Home – Home – Jornals – Journal of Applied Mechanics and Technical Physics 2016 number 2

Viscous liquid film flow along an inclined corrugated (sinusoidal) surface has been studied. Calculations were performed using an integral model. The stability of nonlinear steady-state flows to arbitrary perturbations was examined using the Floquet theory. It has been shown that for each type of corrugation there is a critical Reynolds number for which unstable perturbations occur. It has been found that this value greatly depends on the physical properties of the liquid and geometric parameters of the flow. In particular, in the case of film flow down a smooth wall, the critical wave-formation parameter depends only on the angle of inclination of the flow surface. The values of the corrugation parameters (amplitude and period) were obtained for which the film flow down a wavy wall is stable to arbitrary perturbations up to moderate Reynolds numbers. Such parameter values exist for all investigated angles of inclination of the flow surface.

To improve the efficiency of electrical action on metallic shaped-charge jets, it is proposed to use shutdown of the capacitive storage at the time when the voltage on it during passage of an alternating discharge becomes zero. It has been shown that using this expedient eliminates recharging of the capacitive storage and provides better matching between the current pulse and the time of motion of various parts of the shaped-charge jet through the electrode gap. Studies have been conducted using a computational procedure in which the development of magnetohydrodynamic instability of the jet and the dispersion of its material are considered possible physical mechanisms reducing the penetration capability of shaped-charge jets under the action of high current pulses.

The objective of the work is to test a nickel-chrome alloy as a probe tip material for characterization of discharge plasmas. In order to meet the objective, a symmetric triple Langmuir probe diagnostic system and an associated driving circuit are designed and tested in an inductively coupled plasma generated by a 13.56-MHz radio frequency source coupled with an automated impedance match network. This probe is used to measure the electron temperature, electron number density, and ion saturation current as functions of the input power of the radio frequency source and the filling gas pressure. An increasing trend is noticed in the electron temperature and electron number density with an increase in the input power, whilst a decreasing trend is evident in these parameters with an increase in the nitrogen gas pressure. The overall inaccuracies in electron temperature and electron number density measurements are 5-12% and 3-13%, respectively.

The inverse problem of determining the type and parameters of fastening of the pipe ends from the natural frequencies of the pipe flexural vibrations is formulated and solved for the case of fluid flowing through the pipe. The uniqueness of the solution of the problem is proved, and the Tikhonov well-posedness of the problem is shown. A method for solving the inverse problem is proposed, and examples of the solution are given.

This paper presents the results of experimental verification of Sretenskii's linear theory of gravity waves in a container partially filled with water and oscillating horizontally according to the harmonic law. It has been shown that this theory predicts the existence of an infinite ordered countable set of generation modes of unstable waves. It has been experimentally confirmed that the waves are unstable if the container oscillation frequency is equal to the frequency of any odd standing-wave mode. At even eigenfrequencies of container oscillations, the theory predicts wave amplitudes up to a constant term. Experiment has shown that, in this case, the waves are stable and have minimum amplitudes.

Results of an experimental study and numerical simulation of self-oscillations of a supersonic radial jet exhausting from a plane radial nozzle into an ambient space are reported. It is demonstrated that flexural oscillations develop in the jet, leading to its destruction. Feedback ensured by acoustic waves in the gas surrounding the supersonic jet is found to play a key role in the emergence of self-oscillations.

Based on the linear theory, stability of viscous disturbances in a supersonic plane Couette flow of a vibrationally excited gas described by a system of linearized equations of two-temperature gas dynamics including shear and bulk viscosity is studied. It is demonstrated that two sets are identified in the spectrum of the problem of stability of plane waves, similar to the case of a perfect gas. One set consists of viscous acoustic modes, which asymptotically converge to even and odd inviscid acoustic modes at high Reynolds numbers. The eigenvalues from the other set have no asymptotic relationship with the inviscid problem and are characterized by large damping decrements. Two most unstable viscous acoustic modes (I and II) are identified; the limits of these modes were considered previously in the inviscid approximation. It is shown that there are domains in the space of parameters for both modes, where the presence of viscosity induces appreciable destabilization of the flow. Moreover, the growth rates of disturbances are appreciably greater than the corresponding values for the inviscid flow, while thermal excitation in the entire considered range of parameters increases the stability of the viscous flow. For a vibrationally excited gas, the critical Reynolds number as a function of the thermal nonequilibrium degree is found to be greater by 12% than for a perfect gas.

The problem of damping motion of a hydromechanical system consisting of a viscous fluid and its bounding rigid walls is solved. A condition under which there is an abrupt deceleration of the hydromechanical system is determined.

A two-dimensional flow of a non-Newtonian power-law fluid directed normally to a horizontal cylinder with a square cross section is considered in the present paper. The problem is investigated numerically with a finite volume method by using the commercial code Ansys Fluent with a very large computational domain so that the flow could be considered unbounded. The investigation covers the power-law index from 0.1 to 2.0 and the Reynolds number range from 0.001 to 45.000. It is found that the drag coefficient for low Reynolds numbers and low power-law index ( n ≤ 0.5) obeys the relationship C_D = A / Re. An equation for the quantity A as a function of the power-law index is derived. The drag coefficient becomes almost independent of the power-law index at high Reynolds numbers and the wake length changes nonlinearly with the Reynolds number and power-law index.

A method for determining the drag coefficient of a thin plate harmonically oscillating in a viscous incompressible fluid is proposed. The method is based on measuring the amplitude of deflections of cantilever-fixed thin plates exhibiting damping flexural oscillations with a frequency corresponding to the first mode and on solving an inverse problem of calculating the drag coefficient on the basis of the experimentally found logarithmic decrement of beam oscillations.

A three-dimensional flow of a magnetohydrodynamic Casson fluid over an unsteady stretching surface placed into a porous medium is examined. Similarity transformations are used to convert time-dependent partial differential equations into nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The transformed equations are then solved analytically by the homotopy analysis method and numerically by the shooting technique combined with the Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg method. The results obtained by both methods are compared with available reported data. The effects of the Casson fluid parameter, magnetic field parameter, and unsteadiness parameter on the velocity and local skin friction coefficients are discussed in detail.

Results of experiments with a turbulent flow around a transversely aligned circular cylinder located at identical distances from the walls of a rectangular channel are reported. Data on averaged velocity fields around the cylinder are obtained by means of particle image velocimetry (PIV). Based on these fields, the near wake behind the cylinder is studied, and the kinematic characteristics for flow regimes with and without cavitation are compared. Based on the vector fields of averaged velocity, the angles of separation of the boundary layer from the cylinder surface in the considered flow regimes are determined. The drag coefficients of the cylinder for different flow regimes are calculated. It is demonstrated that the vortex region behind the cylinder and the drag coefficient of the cylinder increase in the case with cavitation. It is also shown that vortex shedding from the cylinder may be irregular, despite the fact that this process is quasi-periodic for most of the time.

The aim of this investigation is to study the performance of a twin-entry turbine under pulsed flow conditions. The ANSYS-CFX code is used to solve three-dimensional compressible turbulent flow equations. The computational results are compared with those of a one-dimensional model and experimental data, and good agreement is found.

This investigation explores the characteristics of melting heat transfer in a boundary layer flow of the Jeffrey fluid near the stagnation point on a stretching sheet subject to an applied magnetic field. The governing boundary layer equations are transformed to ordinary differential equations by similarity transformations. Resulting nonlinear problems are solved analytically by the homotopy analysis method. It is noticed that an increase in the melting parameter decreases the dimensionless velocity and temperature, while an increase in the Deborah number increases the velocity and momentum boundary layer thickness.

A mixed convection flow of an Oldroyd-B fluid in the presence of thermal radiation is investigated. The flow is induced by an inclined stretching surface. The boundary layer equations of the Oldroyd-B fluid in the presence of heat transfer are used. Appropriate transformations reduce partial differential equations to ordinary differential equations. A computational analysis is performed for convergent series solutions. The values of the local Nusselt number are numerically analyzed. The effects of various parameters on velocity and temperature are discussed.

In the present paper, results of numerical simulation of single-phase flows of heat carrier through square and triangular rod bundles are reported. The simulations were aimed at the determination of parameters involved in an integral model of turbulence being developed for modeling nuclear-reactor cores and heat exchangers in anisotropic porous-body approximation.

The paper deals with the numerical study of heat and mass transfer in the process of direct evaporation air cooling in the laminar flow of forced convection in a channel between two parallel insulated plates with alternating wet and dry zones along the length. The system of Navier–Stokes equations and equations of energy and steam diffusion are being solved in two-dimensional approximation. At the channel inlet, all thermal gas-dynamic parameters are constant over the cross section, and the channel walls are adiabatic. The studies were carried out with varying number of dry zones (n = 0–16), their relative length (s/l = 0–1) and Reynolds number Re = 50–1000 in the flow of dry air (j₀ = 0) with a constant temperature at the inlet (T₀ = 30 °C). The main attention is paid to optimization analysis of evaporation cell characteristics. It is shown that an increase in the number of alternating steps leads to an increase in the parameters of thermal and humid efficiency. With an increase in Re number and a decrease in the extent of wet areas, the efficiency parameter reduces.

A horizontal water layer of 0.29÷0.44 mm thickness, locally heated from the substrate, is investigated. The value of thermocapillary deformation occurring at local heating is measured by an inverted laser scanning confocal microscope Zeiss LSM 510 Meta. The heater in the form of strip of 0.5-mm width, 40-mm length, and 0.5-mm height made of indium oxide is sputtered on a sapphire substrate. The water temperature from the side of the substrate is measured using the infrared scanner Titanium 570M. We studied in detail the effect of the initial layer thickness and heating power on the value of thermocapillary deformation and temperature field. It is shown that defor-mation increases with an increase in thermal capacity and decrease in the layer thick-ness. Results of numerical simulation are in good qualitative agreement with the measurement results.

The approximate analytic solution of the problem of temperature field in a rectangular plate with an internal temperature-dependent source is obtained by the method of fast expansions. The critical value of a parameter characterizing heat release, which fun-damentally affects the analytic solution form, is found. The maximum solution error is shown to amount to 0.02 at the consideration of the first three terms of the Fourier series in fast expansion. Temperature fields are presented, and an analysis of the influence of the plate sizes and the heat release magnitude on their formation is given. Recommendations on the plate shape choice are given.

The density and the thermal expansion of liquid lithium–lead alloys with Pb content of 83.0 and 84.3 at. % was measured using gamma-ray attenuation technique over the temperature range from liquidus to 1000 K. The density change during solid–liquid phase transition was directly measured for the first time for Li_15.7Pb_84.3 alloy. A comparison of the obtained results with literature data has been carried out.

Thermoelectric materials have attained importance because of the gargantuan energy crisis the world faces today. A thermoelectric material can be used efficiently and frequently, provided, its figure of merit ZT is increased. Also, easy availability, manufacturing, and low cost are the other factors to be considered for a novel ther-moelectric material. A theoretical model is proposed in this paper for the enhancement of the figure of merit of thermoelectric materials.

In the present study, a model for the heating of inert-matrix-hosted metal nano-particles with laser radiation taking into account the melting processes is examined. The calculations were performed using the characteristics of gold and pentaerythritol tetranitrate materials. The kinetic dependences of the temperature and molten-layer thickness on nanoparticle surface were calculated. The main non-dimensional govern-ing parameters of the model were identified. An expression for the maximum thickness of molten layer was obtained. The results can be used in predicting the stability of nonlinear-optics devices with hosted gold nanoparticles, in raising the efficiency of hyperthermia cancer therapy, and in optimizing the optical detonators.

Radiation heat loss is an important type of heat loss in thermal systems. In this work, a numerical study of the transient response of two circular radiation heat shields in-serted between two parallel and circular surfaces of emissivities ε1 and ε2 is pre-sented. The same dimensions have been assumed for the two main radiating surfaces and the two radiation shields. The radiation shields are assumed to have different emissivities on their top (ε3 and ε5) and bottom (ε4 and ε6) surfaces, and both are as-sumed to be different but linear functions of temperature. A specific configuration is investigated in detail to highlight the transient temperature and heat transfer characte-ristics of the system. Some new results for the transient temperature and heat transfer characteristics of the system such as the effect of shield location, shield emissivities, the temperature dependence of shield emissivities, system dimensions, temperatures of the hot and cold surfaces and emissivities of the hot and cold surfaces are pre-sented for future references. It has been observed that increasing the temperature of the first radiation shield by changing a parameter such as surface emissivity or dis-tance between the radiation shield or the temperature of the hot surface, will not nec-essarily decrease the temperature of the second radiation shield.

The paper considers using a differential method for thermal calculation of a furnace with finding the thermal and aerodynamic parameters within the radiation chamber of a tube furnace. The furnace is equipped with acoustic-type burners allocated in three tiers on the lateral walls. The method implies joint numerical solution of 2D radiation transfer equations using the S2-approximation of the discrete ordinate method, of energy equations, flow equations, k-ε turbulence model, and single-stage modeling of gas fuel combustion. Typical results of simulation are presented.

A new approach has been developed to solve the optimization problems of conti-nuous parameters of thermal power plants. It is based on such organization of opti-mization, in which the solution of the system of equations describing thermal power plant, is achieved only at the endpoint of the optimization process. By the example of optimizing the parameters of a coal power unit for ultra-supercritical steam parame-ters, the efficiency of the proposed approach is demonstrated and compared with the previously used one, in which the system of equations was solved at each itera-tion of the optimization process.

We discuss the method of comparing pulse detonation engines (PDE) and engines with combustion in subsonic flow (ramjet) by means of their specific impulse used by the “Center of Pulse-Detonation Combustion” (CPDC). We demonstrate that the method used by CPDC to calculate the performance of PDE overstates the value of specific impulse relative to its actual value by a factor of at least two. In contrast, the values of specific impulse for ramjet are understated. As a result, the specific impulse of PDE significantly exceeds that of ramjet or is close to it. We investigate these misleading conclusions, and demonstrate their complete failure.

The paper reports on shape of a three-dimensional coherent structure in a velocity field of a high-swirl turbulent jet with the bubble-type vortex breakdown. A set of the 3D instantenous velocity fields was measured by using the tomographic particle image velocimetry (tomographic PIV) technique and processed by the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) method. The detected intensive coherent velocity component corresponded to a helical vortex core of the swirling jet and two secondary spiral vortices. The entire coherent structure was rotating around the jet axis in compliance with the direction of the flow swirl. From the 3D data it is concluded that the dynamics  of the strsucture can be described by a traveling wave equation: Re[A(y, r)×e^{i(mθ + ky − ωt)}] with the number of the spiral mode m = +1 for positively defined k and ω.

The influence of combustion effect on unsteady vortex structure in the form of precessing vortex core was studied using the non-intrusive method of laser Doppler anemometry and special procedure of extracting the non-axisymmetric mode of flow fluctuations. The studies show that combustion has a significant effect on the parameters of such a core, reducing the amplitude (vortex deviation from the burner center) and increasing precession frequency. At the same time, the acoustic sensors detect almost an order reduction in the level of pressure pulsations generated by the precessing vortex core. Moreover, distributions of tangential velocity fluctuations and cross-correlation analysis show that vortex precession is quite pronounced even under the combustion conditions, bringing a significant coherent component to distributions of velocity fluctuations.

On March 12, 2016 a famous Russian scientist in the field of thermophysics, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor Ivan I. Gogonin became 80 years of age.

The area of technogenic territories in the Russian Far East and Siberia continues to increase. The aim of this article is show the degree of reforestation processes scrutiny in mining landscapes of the Russian Far Eastern region. The results of technogenic landscapes research of the Russian Far East are represented by extensive set of knowledge, accumulated over half a century, and highly of disparate in resent time. They are not extensive as the results of studies of natural landscapes, but have important practical importance. Time of mining influence in the landscapes of the Far Eastern region is relatively small, and makes some decades in most cases. Therefore, the results of most studies belong to early, at least middle stages of ecological successions. Floral features of mining areas are thoroughly characterized. Many papers are devoted to the regularities of self-healing vegetation. Questions of recultivation are considered for each site individually. It is recommended to provide forestry, recreation, sanitation and meliorative restoration that assume different recultivation schemes. The selection of wood species is commonly recommended from the number of native species, because they are better adapted for local growing conditions. Compiled the lists of tree species, most successfully surviving on the dumps. In the presence of fairly extensive scientific literature, detailed studies of the structure and dynamics of disturbed areas are few in number. In particular, the facies structure of technogenic territories have not been studied, the recovery process of vegetation differentiated for different types of habitats were not considered and there are no detailed landscape and geobotanical maps of disturbed areas. Unfortunately, monitoring studies of natural and artificial reforestation are not developed.

The investigation of processes of recovery of disturbed land at the urban areas is a new, urgent problem for industrialized centers. Currently disturbed areas where recovery operations are conducted by various reclamation technologies are within the city of Novokuznetsk area in Kuznetsk Basin. Monitoring investigations to determine their environmental condition and the level of natural ingredients recovery have not been conducted at these areas until recently. The lack of such information does not allow efficient analysis of the conducted reclamation activities and determination of the prospects for recovery and further use of such land. The paper presents the results of an investigation of forest plantations and areas with natural revegetation of disturbed areas, and the complex of soil studies to determine the basic physical and agrochemical characteristics of young soils formed on the disturbed surface is conducted. Based on these studies the vegetation and soil cover were characterized and the soil-ecological condition of the reclaimed areas from the 1970’ stailings pile of «Baidaevskij» coal mine was assessed. As a result of reclamation activities, the sites with different plant communities are formed at the tailings pile surface. Botanic composition at the reclaimed areas represented species able to operate successfully in a technogenic landscapes. Because the grand dump territory is reclaimed by the forest approach the statement of forest is characterized by the special aspects, such as high density of planting with little crown density, high opacity and low level of stable forest recovery. The tailings pile sites reclaimed by different methods are characterized by specific soil-ecological condition, which can be used to assess the efficiency of reclamation. Soil-ecological assessment of the conducted reclamation efficiency is carried out on the basis of assessment of the soil, formed on the surface of the disturbed area. The more developed phytocoenosis formed in more developed soil areas, and therefore the better soil-ecological condition takes place after reclamation activity. The main tailings pile area is characterized by the satisfactory and good soil-ecological condition. This demonstrates that the currently formed natural-technogenic complex successfully functions that allows this area to carry out protection functions within the territory of city.

The paper present the results of study of the floristic composition and importance of species of aquatic ecosystems on different types of technogenic surfaces of the Borodino coal mine and assessment of the impact of local factors on the structure and the dynamics of vegetation. The list of plant taxa containing 91 species of higher plants and 3 charophytes. The largest amount of macrophytes species are Elodea canadensis Michx. , Eleocharis palustris (L.) Roem. & Schult. , Hydrocharis morsus-ranae L. , Potamogeton alpinus Balb. , P. perfoliatus L. , Sparganium emersum Rehm. , Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. , Typha latifolia L. , Warnstorfia fluitans (Hedw.) Loeske , Chara contraria A. Braun ex Kutz., the basis (up to 67.6-70.9 %) of vegetation mosaic of aquatic systems and differentiate its structure posttechnogenic landscape. Sorensen index ( QS = 0.63-0.71) and Spearman rank correlation coefficient ( r_s = 0.29-0.62, p < 0.01) values showed the greatest similarity between the species composition of the aquatic complexes arising on mineral surfaces planned dumps. The low level of similarity ( QS = 0.13-0.45; r_s = 0.25-0.34, p < 0.05) in species composition is typical fir ponds and wetlands formed around the perimeter of the heaps along the erosion of slopes. Non-parametric analysis of variance showed a statistically significant ( p < 0.001) differentiation of the species composition of the variables values of the analyzed environmental factors: the direction of reclamation, type and age of geomorphic surfaces dumps. Aquatic complexes significantly complement and enrich the mosaic of man-made landscape of the Borodino coal mine, the potential of their diversity should be taken into account when developing plans and strategies for reclamation of disturbed areas.

State of forest stands, which were originated naturally on mechanically disturbed moor-forestry lands near oil and gas complexes of Surgut Poles’e (Western Siberia) is estimated in the paper. The differences of their timber value from natural stands are also discussed. Newly originated forests on the higher relief technogenic positions differ significantly from natural stands not only by their productivity, but also by their structure and biological diversity. It gives full possibility to call them technogenic forests. ft was unexpected, but the raised role of such forests opened potential productive forces of the Surgut Poles’e. This role showed a necessity of cardinal revision of forestry principles and natural protection of moor-forestry ecosystems. The state of compound technogenic forests witness positive consequences of the destruction of soil cover and significantly surpass the soil damage. Due to this fact, it is necessary to study deeply this phenomenon. The new data concerning this phenomenon will be a scientific development for creation a new normative base for rational natural use and re-cultivation of disturbed forestry parts of Western Siberia.

The article considers the issues of the restoration vegetation on the dumps of the coal enterprises of the Kuznetsk Basin. Studies have shown that the dumps have a wide range of environmental conditions and are potentially suitable for establishment of plants. To negative environmental factors at the mine dumps include the lack of productive moisture, failed penetration, contrasting temperature regime on the different elements of the relief, and low potential fertility of the embryonic soils. Positive - high humidity in the depressions, the high content of fine-grained deposits in the lower part of the elephant dumps, excessive accumulation of snow in the winter on separate dumping sites. On disturbed lands identified eight technogenic ecotopes, characterized by various microrelief, moisture level, amount of fine fractions of technogenic eluvium determining favorable, moderately favorable and unfavorable conditions for vegetation of disturbed land. Selected three stages of syngenesis: pioneer stage, simple plant communities and complex plant communities. The stage of zonal phytocenosis on the dumps was not detected. The basis of diagnostic signs consists of the projective cover, the nature of the host plants, the number of species part of the zonal species. The selected criteria are universal and can be applicable to most dumps. Speed of syngenetic succession does not depend on calendar age of the dumps, and environmental conditions, which are formed on separate sites.

The test groups of animals showed different reaction on the presence of electric power line (EPL) glades, which cross light and dark conifer formations. The microarthropods react on the changes of hydrotermic soil conditions in a higher degree. The direct influence of electromagnetic field on the population density of soil invertebrates has place in both forest formations, but with opposite consequences. The same is demonstrated by herpetobium elements: the clear dominance of «meadow» species in fir formations and the absence of this in pine parts. Small mammals on the LEP glades increase their abundance and species diversity. They also demonstrate that their distribution is dominated by food and protection conditions. But at the same time, the distribution of constant rodent winter refuges demonstrate the negative effects of EPL existence. The analysis of bird populations on the basis of optimal life conditions demonstrated a highest negative effect of electromagnetic field of EPL. Independently of the creation of good protection, food and nesting conditions for birds, which usually occupy open biotopes and bush with herb thickets, they avoid the EPL glades. The first results showed the dual effect of EPL glades on animal populations. It is necessary to take into account the forming of intrazonal locations and real electromagnetic effects. The significant conclusions are found for birds, because they receive more irradiation. Also some biological peculiarities are important: the migratory species have a possibility to react immediately, according to the season, on the changing of biotopes. As for other animal groups, it is necessary to prolong the study of seasonal changes. For the invertebrates it must be performed the instrumental analysis of the differences of hydrotermic conditions of EPL glades and native biotopes.

The state of soil microbial complexes of forest ecosystems of Central Siberia, disturbed by cutting, fires, emissions of pollutants and mining was investigated. The most appropriate indicators for early diagnosis of the condition and sustainability assessment of soils were the contents of microbial biomass, the intensity of the basal respiration and microbial metabolic quotient. Recorded time quantitative and structural-taxonomic restructuring of ecological trophic groups of microorganisms exhibited orientation of the elementary soil-biological processes and allowed detail to assess the state of soils of disturbed forest ecosystems. Successions of soil microorganisms reflected stages of plant succession after cutting. Structural and functional changes in the microbial soil complexes marked by only one-two years after cutting of coniferous forests. For the grassy stage in deciduous young stands, there was an increase in soil microbial activity that accompanied the development of the sod process. Microbiological processes were balanced and comparable to the control at the stage of closed 30-year-old stands. Post-fire recovery of the microbial soil complexes was determined by fire severity and by the properties of soils and vegetation succession. Functional activity of microbial soil complexes were recovered in one or two years after a low-intensity fires, whereas after high-intensity fires - was not recovered in eight years. Indicative responses of soil microorganisms in the sustainable impact of aggressive pollutants tundra zone of the Norilsk industrial region were registered at the functional and at the structural level. In areas of moderate and weak disturbances of vegetation, there were quantitative changes, whereas strong disturbances and constant exposure to pollutants marked structural and taxonomic adjustment of microbial soil complexes, disturbed dynamic processes of synthesis-mineralization and reduced adaptive capacity saprophytic microorganisms as to the existence of low temperatures, and to the effects of pollutants. Successional development microorganisms of dumps of different ages defined as properties of soils, surface slope, and the development of vegetation. Reclamation of dumps with the application of topsoil accelerated the development of meadow vegetation and succession microbial complexes.

Piles of rocks represent the diversity of environmental conditions, which is manifested in the difference of forage and cover conditions. The influence of weather conditions is manifested in a greater degree at the initial stage of formation of ecosystems dumps. The research was carried out on the piles of Borodino brown coal mine section from 2005 to 2014. Data analysis showed a positive correlation of moisture in the area and the abundance of rodents that is not observed for insectivores. The method of correlation analysis showed a weak dependence of population dynamics of small mammals to weather conditions. The study used factor analysis, which grouped the values of population density, diversity, dominance, temperatures of summer and spring, coefficient of moisture, indicators of snow in three clusters. The first cluster combined indicators as diversity and abundance of small mammals. The second cluster combined indicators of moisture in the area, such as summer precipitation and snow cover (snow depth and snowmelt period). The third cluster included the total temperature of the spring and summer period. The description of characteristics of the studied objects in three-dimensional space of factors is obtained. It has allowed revealing of the role of individual indicators on the population dynamics of small mammals.

Experimental recultivation plantations were established in 2001-2003 in three areas allocated depending on the degree of exposure to industrial emissions and the state of woody vegetation in the vicinity of the city of Norilsk industrial region. The first object was the control zone of moderate disturbance, where the vegetation is mostly in normal state - east of the town of Talnakh (Listvyanka river area), the second object is located in zone of strong disturbance (Nalednaya river area, 1 km south of the town of Oganer), and third object of the experimental plantations was established in zone of very strong disturbance of vegetation - at Ergalakh river area (10 km south-east of the city of Norilsk). Experimental plantations were created by planting natural plants (wildings) of Picea obovata L., Larix sibirica L., Rosa acicularis L., Junipeus sibirica L., and different species of willow cuttings using different farming techniques to grow them. In 2008, studies were carried out by state (survival, safety, growth rates) of the created recultivation plantations. The studies have revealed species resistant to industrial emissions in Norilsk region. It has been discovered that survival rates and safety of willow plantings created by cuttings depends on planting technology and site properties. The greatest safety and resistance to industrial emissions were woolly willow Salix lanata L. and Salix hastata L.

To conduct complex research, the system of classification of biological objects was developed and adapted for different nature conditions and forms of anthropogenic impacts. The experience of organization of biological investigations at coal mine dumps and gold-mining polygons, pollutant emissions, operating and developing hydropower station reservoirs was used in the work. The general structure of development of the classification schemes of anthropogenic lands is presented with three generalized specific levels distinguished. The form and intensity of the anthropogenic impacts were used for zoning. Spatial extrapolation and forecast of the anthropogenic impacts are made with respect to the geomorphological state and succession’ dynamics of the anthropogenic habitats. Monitoring and resource estimation are carried out by the succession stages. Quantitative estimation of the structure of the anthropogenic lands is made with a use of moderate- and high- resolution satellite data in GIS. Types of mountain recultivations of coal mine dumps determine three post-anthropogenic succession series/classes: erosion, forest, and steppe. They are divided by groups of types depending on succession stage - from juvenile to closed corresponded to the zonal standards. The type shows stage that is determined by the dominant vegetation. For Norilsk anthropogenic region where there is constant pollutants impact, five classes/zones, four groups of types by geomorphological characteristics and two additional indicators which estimate the presence of dead ground vegetation as well as six types by dominant vegetation were defined. Classification scheme of the impact of hydropower station reservoirs is characterized by three levels of generalization for water and coast surfaces. The basin is divided by classes depending on the width and direction of the dominant winds (open, closed), groups of types depending on depth (deep-, shallow-water), types depending on flowage and stagnation. The coastline is divided by classes of constant marginal erosion, periodical impoundment and climate impact, group of types and types by well-known succession series and stages typical for the coast vegetation.