex for UTA technical parameters check, air tunnel
Metrological support for production and exploitation of ultrasonic (anemometers/thermometers) thermoanemometers (UTA) for measurement of meteorological parameters of the atmospheric boundary layer is considered in this article. Necessary types of UTA test: in zero wind chamber, air tunnel, climatic chamber, pressure chamber are represented. Parameters of the air tunnel ADS-60, which was created in IMCES SB RAS, are described. ADS-60 is designed for testing UTA against rules of Russian Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring for wind velocity. Mobile complex of check technical parameters of UTA in field conditions is represented.
L.V. Antoshkin, V.V. Lavrinov, L.N. Lavrinova
V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634021, Russia
Keywords: волновой фронт, алгоритм управления, гибкое зеркало, wave front, control algorithm, flexible mirror
In order to reduce the effect of time delay on the work of the adaptive system as a dynamic feedback system, a modern approach to the correction of turbulent distortions of optical radiation involves the use of new control algorithms for correcting mirror using prediction of phase distortion. Here the results of numerical simulation are presented.
V.O. Troitskii
V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634021, Russia
Keywords: генерация второй гармоники, одноосный нелинейный кристалл, скрещенные цилиндрические линзы, оптимальная фокусировка, second harmonics generation, uniaxial nonlinear crystal, crossed cylindrical lenses, optimal focusing
Subsection: OPTICAL SOURCES AND RECEIVERS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES
The problem of second harmonics generation (SHG) of monochromatic spatially coherent paraxial radiation in homogeneous quadratic nonlinear uniaxial crystals is considered theoretically. It is assumed that the laser radiation is focused into a crystal by two crossed cylindrical lenses with different focal lengths. The aim of this study is to find dependences of optical focusing parameters on the primary radiation power. The work consists of two parts. Part 1 describes the mathematical apparatus required for the study. It is suggested to transform a set of nonlinear wave equations to a form, more convenient for further use. Some important particular cases are considered. An asymptotically exact analytical solution of the SHG problem is presented.
V.O. Troitskii
V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634021, Russia
Keywords: генерация второй гармоники, одноосный нелинейный кристалл, скрещенные цилиндрические линзы, оптимальная фокусировка, second harmonics generation, uniaxial nonlinear crystal, crossed cylindrical lenses, optimal focusing
Subsection: OPTICAL SOURCES AND RECEIVERS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES
The problem of second harmonics generation (SHG) of monochromatic spatially coherent paraxial radiation in homogeneous quadratic nonlinear uniaxial crystals is considered theoretically. It is assumed that the laser radiation is focused into a crystal by two crossed cylindrical lenses with different focal lengths. The aim of this study is to find dependences of optical focusing parameters on the primary radiation power. The work consists of two parts. Part 2 presents main results of numerical calculations. It is shown that optimal focusing parameters first vary insignificantly as the primary radiation power increases. Then, beginning from a certain power value, which depends on the initial conditions of the problem, the SHG efficiency maximum becomes attainable at weaker and weaker focusing, and the value of the efficiency maximum monotone increases, probably tending to a value close to 100% under an infinite increase in the power.
November 13, 2015 was the 100th anniversary of Nikolay Alekseevich Zheltukhin, corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Lenin Prize winner, a famous specialist in the field of thermal engineering, hydrodynamic stability, gas dynamics, and high-velocity aerodynamics.
Models of promising reentry vehicles, experimental equipment, and test program are described. The method used to determine the total aerodynamic characteristics of these models on the AB-313 mechanical balance in the T-313 supersonic wind tunnel and the method used for simulations are presented. The aerodynamic coefficients of the examined objects in wide ranges of Mach numbers and angles of attack are obtained. The experimental data are compared with the results of simulations.
The results of the numerical investigation of flow regimes in the axisymmetric inlets of internal compression at a supersonic flow around them are presented in the work. The main attention is paid to the determination of the ranges of the duct geometric convergence, in which a supersonic inflow in the inlet realizes. The investigation has been carried out at high supersonic freestream velocities corresponding to the Mach numbers М = 2-8 by the example of the frontal conical (funnel-shaped) inlets with the angles of the internal cone wall inclination δw = 7.5-15° under the variation of the relative area of the throat cross section. The flow structure alteration was studied and the critical relative areas of the inlet throat were determined, at which either there is no starting of the inlet in the process of flow steadying at the initial subsonic flow in it or a flow breakdown occurs in the process of flow steadying at an initial supersonic inflow. Numerical computations of the axisymmetric flow were done on the basis of the solution of the Navier–Stokes equations and the k-ω SST turbulence model.
Based on full unsteady compressible Navier–Stokes equations a direct numerical simulation of the linear and nonlinear stages of the laminar-turbulent transition in boundary layer of a flate plate at the freestream Mach number M = 2 is carried out.
Results of life firing tests of a dual-mode ramjet engine intended for operation in the speed range М = 3-6 are discussed. The tests were carried out on a test bench under freestream conditions typical of Mach 6 flight at 27.6-km altitude. In the tests, the adopted design and technological solutions were verified, and efficient operation of the ramjet engine with kerosene combustion during 110 s was demonstrated.
Measured data on the filtration velocity of air in highly porous cellular materials under conditions of high filtration velocities and reduced air densities are reported. The viscosity and inertia coefficients entering the quadratic dependence of pressure gradient as a function of filtration velocity in porous materials for various flow conditions in the pores are evaluated.
The intensification of the fragmentation and vaporization of liquid droplets in two-phase flows with the gas stagnation temperature Тg= 800-2500 K is an important scientific and technological problem. One should note that despite a high practical importance the mechanism of the vaporization of droplets with their preliminary gas-dynamic fragmentation in high-enthalpy flows has been studied insufficiently completely and requires additional research. The paper presents a mathematical model and the results of the computations of the fragmentation and vaporization of liquid droplets in subsonic and supersonic flows with a high stagnation temperature. A comparison of the obtained data with the experiments of other authors has been done. The extension of the regions of the gas-dynamic fragmentation and droplet vaporization in flow ducts with a variable distribution of parameters has been estimated. The found peculiarities may be used at the design of energy installations of the promising samples of the aerospace technology and gas-dynamic pipes.
