I.A. Vasilenko, O.V. Naumenko, K.V. Kalinin, A.D. Bykov
V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634021, Russia
Keywords: дейтерозамещенные изотопологи водяного пара, колебательно-вращательные спектры, моделирование уровней энергии, эффективный вращательный гамильтониан, deuterium substituted isotopologues of water vapor, vibration-rotation spectra, modeling of the energy levels, the effective rotational Hamiltonian
Subsection: SPECTROSCOPY OF AMBIENT MEDIUM
Modeling of the rotation-vibration energy levels of the first and second triads as well as the first and second hexads of the D218O, HD18O, D217O, and HD17O molecules is performed based of the Watson-type Hamiltonian and the rotation operator written through the Padé-Borel approximants. Rotational, centrifugal distortion and resonance constants as well as mixing coefficients of the resulting wave functions are determined. The scheme of resonance interactions is established. The predictive ability of the effective Hamiltonian parameters obtained is examined in the far extrapolation on rotational quantum numbers.
V.A. Banakh, A.A. Sukharev
V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634021, Russia
Keywords: турель, ударная волна, средняя интенсивность, фокусировка оптического излучения, turret, shock wave, mean intensity, focusing of optical radiation
Subsection: OPTICS OF STOCHASTICALLY-HETEROGENEOUS MEDIA
Results of calculation of the mean intensity of an optical beam crossing a shock wave arising at the supersonic flowing the turret at the beginning of a path in a homogeneous medium are present. It is shown that the spatial inhomogeneity of the refractive index of air in the area occupied by a shock wave can cause strong anisotropic distortions of a beam intersecting a shock wave. The distortions leads to focusing and fragmentation of a beam at relatively small distances from the turret and its quick degradation during further propagation.
The structure of air turbulent motion inside closed volumes (without exchange of internal and external medium through the borders) over inhomogeneously heated underlying surfaces is studied by numerical solution of boundary value problems for hydrodynamics equations (Navier-Stokes). The solitary large vortices (coherent structures, topological solitons) are observed over an inhomogeneously heated surface. Number of vortices and its internal structure depend on the form and size of heated inhomogenities. In the case of simple forms of heating (homogeneous heating, heated single round spot), the coherent turbulence resulting from the decay of coherent vortices is observed inside a closed volume. For complex forms of heating (thermal diversity, dapple, motley), the toroidal vortices are noticeably deformed. The vortices can be extended along the surface and can have the spiral (helix) streamlines. The vortices are noticeably mixed during the evolution process. It leads to Kolmogorov (incoherent) turbulence. Our experimental data obtained earlier inside dome rooms of astronomical telescopes confirm our numerical simulations.
G.I. Gorchako1v1, V.M. Kopeikin1, A.V. Karpov1, A.A. Titov2, D.V. Buntov1, G.A. Kuznetsov1, R.A. Gushchin2, O.I. Dazenko2, G.A. Kurbatov3, A.O. Seregin2, A.V. Sokolov1 1A.M. Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, Pyzhevsky per., 3, 119017, Moscow, Russia 2Moscow State University of Information Technologies, Radio Engineering and Electronics, prospect. Vernadskogo, 78, 119454, Moscow, Russia 3Lomonosov Moscow State University, GSP-1, Leninskie Gory, 1/2, Moscow, 119991, Russia
Keywords: опустынивание, ветропесчаный поток, нелинейные процессы, сальтация, электрический ток сальтации, удельный заряд, эмпирические функции распределения, спектры мощности флуктуаций, desertification, wind sand flux, nonlinear processes, saltation, electric current of saltation, specific charge, empirical function distribution, fluctuation power spectra
Subsection: OPTICS OF CLUSTERS, AEROSOLS, AND HYDROSOLES
First the specific charge probability distribution of the saltating sand over the desertified area has been obtained. The specific charge of the saltating sand was varied between 10 and 150 mC/kg (at the average 48.5 mC/kg) according to the measurement data in Kalmykia over the desertified area. An original setup has been designed whereby the synchronous measurements of the saltating sand concentrations and electric current fluctuations and also the turbulent pulsations of the wind velocity have been carried out over the desertified area in Kalmykia. First transformation pecularities determined by nonlinear processes in the wind sand flux of the statistical characteristics from the wind velocity to the sand grain concentration and further to the electric current of the saltation have been established. In particular, empirical function distributions and fluctuation power spectra were analyzed.
The method of solving the light scattering problem in the backscattering direction within the framework of physical optics approximation has been considered. The recommendations on preliminary estimate of the contribution geometrical optics beams to the backward direction that can reduce the number of the beams for the calculation has been given. Presented empirical estimates and the guidelines for choosing the optimal step of numerical integration can significantly reduce the resource consumption of the physical optics method. The results of the solutions of the light scattering problem are available free in the form of a data bank of the Mueller matrices.
Results of experiments on controlling the position and length of the filamentation zone of femtosecond laser pulses at atmospheric paths 150 m long using different initial spatial focusing and defocusing are presented. The distribution of filaments along the filamentation zone is found, the dependences of the length of the filamentation zone on the numerical aperture of the beam, its initial radius, and pulse power are measured. Emission spectra of the illumination of targets of various materials, placed in the region of the filament far from the radiation source, are recorded.
Microwave (MW) radiometers are commonly used for monitoring precipitable water vapor (PWV) - the major atmospheric greenhouse gas. The quality and accuracy of the method is assessed in various measuring campaigns. In this study, we intercompare the results of PWV measurements performed with a ground-based MW radiometer RPG-HATPRO (at the Peterhof station of Saint Petersburg State University) and radiosounding data obtained at the Voeykovo station. The dataset includes more than 850 coincident measurements (at the day and at the nighttime) for the period between March 13, 2013 and May 31, 2014. The discrepancy of the both methods is caused by the errors of methods as well as by the spatial inhomogeneity of the fields of PWV in atmosphere. These mismatches can reach tens of percent, which must be taken into account in the intercomparison and validation of different methods for PWV retrieval. The exclusion of cases with significant moisture inhomogeneity allowed the reducing of mean errors and their standard deviation between two sets of measurements up to 3-4% and 12-14%, respectively.
V.E. Pavlov1, S.S. Orlov2, V.V. Pashnev2 1Institute for Water and Environmental Problems of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, 656038, Barnaul, 1, Molodezhnaya str. IWEP SB RAS 2Altai State University, 656015, Barnaul, 61, str. Lenina
Keywords: инфракрасная область спектра, оптические толщи рассеяния и поглощения, яркость неба, асимметрия аэрозольной индикатрисы рассеяния, infrared region, optical depth of scattering and absorption, sky brightness, asymmetry of aerosol scattering indicatrix
In the first part of the paper, we offer a methodological ground for determination of the surface albedo in the near infrared (NIR) region using the observations of the atmosphere spectral transparency and the brightness of day cloudless sky in the Sun almucantar. The contribution of the component describing the processes of light reflection into the brightness at different angular distances from the Sun is analyzed. The effect of aerosol absorption on brightness components used to determine the albedo is estimated. The effect of the zenith angle of the Sun and the elongation of aerosol scattering indicatrix on the final albedo calculation is revealed.
The article is devoted to the methodology of obtaining the spatial distributions of respirable fractions of aerosol in the atmosphere from multifrequency lidar sounding data without the use of additional optical and microphysical aerosol parameters on the path under study. For this purpose, it has been suggested to replace the spectral values of the aerosol extinction coefficient involved in lidar equations by the linearly independent parameters of their approximation, and retrieve the spatial distributions of these parameters from the numerical solution of the system of equations created from all spectral-temporal readings of lidar signals. As a result, the number of unknowns in the system of equations, which are solved, is significantly reduced, and its matrix becomes well-conditioned that can be used to select physically reasonable values of backscatter-extinction aerosol ratio at the operating lidar wavelengths. The assumption that there are two segments with the similar profiles of aerosol extinctions coefficients is used to determine the calibration constants of lidar. The algorithm for searching such segments from the spectral-temporal structure of lidar signal is suggested. The inverse problem of aerosol light scattering is solved on the basis of stable regression relations between the concentrations of respirable aerosol fractions and approximation parameters of its extinction spectrum. The tolerance of the technique developed to the calibration errors and the spatial variations in backscatter-extinction aerosol ratio is shown from numerical experiment on laser sounding of aerosol.
Laser fluorescence method of plant state detection is considered. Laboratory setup is described and analysis of plant fluorescence spectra excited at a wavelength of 532 nm are presented. It is shown that the measurement small series average of the fluorescence intensity ratio R at wavelengths of 685 and 740 nm is marked by high stability for different samples of a plant. Sum of confidential intervals of ratio R (for confidential probability 95%) in most cases is no more than difference of mean values of the ratio R for normal and stress states caused by various reasons.
A.V. Lavrinenko
V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634055, Russia
Keywords: двумерная динамико-стохастическая модель, алгоритм фильтра Калмана, связанные процессы, сверхкраткосрочный прогноз, two-dimensional dynamical-stochastic model, Kalman filter algorithm, related processes, short-term forecast
The two-dimensional dynamic-stochastic model based on the Kalman filter algorithm and method of its application for supershort-term, with a lead of 1 to 6 hours, forecast of meteorological fields in the case of related processes is considered. The results of the statistical evaluation of joint forecasting of fields of temperature and pressure measurements at meteorological stations Novosibirsk (code 29634) and Tomsk (code 29430) for 2014, carried out every 0.5 and 3 hours, respectively, are discussed. The comparison of the quality of the prediction of meteorological fields for the case-related processes and in the case of prediction of each field individually are carried out.
LDA and PIV techniques were used to study the decay of an axisymmetrical turbulent wake originated downstream an immobile disk in a water flume for Reynolds numbers Re = 1.5-2.4×105. Data were compared with experiments performed with a set of thermo-anemometers behind a disk in a wind tunnel at lower Reynolds numbers (Re = 1.3-2.6×104).
Observations for a new range of Reynolds number confirmed that the velocity distribution in the disk wake keeps self-similarity. The decay of a wake by the power law -2/3 in the presented experiments remains until the maximum deficit of velocity becomes comparable with the turbulent pulsation level in the free-stream (less than 2 %).
The gas dynamics of a supersonic radial jet was studied under conditions close to cold spraying. The jet visualization was performed for exhaustion into submerged space with atmospheric pressure and jet impingement to a target. For the cases of swirled and unswirled supersonic radial jets, the pressure profiles measured by a Pitot tube were taken for different distances from the nozzle outlet and for different widths of supersonic part δex = 0.5–2 mm and for prechamber pressure in the range p0 = 1–2.5 MPa.
In the present paper, we consider one of the most efficient and simple methods to additionally intensify the exchange processes and heat transfer in the separated flow behind a backward-facing step. The method uses small obstacles installed upstream the step; such obstacle act as turbulators smaller in size than the main obstacle. As the turbulators, solid mini ribs, comb ribbings, and wall-detached mini ribs were used. Intensification of the turbulent mixing process behind the main obstacle occurs due to the introduction of small-obstacle-induced 2D and 3D perturbations into the separated shear layer behind the step. Results of a detailed experimental study of the distributions of pressure and heat transfer for different heights of the small intensifier and its positions with respect to the step are reported. The influence of intensifier shape on the thermal and dynamic characteristics of the flow has been analyzed. The distributions of pressure and heat-transfer coefficients were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the various mini ob-stacles and the limits of their action on the drag and heat transfer.
A.V. Boiko1,2, A.V. Dovgal1, and A.M. Sorokin1,3 1 Khristianovich Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia 2 Tyumen State Oil-and-Gas University, Tyumen, Russia 3 Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
E-mail: boiko@itam.nsc.ru, dovgal@itam.nsc.ru, am_sorokin@ngs.ru
Keywords: laminar flow separation, separation control, hydrodynamic instability, temperature perturbation
Pages: 689–700
The flow in the separation region of laminar boundary layer behind a rectangular backward-facing step has been experimentally examined under temperature non-uniformity of the flow. The data were obtained in a subsonic wind tunnel at Reynolds numbers M << 1. The temperature disturbance was generated using a system of Peltier elements provided on the model surface upstream of the separation line. The effect of heating/cooling of the wall on the mean and fluctuating flow components was evaluated using hot-wire measurements. The experimental data were supplemented with calculations of linear-stability characteristics of model velocity profiles in the separated boundary layer. As a result, the response of the separated flow to a stationary thermal perturbation was revealed.
Results of an experimental investigation of the temperature field across the liquid-gas two-layer system are presented. The liquid layer is locally heated from the bottom substrate, and the intensive liquid evaporation is observed. A technique for measuring the temperature profile across the liquid and gas layers (including their interface) is developed. To do these measurements, the microthermocouple is moved across the layers with the help of precision micropositioner with a step of 1 µm. The temperature jump at the liquid-gas interface is measured, and its value increases with the temperature increase. Detailed information on the temperature field near the interface is obtained by using the precise thermocouple displacement with a small step.
An experimental study of transient cooling in liquid nitrogen of strongly overheated copper plate coated with a low thermoconductive coating with thickness δ from 0.09 to 0.67 mm was performed. It is shown that the low thermoconductive coating has a significant effect on the character of temperature curves and total time of plate cooling. It was revealed that the most significant decrease in the time of plate cooling by the factor of 2.6 is achieved for the thickness of the low thermoconducting layer of 0.09 mm as compared to the case without coating.
A. V. AZAROV, M. V. KURLENYA, A. V. PATUTIN, S. V. SERDYUKOV
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnyi pr. 54, Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
Keywords: направленный гидравлический разрыв, породный массив, скважина, устройство гидроразрыва, нормальная и касательная нагрузки, напряженное состояние, directional hydraulic fracturing, rock mass, well, hydraulic fracturing tool, shearing and normal load, stress state
The authors report the numerical modeling data on stress state of rock mass in the vicinity of hydraulic fracturing when two closely-spaced intervals of the well are subjected to shearing and normal load. The article shows applicability of such coupled loading in creation of fracture across an uncased well.
S. V. KLISHIN, A. F. REVUZHENKO
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnyi pr. 54, Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
Keywords: сыпучий материал, деформации, вихревое течение, численный анализ, метод дискретных элементов, granular material, deformation, vortex flow, numerical analysis, discrete element method
The authors study numerically a problem on vortex flows in bounded domain in granular material using discrete element method. The granular material is composed of spherical particles with the assigned distribution of radii. Dry friction and rolling resistance at particle interfaces are taken into account. The kinematic patterns of granular material specimen deformation are described, and the trajectories of some particles are shown. The article gives values of normal and shear stresses acting at the study domain boundaries from the side of the material.
A. A. KRAMADZHYAN, E. P. RUSIN, S. B. STAZHEVSKY, G. N. KHAN
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnyi pr. 54, Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
Keywords: раздробленная руда, бункер, напольный склад, подбункерный узел, пластинчатый питатель, вертикальные перегородки, пиковая нагрузка, ширина зоны течения, дилатансия, broken ore, bin, ground-level storage, under-bin discharge unit, plate feeder, vertical division walls, peak load, flow zone width, dilatancy
The authors use physical and DEM modeling to analyze stresses and strains in broken ore discharged from accumulating bins using plate feeder. It is substantiated that the determinant of the peak load on the feeder and the discharge unit is dilatancy. It is shown that the absolute value of the peak load is conditioned by physico-mechanical characteristics of discharged ore, structural design of discharge unit and deformation constraint. The article demonstrates possibility of upgrading one of conventional schemes of discharge unit and shows prospects for new designs.
A. M. BUDKOV1, G. G. KOCHARYAN1,2, A. A. OSTAPCHUK1, D. V. PAVLOV1 1Institute of Geosphere Dynamics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 38, Bld. 1, Moscow, 119334 Russia 2Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskii per. 9, Dolgoprudny, 141700 Russia
Keywords: техногенная сейсмичность, эффективность сейсмического излучения очагом, горно-тектонические удары, жесткость трещин, лабораторный и численный эксперимент, induced seismicity, seismic radiation efficiency, tectonic shocks, fracture stiffness, laboratory and numerical experiment
Variations in strength and stress state of rocks fail to explain the difference observed in efficiency of seismic radiation from separate sources within the limits of the same mine field. The laboratory and numerical experiments show that insignificant variation in ultimate strength of a fracture and, thus, different shear fracture stiffness results in radical change in the seismic event efficiency. The experimentally obtained relations between the key parameters should be taken into account in geomechanical modeling of full-scale objects.
L. A. NAZAROV1, L. A. NAZAROVA1, P. A. TSOI1, L. V. TSIBIZOV2 1Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnyi pr. 54, Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia 2Novosibirsk State University, ul. Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
Keywords: лабораторный эксперимент, породный образец, бразильский метод, спекл-фотография, деформация, нарушенность, корреляционный анализ, laboratory experiment, rock specimen, Brazilian Test, speckle-photography, deformation, damage, correlation analysis
Based on the integrated analysis of micro-strains obtained using speckle-photography method in Brazilian Test of rock specimens and analytically calculated elastic fields of stresses and strains, the authors show that there exist significant correlation dependences between the damage in a certain domain of a rock specimen and the level of the external load. Given a verified geomechanical model describing properly evolution of stresses in a rock specimen, this fact offers pre-requisites for estimation of damage in different areas of a rock specimen by monitoring condition only in one of such areas.
E. N. SHER, V. P. EFIMOV
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnyi pr. 54, Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
Keywords: трещина, удар, клин, твердое тело, горная порода, свободная поверхность, трехмерная постановка, теория упругости, эксперимент, fracture, blow, wedge, solid, rock, free surface, 3D problem formulation, elasticity theory, experiment
The authors have undertaken experimental and theoretical modeling of fracture growth under the penetration of rigid wedge in brittle rock. The test specimens were made of organic glass to facilitate measurement of size and shape of a fracture. The wedge loading was executed quasi-statically on a testing machine and dynamically by a drop wedge. The scheme developed in the framework of the theory of elasticity for the theoretical description of the fracture growth process accounts for the finite size of the wedge cutting point and the influence of free surface. The theoretical and experimental shapes of fractures are compared.
V. A. EREMENKO1, V. N. KARPOV2, V. V. TIMONIN2, N. G. BARNOV3, I. O. SHAKHTORIN2 1Research Institute for Comprehensive Exploitation of Mineral Resources-IPKON, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kryukovskii tupik 4, Moscow, 111020 Russia 2Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnyi pr. 54, Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia 3Institute of Mineralogy, Geochemistry and Crystal Chemistry of Rare Elements, ul. Veresaeva 15, Moscow, 121357 Russia
Keywords: система разработки, этажное обрушение, удельный расход ВВ, диаметр скважины, буровой станок, пневмоударник, высокое давление воздуха, компрессорные станции, буровые коронки, расширители скважин, скорость объемного бурения, mining system, block caving, powder factor, blasthole diameter, drilling rig, air hammer, high air pressure, compression plant, drill bits, reamers, volumetric drilling velocity
The authors have determined the causes of drop in performance of induced block caving using fans of blastholes 105 mm in diameter and single blastholes 250 mm in diameter, as well as the sources of increased drilling cost and expansion of start-up time of production blocks in Abakan underground mine. Alternatives of improvement in drilling efficiency under current conditions are discussed.
V. I. KLISHIN1, D. I. KOKOULIN2, B. KUBANYCHBEK2, S. E. ALEKSEEV2, I. O. SHAKHTORIN2 1Institute of Coal, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leningradskii pr. 10, Kemerovo, 650065 Russia 2Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnyi pr. 54, Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
Keywords: скважина, энергия удара, вращение, крепость пород, скорость бурения, погружной пневмоударник, drill hole, blow energy, rotation, rock hardness, drilling velocity, downhole air hammer
The article substantiates the need of designing a rotary-percussion drilling tool to drill holes 40-60 mm in diameter and to 50 m long. The drilling rig with a downhole air hammer has been designed and manufactured. The authors have carried out analytical and experimental research to determine drilling velocity in different rocks of varying hardness.
V. V. CHERVOV, A. V. CHERVOV
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnyi pr. 54, Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
Keywords: упругий клапан, контактная деформация, сжатый воздух, давление, упругая сила, угол контакта, поперечное сечение, elastic valve, contact deformation, compressed air, pressure, elastic forces, contact angle, cross-section
Under consideration is the principal diagram of a percussive tool with a ring-shape elastic valve installed in the air distribution system: the valve closes when contacting the housing and opens under action of elastic forces. The operability conditions and basic design parameters of the valve are determined. The authors characterize contact interaction between the ring-shape valve and the side slide surface when the valve is closing. The balance of forces affecting the ring-shape valve is shown.
N. A. POPOV, A. M. KRASYUK, E. YU. RUSSKY, I. V. LUGIN
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnyi pr. 54, Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
Keywords: осевой тоннельный вентилятор, прямой кольцевой диффузор, геометрические параметры вентилятора и лопаток, аэродинамические параметры вентилятора, инерционно-массовые характеристики колеса, динамика и прочность лопаток, axial tunnel fan, direct annular diffuser, fan and blades geometry, aerodynamic parameters, inertia and mass characteristics, impeller, blade dynamics and strength
The authors determine basic parameters for elements of axial tunnel fan VO-21(t) with direct annular diffuser. The algorithm is proposed for calculating aerodynamic parameters of the axial fan using ANSYS CFX program, which allows modeling, computation and analysis of effect exerted by various parameters of the fan air section on the fan aerodynamics. It is found that it is possible to reduce the fan impeller metal consumption and inertia moment by redistributing normal inertia force of blades from the boss to the disks. The admissible impeller velocity is related with the thickness of the impeller disks.
a:2:{s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"TEXT";s:4:"TEXT";s:62:"L. E. MAMET’EV, A. A. KHORESHOK, A. M. TSEKHIN, A. YU. BORISOV";}
, ul. Vesennyaya 28, Kemerovo, 650000 Russia
Keywords: забойный массив, проходческий комбайн, исполнительный орган, коронка, призма, узел крепления, дисковый инструмент, моделирование, напряженное состояние, face rocks, heading machine, tool, drill bit, prism, attachment, disk tool, modeling, stress state
The authors substantiate new engineering designs for selective heading machines and cutter-loaders fitted with screw-type cutters. It is proposed to use biconical and conical disc tools and their attachment units to polygonal prisms to equip both bits of heading machines and screw cutters of cutter-loaders to cut structurally heterogeneous rock mass. It is recommended to practise reverse-mode operation of universal radial-type drill bits fitted with disk tools mounted on triangular prisms with a view to widen the front of loading to be imposed on sidewalls. The presented data on modeling stress sate of disk tools and variants of their attachments to polygonal prisms show the mechanisms of loading of related parts in the course of rock cutting.
V. D. BARYSHNIKOV, L. N. GAKHOVA
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnyi pr. 54, Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
Keywords: слоевая камерно-целиковая система разработки, очистная заходка, напряжения, разрушения, room-and-pillar methd, entry stope, stresses, failure
Using numerical modeling of rock mass stress-strain state to estimate and predict stability of structural elements of a mining system in combination with the in situ observation data on deformation of rocks in sidewalls, roofs and floors of underground excavations, the authors perform geomechanical analysis of overcutting scenarios in top-down mining in Internatsionalny Mine, ALROSA. Various overcutting flow sheets are considered, and the optimal sequence of overcutting towards higher stability of stopes is determined.
a:2:{s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"HTML";s:4:"TEXT";s:52:"A. A. ORDIN1, A. A. METEL’KOV2";} 1Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnyi pr. 54, Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia 2Giprougol Ltd, ul. Trikotazhnaya 41a, Novosibirsk, 630015 Russia
Keywords: угольный пласт, длина лавы, очистной комбайн, скребковый конвейер, производительность, coal bed, production heading length, cutter-loader, scrape conveyor, production output
The article gives the analysis of basic mechanisms in variation of output of production heading versus its length in the cutter-loader and scrape conveyor system in underground mining of flat-lying coal beds. Based on the analysis of interaction between cutter-loader and scrape conveyor, the dependence between the maximum capacity of production heading and the longwall length is determined.
a:2:{s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"HTML";s:4:"TEXT";s:111:"M. V. RYL’NIKOVA1, L. I. MANEVICH2, V. A. EREMENKO1, V. V. SMIRNOV2";} 1Research Institute of Comprehensive Exploitation of Mineral Resources-IPKON, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kryukovskii tupik 4, Moscow, 111020 Russia 2Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Kosygina 4, Moscow, 119991 Russia
Keywords: энергия породного массива, энергетическая ловушка, колебания, резонанс, напряженно-деформи-рованное состояние, сейсмическая энергия динамических явлений, блок, орт, вибродоставочные погрузочные установки (ВДПУ), rock mass energy, energy trap, oscillations, resonance, stress-strain state, seismic energy of dynamic events, block, crosscut, vibro haul-and-load facilities
The authors investigate modes and parameters of mining operations with a view to create conditions for transmission of geotechnologically produced kinetic energy of rocks to electric generators. The features of application of energy harvesting equipment in underground mining of hard minerals are discussed. The low-frequency energy trap designed to entrap elastic energy of rock mass oscillations operates in a wide range of amplitudes and frequencies of rock mass vibration, and is composed of three nonlinear oscillators having preset mass and elastic characteristics.
I. V. SOKOLOV, A. A. SMIRNOV, YU. G. ANTIPIN, K. V. BARANOVSKY, A. A. ROJKOV
Institute of Mining, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Mamina-Sibiryaka 58, Ekaterinburg, 620219 Russia
Keywords: месторождение кварца, подземная технология, потери и разубоживание, комбинированная система разработки, буровзрывные работы, quartz deposit, underground technology, loss and dilution, combination mining system, drilling-and-blasting
The article presents the applied research on formation of science-and-technology basis for commercial introduction of a technology that ensures cardinal reduction in loss in underground mining at unique Kyshtym quartz deposit. Based on the theoretical analysis of the minimum loss criterion, the authors determine rational variants of combination mining system and quartz breaking pattern of planar charges for in situ experimentation.
O. V. TAILAKOV1,2, V. P. TATSIENKO1, A. N. KORMIN2, A. I. SMYSLOV2 1Gorbachev Kuzbass State Technical University, ul. Vesennyaya 28, Kemerovo, 650000 Russia 2Institute of Chemistry of Coal, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leningradskii pr. 10, Kemerovo, 650065 Russia
Keywords: газоносность угля, кернонаборник открытого типа, десорбция метана из угля, определение упущенного объема газа, угольная шахта, coal gas content, open-type core sampler, methane desorprion, lost methane volume estimation, coal mine
Currently coal is extracted from highly gaseous beds using preliminary degassing. To estimate efficiency of measures aimed to reduce residual gas content of coal beds, an original approach is offered based on measuring methane content of coal samples taken directly in mine using deep horizontal holes. The authors describe the purpose-designed core sampler and the methane drainage efficiency estimates obtained using the core sampler.
A. P. TAPSIEV, V. A. USKOV
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnyi pr. 54, Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
Keywords: слоевая камерно-целиковая система разработки, очистная заходка, напряжения, разрушения, room-and-pillar mining, entry stope, stresses, failure
The article sets methodological basis for selecting support for preparatory drives in copper-nickel ore mining by Transpolar Division of Norilsk Nickel. The authors present a case study of selecting support for preparatory drive in the influence zone of top-down multi-slice breast stoping.
V. A. SOLOMENNIKOV, V. I. CHESKIDOV
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnyi pr. 54, Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
Keywords: открытые горные работы, экскаваторно-автомобильные комплексы, блочные модели, алгоритм Лерча - Гроссмана, область применения, open-cut mining, truck-and-shovel systems, block model, Lerchs-Grossman algorithm, application domain
In focus is selection of load-haul-dump machines for hard mineral mines. The authors offer substantiation procedures for tuck-and-shovel systems of mining in difficult ground conditions. In terms of Kyrgaisky Sredni open-cut located in the Erunakovo coal district in Kuzbass, using the Lerchs-Grossman algorithm, the principles and sequence of forming efficient application domains for different specification trucks and shovels within a mine field are presented.
N. V. GONCHAROVA
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnyi pr. 54, Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
Keywords: геоинформационная система, цифровое моделирование, сложноструктурные угольные месторождения, качество углей, GeoInformation System, digital modeling, complex structure coal deposits, coal quality
The procedure is proposed for structuring complex coal deposits with respect to quality indexes obtained using ArcGIS with a view to substantiate rational trends in mineral use. The article reports the research on assorting Elginsk black coal reserves in South Yakutia based on volatile content, plastic layer thickness, coal grades, process groups and subgroups.
a:2:{s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"HTML";s:4:"TEXT";s:117:"V. A. CHANTURIA1, G. P. DVOICHENKOVA1, O. E. KOVAL’CHUK2, A. S. TIMOFEEV1";} 1Research Institute of Comprehensive Exploitation of Mineral Resources-IPKON, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kryukovskii tupik 4, Moscow, 111020 Russia 2ALROSA Research and Exploration Company, Chernyshevskoe shosse 16, Mirny, 678174 Russia
Keywords: гидрофильность, минеральные образования, нанообразования, алмаз, спектроскопия, примеси, hydrophilic behavior, mineral formations, nano formations, diamond, spectroscopy, admixtures
The article presents new test results on structural and chemical properties of mineral formations on the surface of natural hydrophilic diamonds using Raman, X-ray phase and Auger spectroscopy methods. Analysis of morphological features of nano formations involved scanning electron microscope Jeol-5610 and analyzer INCA. Based on the studies into phase composition of diamonds non-recovered in the circuit of kimberlite ore processing, two types of mineral formations are discovered on their surface: micro-formations as silicate nature globules less than 1 µm in size and silicate nano films more than 5 nm thick. The tests detect also presence of layered talcose silicates that make diamond surface hydrophilic.
T. S. YUSUPOV1, I. I. BAKSHEEVA2, V. I. ROSTOVSTEV2 1Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Akademika Koptyuga 3, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia 2Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnyi pr. 54, Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
Keywords: руда, минеральные ассоциации, измельчение, дезинтегратор, виброизмельчение, шаровая мельница, содержание, извлечение, концентрат, шламы, скорость соударения, ore, mineral associations, milling, disintegrator, vibrating milling, ball mill, content, recovery, concentrate, slime, collision velocity
The authors have tested effect of type and energy of mechanical impact on selectivity of spodumene ore breakage in a disintegrator and in vibratory and ball mills in terms of pegmatite with lithium content of 0.1%. It is shown that the highest efficiency of mineral dissociation is achieved in disintegration by free impact. Analysis of grain-size distribution and chemical composition and the X-ray study also reveal advantage of the disintegration process, which allows higher content and recovery of lithium in concentrate at reduced sliming.
T. N. ALEKSANDROVA1, A. V. ALEKSANDROV2, N. V. NIKOLAEVA1, A. O. ROMASHEV1 1National Mineral Resources University-Mining University, V.O. 21-ya liniya 2, Saint-Petersburg, 199106 Russia 2Institute of Mining, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Turgeneva 51, Khabarovsk, 680000 Russia
Keywords: каустобилиты, углеродистое вещество, сорбционное выщелачивание, флотация, магнитное обогащение, стратегические металлы, caustobioliths, carbonic substance, sorption leaching, flotation, magnetic concentration, strategic metals
Under discussion is recoverability of noble and rare metals from caustobioliths (shale, natural bitumen, etc.). The presented mineralogical and technological analyses of samples show higher content of valuable microelements in some of them. All tested samples contain various rank carbon. Depending on the type of the raw material, the research follows one of three lines: stage-wise diagnostic sorption leaching, flotation with pre-milling in amino acetic acid and magnetic concentration. Based on the examination of scattered carbon substance in caustobioliths, it is supposed that concentrations of metals are asphaltene fractions of bitumoids (bitumen-like substance). The research results show prospect of using this nonconventional coal-bearing raw material as a source of noble and rare metals.
