Home – Home – Jornals – Journal of Applied Mechanics and Technical Physics 2015 number 5

Results of a detailed study of a gas-discharge He-Ne laser with a wavelength of 1.52 μm for telecommunications systems are reported. Some important parameters of the laser are measured, such as the laser beam divergence (M2), the laser power as a function of temperature, laser power stability, noise characteristics of laser radiation, etc. A possibility of laser microminiaturization is mentioned, which is of interest for its application under conditions of intense electromagnetic interference.

A simulation model for laser diode modulation by multichannel 64-QAM and 256-QAM TV signals is developed. The signal/noise (S/N) ratio is used as a criterion for evaluating the quality of TV signals. The effect of nonlinearity of the light-current characteristic on the S/N ratio is studied. Simulation results are presented in the form of a dependence of the maximum number of transmitted channels on the optical modulation depth with certain requirements for S/N. The simulation model is implemented in the object-oriented programming language Delphi 7.

This paper presents the results of experimental studies on quantum key distribution in optical fiber using superconducting detectors. Key generation was obtained on an experimental setup based on a self-compensation optical circuit with an optical fiber length of 101.1 km. It was first shown that photon polarization encoding can be used for quantum key distribution in optical fiber over a distance in excess of 300 km.

This paper presents the results of experimental studies of active mode-locking in an external-cavity semiconductor laser. Two methods of obtaining active mode-locking regimes have been studied: by modulation from an external generator with a frequency close to the intermode frequency of the external laser cavity and by laser current modulation at the frequency of intermode beats of the external laser cavity through an amplification feedback loop. In the first case, a stability of intermode beats of 10 ^-14 is experimentally achieved, and in the second case, it is shown that semiconductor laser current modulation by an amplified intermode beat signal from the output of a photodetector provides a stable mode-locking regime also with mode frequency tuning, i.e., a mode-locking regime involving intermode frequency tuning with optical cavity tuning. The effects that accompany mode locking, in particular, the pulling effect and the stability of the mode-locking regime, and possibility of obtaining highly stable intermode beats by suppressing the amplitude noise component in the modulating signal have been studied. A phenomenological study of the pulling and phase locking of the intermode frequency is attempted.

The shape of the diffractive structure of a deflecting kinoform element designed for focusing high-power laser beams with a wavelength of 10.6 μm is studied. Formulas are derived for calculating light losses induced by tilting of the incident beam, diffraction, and technological blurring of the steep slope of the structure. It is demonstrated that the height of the structure varies from the minimum to the maximum value depending on the azimuthal angle. It is found that light loss induced by shadowing due to oblique incidence of the beam is rather low (0.6-1.3%), and that caused by diffraction is smaller by an order of magnitude and can be neglected. The light losses induced by technological blurring of the slope and by deviation of the structure height from the design value (in the case of violation of the azimuthal dependence) can exceed 10%.

This paper presents the results of modeling the propagation of multichannel radiation under free diffraction conditions and discusses features inherent in this type of beams under these conditions. In addition, the effect of distortions arising in a turbulent atmosphere on radiation quality is considered, and the efficiency of adaptive compensation of atmospheric turbulence is analyzed.

Natural oscillations of a spherical interface between a gas and a liquid in a bubble are registered. A possibility of measuring the geometric parameters of stationary and moving particles of the disperse phase by a laser Doppler anemometer is demonstrated. A method for simultaneous determination of the size and velocity of a bubble or a droplet in a two-phase flow is developed. The mean sizes of a group of bubbles settled on a ruler are compared: the results are obtained by two independent methods, i.e., by analyzing the image and by processing the Doppler signal containing information about the natural oscillations of the spherical interface between the media. A possibility of using a laser Doppler anemometer for simultaneous measurements of the velocity and size of bubbles or droplets in a two-phase flow is confirmed.

Theoretical results on the energy evolution in ring and linear cavities of dissipative soliton fiber lasers are analyzed. The correctness of the theoretical results is confirmed by mathematical modeling.

A rapid method is proposed to evaluate the efficiency of excitation energy transfer between ytterbium and erbium ions from measured relative luminescence intensity in different spectral regions in an active fiber preform, taking into account the concentration of active ions and their spectroscopic constants.

This paper presents a method for calculating the cross-wind speed at the entrance aperture of an adaptive system from the coordinates of the energy centers of gravity of the focal spots measured by a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor. The range of applicability of the method are determined for data obtained in an experiment on an atmospheric path depending on the intensity of turbulent distortions and the optical parameters of the sensor.

The process of interactive modeling of geometric shapes defined by mathematical functions is studied. A method of interactive modeling of functionally defined objects without preliminary triangulation is proposed. This allows more accurate definition of three-dimensional shapes and simplifies the modeling system. A method adapted for graphic processing units is used for rapid visualization of objects.

The current status of the list of elements of uncooled infrared (IR) imaging arrays based on thermal insulation of their sensors and on accumulation of heat in the element volume during the time necessary for taking one frame is considered. Specific features of operation and the structure of resistive microbolometers and pyroelectric elements are described, as well as typical parameters of these elements. Prospects of improving the parameters of thermally insulated sensors of megapixel arrays are considered. It is noted that the main factor limiting further improvement of the parameters of pixels in IR imaging arrays and increasing the size of the latter is the value of the thermal resistance between the sensor and the substrate. At the modern level of technology development, the thermal resistance has actually reached the limiting value. Another physical principle of operation of IR detectors is required for a further increase in the sensitivity of sensors, a decrease in their response time, and an increase in the size of uncooled megapixel IR arrays; this principle should not include the necessity of thermal insulation of IR detectors. The operation principle based on using pyrotechnical effects will be considered in the second part of the paper.

An experimental method of fabrication of a sensor based on a metal-dielectric structure (Al + ZnS) and optimization of its characteristics is described. The coefficient of light reflection ( p -polarization) from the aluminum layer is studied as a function of the layer thickness for different angles of incidence at the wavelength of 532 nm. Based on calculations, which are qualitatively consistent with experimental results, a structure consisting of matched layers of aluminum and zinc sulfide is fabricated; this structure has a higher angular resolution than the aluminum film with no dielectric coating. The detection limit of angular measurements by the sensor based on this structure is estimated as 2.6 · 10 ^-5 RIU (refraction index units).

A method for calculating the distance characteristic of optoelectronic systems is proposed which provides increased accuracy in comparison with known techniques. Theoretical results are compared with experimental data.

Algorithms for improving the resolution of a sequence of images distorted by applicative noise manifested in the form of randomly shaped local regions of occlusion are synthesized and analyzed. The basis is the implementation of an optimal linear filtering algorithm in block form, which is synthesized with account for possible emergence of false observations in individual elements of the analyzed images. A method for incorporating the results of independent segmentation of each individual image into the recursive filtering process is proposed, which enhances the quality of the final processing.

This paper describes the structure and control algorithms of a controller of a high-voltage source with an output voltage of 60 kV and a power of up to 30 kW. The source is designed to be used as part of a power unit of an electron-beam welding device developed at the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (BINP SB RAS). High-quality welds require a stable electron beam energy. Herewith, a standard operation mode is quick and deep modulation of the electron current. The problem of achieving high-quality control and limiting the transient distortions of output voltage of the source is solved. The error of establishing and stabilizing the output voltage is 0.1%, which allows obtaining high-quality welding. Transient distortions at 100% modulation of the load current do not exceed the value of ±1%, which, along with fast reaction of the source to a load breakdown (energy released during breakdown is smaller than 15 J), protects the welded parts and elements of the gun from being damaged by an electron beam.

This paper describes the analysis of analog-digital converters operating in positional and nonpositional number systems. A new method for analog-digital conversion on the basis of the features of a modular number system is proposed.

A mathematical model of motion of solid particles withselective permeability and a mixture of moving gases is developedwith the use of averaging principles of mechanics of multiphase media.The derived system of quasi-linear partial differential equations isstudied for a particular one-dimensional isothermal case.

Interaction of a shock wave with a system of motionlessor relaxing particles is numerically simulated. Regimes of the gas flowaround these particles are described, and the influence of the initialparameters of the examined phenomenon on the flow pattern is analyzed.The drag coefficient of particles is calculated as a function of theMach number behind the shock wave at a fixed Reynolds number. Thedynamics of heat exchange for particles of different sizes(10$\mu$m--1mm) is determined, and the laws of thermal relaxationafter passing of a shock wave over the system of particles are found.The times of thermal and velocity relaxation of particles are estimatedas functions of the Reynolds number, and the predicted relaxation timeis compared with the corresponding empirical dependences.

The article presents the results of experimental investigation of boiling heat transfer of refrigerant R-21 in upward flow in a vertical plate-fin heat exchanger with transverse size of the channels that is smaller than the capil-lary constant. The heat transfer coefficients obtained in ranges of small mass velocities and low heat fluxes, which are typical of the industry, have been poorly studied yet. The characteristic patterns of the upward liquid-vapor flow in the heat exchanger channels and the regions of their existence are detected. The obtained data show a weak dependence of heat transfer coefficient on equilibrium vapor quality, mass flow rate, and heat flux density and do not correspond to calculations by the known heat transfer models. A possible reason for this behavior is a decisive influence of evaporation of thin liquid films on the heat transfer at low heat flux.

The finite difference method is used to solve the task of the developed pulsating laminar flow in a rectangular channel. The optimum of the difference scheme parameters was determined. Data on the amplitude and phase of the longitudinal velocity oscillations, the hydraulic and friction drag coefficients, the shear stress on the wall have been obtained. Using the dimensionless value of the frequency pulsations two characteristic regimes — the quasi-steady-state regime and the high-frequency regime have been identified. In the quasi-steady-state regime, the values of all hydrodynamic quantities at each instant of time correspond to the velocity value averaged over the cross section at a given moment of time. It is shown that in the high-frequency regime, the dependences on the dimensionless oscillation frequency of oscillating components of hydrodynamic quantities are identical for rectilinear channels with a different cross-sectional form (round pipe, flat and a rectangular channels). The effect of the aspect ratio of the rectangular channel sides channel on the pulsating flow dynamics has been analyzed.

A cross-correlation algorithm, which enables the obtaining of the velocity field in the flow with a spatial resolution up to a single pixel per vector, has been realized in the work. It gives new information about the structure of microflows as well as increases considerably the accuracy of the measurement of the flow velocity field. In addition, the realized algorithm renders information about the velocity fluctuations in the flow structure. The algorithm was tested on synthetic data at a different number of test images the velocity distribution on which was specified by the Siemens star. The experimental validation was done on the data provided within the international project “4th International PIV Challenge”. Besides, a detailed comparison with the Particle Image Velocimetry algorithm, which was realized previously, was carried out.

This paper presents the results of experimental research of heat transfer in air-to-air regenerative heat exchanger with periodic change of flow direction. The temperatures of the airflow and the material of regenerative packing in different sections have been obtained. The temperature efficiency of the heat exchanger has been determined at dif-ferent flow rates. The developed mathematical model of the regenerative heat exchanger is described. It is shown that the model fairly well describes the experimental results. Based on numerical studies the dependence of thermal efficiency of the heat exchanger on the airflow rate is determined. It is shown that changing the ratio of the oppositely directed flow rates, it is possible to regulate the temperature of the air flowing into the room. The possibility of using the model for optimizing the operational and design parameters of heat exchanger is demonstrated.

As a rule, aerodynamic studies at hypersonic flow velocities are carried out in short-duration wind-tunnel facilities. For such facilities, optical diagnostic methods are most preferable. In the present study, we give for the first time a comparison of two methods for determining the end of laminar-turbulent transition: from the distribution of heat fluxes and from schlieren visualization data for the boundary-layer flow. Parametric data on the position of the tran-sition are obtained. These data can be used in the future as reference ones while calibrating semi-empirical calculation models for the transition.

Evaporation of a water drop was studied experimentally at a temperature difference between the solid surface and surrounding atmosphere from 30 to 60 °C. The studies were performed on the substrates with micro- and nanocoatings with different wettability. The features of evaporation were studied for the pinned, partially pinned, and depinned three-phase contact line (solid-liquid-gas interface). It is shown that with a decrease in the water drop volume, the specific evaporation rate (mass flow per unit of surface area) increases, particularly at the last stage of evaporation.

Experimental results on energy characteristics of electric-arc plasma generator for heating technical nitrogen with the power of up to 500 kW are presented. The features of arc discharge glow, thermal efficiency, and service life of the electrodes were determined under the regime of melting the metallurgical raw material in the test plasma electric furnace.

On November 5, 2015 Vasiliy M. Fomin, the Full member of the Russian Academy of Sciences and noted researcher, working on mathematical simulation of the problems of continuum mechanics and mechanical engineering, became 75 years of age.

Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is one of the most common congenital metabolic disorders. Cascade genetic screening used for diagnostic of patients with FH. Aim of study is to explore the awareness of FH patients of the problem of familial hypercholesterolemia and conduct a pilot study of patients with FH using the principle of a cascade genetic screening. The study was performed in patients with a clinical diagnosis of “definite” FH. The study was approved ethics committee. Target was selected for high-throughput sequencing (GS Junior, Roche). Participation in the survey was voluntary and anonymous. An analysis of the responses to the questions provided data on the lack of awareness of patients with the FH about the problem. Certain mutations in this study and LDLR gene polymorphisms confirmed genetic heterogeneity of the spectrum of structural modifications of LDL receptor gene in patients with FH.

Purpose. To assess the contribution of the CRP gene polymorphisms rs3093077, rs1130864 and rs1205 in the development of myocardial infarction (MI) and multivessel disease (MVD) in CAD patients based on gender and age. Material and methods. 303 patients with stable coronary artery disease were included in the study. C-reactive protein ( CRP ) levels were measured by high sensitive immunoturbidimetric assay. The genotyping studies were performed in 96-well plates using the TaqMan assay. Results. Male gender and older age are proven to be among independent clinical predictors of myocardial infarction and the development of MVD in patients with coronary artery disease. The rs1205 C/C CRP homozygous carriers have a significantly higher risk of multivessel coronary lesions at age > 65, regardless of gender (OR = 4.72, 95 % CI = 1.27-17.56; p = 0.045). The C/C genotype of rs3093077, A/G of rs1130864 and P/T of rs1205 in female patients reduce the risk of myocardial infarction (OR = 0.53, 95 % CI = 0.30-0.95; p = 0.0079, OR = 0.37, 95 % CI = 0.16 - 0.82; p = 0.0027 and OR = 0.35, 95 % CI = 0.14-0.84; p = 0.0097, respectively). The groups with and without myocardial infarction were comparable by the allele frequencies and genotype distribution combinations of the CRP polymorphisms (rs3093077, rs1130864 and rs1205). Regardless of a positive history of MVD and myocardial infarction, serum levels of CRP over 3 mg/L indicates a high risk of cardiovascular events in patients with stable coronary artery disease. However, there is no relationship between protein levels and the polymorphisms of the genes encoding them ( p = 0.56). Conclusion: The prediction of myocardial infarction and MVD requires not only assessing clinical and demographic data of patients, but also measuring CRP levels and studying its gene polymorphisms.

The aim of this study was to determine the action of apoliporotein A-I (apoA-I) - the main protein of plasma high density lipoproteins on the work capacity of isolated rat heart and the influence on its effects of classic cardiotoinc drugs (adrenaline, digoxin) and nonselective β-blocker propranolol. Results. By the regime of the recirculation the physiological concentration of apoA-I (20 µg/ml) has stably elevated the intraventricular pressure but the coronary flow was changed insignificantly. Adrenaline has induced two-stage effect: initially it increased the frequency and the force of heart contractions but the induced left ventricular pressure decreased significantly. In the experiments with the simultaneous common perfusion of adrenaline and apoA-I the increased working capacity of isolated heart was recorded during the whole time of observation (30 min). ApoA-I has eliminated the cardiotonc activity of digoxin, and digoxin has removed cardiotonc effect of apoA-I too, and indicators of cardiac activity turned to control parameters but coronary flow was decreased. ApoA-I didn’t abolish the negative chronotropic effect of propranolol but substantially (more 2 fold) increased the left ventricular pressure.

Objective: To study the clinical and prognostic significance of gene polymorphisms APOA1 rs670, APOA5 rs662799 and ACE rs4341 in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Materials and Methods: 358 patients admitted with STEMI and undergoing diagnosis and treatment at the Kemerovo Cardiology Clinic were included in the study. Blood samples were collected at days 2-14 for genotyping. Clinical and demographic data, laboratory and instrumental findings were assessed. Data analysis was performed using the STATISTICA program (version 8.0; StatSoft, Tulsa, Oklahoma) and the genetic calculators (GeneXpert) with the construction of different inheritance models. Results: The carriers of the CC genotype of gene APOA5 demonstrated significantly higher triglyceride levels, whereas the level of high density lipoprotein cholesterol was lower in the carriers of the CC-genotype. The carriers of the GG genotype had a 3-fold increased risk of recurrent myocardial infarction (OR = 2.99, 95 % CI = 1.33-6.73, p = 0.006), and a 2.12-fold increased risk of early post-infarction angina, pulmonary edema and in-hospital death (OR = 2.12, 95 % CI = 1.14-3.94, p = 0.02). Allele D of gene ACE was associated with thickening intima-media complex of carotid arteries (OR = 1,65, 95 % CI = 1,04-2,61, p = 0,03). Conclusion: The polymorphic variants of genes associated with lipid metabolism disorders ( APOA1, APOA5 ) and arterial hypertension ( ACE ) may be used to assess the clinical severity and in-hospital prognosis in patients with myocardial infarction.

The hypolipidemic action of sesquiterpene γ-lactones ludartin and grosshemin was studied in vivo experiments on the model of acute hyperlipidemia induced by Triton WR 1339. Hyperlipemia model induced by Triton WR 1339, characterized by a sharp increase in the content in the serum of triacylglycerides and total cholesterol, mainly due to the increase of cholesterol in proatherogenic fractions of lipoproteins (low density). Hypolipidemic action of ludartin and grosshemin on the background of triton WR 1339 induced hyperlipemia, and drug comparison of phenofibrate, evident decrease in the content of triacylglycerides and pro-atherogenic cholesterol in low density lipoproteins in the blood serum, as well as reducing the amount of triacylglycerides and cholesterol in the liver of rats.

Objective: To analyze the basic components of the lipid profile of blood serum in patients with coronary artery disease based on the levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone and age, to explore their association with anthropometric parameters and indices of insulin-glucose homeostasis. The study involved 285 women aged 35-65 years who have had myocardial infarction at least 30 days before the survey. The median age was 54.4 years (25 and 75 % percentile: 43.2 and 61.3 years). Patients were divided into age groups: 35-55 years and 56-65 years (first and second groups of age, respectively), as well as groups on levels of sex hormones FSH and ≥ <30 mIU / ml and ≥ testosterone and <3 nm / l. Using analysis of covariance it is determined that in women 35-55 years with coronary heart disease significant factor determining the back high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol is FSH ≥30 mIU / ml ( p = 0.001) for low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol directly affects T ≥ 3 nmol / l ( p = 0.002), and triglyceride (TG) levels is mediated by the direct influence of FSH ≥ 30 mIU / ml ( p = 0.001). In the category of patients 56-65 years of multivariate analysis indicator back to determining the level of HDL cholesterol, the index was the HOMA-R ( p = 0.015), TG directly dependent on blood glucose ( p = 0.001), T ≥ 3 nmol / l ( p = 0.007), the index of HOMA-R ( p = 0.035) and FSH ( p = 0.042). Thus, in women 35-55 years a fundamental factor in the development of hypertriglyceridemia and gipoalfaholesterinemia is a high level of follikulotropin; hyperandrogenism in this age group was accompanied by an increase LDL cholesterol. In patients 56-65 years raising of TG and lowering of HDL cholesterol is mediated primarily indices of insulin-glucose-axis, as well as smaller but independent influence of hyperandrogenism and FSH ≥ 30 mIU / ml.

Myocardial electric instability, apparently , has a multigenic and multifactorial basis. It is interesting to examine of the association of the QTc interval with CC chemokine receptor 2 gene polymorphism ( CCR2 ) and metabolic syndrome components. Survey data from a representative sample 831 men aged 25-64 out of a general population of Novosibirsk («MONICA» WHO project) were used. For genetic research by randomly were selected 393 people. The components of the metabolic syndrome (obesity, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia and hypo-alpha-lipoproteinemia) were determined according to the WHO criteria. To calculate the corrected QTc interval Bazett formula has been used. The analysis in the multivariate linear regression model showed that the QTc interval was independently associated with 64V/64I(rs1799864) CCR2 gene polymorphism ( p = 0.04) and hypertension ( p = 0.0003).

Galectin-3, being one of the most recent studied biomarkers, may be used as a laboratory marker of neoplastic transformation and a biomarker of chronic heart failure. Purpose: To evaluate the clinical and prognostic significance of galectin-3 in patients with ST- segment elevation myocardial infarction (MI). Material and Methods: 87 patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction admitted to the hospital were included in the study. Galectin-3 levels were measured with ELISA on days1-2 in all patients. The serial measurement was performed in 81 patients on days 10-14. Results: Galectin-3 level was 9.5 [3.3; 11.9] ng / ml on days 1-2, and increased to 15.6 [9.9; 37.4] ng / ml after MI on days 10-14 ( p = 0.003). Higher levels of galectin-3 ( p = 0.04) were found in patients with a positive history of acute cerebrovascular accidents (ACVA), compared to patients without prior ACVA (42.5 [25.4; 57.1] ng / ml vs. 15.5 [9.9; 35.9] ng / ml). Galectin-3 levels in patients who had a history of hypercholesterolaemia on days 10-14 after MI increased by 47 % ( p <0.01) compared to patients without it. Similar results were observed in patients with hereditary coronary artery disease ( p = 0.02). Patients with arterial hypertension demonstrated elevated galectin-3 levels on days 10-14 after MI, compared to patients without it (20.1 [10.4; 38.9] ng / ml vs. 9.9 [9.1; 33.8] ng / ml, respectively, p = 0.04). Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus also reported higher values of the analyzed markers on days 10-14 after MI ( p = 0.01). Patients with LV dilatation and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction < 40 % reported significantly higher galectin-3 levels measured on days 10-14 ( p = 0.02) compared to patients with normal LV size and preserved ejection fraction. A positive correlation has been determined between galectin-3 levels and LV EDD and LV ESD ( r = 0.39 and r = 0.40, respectively, p < 0.01), and an inverse correlation - between galectin-3 and left ventricular ejection fraction ( r = -0.26, p = 0.02 ). CAD patients with three-vessel disease had higher levels of galectin-3 on days 10-14 after MI days ( p = 0.02), 35.8 [13.2; 43.0] ng / ml, than patients with one-vessel disease - 11.1 [9.5, 31.5] ng / ml. The serial management of galectin-3 in groups with two and three-vessel disease reported its increase by days 10-14 (10.2 [5.1; 13.3] ng / ml vs. 18.5 [10.4; 35.9] ng / ml, p <0.01; 3.4 [2.9, 4.6] ng / ml vs. 35.8 [13.2; 43.0] ng / ml, p < 0.01, respectively). A direct correlation has been determined between the levels of this biomarker on days 10-14 and door-to-balloon time (min) ( r = 0.27; p = 0.02). Conclusion. The results of the current study have shown the possibility to use galectin-3 level for risk stratification of MI patients. Despite the large number of experimental and clinical studies of this biomarker, some matters of concern require further investigation.

Objective: To study the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components in the population aged 25-45 in Novosibirsk. Materials and Methods: During the years 2013-2015 conducted a cross-sectional population-based survey of the population of one of the typical areas of Novosibirsk. The study included 346 men and 408 women. To identify the criteria used Russian Society of Cardiology (RSC, 2009). According to the criteria RSC recorded in the MetS by waist circumference (WC) > 80 cm in women and >94 cm men, plus two of the following criteria: blood pressure (BP) ≥ 130/85 mm Hg, triglycerides (TG) ≥ 1.7 mmol/l, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) < 1.2 mmol/l (women) and <1,0 mmol/l (men); low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) > 3.0 mmol/l, plasma glucose ≥ 6.1 mmol/l. Results: According to the definition RSC (2009), the prevalence of WC was 42.6 % (41 % in men, 44 % in women; р = 0.433), arterial hypertension - 33.5 % (53 % in men, 21 % in women; р < 0,0001), TG ≥ 1.7 mmol/l - 17.5 % (26.3 % in men, 9.6 % in women; р < 0,0001), decreased HDL-C - 24.3 % (27.7 % in women, 20.5 % in men; р = 0.023), increased LDL - 64.8 % (66.8 % in men, 63.7 % in women; р = 0.383), increased plasma glucose - 29 % (39.3 % in men, 20.1 % in women). Thus, the high prevalence of metabolic syndrome components in young adults of Novosibirsk identified.

Aim. To study the features of vascular remodeling in patients with prehypertension, taking into account the level of the peripheral and central blood pressure compared to the patients with hypertension. Material and methods. Inclusion criteria: men 40-55 years. The first group - 92 men with prehypertension, the second - 89 men diagnosed with hypertension, the third - 30 volunteers with normal blood pressure numbers. The estimation of anthropometric indices, blood pressure, heart rate, blood lipid research was performed. We measured ankle-brachial index (ABI), the thickness of the brachiocephalic intima-media, vascular stiffness and central blood pressure parameters. Results. Central BP in the first group was 129.0 ± 2.5 mm Hg, in the second group - 130.0 ± 3.5 mm Hg ( p < 0,05), in the third - 108.0 ± 2.5 mm Hg. Correlation analysis showed the of links with the central BP and smoking ( r = 0.8; p < 0.001), IMT ( r = 0.7; p < 0.001) and the presence of dyslipidemia ( r = 0.4; p < 0.01). For peripheral blood pressure links with smoking were identified ( r = 0.5; p < 0.05). Stiffness index (SI) of large arteries in the 1st group was 7.20 ± 1.99 m / s in the second - 8.90 ± 1.85 m / s in the 3rd - 5.5 ± 1.85. The average value of the reflection index the small resistance arteries (RI) - 36.59 ± 15.43 %, 35.469 ± 14.50 % and 30.39 ± 13.43 in the groups, respectively. Augmentation index in the groups were comparable. PWV>10 m / s was found in 3 % and 4 % in the first and second groups, respectively, in the third group, the value of PWV> 10 m / s have not been diagnosed. The differences between the groups did not reach statistical significance. In patients with PH in the test with mental and emotional stress the growth of SBP and heart rate appeared greater compared with the 2nd and 3rd groups ( p < 0.05), increase in diastolic blood pressure more than in the third group ( p < 0.05) .Conclusions. People with prehypertension have a comparable rate of endothelial dysfunction, arteriosclerosis and brachiocephalic atheroma, but a lower incidence of atherosclerosis of the lower extremities compared to the hypertension. Patients with prehypertension in 40 % have high normal BP, a greater incidence of brachiocephalic atherosclerosis and lower extremities vessels compared to normal central BP. Central blood pressure correlated with risk factors for CVD, ABI and brachiocephalic intima-media thickness.

The purpose of this research is to examine leptin levels in blood serum and frequency of the main components of metabolic syndrome among oilmen working in shifts in Western Siberia. Materials and methods : The research design is solid and cross-sectional. The research object is 125 men working in the oil industry in Western Siberia at the age of 30.2-45.7 (mean age is 35.3±3.5). Examination methods are anthropometry, measurement of blood pressure, electrocardiogram and determination of total cholesterol, glucose, leptin and C-peptid in blood plasma. Statistical data processing was performed using the Statistica 8.0 software package. Results : 73.60 % of the examined had certain components of metabolic syndrome: abdominal obesity (32.8 %), hypertension (23.2 %), hypercholesterolemia (59.2 %). The combination of these features was observed in 52.17 % of cases. 43.2 % of oilmen had overweight, 36.0 % - high normal blood pressure. Leptin concentrations in plasma fluctuated within 0.22-140.06 ng/ml (mean value is 16.93±21.19 ng/ml). C-peptid concentrations in plasma fluctuated within 0.01-6.19 mmol/l (mean value is 0.46±0.71 mmol/l). Conclusion: There were revealed essential differences between the leptin levels in the oilmen groups working in shifts with a normal BMI and obesity; with hypercholesterolemia and total cholesterol level below 5.1 mmol/L; with hyper-C-peptidemia and normal basal concentration of C-peptide ( p ≤ 0.01). While estimating the binding force according to the scale Cheddoka, there was established a statistically significant p < 0.05 dependence between the concentration of leptin and C-peptide in plasma: it is reverse and noticeable.

The review presents the current scientific literature on the status of the problem of myocardial revascularization in multivessel coronary lesions channel.Shows the results of studies conducted in the past 15 years, including a systematic review and meta-analysis. Describes the main indications, complications of percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with chronic total occlusion.Presents outcomes and long-term effects of different types of revascularization. Shows the results of the analytical and comparative research published papers on the issue.