Home – Home – Jornals – Russian Geology and Geophysics 2016 number 7

In study of plagioclases, amphiboles, and melt inclusions, we have determined the physicochemical parameters of crystallization of melts in the intermediate suprasubduction chambers of volcanoes representing different types of subduction magmatism on the Kamchatka Peninsula: the young basaltic systems of Tolbachik Volcano (Klyuchevskaya group) and ancient Ichinskii Volcano (Sredinnyi Range) with alternating basaltic and felsic eruptions. For Tolbachik Volcano, we have found that plagioclase lapilli formed from basaltic melts at 1075-1115 ºC and low (≤1 kbar) pressures at depths of 2-3 km. Andesite minerals crystallized within a wider range of temperatures and pressures (1220-1020 ºC and 3.3-1.6 kbar) in an intermediate chamber at depths of ≤10 km. The melts were generated in basaltic magma chambers (detected well by geophysical methods at depths of 18-20 km) with minimum temperatures of ~1290 ºC. For Ichinskii Volcano, three levels of intermediate chambers are distinguished. Andesites formed at depths of ≤23 km at ≤1225 ºC. Dacitic melts were generated from an intermediate chamber (14 km) at 1135-1045 ºC as a result of differentiation of andesitic magmas. Dacites formed in the uppermost horizons (9-3 km) at 1130-1030 ºC. Despite the similarity between differentiation processes in the intermediate chambers of the Kamchatka volcanoes, each volcano is characterized by specific magmatism. The lavas of basaltic volcanoes (Tolbachik) and those of andesitic volcanoes (Ichinskii) differ in genesis and differentiation.

Early Paleozoic granitoids of autochthonous and allochthonous facies in the Baikal area (Ol’khon Island, Khamar-Daban Ridge) are in close spatial association with gneisses, migmatites, and plagiogranites and are usually confined to granite-gneiss domes. They are virtually not subjected to magmatic differentiation. Formation of granitoids of the Solzan massif and Sharanur complex lasted 26-28 Myr, which might be considered an indicator of collisional granitoid magmatism. Collisional granitoids of different provinces have a series of indicative features: They are peraluminous and highly potassic and are enriched in crustal elements (Rb, Pb, and Th) but sometimes have low contents of volatiles. In contrast to collisional magmatism, petrogenesis of intraplate granitoids does not depend on the composition and age of the enclosing rocks. The geochemical evolution of intraplate granitoid magmatism in the Baikal area is expressed as an increase in contents of F, Li, Rb, Cs, Sn, Be, Ta, Zr, and Pb and a decrease in contents of Ba, Sr, Zn, Th, and U during the differentiation of multiphase intrusions. The geochemical diversity of these granitoids, formed both from crustal and from mantle sources and as a result of the mantle-crust interaction, might be due to the effect of plume on the geologic evolution of intraplate magmatism. The wide range of compositions and geochemical types of igneous rocks (from alkali and subalkalic to rare-metal granitoids) within the Late Paleozoic Baikal magmatism area suggests its high ore potential.

The distribution of REE in the bottom sediments of Amur Bay accumulated over the last 100 years was studied, and the REE contents were evaluated. The REE contents normalized to North American Shale Composite (NASC) show a negative Ce anomaly and a predominance of LREE and MREE. The inflow and accumulation of REE in the bottom sediments are influenced mainly by natural sources, whereas their dependence on anthropogenic factors is minimal.

The Shurijeh reservoir Formation of Neocomian age is represented by a sandstone sequence, occasionally interbedded with shale, in the Gonbadli gas field, Kopet-Dagh Basin, North-eastern Iran. In this study X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) techniques were used to characterize the Shuirjeh clay minerals in 76 core samples, collected from two deep Gonbadli wells. The results of XRF analysis showed high percentages of silicon and moderate to low percentages of aluminum, sulfur, calcium, potassium, sodium, magnesium, and iron in both wells. The XRD analysis indicated that the above elements were concentrated in the form of quartz, anhydrite, dolomite, calcite, plagioclase, K-feldspar, hematite and clay minerals. Further XRD examination of the clay fraction, revealed that illite, chlorite, and kaolinite were the major types of clay minerals. Unlike, glauconite, smectite and a mixed layer clays of both the illite-smectite and chlorite-smectite types were observed only in very few samples. The percentages of individual clay minerals were determined using external standard calibration curves, and successfully validated by a system of simultaneous linear equations acquired from detailed elemental information based on the XRF analysis. The amount of error reached ±5% for the main mineral constituent and ±15% for minor minerals. A local regression relationship was also derived, based on the XRF elemental information, which can be used to estimate the clay contents of other Shurijeh drilled wells with data of pulsed-neutron spectroscopy tools. According to the proposed quantitative approach, the amount of illite varied considerably reaching up to 18.3%. In contrast, the amount of kaolinite and chlorite were generally small, i.e. less than 8.4%. The amount of total clay minerals changed greatly from a minimum of 5% to a maximum of 32.5%. An increase in illite with increasing burial depth and temperature was an obvious indication of deep burial diagenesis in this Formation.

Because of the lack of gas supply from source rocks and gas loss, inefficient tight-gas fields represent a high share of all gas reservoirs in China. These gas fields are characterized by low abundance and large gas reserves. Here, the He 8 tight-gas reservoirs in the western region of the Sulige gas field are used as an example to characterize gas distribution under conditions of less efficient charging. Results show the following characteristics. First, the sandstone densification process has a relatively large impact on the charging of gas. Litharenite was already subjected to densification at the time of large-scale gas charging, and this was not conducive to gas charging. On the contrary, for sublitharenite, although strong compaction has already occurred during gas generation, quartz overgrowth that leads to further densification of the gas reservoirs occurs simultaneously with large-scale gas charging. This facilitates gas charging, and is characterized by concomitant densification and reservoir formation. Second, structure traps can control the accumulation of gas to a certain extent. In particular, when physical properties of sandstones within the structure traps are appropriate, gas saturation during gas charging can be increased by approximately 7%. Third, less efficient charging is the main cause of the complex gas and water distribution in the He 8 gas reservoirs. The strong heterogeneity of the reservoirs and the decline in the gas reservoir pressure caused by tectonic uplift in the Yanshan period further exacerbate the complexity of gas and water distribution. These factors ultimately caused the He 8 gas reservoirs to become a multireservoir gas field with several gas-water interfaces. He 8 gas reservoirs are neither conventional gas nor continuous gas reservoirs. Rather, they are quasi-continuous gas reservoirs, and the accumulation of gas is controlled by both the top surface of sandstone and physical properties of the reservoirs. Traps and high-quality reservoirs within the regional traps are beneficial for the gas accumulation.

We discuss the results of measurements of the thermal conductivity of the Bazhenovo Formation rocks from wells drilled in the Salym petroliferous area of the West Siberian Plate. The thermal conductivity was measured by «Thermal-conductivity comparator» and «Scanning thermal-conductivity meter» in different years. A total of 225 measurements were made in two directions with respect to the rock layering: parallel (λ₁) and orthogonal (λ₂). The results show that the Bazhenovo Formation rocks are mostly of abnormally low thermal conductivity: λ₁ = 1.0-2.3 W/(m∙K) (average is 1.6 W/(m∙K)) and λ₂ = 0.8-1.9 W/(m∙K) (average is 1.3 W/(m∙K)). This leads to an abnormal increase in geothermal gradient within the Bazhenovo Formation. Such geothermal-gradient anomalies can be easily revealed by high-precision thermal logging. It is also shown that the thermal conductivity of the studied rocks is in inverse relationship with their organic-matter content.

The technique of harmonization of production and marketing activities of the coal company is developed. The application of the technique in practice provides: reasonable formation of plan numbers of functioning of production and technological processes depending on volume and structure of market demand; optimization of costs of production and product sales; increase of profitability of production and sale; optimization of indicators of purchasing activity and reduction of stocks; implementation of contractual obligations to consumers of coal production; increase of competitiveness of the company and positive business reputation.

The article, following the results of the sociological research conducted in monitored mode via the uniform technique in Novosibirsk region, analyzes social and demographic characteristics of unemployed population in relation to self-employment. The unemployed citizens, who expressed readiness to perform self-employment, are referred to labor potential of self-employment. The analysis of social and demographic characteristics is carried out in a view of separate forms of self-employment: setting-up of own business, work at personal subsidiary economy, farming. The following categories were studied: gender, age, education level, profession before job loss, marital status, existence and number of children. The conclusion is drawn that many of unemployed people can carry out self-employment, which, certainly, without being panacea from unemployment, is capable to provide realization of needs of rather essential part of rural population, work and earn. Apart from income as a source of subsistence, self-employment forms an important position of social activity of unemployed population as opposed to the existing social dependency of separate part of the unemployed population. These people need help, the relief measures must be realized both on federal, and on regional levels.

Religion plays an important role in human life, influencing it, forming its value orientation. In the same way religion impacts on society as a whole. Religion is closely connected with the society, it forms a social institution, and ensures the integrity of society and the state. Religion appears as in the relationship between people and government relations in their degree and by nature. In different periods of the existence of the society the state-church relations were various. The article presents some of the doctrines of the founders of sociology on the interaction of religion and state.

The article analyzes the value strategies of modern Russian youth in real and virtual society. It is revealed which systems of values of the Russian youth prevail in modern society. The analysis of the traditional values and their transformation in modern society is carried out. The analysis of the value paradigms of modern Internet users, comparison of the values prevailing in real and virtual societies are carried out. Besides, the article focuses on the transformational processes, happening in the Russian society. The main youth problems, currently important in domestic modern sociology of youth are considered. The conclusion about transformation of basic institutes, which influence the formation of the value paradigms of youth, is drawn, and to this end the analysis of the inter-generational transmission of sociocultural values, which mechanism underwent a certain transformation in modern Russian society, is carried out.

The article considers the attitude of students to development of business in Novosibirsk. The analysis of the empirical data, obtained during the sociological research conducted in 2014, is presented: the assessment of development of small business is given by students, the reasons, which are slowing down its development, are revealed. Readiness of students for business activity, the need for essential training in conducting small business is studied, the priority spheres for setting-up of own business and types of support necessary for students are also revealed. The special attention is paid to identification of the reasons of unwillingness of setting-up of own business and necessary measures for attraction of students to the development of small business in the city. Besides, the prospects of development of business in Novosibirsk according to students are considered. The results of research confirm the need of the solution of the issues of development of youth business, both at the level of the region, and the country in general.

The article considers the algorithms, applied in program realization of a neural network control system of concentration of oxygen of deaerated water. The analysis of the VD-400vacuum deaerator as the object of control is carried out. Control and perturbation actions, as well as adjustable parameters of VD-400 are revealed. The special attention is paid to the software, creating models of the feedforward multilayered neural networks with live training. Interfaces of training and modeling are shown. The general scheme of control of the VD-400 vacuum deaerator is presented.

The article is devoted to modern economic ideas (view) about human behavior. It contains an attempt of synthesis of neoclassical, institutional, behavioral and neuroeconomic theories achievements. The article proposes systematization of human behavior. It presents the neuroeconomic description of decision-making process. In addition, it gives a description of the factors that determine the decisions through the impact on the subjective estimation of the achieved result and the probability of achieving this result (personal, socio-cultural, cognitive, and situational).

In recent years, the sport service industry market is growing rapidly in Russia, by an average of 30 % per year. However, the population percentage involved in sports is negligible. Sport service industry requires a systematic and integrated management. An analysis of the sport service industry in logistic concept will form the standardized requirements for the management of the sport service industry enterprises. The paper analyzes the theoretical approaches to the management of the sport service industry enterprises in the structure of the logistic system. In the article there are the basic logistic flows participated in the logistic system formation of sport service industry enterprises. Also there was identified the parameters of logistic flows by which it is possible to develop criteria for evaluating the quality of the sport services and create a cost-effective method of sport service industry enterprises management included in the logistic system. The author has been supplemented the classification of the logistic flows’ parameters and characteristics which are given in the relation to the sport service industry. New suggested theoretical approaches to the management of the sport service industry are particularly useful in the development of the ways to improve the service quality of customers.

In the paper the impact of warning records and credence claims in advertisements on children’s perceptions of fast food products as a high-calorie and micronutrient junk food is discussed. Children and adolescents are the most frequent visitors to fast-food restaurants, and more positively, rather than adults, react to marketing stimuli. In the survey some promotional images of fast food products containing warning records and/or credence claims were suggested to Novosibirsk secondary schools students for estimation. Based on chi-squared Pearson test it was found that depending on age of children and adolescents differently perceive fast-food and respond to the presence or absence of either type of records in advertisements. It was revealed that the child’s desire to buy the advertised fast food is determined more by the logo visualization and advertising impressions than by the brands awareness.

The article can be started with a reference to recent events with the participation of Prime Minister of Russia Dmitry Medvedev. During the meeting on the development of the coal industry in Novokuznetsk 4-5 April 2016, he said: "Coal Chemistry - is the future. We understand this, and we have this topic discussed with the governor. There is, however, she is weak. " At a meeting with activists of the "United Russia" party he said: "Coal Chemistry products and highly processed from coal - this is the future. Here and there can be no dispute. And the government understands this. But one of my orders will not be enough, although I do not refuse, I'm willing to give it. " The Prime Minister has promised to give the commission to develop a federal program for the development of technologies for processing coal into marketable products.

The necessity of new innovative production not limited to mining of natural resources is dictated today both by the requirements of the world market and by the desire to increase the innovation capacity of the branches dealing with raw materials. For Kuznetsk Basin, a large industrial and raw material centre, the problem of the introduction of technological innovations directly into the coal mining branch becomes especially significant. This problem may be solved through the organization of the manufacture of science-intensive coal chemical products, and it is coal mining industry that is able to become not only a base but also a driver of innovative development of regional economics. The introduction of promising technologies of fine processing of raw materials will allow one to go out of the framework of energy coal mining and to use so-called illiquid coal for the production of a broad range of relevant coal chemical products with high added value. Undoubtedly, this route of development is rather capital-intensive, and under modern conditions it requires consolidation of the efforts of the owners of coal-mining works, the state and the scientific community. Under these conditions, the Kuznetsky Basin with its substantial scientific and technological basis in the area of coal chemistry has a chance to become the first perspective ground for the introduction and successful realization of the joint projects of this kind. Analysis of the modern state of the leading branch of the economics of the Kemerovo Region is carried out, the outlooks for the introduction of coal chemical works for the goal of innovative development of the region are evaluated, the directions of the development of coal chemistry are considered. A conclusion is made stating the necessity to use innovative technologies in the facilities of coal companies, which would make it possible to decrease the "technological" losses of coal and provide the intense route of the development of regional economics.

The necessity of the development of coal chemistry is dictated by the existing limitations in the development of coal industry in the Kuznetsk Basin. At the same time, practical implementation of the projects of profound coal processing is hindered by the absence of Russian industrial technologies if coal chemistry, high cost of foreign technologies and current economic conditions. For the development of Russian coal chemistry, consolidation of the efforts of the scientific community, coal-mining companies and the state within the framework of the state-private partnership is necessary.

Results of gasification of low-grade coal and coal wastes in the filtration mode with superadiabatic heating are presented for brown coal, flue ash and cake as examples. Gasification of low-grade coal and coal wastes allows one to obtain combustible gas with the combustion heat 2 to 5 MJ/m3 and ensures high degree of coal combustion. In addition, it is possible to obtain up to 10 mass % liquid hydrocarbons with combustion heat 32 MJ/kg, which are valuable for chemical industry.

The role of active coal and adsorption technologies based on it in solving a broad range of problems in industry, environmental and human protection is demonstrated. New technologies of obtaining active coal on the basis of black coal are described, in particular those involving black coal of the Kuznetsk Basin. Results of their tests in a number of important branches of modern Russian Economics are presented, including drinking water supply, gold hydrometallurgy, and production of respiratory equipment.

Coal-tar pitch is a very important kind of raw material for obtaining industrial carbon materials. The dependence of the scale of its production and qualitative characteristics on the need for metallurgical coke and the conditions of coal coking requires the search for alternative kinds of raw material for carbon materials and the methods to govern their properties. The problems connected with obtaining raw matter for carbon materials on the basis of coal-tar resin processing and thermal dissolution of fossil coal are considered. Results of the works in this area carried out at the JSC “Eastern Research Institute of Coal Chemistry” and Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, UrB RAS are described.

Review of the state of the problem connected with the preparation of substitutes for coal-tar pitch for the production high-quality carbon materials is presented. The possibilities of alternative methods of their preparation from petroleum raw material and the products of thermal and thermochemical coal processing are considered. The promising significance of the low-temperature process of coal thermal dissolution under soft conditions for obtaining extractive pitch is demonstrated. A comparison of the chemical composition and technical parameters of the obtained extractive pitch with the industrial coal-tar pitch and petroleum-based pitch is carried out. The obtained extractive pitch is close in composition, molecular structure and technical parameters to coal-tar pitch and petroleum-coal tar pitch. Using extractive pitch as a binder, an experimental sample of anode was manufactured. Its correspondence to the major technical requirements was demonstrated.

Russian and foreign works describing coal self-ignition during mining, during storage in stores, dumps of coal mines and open pits are generalized. The features of these processes are analyzed depending on metamorphism stages, petrographic composition, and porous structure of coal, water content and concentrations of mineral components. It was noted that self-ignition processes include mainly the oxidation of aliphatic structures containing oxygenated functional groups, branched aliphatic chains, methylene groups connected with aromatic rings. The highest tendency to self-ignition is exhibited by brown and black coal of low metamorphism degree. A definite effect on the tendency to self-ignition may be due to mineral substances present in coal. Fine porous structure of the organic mass defines mainly diffusion-kinetic regime of oxidation reactions. As a rule, the effect of diffusion stages is less essential in comparison with the effect of metamorphism degree and humidity of coal. It was noted that self-ignition of coal is due to the combined action of a large number of factors of different nature, including chemical, physical, mining and geological conditions. Their effects are manifested to different extents and are studied insufficiently. To establish physicochemical foundations of the reactions of coal with oxygen, reveal key stages of self-heating and ignition, elaborate reliable criteria for prediction, new data relying on thorough interdisciplinary studies involving modern chemical and physical methods are necessary. Taking into account the multifactor nature of self-ignition phenomena, endogenous fire events and explosions, it is reasonable to elaborate the criteria for coal and beds under specific mining and geological conditions similarly to the basin-related industrial classification of coal.

The distribution of toxic elements and toxic compounds in ash and slag wastes from the combustion of coal of the Kuznetsk Coal Basin was studied. Correlations between the concentrations of heavy metals in the gross and mobile forms were studied, as well as the interconnections between the concentrations of separate elements in ash and slag wastes. Correlation analysis of the data revealed a strong correlation of overall content with mobile forms for nickel, lead, manganese and cobalt (correlation coefficient is equal to 0.99, 0.96, 0.92 и 0.96, respectively), while for copper and zinc the correlation is weak. A strong interconnection of the total content of copper and chromium in ash and slag wastes was revealed (r = 0.84). For the mobile forms of elements, a connection between cobalt and nickel content (r = 0.85), fluorine and zinc (r = 0.59) was revealed.

Coal samples of different grades representing the sequence of metamorphic transformation were studied. It was established by means of NMR spectroscopy that the contribution from carbon in structural fragments of aromatic rings increases with an increase in coal maturity. The contribution from the end atoms of alkyl fragments and oxygen-containing groups decreases proportionally. The qualitative and quantitative composition of the individual representatives of the class of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in the organic extracts of black coal was determined by means of high-performance liquid chromatography. Coal of K and KS grades is characterized by the maximal total concentration of PAH - from 363.4 to 432.0 μg/kg. The regularity of the change of total PAH composition with an increase in coal maturity was revealed. The maximum of the curve corresponds to the samples with vitrainite reflectance factor equal to 1.185-1.310 %.

The changes in the petrographic composition of some coal samples of the same grade taken from different deposits of the Kuznetsk Basin (from north to south) were considered. It was revealed that the total content of the components of vitrinite and semivitrinite changes in a peculiar manner.

The characteristics of the catalysts of ozonolytic treatment of aromatic hydrocarbons were studied using physicochemical analysis methods (XPA, BET, TGA, SEM). The catalytic system Mg-Cr was determined to be the most efficient one in the reaction of ozonolytic desulphurization of hydrocarbons. It was established that carbon fragments are accumulated on the catalyst surface during ozonolytic desulphurization of the benzene fraction, which is connected with the adsorption of sulphur-containing molecules and with the oxidation of condensed hydrocarbon fragments of the raw material.

Caking properties of 22 black coal samples were studied for the purpose of determining a connection between the free swelling index SI and the stage of coal metamorphism (R_o.r). It was established that SI changes in the sequence of metamorphism of coal samples under study along a curve with the maximum in the region of R_o.r = 0.81-1.00 %. It was shown that SI increases linearly with an increase in the thickness of the plastic layer within the range у = 4-22 mm. The obtained correlation equation can be used to determine the calculated values of the free swelling index SI for coal with у < 22 mm.

The porous structure of high-temperature coke obtained on the basis of coal of different grade composition from the Kuznetsk Basin was studied. It was established experimentally that the specific surface of high-temperature coke decreases with an increase in the stage of coal metamorphism. It was determined that coke with the maximal relative volume of micropores is formed from low-metamorphosed and weakly caking coal. During the carbonization of coal at the medium stages of metamorphism, dominant development is exhibited by transport pores.

For the first time, 22 samples of black coal of different stages of metamorphism sampled at coal mining enterprises of the Kuznetsk Basin were studied by means of ¹³С NMR spectroscopy. Analysis of the analytical data showed that the degree of coal aromaticity (f_a) increases from 0.68 to 0.85 with an increase in the stage of metamorphism. It was established that an increase in aromaticity index (f_a) of the organic mass of coal is proportional to a decrease in the amount of aliphatic carbon in the structural fragments within the range 0-51 ppm.

The sorption of copper cations by native and modified humic acids obtained from brown coal of the Tisul deposit of the Kansk-Achinsk basin was studied using IR Fourier, ¹³С NMR spectroscopy in solid. The sorption capacity of humic acids was determined. It was shown that modification of humic acids by hydrogen peroxide causes the change of the functional composition and an increase in sorption capacity. The sorption of copper cations proceeds both via ion exchange mechanism and due to the formation of complexes with oxygen-containing groups and aromatic fragments.

The trends of the development of power engineering and coke chemistry, the major consumers of black and brown coal, were analyzed. A substantial potential of an increase in the fraction of coal used in power engineering was shown. Broad application of the technology of blowing up dust-coal fuel in coke chemistry for obtaining cast iron, on the one hand, decreases substantially the amount of metallurgical coke consumed, on the other hand, it requires substantial improvement of its quality. Possible directions of an increase in the quality of blast-furnace coke, improvement of the raw material basis of dust coal fuel for blast furnaces and the production of special kinds of coke are considered. New directions of obtaining synthesis gas were proposed on the basis of the working coke chemical and metallurgical plants by means of mixing the coke and converter gases, as well as by means of gasification of tar-water emulsions. The promising character of the Russian method of catalytic coking having no analogues in the world was demonstrated. Implementation of this method will allow one to develop the fundamental scientific approaches to making coal mixtures for coking, and to propose efficient methods of their preparation. A promising home technology of energy-technological processing of brown coal from the Kemerovo Region was developed on the basis of semi-coking using a solid heat carrier. A method to obtain pitch substitutes for the production of elite sorts of needle-like coke was developed; it includes soft thermal dissolution of a definite kind of coal in technical oil extracted from coke chemical tar. The advantages of the technology of preparation and combustion of water-coal fuel were demonstrated: 1) relative cheapness; 2) availability of the raw material; 3) ecological safety of combustion process; 4) the approved character of the process (transportation of the suspension along pipelines at a distance of 200-600 km was mastered, and about 600 thousand t of the fuel was processed). A method to prepare energy gas for underground coal gasification having no analogues in the world was developed; it allows a substantial (by 40 %) decrease in capital investment for the construction of the set-up and almost 2-fold decrease in the time of recoupment of capital investment. The proposals are aimed at the use of the potential of the unique coal basin situated in the Kemerovo Region.

Purpose: to study the effect of fucoidan (sulfated polysaccharide from brown algae) on the dynamics of lipid metabolism in the mice model of dyslipidemia induced poloxamer P-407. Materials and methods. We used fucoidan, extracted from brown algae Fucus evanescens with a molecular weight 160 kDa. Experimental studies were conducted on noninbred white mice. The model of dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis in animals was induced by intraperitoneal injection of poloxamer 407 (P-407). Results. We revealed the ability of per os administration of fucoidan to normalize the basic parameters of lipid metabolism in mice with dyslipidemia (serum levels of triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol). Conclusion. Revealed experimental results allow to consider the fucoidan as the basis for the development of new biological products with lipid corrective action and to recommend it for further study in experimental and clinical trials.

Aim: The one of the main directions in the prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD) is to improve the technology for the detection of high cardiovascular risk persons for purpose of preventive measures aimed at the prevention of the disease. Object: To determine the most significant collection of risk factors for coronary atherosclerosis in men with metabolic syndrome. Material and Methods: The study involved 82 male patients with metabolic syndrome, divided into 2 groups of CHD after verification. All the patients were determined profile of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism and pro-inflammatory cytokines and adipokines. Results: The patients in the presence of coronary artery disease and MS have higher levels of CRP (p = 0.001 ) , IL -1 ( p = 0.017 ) , IL -6 ( p = 0.001) FNO (p = 0.001 ) , E - selectin ( p = 0.001 ) , and the patients without coronary artery disease have higher apelin levels. Conclusion: A multi-dimensional mathematical model created by us and based on the method of multivariate logistic regression analysis could allow to predict the presence of coronary atherosclerosis in patients with MS based on the analysis of the set of predictors obtained.

Background and aims: mutations in LDLR, APOB, PCSK9 genes determine the development of autosomal dominant forms of familial hypercholesterolemia. The PCSK9 gene encodes an enzyme involved in the metabolism of low density lipoprotein (LDL) by post-transcriptional regulation of the LDL receptors. Purpose: to perform analysis of PCSK9 rs562556, rs11591147 in Russian population and the population sub-samples of persons with hyper- and hypocholesterolemia; to investigate the PCSK9 protein association with rs562556, rs11591147 the PCSK9 gene at the population level. Materials and methods: genotyping rs562556 in the PCSK9 was carried out in a population and in the subgroup with hypercholesterolemia; genotyping rs11591147 was carried out in a population and in the subgroups with normal and low level of total cholesterol. Subgroups were included in the analyses in the HAPIEE project framework (9360 participants, 45-69 years old, 50% men). Blood lipid levels were determined using standard enzymatic assays. Genotyping of the PCSK9 rs11591147 was performed using PCR-RFLP and then confirmed by direct sequencing. Genotyping of the PCSK9 rs562556 was performed by RT-PCR using sets of "Syntol" (Russia). Results:Analysis of rs562556 association with lipid profile and PCSK9 protein blood levels showed these polymorphisms do not significantly contribute to forming hypercholesterolemia in Caucasian populations of Western Siberia."Loss of function" mutation R46L (PCSK9 rs11591147) association with total cholesterol levels in the group with normal and low levels of total cholesterol was revealed. Conclusion: The PCSK9 rs562556, rs11591147 alleles and genotypes frequency in the population and in the population subgroups with hyper- and hypocholesterolemia were determinedfor the first time in Russia. The Caucasian population of West Siberia does not significantly differ from populations of Europe by alleles and genotypes frequencies.A statistically significant association of the rare T allele of rs11591147 with low total cholesterol was determined.

Evaluation of clinical course and metabolic disorders in men and women with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and metabolic syndrome (MS). Was investigated 164 patients with NAFLD, including 103 men and 61 women. In comparative terms we studied clinical manifestations of NAFLD. All patients NAFLD was verified for the first time. We studied the functional state of the liver function, lipid, carbohydrate and insulin resistance. The study involved 164 patients with NAFLD, including 103 men aged 29 to 64 years and 61 women aged from 44 to 63 years. All the women were examined in a phase of physiological menopause. Patients were divided into 2 groups. In Group 1 included 124 patients with diagnostic criteria for MS, Group 2 consisted of 40 patients without MS. Violations evaluated differentially in men and women. NAFLD is found in most patients with MS in the background. However, a cluster of factors constituting MS significantly more pronounced in men. Main patofi-physiologically factors contributing to the formation of NAFLD, namely TS and-Disley-epidemic appeared to be more significant in men. Perhaps this may be due to bo-Lee early development of liver steatosis in males and younger age compared to women. NAFLD is diagnosed more often in men.

Aim. To study the prevalence of behavioral and psychosocial risk factors (RF) of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among students aged 18 - 24 years. Materials and methods. The study used a questionnaire of epidemiological study ESSAY-Russian, adapted for students. In 2014 and 2015, random sample of students were interviewed in high schools of Barnaul (596 persons). Prevalences of smoking, low physical activity, non-healthy diet, stress and depression among students ware investigated. Results. Prevalence of smoking among students was 12,4%. Young men were 2.4 times more likely to smoke than women (p <0.001) and smoked more cigarettes per day. 72.3% of the students used alcohol, 3.6% of men and 1.0% of women used alcohol excessively. The number of women walking during 60 to 90 minutes per day was 3 times more than among boys (7.5 and 2.6%, p <0.05). Amount of walking time decreased with age. Evaluation of nutrition showed that 74.8% of students consumed insufficient amount of fish, 53% do not eat enough of fruits and vegetables, 45% consumed excessive table salt and 22% - sugar. Subclinical anxiety/depression had 21.5/9.6% of respondents, clinical anxiety/depression experienced 13.8/2.2% respectively. During the last 30 days the girls, compared with boys more likely to experience very high levels of stress (24.5 and 13%, p <0.001) and 1.5 times more than in a state of subclinical anxiety/depression (24.5 and 15, 3%; 15.8 and 9.7%, respectively; p <0.05). Conclusions: The estimation of the prevalence of behavioral and psychosocial risk factors of CVD is the basis for regional preventive programs among students.

This review analyzes the data in the literature about the "obesity paradox" in relation to atherosclerosis related diseases, criteria Metabolically Healthy Obesity (MHO), the data on its prevalence and possible pathogenetic features.

This article is devoted to discussion about main aspects of current use of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaril CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) according last international guidelines. Statin’s base effects on lipid profile, medication regimens, side effects and safety ensuring are represented.