K.I. Arshinov1, O.N. Krapivnaya1, V.V. Nevdakh2 1Institute of Technical Acoustics, Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Vitebsk, Belarus, Belarus, 210023, Vitebsk, prosp. Lyudnikova, 13 2Belarusian National Technical University, Belarus, 220013, Minsk, ul. Ya. Kolasa, 13
Keywords: колебательно-неравновесная газовая среда, молекулы СО2 , многочастотная диагностика, населенности колебательных уровней, поступательная температура газа, vibrational nonequilibrium gas media, CO2 molecules, multifrequency probing, level population, gas temperature
Subsection: SPECTROSCOPY OF AMBIENT MEDIUM
The technique for the multifrequency laser diagnostics of a vibrational nonequilibrium gas media containing CO2 molecules with the use of the unsaturated gains at the lines of the 0001-[1000, 0200]I, II and 0002-[1001, 0201]I, II transitions is presented. The influences of accuracy of gain measurements and a number of sensed lines on the accuracy of the level population and temperature determination are studied.
T.Yu. Chesnokova1, A.V. Chentsov1, K.M. Firsov2 1V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634021, Russia 2Volgograd State University, 100, prospect Universitetsky, Volgograd, 400062, Russia
Keywords: атмосферный радиационный перенос, содержание водяного пара, спектроскопические банки данных, atmospheric radiative transfer, water vapor content, spectroscopic databanks
Subsection: SPECTROSCOPY OF AMBIENT MEDIUM
The results of modeling of atmospheric absorption spectra of solar radiation in spectral intervals, where measurement of H2O content can be carried out, are presented. A comparison with the measured atmospheric solar spectra is made. Water vapor total content in vertical atmospheric column is retrieved from the measured atmospheric spectra with the use of different spectroscopic databanks of H2O absorption lines for various meteorological conditions and solar zenith angles.
a:2:{s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"TEXT";s:4:"TEXT";s:37:"V.V. Veretennikov, S.S. Men’shchikova";}
V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634021, Russia
Keywords: аэрозольная оптическая толщина, микроструктура аэрозоля, обратные задачи, aerosol optical depth, aerosol microstructure, inverse problem
Subsection: OPTICS OF CLUSTERS, AEROSOLS, AND HYDROSOLES
Special features of determining the aerosol microstructure from spectral measurements of the aerosol optical depth (AOD) caused by low information content of solution for large particles are considered. Such conditions are observed when sizes of aerosol particles are much larger than the measurement wavelength. We propose the AOD inversion algorithm based on a hybrid model of the aerosol microstructure. The model includes the description of the disperse aerosol composition in the informative range of particle sizes based on the integral distribution function supplemented with a parametric representation of the microstructure of large particles. The efficiency of the algorithm is studied by numerical simulation. Results of testing the algorithm for inversion of the field experiment data are shown; they demonstrate the feasibility of retrieving the microstructural parameters of the coarse aerosol fraction when the upper limit of the spectral range decreases from 4 to 1.56 μm.
D.V. Apeksimov1, S.S. Golik2,3, A.A. Zemlyanov1, A.N. Iglakova1, A.M. Kabanov1, O.I. Kuchinskaya1,4, G.G. Matvienko1,4, V.K. Oshlakov1, A.V. Petrov1, E.B. Sokolova1 1V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634021, Russia 2Institute of Automation and Control Prosesses Far Easten Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 5 Radio Street, Vladivostok, 690041 3Far Eastern Federal University, 8, Suhanova St., Vladivostok, 690950, Russia 4National Research Tomsk State University, 36, Lenin Avenue, Tomsk, 634050,Russia
Keywords: лазерное излучение, фемтосекундный импульс, самофокусировка, множественная филаментация, стекло, вода, laser radiation, femtosecond pulse, self-focusing, multiple filamentation, glass, water
Subsection: NONLINEAR OPTICS
Results of experimental investigation of spatial characteristics of the region of multiple filamentstion of giga- and terawatt pulses of Ti:Sapphire laser in the glass and water are presented. The pulse power dependences of the coordinates of the filamentation region, the number of filaments, their distribution along the axis of the laser beam, and the mean length of the filaments on the impulse power are presented. It is shown that the spatial characteristics of filamentation region are qualitatively similar for water and glass. It is found that the number of filaments along the region of multiple filamentation has a unimodal distribution. When increasing the radiation power, the length of individual filaments in the field of multiple filamentation is reduced, and the diameter has a quasi-constant value at all values of power, implemented in the experiments. The filamentation region, when reaching a certain power laser pulses with a Gaussian distribution of energy density, takes the form of a hollow cone with the apex directed to the source of radiation.
V. Kan
A.M. Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, Pyzhevsky per., 3, 119017, Moscow, Russia
Keywords: спутниковое зондирование атмосферы, переменная анизотропия неоднородностей плотности, мерцания звезд, спектры слабых мерцаний, space-borne sounding of atmosphere, variable anisotropy of density irregularities, stellar scintillations, spectra of week scintillations
The properties of stellar scintillations are studied in occultation experiment for synchronous sounding of the atmosphere at different wavelengths. The scintillation auto- and coherence spectra are calculated for the model of three-dimensional (3D) spectrum of atmospheric irregularities with the variable anisotropy. In the calculations, we used the dependency of anisotropy coefficient on irregularity scale derived from chromatic stellar scintillation measurements by fast GOMOS (Global Ozone Monitoring by Occultation of Stars) photometers during tangential occultations. Calculations are performed in approximations of the equivalent phase screen and weak scintillations. The regime of weak scintillations for low-orbit satellites corresponds to altitudes of ray perigee above 25-30 km. A comparison of scintillation spectra for models of 3D spectrum of atmospheric irregularities with the variable and constant anisotropy is performed and joint characteristics and peculiarities are noted.
V.A. Korshunov, D.S. Zubachev
a:2:{s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"HTML";s:4:"TEXT";s:178:"Russian Federal Service on Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring Research and Production Association «Typhoon», 4, Pobeda str., Obninsk, Kaluga Region, 249038 Russia";}
Keywords: лидар, гравитационные волны, средняя атмосфера, вейлет-анализ, lidar, gravity waves, middle atmosphere, wavelet analysis
The vertical profiles of temperature of middle atmosphere (30-60 km) are derived from data of lidar sensing at 355 and 532 nm wavelengths using a modified Rayleigh method. Temperature disturbances on the background of average profiles are extracted using a smoothing spline. The vertical profiles of the potential energy density of gravity waves are calculated immediately on the basis of temperature fluctuations. The special parameters of wave disturbances, including local power spectra of temperature fluctuations, potential energy, vertical phase velocity, and period for separate wavelengths are determined using the continuous wavelet analysis. The software developed enables one to find characteristics of the wave disturbances localized in time and separated on the wavelength scale (wave packets). Results of lidar measurements carried out at Obninsk are presented.
V.V. Rostovtseva
P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, 36, Nakhimovski prospect, Moscow, Russia, 117997
Keywords: спектры коэффициента яркости моря, поглощение и рассеяние света морской водой, приустьевая акватория Черного моря, концентрации основных природных примесей - фитопланктона, растворенной органики («желтого вещества») и взвеси, spectra of the seawater surface radiance coefficient, sea water absorption and scattering, river mouth aquatorium of the Black Sea, main sea water admixture concentrations - phytoplankton pigments, dissolved organic matter (“yellow substance”), and suspended matter
An original method for calibration of spectra of the seawater surface radiance coefficient measured from board a moving ship with a three-channel optical spectrophotometer is proposed. The method is based on some peculiarities of pure sea water absorption. By this method application, the spectra of the sea water absorption can be obtained. Some results of processing of measurements in the aquatorium of the Russian Black Sea coast at river mouths are given. The efficiency of the calibration method application for radiance spectra measured under the impact of considerable cloudiness and wind is demonstrated. After the absorption spectra were obtained, the concentrations of the main natural seawater admixtures were estimated and compared with the direct measurements of water samples. It is shown that the developed method of sea water content estimation, which includes remote sensing of sea radiance coefficient from board a ship, calibration method with sea water absorption spectra determination, and estimation of the main sea water admixtures concentration, can be used for investigation of shelf and inland sea aquatoria because it does not imply any correlation between phytoplankton, dissolved organic matter (“yellow substance”), and suspended matter concentrations.
The results of a joint study of spatial heterogeneity and accuracy of retrieving temperature profiles in the atmospheric boundary layer over Moscow are analyzed. Measurements at three sites allowed estimating the spatial variability of thermal stratification in the megalopolis. The impact of local features of the observation sites on the retrieval error at all altitudes is shown. To reduce this impact, the retrieving of temperature lapse rate is suggested. Comparison of temperature gradients showed a decrease in the effect of local features in the range from 100 to 300 meters. The reference mesh based on the statistical variability analysis of the vertical temperature gradients is proposed.
a:2:{s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"TEXT";s:4:"TEXT";s:56:"V.S. Komarov, G.G. Matvienko, S.N. Il’in, N.Ya. Lomakina";}
V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634021, Russia
Keywords: нижняя слоистообразная облачность, количество облачности, приземная температура воздуха, тренды, Сибирский регион, lower stratiform clouds, cloud amount, air temperature, trends, Siberian region
The paper presents the analysis of the influence of the lower stratiform clouds (Sc, St, Ns) on long-term changes in surface temperature, performed for Siberia using the results of zoning of the territory according to cloudiness conditions. It has been shown that there is a weakly marked increase in the amount of low stratiform clouds during all seasons in the last 45-year period (from 1969 to 2013), which is accompanied by a quite noticeable increase in the surface temperature, especially in the polar regions.
V.V. Zuev1,2, D.P. Nakhtigalova1,3, A.P. Shelekhov1, E.A. Shelekhova1, A.V. Pavlinsky1, N.A. Baranov4, L.I. Kizhner2 1Institute of Monitoring of Climatic and Ecological Systems of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 634055, Tomsk, 10/3, Academichesky ave. 2National Research Tomsk State University, 36, Lenin Avenue, Tomsk, 634050,Russia 3West Siberian Branch "Aviamettelekoma Roshydromet", 1, Deputatskaya, Novosibirsk, 630099, Russia 4Dorodnicyn Computing Centre of RAS, 40,Vavilov st., 119333, Moscow, Russia
Keywords: обледенение, профиль, температура, относительная влажность, температура точки росы, icing, profile, temperature, relative humidity, dew point temperature
The results of using the MTP-5PE meteorological temperature profiler for determining the spatial zones of potential aircraft icing in Tomsk airport on March 17, 2013, are presented. To determine the spatial zones the RAP-algorithm, the Godske method, and the AMIS-RF data to retrieve humidity profile were used. It is shown that the RAP-algorithm and the Godske method gave similar results on location of spatial zones of potential aircraft icing. However, the results obtained from the RAP-algorithm are closer to the actual icing reports received from the aircraft crews.
A.I. Fedorov1, D.V. Shiyanov1,2 1V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634021, Russia 2National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 30, Lenin Avenue, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
Keywords: CuBr-laser, средняя мощность излучения, низкая частота, режим сдвоенных импульсов накачки, импульсы диссоциации и накачки, удельная энергия, кпд лазера, CuBr laser, average output power, low frequency, double-pulsed excitation, dissociation and pumping pulse, energy density, laser efficiency
Subsection: OPTICAL SOURCES AND RECEIVERS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES
A CuBr laser with a small active volume operating with a double-pulsed excitation and 50 Hz pulse repetition rate is studied. The possibilities of increasing efficiency of the laser by optimizing parameters of the excitation pulse and its agreement with the impedance of the plasma active medium formed by dissociating pulse is shown. It is shown that to improve the efficiency of the laser it is necessary to choose the optimal mode of energy input into the plasma. This is achieved by impedance matching of pump sources with the plasma, which was carried out by selection of the optimum voltage excitation pulse and the time delay with respect to the dissociating pulse. The maximum efficiency of 1.5% for the laser excitation pulse with time delay of 150 ms, and the specific energy of dissociating pulse of 26 mJ/cm
3, and the exciting pulse of 0.2 mJ/cm
3 is obtained.
I.A. Belyakova1, Yu.N. Ponomarev2, A.N. Baykov1, O.Yu. Nikiforova2, K.Yu. Osipov2 1Siberian State Medical University, 2, Moscow highway, Tomsk region, Tomsk, 634050 2V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634021, Russia
Keywords: зрительный стимул, время реакции, импульсная ИК-подсветка, visual stimulus, discrimination reaction time, pulsed infrared illumination
Subsection: RADIATION AND BIOSPHERE
The influence of subthreshold infrared pulse illumination on discrimination reaction time was investigated when recognizing geometric shapes on the screen.
M. V. KURLENYA, V. E. MIRENKOV, A. A. KRASNOVSKY
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnyi pr. 4, Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
Keywords: выработка, порода, большая глубина, физические эффекты, модуль Юнга, граничные условия, аналитическое решение, система сингулярных интегральных уравнений, excavation, rock, great depth, physical effects, Young modulus, boundary conditions, analytical solution, singular integral equations system
Deep-level mining needs extra data on physical behavior of rocks at great depths (under high stresses). Without such data, any computations for deep-level technologies based on analogy with shallow-depth technologies are non-diagnostic. Elastic moduli of rocks may depend on the accumulated plastic deformation and their reduction is considerable in the known tests of metals. It seems interesting to study the influence of this property of rocks on distribution of residual stresses and displacements. Elastic transformation of an excavation after drivage (relief of stresses) largely affects surrounding rock mass and results in origination of a transition layer around the excavation. A local drop of deformation energy takes place in the surrounding rocks, which reduces stress concentration. The problem is studied based on an analytical solution obtained for a deep round excavation subjected to constant value compressive stresses at infinity and a solution taking into account the Young modulus. The article offers an algorithm for geomechanical condition of tocks and determines ranges for stresses and displacements in the zone of influence of excavation. Examples of calculations are given, and the results are discussed.
G. N. LOGINOV1,2,3, S. V. YASKEVICH1,2, A. A. DUCHKOV1,2,3, A. S. SERDYUKOV1,2,3 1Novosibirsk State University, ul. Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia 2Trofimuk Institute of Oil and Gas Geology and Geophysics Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Akademika Koptyuga 3, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia 3Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnyi pr. 54, Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
Keywords: микросейсмический мониторинг, система сбора данных, обратная кинематическая задача, локация гипоцентров, microseismic monitoring, data acquisition system, inverse kinematic problem, hypocenter positioning
The article discusses optimization of microseismic monitoring in hard mineral mining. A procedure has been developed to estimate accuracy of positioning of seismic event hypocenters. The advantage of combination observation system with distributed underground receiving antennas and additional sensors installed at a distance from a productive seam plane is illustrated. The obtained results are important for optimizing observation systems and improving efficiency of microseismic monitoring in hard mineral mining.
S. V. KLISHIN, A. F. REVUZHENKO
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnyi pr. 54, Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
Keywords: континуальная модель, сплошная среда, гранулированный материал, напряженное состояние, дилатансия, метод дискретных элементов, численный анализ, continuum model, continuum medium, granular material, stress state, dilatancy, discrete element method, numerical analysis
Based on DEM, the problem on uniform shearing of granular material specimen is considered, the shape of the particles was chosen to be spherical, with assigned distribution per radii. At interfaces of the particles, dry friction and viscosity were taken into account. Loading was implemented as simple and broken trajectory shearing. The load trajectory was broken by means of sudden change in the shearing direction. It has been found that in this case, dilatancy rate and angle between axes of stress tensors and strain rates change jump-wise. The discrete medium shows the properties of the continuum model of granular material with internal friction and dilatancy. The authors discuss a criterion of the continuum model to be equivalent to the initial discrete model. Applicability of the numerical results to the continuum modeling of deformation is demonstrated.
A. A. BIZYAEV, G. E. YAKOVITSKAYA
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnyi pr. 54, Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
Keywords: горные выработки, разрушение, электромагнитное излучение, регистрация, приборы, диагностика, mine workings, failure, electromagnetic emission, recording, instrumentation, diagnosis
The article reports electromagnetic emission (EME) measurements in rocks using REMI-2 equipment and recording-diagnosing system RDS REMI-3 developed jointly at the Institute of Mining and Novosibirsk State Technical University. REMI-2 measures EME signal strength and displays the results digitally. RDS REMI-3 is advantageous over earlier designed equipment as it downloads measurement data in the embedded memory. The EME records are displayed as oscillograms to enable detecting initial stage of rock failure based on analysis of change in structure, parameters and spectrum-and-time behavior of EME signals.
B. F. SIMONOV1, S. A. KHARITONOV2, A. V. SAPSALEV2 1Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnyi pr. 54, Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia 2Novosibirsk State Technical University, pr. K. Marksa 20, Novosibirsk, 630073 Russia
Keywords: синхронный генератор, постоянные магниты, переменная частота вращения, стабилизация напряжения, регулировочная характеристика, synchronous generator, permanent magnets, variable rotation frequency, voltage stabilization, regulating characteristic
Under consideration is feasibility of voltage stabilization in permanent-magnet synchronous generator with variable frequency in self-contained systems of power supply. The method of stabilization is based on varying frequency of rotation of generator shaft. The authors have derived analytical expression for regulating characteristics and determined required ranges for rotation frequency variation at preset parameters of generator and loading. The symmetry conditions are found for a regulating characteristic relative to rotation frequency change.
V. A. CHANTURIA, A. A. LAVRINENKO, L. M. SARKISOVA, T. A. IVANOVA, N. I. GLUKHOVA, E. A. SHRADER, I. V. KUNILOVA
Research Institute of Comprehensive Exploitation of Mineral Resources-IPKON Russian Academy of Sciences, Kryukovskii tupik 4, Moscow, 11120 Russia
Keywords: Медно-никелевая руда, пирротин, пентландит, платиновая чернь, фосфорсодержащие сульфгидрильные собиратели, диизобутилдитиофосфинат натрия, флотация, электродный потенциал, гидрофобность поверхности, адсорбция, copper-nickel ore, pyrrhotine, pentlandite, platinum black, sulfhydryl phosphorus-containing collectors, sodium di-isobutyl dithiophosphinate, flotation, electrode potential, surface hydrophobicity, adsorption
The analysis involves influence of sulfhydryl phosphorus-containing collectors (SPC) on flotation of copper-nickel ore bearing metals from platinum group. Efficiency of SPC and butyl xanthate combination is illustrated, and their optimal ratio is determined. The authors study influence of the test agents on electrode potential and hydrophobic behavior of pyrrhotine, pentlandite and platinum black. UV and IR spectrophotometry has shown origination of disulfide di-isobutyl dithiophosphinate on the surface of pyrrhotine.
M. V. RYAZANTSEVA, I. ZH. BUNIN
Research Institute of Comprehensive Exploitation of Mineral Resources-IPKON Russian Academy of Sciences, Kryukovskii tupik 4, Moscow, 11120 Russia
Keywords: кальцит, флюорит, шеелит, наносекундные электромагнитные импульсы, индикаторный метод, кислотно-основные свойства, поверхность твердого тела, calcite, fluorite, scheelite, nano-second electromagnetic pulses, indicator method, acid-base properties, solid surface
With acid-base indicators, the change in functional composition of surface of calcite, fluorite and scheelite under the action of high-voltage nano-second pulses has been analyzed. After impulse treatment of mineral samples for
t ≤ 50 s, the concentration of electron-donor Lewis (рКа = - 4.4) and proton-donor (рКа = 1.3, рКа = 4.1) Brønsted centers has grown on the surface of calcite. It is shown in the article that basic transformations of fluorite and scheelite surface under pulse treatment are connected with mutual transformations of Lewis bases and Brønsted acids.
a:2:{s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"HTML";s:4:"TEXT";s:84:"S. A. KONDRAT’EV1, N. P. MOSHKIN2, E. A. BURDAKOVA1";} 1Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnyi pr. 54, Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia 2Lavrentiev Institute of Hydrodynamics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Akademika Lavrentieva 15, Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
Keywords: флотация, сульфиды, физическая и химическая форма сорбции, минеральная частица, мениск, критическая толщина прослойки, селективность, flotation, sulfides, physical and chemical adsorptions, mineral particle, meniscus, critical film thickness, selectivity
The authors evaluate the ratio of activities exhibited by physical and chemical adsorptions of an agent on sulfide minerals. The following assumptions are made: 1) the main kinetic restriction for flotation contact (particle-bubble interaction) is the film between mineral particle and air bubble; 2) water is removed from the film by both physical and chemical adsorptions; 3) the water volume removed by physical adsorption is conditioned by the difference in the volumes of water in the films bounded by meniscuses with advancing angle Θ
A and receding angle Θ
R and neck radius
R. The water volume removed under the action of surface forces (hydrophobic, dispersive) was disregarded as the agent attachment was low dense and mosaic. The article reports experimental data on limit values of static advancing and receding angles on the surface of some sulfide metals. It is shown that selectivity of flotation of sulfides depends on the ratio of water volumes removed from the film by desorbable physical adsorption and non-desorbable chemical adsorption types of agents. The proposed method of selectivity estimation is suitable for minerals with similar (close) properties of the surface when stabilizing ion-electrostatic interaction between minerals and air bubbles is absent or insignificant. The calculation results may be of use to optimizing collecting ability of physically adsorbed low-polar or desorbable derivants of ionized agent with intent to improve selectivity of separation of sulfide minerals.
G. R. BOCHKAREV, K. A. KOVALENKO, G. I. PUSHKAREVA
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnyi pr. 54, Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
Keywords: марганцевая руда, медь, кинетика сорбции, изотерма сорбции, manganese ore, copper, adsorption kinetics, adsorption isotherm
The authors have analyzed copper adsorption at manganese ore from Porozhinsky province. The results allow a hypothesis on the mechanisms of adsorption kinetics: adsorption rate is limited both by diffusion processes and by chemical interaction. The analysis of adsorption isotherm and its mathematical processing show that copper exhibits strong affinity toward manganese ore surface; the Langmuir equation describes the copper adsorption equilibrium with high correlation factor. The Gibbs energy has negative value.
T. S. YUSUPOV1, F. KH. URAKAEV1, V. P. ISUPOV2 1Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Akademika Lavrentieva 3, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia 2Institute of Chemistry of Solid and Mechanochemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Kutateladze 18, Novosibirsk, 630128 Russia
Keywords: минерал, тонкое измельчение, дефектообразование, аморфизация, растворимость, флотируемость, поверхностно-активные вещества, mineral, fine grinding, defect formation, amorphization, dissolvability, floatability, surfactants
There is sufficient experimental database thus far collected on structural and chemical changes in minerals with different types of chemical bonding under activation grinding. The research has shown the possibility to predict specifics of grinding and defect formation in minerals with different types of chemical bonding. The article shows that type and number of defects formed on the surface of minerals govern important processing properties of the minerals such as capacities to be hydrated, dissolved, floated etc.
V. P. POTAPOV1, V. N. OPARIN2, O. L. GINIYATULLINA1, I. E. KHARLAMPENKOV1 1Institute of Computational Technologie Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Rukavishnikova 21, Kemerovo, 650025 Russia 2Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnyi pr. 54, Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
Keywords: геомеханико-геодинамическая безопасность, угледобывающие районы Кузбасса, геоинформационные технологии, web-сервисы, облачные хостинги, миграция сейсмособытий, обработка сейсмологических бюллетеней, geomechanical and geodynamic safety, coal mining areas in Kuzbass, geoinformation technologies, web-services, cloud hostings, seismic event migration, seismic report processing
Subsection: GEOINFORMATION SCIENCE
The authors offer a new approach to processing seismological reports using Voronoi diagrams to detect clustered dynamic events in an area exposed to high production loading, implemented as a cloud service in the framework of geomechnical-geodynamic safety system of Kuzbass. The cloud service allows pre-processing of array of seismic events prior to computation of migration trajectories of reduced seismic energy release centers according to Oparin, which greatly improves computation accuracy. The article reports the results of seismicity assessment for the Kemerovo Region using the chain of services “Voronoi diagram-migration trajectories of reduced seismic energy release centers”.
T. V. SHILOVA, S. V. SERDYUKOV
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnyi pr. 54, Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
Keywords: угольный пласт, дегазационная скважина, направленный гидроразрыв, непроницаемый экран, предотвращение подсосов воздуха, давление разрыва, скважинное оборудование, coal bed, degassing well, directional hydraulic fracturing, impermeable screen, air leak-in prevention, fracturing pressure, well equipment
The article considers the method of recovering structural integrity of operating degassing wells without outage and the scheme of cross-wise hydraulic fracturing in well bottom zone using mechanical anchor. Advantages of the scheme with anchor are discussed as against directional fracturing with a slot initiator. The technical solutions on protection of methane drainage zone from air leaks from underground excavations are presented.
V. V. TIMONIN, A. S. KONDRATENKO
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnyi pr. 54, Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
Keywords: скважинные горные технологии, геофизические исследования скважин, система транспорти-рования оборудования в горизонтальных скважинах, пневмоударное устройство, drilling technologies, geophysical borehole investigations, equipment haulage system for horizontal boreholes, pneumatic percussion device
Results of design and analysis of system for haulage of equipment in uncased boreholes drilled from underground excavations are reported. A thruster is a pneumatic percussion device. The optimal parameters of the haulage system operation in various conditions are determined. Using mathematical description of movement of thruster in well, the authors derive relations for the thruster velocity as a function of various initial data.
SH. N. ZHURAKULOV, M. G. LEVKOVICH and V. I. VINOGRADOVA
Yunusov Institute of Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Ul. Mirzo Ulugbek 77, Tashkent 100170 (Uzbekistan)
Keywords: дигидрокверцетин, 6, 7-диметокситетрагидроизохинолин, сальсолидин, формалин, Salsola richteri, реакция Манниха, dihydroquercetin, 6, 7-dimethoxytetrahydroisoquinoline, salsolidine, formalin, Salsola richteri, Mannich reaction
6,7-Dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline was synthesized according to Pictet-Spengler reaction from homoveratrylamine and formaldehyde. Alkaloid salsolidine was extracted from the plant species
Salsola richteri Karel. Heterocyclic monosubstituted conjugates of dihydroquercetin (DHQ) were synthesized through the interaction of DHQ with 6,7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline and salcolidine according to Mannich reaction. Electrophilic substitution proceeds only at the 6th position of DHQ; the formation of other products was not observed. The synthesis of derivatives was carried out in isopropanol at a temperature within 20-25 °C and the ratio of DHQ/isoquinoline/formalin = 1 : 1 : 1.
B. N. KUZNETSOV1,2, N. V. CHESNOKOV1,2, YU. L. MIKHLIN1, S. I. TSYGANOVA1, N. M. MIKOVA1, N. V. GARYNTSEVA1 and N. M. IVANCHENKO1
a:2:{s:4:"TEXT";s:255:"1Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok, 50-24, Krasnoyarsk 660036 (Russia) 2Siberian Federal University, Prospekt Svobodny 79, Krasnoyarsk 660041 (Россия)";s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"html";}
Keywords: древесина березы, делигнификация, микрокристаллическая целлюлоза, пиролиз, пористый углеродный материал, выход, строение, birch wood, delignification, microcrystalline cellulose, pyrolysis, porous carbon material, yield, structure
Optimal conditions were chosen for obtaining microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) by means of birch wood delignification by hydrogen peroxide in the presence of sulphuric catalyst for the purpose of obtaining MCC with low lignin and hemicellulose content. The evolution of MCC into porous carbon materials (PCM) during pyrolysis within temperature range 200-800 °C was studied by means of IR spectroscopy, XPA, DTA-DSC, XPES, SEM and elemental analysis. It was established that depending on the final pyrolysis temperature and heating rate, the yield and specific surface of solid pyrolysis products vary within the range 97.3-18.3 mass % and 1-473 m2/g, respectively. The most substantial loss of MCC mass is observed within pyrolysis temperature range 300-400 °С. An increase in heating rate during MCC pyrolysis causes a decrease in PCM yield and promotes the development of its porous structure. With pyrolysis temperature range of 400-500 °С, MCC undergoes only paprtial carbonization, while solid products are present in the form of carbon fibres and cellulose clews.
The work was devoted to studying the content of hemoglobin complexes, the level of energy-rich compounds, their relationship with the viscoelastic parameters of red blood cells in patients with resistant hypertension to identify possible pathogenetic features of the disease. Analysis of the processes have carried out on the basis of the methods of Raman spectroscopy (Raman), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and the method of Dielectrophoresis of erythrocytes (DEF) in a Non-Uniform Alternating Electric Field - effective, sensitive, non-destructive methods of investigation of different environments, proven in studies biological objects. Studies conducted in erythrocytes groups of subjects with arterial hypertension, including - resistant (42 people) and a comparison group (23 persons). The observed reduction in reserves of nitric oxide inside red blood cells, reducing its bioavailability associated with changes in the level and composition of intracellular energy compounds, viscoelastic parameters of red blood cells are probably one of the pathogenetic factors for the development of resistant hypertension and target for therapeutic intervention.
The aim of research: the studying of blood lipid spectrum, C-reactive protein concentration, and free circulating mitochondrial DNA changes in the course of aorta atherosclerosis development in early steps of high-cholesterol diet in experiment. Material and methods. Dyslipidemia was induced by high-cholesterol diet in rabbits “Chinchilla”. The C-reactive protein level and lipid spectrum was analyzed with Beckman synhron 4 multianalyzer (Beckman coulter, USA). The mitochondrial DNA level was registered by real-time PCR. The ultra structure of aorta surface was studied by scanning electron microscopy. Results. It was shown that in the blood of experimental animals is formed the Beckman imbalance of atherogenic and antiatherogenic cholesterol fractions (on 2 days of dyslipidemia) and iselevated the C-reactive protein level (on the 8 days). Concurrently, on the 16 days of study, we registered the leucocyte adhesion on the aorta surface in the areas of connections with arteria, which could be focuses of atherosclerotic plaque development. The level of free circulating mitochondrial DNA showed the tendency to 3-fold elevation in comparing with control. However, this data predetermined the prospects of blood plasma mitochondrial DNA level studying on the more late stages of dyslipidemia. Conclusion. In the whole, the detected complex of biochemical disturbances of blood and ultrastructural changes of aorta surface in the course of early steps of high-cholesterol diet maybe prospective model of early events of atherosclerosis for pre-clinical translational research in the development of new technologies for diagnostics, prophylaxis, and treatment of lipid metabolism disturbances and atherosclerosis.
Study aim: To investigate an association of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) gene polymorphisms with the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). Materials and Methods: We recruited 702 consecutive Russian patients with CAD and 300 healthy blood donors who were residents of Western Siberia (Kemerovo Region). We investigated eight polymorphisms within four genes: TLR1 (rs5743551, rs5743611), TLR2 (rs3804099, rs5743708), TLR4 (rs4986790, rs4986791), and TLR6 (rs3775073, rs5743810). Sample genotyping was performed in 96-well format using the TaqMan SNP genotyping assay. Results: C/C genotype of rs5743551 polymorphism and C/G genotype of rs5743611 polymorphism within TLR1 gene along with T/C genotype of rs3775073 polymorphism and A/G genotype of rs5743810 polymorphism within TLR6 gene were associated with a high risk of coronary artery disease (OR = 0.41 (95 % CI = 0.20-0.84), OR = 1.56, 95 % CI = 1.04-2.34, OR = 1.68, 95 % CI = 1.03-2.73, and OR = 1.55 (95 % CI = 1.12-2.14, р < 0,05, respectively) independently of age and gender. Conclusions: certain Toll-like receptor gene polymorphisms are associated with the risk of CAD.
S.V. Shishkin1, S.V. Mustafina1, S.K. Malyutina1, M. Bobak2, G.I. Simonova1, L.V. Shcherbakova1, Yu.I. Ragino1, M.I. Voevoda1
a:2:{s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"HTML";s:4:"TEXT";s:218:"1FSBSI «Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine», 630089, Novosibirsk, Boris Bogatkov str., 175/1 2Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK";}
Keywords: метаболический синдром, когнитивная функция, компоненты метаболического синдрома, metabolic syndrome, cognitive function, the components of the metabolic syndrome
Objective: To investigate the association of metabolic syndrome (MS) and its individual components with indicators of cognitive function (CF) in a population sample of older people in Western Siberia. Material and methods . The current analysis, conducted in the frame of project supported by RSF, used the data from the international project HAPIEE which recruited a random population sample of 9.360 men and women aged 45-69 years old resident in Novosibirsk. Immediate and delayed word recall and verbal fluency tests were used to assess cognitive functions in a random subsample ( n = 4765). Metabolic syndrome was based on measurements of blood pressure, anthropometry, blood lipids and blood glucose levels. Results . After adjustment for age, sex and education, the mean immediate word recall and verbal fluence were significantly lower in subjects with MS than in persons without MS ( p < 0.05); the difference in delayed recall was not significant ( p > 0.05). Cognitive functions were significantly inversely associated with presence of all individual components of MS. Conclusion . This large study in general population of middle aged and older persons in a large industrial center of Western Siberia, we found a significant decline in cognitive functions associated with MS and its components.
The aim of the study was to compare the structure of atherosclerotic plaques visualized using MRI with cerebral vascular reactivity detected by ultrasound in patients with carotid atherosclerosis. Materials and methods. The patients′ population comprised 21 persons (mean age 64 ± 13) with hemodynamically significant carotid artery stenosis for over 70 % of lumen. All patients underwent MR imaging of the carotid arteries. To assess the cerebrovascular reactivity transcranial ultrasound of middle cerebral artery was done and blood flow parameters were determined during the stress tests: test with breath holding and hyperventilation. Results and discussion. It was found that at test with breath holding there is a statistically significant association between MRI plaque structure and direction of the reaction ( p = 0.081), whereas at the test with hyperventilation no significant differences were found. At tests with breath holding in 56 % patients with MR images of plaque hypointense on T1-weighted scans and hyperintense on T2-weighted ones unidirectional positive response was observed; unidirectional negative response or multidirectional response were observed in patients with MR images of plaque hyperintense on T1-weighted scans and hypointense on T2-weighted ones. Conclusion. Atherosclerotic lesions of the internal carotid artery with intra-plaque hemorrhage are accompanied by critical deterioration of cerebrovascular reactivity. Thus, every hemorrhage to carotid plaque is critical risk factor and requires removal of the plaque by carotid endarterectomy. Such study may be suggested as a screening test in all patients of risk groups of atherosclerosis.
Objective: To evaluate the serum concentrations of the three markers of lysosomal hydrolases (cathepsin D, acid phosphatase (AP) and acid DNAse (aDNAase) in men with coronary heart disease (CHD), depending on the levels of testosterone (T), estradiol (E2) and age, examine their association with anthropometric, insulin-glucose parameters of lipid and non-lipid biomarkers of atherosclerosis. The study included 161 women aged 35-65 years, myocardial infarction (MI) is not less than 30 days before the survey. The median age was 53.1 years (25 % 75 % percentage: 40.1 and 59.4 years). The patients were divided into age groups: 35-55 years and 56-65 years (first and second groups, respectively), as well as in groups by levels of sex hormones: T> and ≤ 12 nmol / l and ≥ E2 and <0.194 nmol / l at twofold determination. The results of a comparative analysis and correlation in males 35-55 years of normal T and E2 levels were associated with higher serum concentrations of lysosomal enzymes than those with androdefitsitom and giperestrogeniey and at an older age, on the contrary, androdefitsit and hyperestrogenia lysosomal enzymes accompanied labilization of lysosomal enzymes. In men, CHD patients first age group according to the multivariate analysis three studied lysosomal enzyme inversely dependent on E2 ( p < 0.001) and a number of pro-atherogenic parameters including total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), hip circumference (ON), body mass index (BMI), interleukin (IL) -1β ( p < 0.001-0.01), and in 56-65 years a direct impact on the levels of sex steroids lysosomal hydrolases missing, cathepsin D and EC is directly determined by the lipid, non-lipid markers of atherogenesis (TG, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), malondialdehyde (MDA-30), waist circumference (WC), the index of HOMA-R, p < 0.001-0.05) and back high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol ( p < 0.001). Acid DNase in both age groups dependent on the parameters involved in the insulin-glucose homeostasis (BMI, ON, TG, index HOMA-R, p < 0.001-0.05), which may reflect a key role in endonuclease accelerated catabolism activatable for various violations of carbohydrate metabolism, up to programmed cell death. Such dynamics of the three markers of lysosomal enzymes demonstrates the different contributions to the development of lysosomal cytotoxicity of CHD in men in the age groups 35-55 and 56-65 years
Aim. To study endothelial function in patients with metabolic syndrome in thepresence or absence of coronary artery disease. Material and methods. Research included 82 male patients with existence of a metabolic syndrome aged from 39 to 72 years. Patients were divided into 2 groups after verification of the diagnosis. Group 1 ( n = 40) patients without symptoms of coronary atherosclerosis made, group 2 ( n = 42) - patients with existence of a coronary atherosclerosis. Results. At patients with a metabolic syndrome and existence of an ischemic heart disease it is reliable above such markers of an inflammation bsCRP, IL-6, TFN-α, selectin and reliable there is lower than a level of cardioprotective protein of an apelin. Conclusion. Definition of early predictors of coronary heart disease can significantly influence the individual program of treatment of the patient further.
Aim. To study some features of metabolism (total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides), blood pressure (BP), the clinical course of gallstone disease (GSD) and the quality of life (QoL) in women with GSD in combination with arterial hypertension (AH). Materials and methods. During open clinical study were examined 152 patients aged 30-60 years: 55 women with GSD and AH (group 1), 50 women with GSD without AH (group 2) and 47 women with AH without GSD (group 3). Patients of three groups were matched for age, BMI, frequency of comorbid cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus type 2 ( p > 0.05). QoL was assessed by questionnaire MOS SF-36. Results. Patients of group 1 noticed pain in the right upper quadrant and dyspeptic symptoms more frequently, as compared to group 2 ( p < 0.05). Patients of group 1 showed higher values of the average sistolic blood pressure (148.4±2.6 vs. 140.1±2.8 mmHg) and diastolic blood pressure (92.0±1.3 vs. 84.9±1.5 mmHg), an increased frequency of hyper-TChol (89.1 vs. 72.3 %, p < 0.05) and hyper-LDL >3.0 mmol/l (90.9 vs. 74.5 %, p < 0.05) compared to group 3. Reducing the QoL in group 1 compared to group 3 was recorded at 4 scales and compared to group 2 - at 5 scales of 8 of questionnaire MOS SF-36 ( p < 0.05). Conclusion. Gastroenterological symptoms, lipids level and blood pressure, as well as QoL, were worse in comorbided patients with GSD and AH, compared to patients with isolated pathologies.
Lipid and metabolic risk factors for chronic noninfectious diseases for Yakuts with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and metabolic syndrome (MS) assessment work was carried out. A cross-sectional study of 140 patients with GERD was done. Depending on the MS availability and ethnicity, patients were divided into 3 groups. The main group included 50 Yakut nationality patients with GERD and MS. The comparison group I consisted of 50 Yakuts with GERD and without MS, the comparison group II consisted of 40 Russian GERD and MS. Preliminary verification of the diagnosis of GERD was done according to the Mayo Clinic and the Montreal Consensus (2006). The components of MS were determined on the basis of the recommendations of the All-Russian Scientific Society of Cardiology from 2009. Statistical processing and analysis of data was performed using the package IBM SPSS Statistics 19. Pair comparison was performed using the Mann-Whitney test. To assess the association of clinical symptoms of GERD with components of MS was used binary logistic regression method with forced inclusion of predictors. Analysis of lipid metabolic risk factors for chronic noninfectious diseases for Yakuts with gastroesophageal reflux disease and metabolic syndrome showed that sistolic and diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides and the atherosclerotic index in patients with GERD and MS are characterized by high rates during normal value high density lipoprotein cholesterol. Triglyceride levels in Yakuts with MS are above recommended values, but at the same time as compared to the same period at the Russian MS were significantly lower. Assessment of the relationship of clinical symptoms of GERD with the criteria of MS in people of Yakut nationality showed the contribution of components of MS, especially abdominal obesity, high blood pressure and triglycerides, in the development of dyspeptic symptoms (bloating, heaviness in the epigastric), esophageal (epigastric burning) and extraesophageal symptoms (nocturnal cough) of GERD .
Motivation and Aim: Demonstration of the possibility of lipid metabolism regulation by joint action of several antisense oligonucleotide derivatives (ASOs) targeted to mRNAs of closely associated proteins involved in lipid metabolism. Material and Methods: Female mice of the C57BL/6J strain; 13- and 20-mer oligonucleotide derivatives (ASOs) protected from nucleases by the presence of internucleotide thiophosphate bonds and locked nucleic acid (LNA) fragments at their 5’- and 3’- ends; conventional methods of assaying blood serum ALT, total cholesterol, TG, apolipoprotein apoB and lipoproteins: LDL-C, HDL-C. Results: Solutions of ASOs in isotonic solution were prepared in combinations: (1) anti-apoB; (2) anti-apoB + anti-PCSK9; (3) anti-apoB + anti-PCSK9 + anti-apoCIII. Four injections to the tail veins of C57BL/6J mice were done. After three injections of combination (3), done at weekly intervals, the LDL-C level decreased by 25 % with reference to the control, and the HDL-C/LDL-C ratio improved by 42 %. After subsequent injection of the ASOs accompanied by change to high-fat diet, mice exposed to combinations (2) and (3) showed lower LDL-C levels, by factors of 1.5 and 3.5 with reference to the control, and their HDL-C/LDL-C ratios were better two- and fivefold, respectively. In cases of combinations (2) and (3), a significant decrease in TG concentration was recorded, twofold in case of (3). These effects were observed at threefold fat content in the diet. The ALT level decreased significantly with transition from combination (1) to (3), i.e., when the liver experienced heavier load of oligonucleotide matter, which indicates to the absence of hepatotoxicity. Conclusions: The possibility of efficient regulatory joint action of several ASOs targeted to mRNAs of associated proteins is demonstrated by the example of lipid metabolism.
The review summarizes current notions on the role of apoptosis and apoptotic cell-derived extracellular vesicles in atherogenesis. The mechanisms of efferocytosis impairment and its significance in atherosclerotic vulnerable plaque formation are discussed. The data on the pro- and anti-inflammatory effects of apoptotic extracellular vesicular particles are presented.
The stiffness of the arteries is an integral indicator of the state of the vascular wall, so this indicator is widely used in cardiology practice. Recently, a novel marker of arterial stiffness - cardio-ankle vascular index (СЛСИ), independent of blood pressure levels, making it more accurate and convenient for the dynamic assessment of patients. Although СЛСИ indicator is more often used in screening for and to assess cardiovascular risk, perhaps its use in patients with existing cardiovascular disease. This review focuses on the possibilities of using the СЛСИ in patients with atherosclerosis of various localization, especially in patients with stable coronary heart disease and disorders of cerebral circulation.
