Home – Home – Jornals – Russian Geology and Geophysics 2016 number 11

The Central Asian Orogen was reactivated in the Cenozoic, which gave rise to mountain systems and sedimentary basins, strike-slip and thrust faults, ramps, and rift basins under the far-field effect of the India-Eurasia collision. Pre-Cenozoic structures, as well as the superposed Cenozoic deformation, are traceable in the gravity pattern. Analysis and correlation of stratigraphic, tectonic, geomorphological, and geophysical (resistivity and gravity) data from Gorny Altai and tectonic modeling on the basis of apatite fission-track thermochronology show that vertical motions have been the most active for the past 5 Ma. The uplift and subsidence produced, respectively, the Chulyshman and Ukok plateaus with high mountains around and the the Kurai-Chuya basin between them. Gravity data suggest the existence of Late Carboniferous, Jurassic, and Cretaceous rocks found in tectonic wedges around the basin at the base of its sedimentary fill.

This paper presents the thermal and hydrodynamic structure of the conduit of a thermochemical mantle plume based on the results of experimental and theoretical modeling of thermochemical plumes. The basic relations for determining the thermal power and diameter of plumes are given. Depending on the geodynamic setting of eruption, the following types of plumes are distinguished: plumes responsible for the formation of large igneous provinces (LIP); plumes with a mushroom-shaped head, responsible, in particular, for batholith formation; and plumes producing rift zones. Using geological data (extent of magmatism, age of igneous provinces, and sizes of igneous areas), we estimated the parameters of plumes in Siberia and its folded framing: mass flow rate of melt, thermal power, depth of origin, and diameters of plume conduits and heads. The plumes responsible for the formation of the Siberian LIP (relative thermal power Ka = 114.9) and the West Siberian rift system (Ka = 37.8 for each of the three plumes) originated at the core-mantle boundary and discharged in the presence of a refractory layer in the lithosphere. The Vilyui plume (Ka = 27.3) originated at the core-mantle boundary and caused the formation of a rift system in the absence of a refractory layer. The plumes that produced the Hangayn (Ka = 6.8) and Henteyn (Ka = 5.5) batholiths were initiated at the core-mantle boundary and had mushroom-shaped heads. The plumes responsible for the formation of rift zones might have originated at the 670 km discontinuity.

We consider geochemistry of Neoproterozoic metavolcanosedimentary rocks of the Bozdak Group in southern Ulutau (Central Kazakhstan) and present the first results of U-Pb LA-ICP-MS dating of clastic zircons and Sm-Nd isotope data. Isotope-geochemical and geochronological studies have shown that the Bozdak Group rocks resulted from the destruction of igneous and metamorphic complexes mostly of Neoproterozoic age with the participation of Archean and Paleoproterozoic rocks. The lower boundary of sedimentation is dated at 800 Ma. The obtained isotope-geochemical data on the Bozdak Group basaltoids suggest their formation on thick continental crust with the participation of subduction fluid.

In this study we present data on the geologic setting, geochemical and isotopic compositions, timing and P - T conditions of metamorphism of Neoproterozoic terrigenous metasediments, and associated island-arc metavolcanics of the Predivinsk terrane of the Yenisei Ridge. Relatively immature terrigenous rocks were eroded from a local source which is associated with island-arc magmatic complexes. The geochronological constraints indicate that the terrigenous rocks were eroded from juvenile crustal sources represented primarily by magmatic rocks, which are similar to those of the Predivinsk terrane. This is supported by a similar range of model ages, positive εNd values of terrigenous and magmatic rocks, and correspondence between the concordant ages of detrital zircons from metasedimentary rocks (610-640 Ma) and the U-Pb ages of zircons from rhyolites (ca. 620-640 Ma) from two suites within different sequences. The P-T conditions for volcanosedimentary rocks of the Predivinsk terrane correspond to the epidote-amphibolite facies and the transition from epidote-amphibolite to amphibolite facies. The most likely age of metamorphism due to Vendian accretion/collision events is given by Ar-Ar dates of 600-610 Ma.

We performed geological, geochronological, and isotope-geochemical studies of two tectonized-granite bodies intruding the rocks of the lower plate of the Bezymyannyi metamorphic-core complex (MCC) (western Transbaikalia). The U-Pb zircon age of sheared granites sampled on the periphery of the Bezymyannyi MCC near the detachment zone is 202 ± 2 Ma (LA-ICP-MS). The U-Pb dating (SHRIMP-II) of zircon grains from gneissic granite intruding the rocks of the lower plate in the central zone of the Bezymyannyi MCC has yielded an age of 165 ± 2 Ma. The sheared granites dated at 202 Ma (Late Triassic) have low contents of Nb and Ta and high contents of Sr and Ba, probably inherited from magmatic subduction-related sources. These granites are characterized by εNd(T) = -3.7, which, along with the high contents of K2O and medium contents of Th, testifies to the presence of continental-crust material in their source. Thus, they formed, most likely, from a mixed mantle-crust source. The studied granites, like other Triassic igneous rocks in Transbaikalia, might have originated in the suprasubduction setting during the evolution of the active continental margin of the Siberian continent. The gneissic granites dated at 165 Ma (Middle Jurassic) have high contents of K2O, Rb, and Th, are depleted in Nb, and are characterized by εNd(T) = 0 and a negative Eu anomaly on the REE patterns. They formed, most likely, from an intermediate-felsic crustal source. These Middle Jurassic granites, like other small Jurassic granitoid massifs spatially associated with MCCs in western Transbaikalia, intruded in the western part of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean after its closure, during the change of the subduction regime for the collisional one. The studied Late Triassic granites of the Bezymyannyi MCC cannot be associated with MCCs in Transbaikalia because their intrusion was related to the subduction of the oceanic plate of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean beneath the Siberian continent. The Middle Jurassic granites of the Bezymyannyi MCC, together with other small Jurassic granitoid massifs, can be classified as prekinematic intrusions formed earlier than MCCs in western Transbaikalia. However, it is unlikely that their intrusion caused a large-scaled crustal extension in Transbaikalia.

In this study we propose a new classification of rocks of the Bazhenov Formation based on the proportions of four principal components (siliceous, clay, and carbonate minerals and organic matter (kerogen)) of mostly biochemogenic and, to a lesser extent, allothigenic origin. The classification is based on the results of mineralogical and chemical analyses of more than 400 core samples from 15 wells drilled within the Bazhenov Formation, West Siberian petroleum basin. Four major classes of rocks, divided into 16 subclasses, have been recognized. The terms mixtite and kerogen-rich rock are introduced. Mixtites (biochemogenic mixtites) are defined as a class of rocks containing less than 50% of each component, including kerogen. It was shown that the most common rocks of the Bazhenov Formation are siliceous-argillaceous, kerogen-siliceous, and kerogen-argillaceous-siliceous mixtites and kerogen silicites, which together account for ~65% of all samples analyzed. The proposed approach can be used to study organic-rich black shales in different sedimentary basins worldwide.

Analysis of geological and geophysical data on the boundary zones between the Eurasian plate and other plates shows poor knowledge of the deep structure of the region. This information data will help to refine the position of the plate boundaries and the structure of the Earth’s crust and mantle. We present data on the seismicity and deep structure along the deep seismic sounding (DSS) profile running across the boundary between the Eurasian and Okhotsk plates. A comprehensive analysis of the DSS materials and seismic data shows a significant expression of this boundary zone both in the deep Earth’s crust structures and in the Moho. A zone of anomalous seismicity and deep structure extends along the DSS profile for several hundred kilometers. We have refined the position of the main boundary between the Eurasian and Okhotsk plates, which passes approximately along 144ºE.

We analyze recent crustal movements, based on data of GPS measurements on the Amurian Plate and its margins. Most of the velocities were borrowed from scientific publications. Also, our new and updated data of periodic and permanent GPS observations are presented. A continuous field of strain rates has been constructed using the combined field of movement velocities. Dilation rates and the directions and values of the main strain axes have been calculated. We have made a quantitative estimation of the maximum shear rates and their directions. Zones of background deformations in the inner part of the Amurian Plate have been revealed along with high-strain zones. Zones with intense tectonic activity, corresponding to areas of reduced lithosphere, often show manifestations of Late Cenozoic volcanism. Part of them can be interpreted as the present-day boundaries of intracontinental geoblocks and small lithospheric plates.

The paper proposes and investigates the method of measuring the height of the cloud base using the stereo pair of images taken using two digital cameras. The method of determination of camera orientation parameters required to solve the problem uses images of the night star sky. To calculate the distance to the cloud, the image shift of a fragment of the cloud as a whole is used. The selection of the fragment in the photos is performed using methods of morphological image analysis. When the stereo base is 60 m and taking pictures with a resolution of 1200 pixels in the field of view of 60 the error does not exceed 10% at the height of the cloud base less than 4 km. Optimization of the parameters of photography, including the increase of the stereo base, can significantly improve the accuracy of the estimation the height of the cloud base. Examples of estimation of the height of cloud base on the layout of the experimental setup are compared with the measurements of the laser range finder.

The applicability of the formulas obtained in the first part of the article [1] is investigated in a numerical experiment. It is shown that the geometric optics approximation is applicable only for short distances hundreds of times smaller than the corresponding length of the diffraction. Limitations, caused by the oscillations of the original integral equation kernel, lead to strong oscillations of the third derivative of the measured data. Relationships based on the asymptotic formula for a point receiver are insensitive to the oscillations of the measured data. The application of formulas for point receiver in the case of finite radius of receivers leads to smoothing inversed distributions and their shift relative to the given ones. Method of accounting for these factors is developed. The use the approximation of a point receiver together with smoothing the restored distributions leads to a partial loss in the restored data information about the turbulence spectrum. This makes it possible to simplify the solution of the inverse problem, reducing it to the calculation of the second order derivatives.

A method for measuring vertical profiles of meteorological parameters using portable automatic electronic weather station mounted on an unmanned aerial vehicle (PEWS-UAV) is proposed. Facility description and the results of the field test are presented, and PEWS-UAV development prospects are discussed.

This study deals with the application of the solution method to recover the initial tsunami waveform in a tsunami source area by inverting the remote water-level measurements for a real event. The inverse problem in question is regarded as the so-called ill-posed problem and it is regularized by means of the least square inversion using the truncated Singular Value Decomposition method. The method presented allows one to control the instability of the numerical solution and to obtain an acceptable result in spite of the ill-posedness of the problem. Moreover, it is possible to make a preliminary prediction of the quality of the inversion with a given set of observational stations and to estimate further changes in the inversion result after modifying the monitoring system.

In this paper we propose an iterative method for solving the equation, where a mapping \Upsilon acts in metric spaces, is covering in the first argument and Lipschitzian in the second one. Each subsequent element of a sequence of iterations is defined by the previous one as a solution to the equation, where can be an arbitrary point sufficiently close to. The conditions for convergence and error estimates have been obtained. The method proposed is an iterative development of the Arutyunov method for finding coincidence points of mappings. In order to determine it is proposed to perform one step using the Newton-Kantorovich method or the practical implementation of the method in linear normed spaces. The obtained method of solving the equation of the form coincides with the iterative method proposed by A.I. Zinchenko, M.A. Krasnosel'skii, I.A. Kusakin.

The notion of a special quality for approximate solutions to ill-posed inverse problems is introduced. A posteriori estimates of the quality are studied for different regularizing algorithms (RA). Examples of typical quality functionals are provided, which arise in solving linear and nonlinear inverse problems. The techniques and the numerical algorithm for calculating a posteriori quality estimates for approximate solutions of general nonlinear inverse problems are developed. The new notions of optimal and extra-optimal quality of a regularizing algorithm are introduced. The theory of regularizing algorithms with optimal and extra-optimal quality is presented, which includes an investigation of optimal properties for estimation functions of the quality. Examples of regularizing algorithms with extra-optimal quality of solutions are given, as well as examples of regularizing algorithms without such property. The results of numerical experiments illustrate a posteriori quality estimation.

This paper considers the solution of the two-dimensional wave equation with the use of the Laguerre transform. The optimal parameters of finite difference schemes for this equation have been obtained. Numerical values of these optimal parameters are specified. The finite difference schemes of second order with optimal parameters give the accuracy of the solution to the equations close to the accuracy of the solution by the scheme of fourth order. It is shown that using the Laguerre decomposition, the number of optimal parameters in comparison with the Fourier decomposition can be reduced. This reduction leads to simplification of finite difference schemes and to reduction of the number of computations, i.e. the efficiency of the algorithm.

Data assimilation problem for non-stationary model is considered as a sequence of the linked inverse problems which reconstruct, taking into account the different sets of measurement data, the space-time structure of the state functions. Data assimilation is carried out together with the identification of additional unknown function, which we interpret as a function of model uncertainty. The variational principle serves as a basis for constructing algorithms. Different versions of the algorithms are presented and analyzed. Based on the discrepancy principle, a computationally efficient algorithm for data assimilation in a locally one-dimensional case is constructed. The theoretical estimation of its performance is obtained. This algorithm is one of the core components of the data assimilation system in the frames of splitting scheme for the non-stationary three-dimensional transport and transformation models of atmospheric chemistry.

A hypersingular integral on the interval of integration with the weight function is considered. We prove the spectral ratios for hypersingular integrals on [-1, 1]. The quadrature formulas for certain integrals with the weight function are constructed. The estimation error is presented.

On non-matching grids discrete analogue conjugate-operator models of heat conduction, keeping the structure of the original model are constructed. Numerical experiments show that the difference scheme converges with second order of accuracy for the case of discontinuous parameters of the medium in the Fourier law and non-uniform grids.

It is shown that due to the periodic changes in metacentric heights of a pontoon on the astir surface of liquids in the sump of an open coal mine, the pontoon is capable to produce parametric pitching, both in the longitudinal and in the transverse directions. The equation, describing parametric pitching, is transformed to the Mathieu equation, whose factors depend both on the own frequencies and the pontoon floatability features on «calm water», and on the frequency of fluctuation of a liquid, which, in turn, is defined by the sump size. The installed regularities between parameters, characterizing parametric pitching in the longitudinal and transverse directions, and areas of its instability are revealed.

We give a complete description of the set of matrix pairs such that T is a real Toeplitz matrix, H is a real Hankel matrix, and TH = HT.

Large-scale problems of revival and development of the Russian economy can not be solved without creating a system of continuous reproduction of today's professionals. The old slogan "Cadres decide everything" today more than ever relevant. And we do not need so many specialists that support old technology as personnel capable to answer the challenges of the XXI century. To work in the conditions of new technological ways.

The authors of articles in the journal «Philosophy of Education», placed in electronic eLibrary, and consequently, in the Russian Science Citation Index System, reflect philosophically on the phenomenon of globalization and its impact on the state and changes in the modern system of education in Russia. Content analysis of articles published in the journal shows that this topic is addressed more frequently than others. The keywords «globalization», «global world», etc. in combination with «education» occur at least in 58 published articles written by 56 authors. All issues of pre-school, primary and secondary school, extracurricular complementary, secondary and higher professional, postgraduate segments of Russian education are discussed in the context of globalization. In fact, all processes are analyzed from the positions of globalization: reforms of education in modern Russia and their results, the Bologna process, the Unified State Exams and standardization of education, the mission of education in ensuring the sovereignty and national security of Russia. The pluralism of opinions reflects both conformist and oppositional aspects of joining Russia to Bologna process and borrowing attributes of foreign educational systems. At the same time, the editorial board of the journal shows only democratic position in the relation to the authors and to the diversity of their philosophical views. Productive ideas for finding of a new paradigm for Russian education, national educational policy and its modernization can be selected from a variety of authors’ opinions. These ideas are presented to the reader in the proposed article.

The article shows that Western European countries have experienced a system-genetic transformation caused by the descending individualization with its worldly ascesis. Therefore, the ways of social integration, control and administration (including conflict harmonization), and the base type of economy were formed there according to this type of individualization. In Russia, unlike Western anthropogenic civilization, intentions of rising individual creative individuation which are based not on alienation but on connection of people are realized. The potential of this individualization is extremely relevant to the arising during technical and technological development gaps of intellectual creative work. This individualization is not structural and formal by its very nature, it is carried out during direct communication and interaction. Here the «personal» and «private» (special) are not the same, and the possession of the property is not a necessary condition for individualization. Conceptions of «realistic» (based on redistribution) property, the meaning of which is to maintain social balance, are dominant in the society. Political activity occurring on the basis of this individuation is difficult to separate from the state totalitarianism. They have the same form; they are «total» in contrast to the Western variant, when the social activity is carried out under the slogan of «particularism», while the state is «responsible» for the implementation of the «general interest». This indivisibility of social and state issues leads to the fact that in Russia the cyclic regime of «pulsating» citizenship is persistently reproduced.

The relevance of the research topic is due to the continuing crisis, the local destruction of the social, natural life and global catastrophism. Global destructive processes are becoming more extensive, including in the education system. In order to take the urgent life-preserving extreme measures, it is necessary to timely recognize the devastating parasitic processes, determine their essence and content. The purpose of research is to examine a high level of organic planetary life, the social one, and to identify two opposing interrelated processes of self-motion of matter: 1) social producers which provide concentration of social matter, free-living social systems which contribute to increasing self-development and social diversity in society (C-civilization); 2) social decomposers which lead to simplification and destruction of social matter until its self-destruction (P-civilization). It is shown that in the confrontation of civilizations, the education sphere increasingly becomes the key one, supplying the right people either to C-civilization or to P-civilization. This process has acquired a global dimension, has an international content; it is required to study it on the national and global levels. The following conclusion is made: as any sphere of society, education being exposed to polar civilizations is also polarizing. The education system in the XXI century exist in almost all countries of the world, and, formally speaking, it performs the above-indicated social functions. However, this is just a form; in reality, under the influence of polar civilizations on education, one and the same external form of training organization may be filled with fundamentally different, polar contents.

Ontemporary sociocultural technologies have a powerful impact on the individual’s personality thus triggering the issue of personality preservation. The authors have reviewed only one aspect of this problem: the aspect directly related to specific features of visual information products of social networks. The research relied on the fundamentals of the youth sociology, the general concept of visual culture and some aspects of the general communication theory. The work has also extensively used the methods of theoretical and empirical research. Visual self-representation of a personality in Instagram has become the actual subject of this research. According to the authors, communication in this network is based on the three-component model of a sociocultural mechanism of information impact: a producer (addresser) of information - a network user; an information product - posted pictures; a consumer (addressee) of information - as a rule, unidentified. In order to analyze the target audience of addressers (producers) of information products, a poll was conducted via a special online questionnaire. The results of the poll show that the main audience of the network users is young people between 16 and 25. Pictures have become a unit of analyzing the information product in the Internet. However, we were not able to use the method of content-analysis in the full due to the huge number of posted pictures and insufficient storage capacity of the PC. Therefore, only several elements of the content-analysis have been used. Over 3000 pictures posted in Instagram have been analyzed. Selfies are prevailing among them (over 1000), followed by pictures of food and animals (over 500) and nature (over 200). The research has revealed two fundamental controversies: publicity of the posted pictures, which sometimes are very personal and even intimate, along with rather harsh and negative response to any attempt of intruding into the personal space of a network user; an acute loneliness of young people and a great need in communication, accompanied by the intentional communication avoidance in the real world. The research has resulted in the following conclusions. The Instagram information product is a means of self-presentation for the young people in the social picture network. The real world fragments on pictures can be either real or staged (installation and performance, where animals can become main characters). Selfies are aimed at representing the user’s self by the principle: «Look! Here am I!». The posted images range from ordinary pictures of real people to the overt provocation beyond the bounds of decency. This self-representation is virtually a self-simulacrum. A visual image at the posted picture is a code that carries an information message. A producer of information product and its consumer can belong to different subcultures; in this case, the coded information will be deciphered according to the laws of intercultural communication.

In the article, on the basis of the dialectical approach, the dynamics of the international and the national in the national politics in Soviet and post-Soviet periods is examined. The discrepancies are noted in the interpretations of the «national» which is not always treated as purely ethnic. The orientation of the national policy of the Soviet Union towards harmonization of the international and the national implied a long process of forming a single nation of the Soviet people. For this purpose, a great contribution was made to the equalization of opportunities of the representatives of different ethnic groups in education and further social mobility. The author notes that in addressing these tasks, the Soviet government gradually paid more attention to the training and education of representatives of the titular ethnic groups, which had become in the national republics transmitters of the policy of the government of the USSR. The policy of «indigenization» in the weakening of the influence of the party in the republics over time was a catalyst of centrifugal forces which led to the growth of ethnic identity. However, despite the assumption made by foreign Sovietologists of the strengthening of the Soviet policy of assimilation, the citizens of the country managed to maintain a balance of ethnic and civil identification, as well as Patriotic attitude to the «small Homeland» and mother tongue, as evidenced by the large number of people of different ethnic groups in the late 80-ies which used native language as a means of communication at home and at work. Nevertheless, the strengthening of ethnocentric attitudes, fueled by ethnic elites in the national republics led to the subsequent «parade of sovereignties» and the development of the concepts of national schools, opposing the national to the international. The author comes to conclusion that the actions in the management of national policies in the post-Soviet space have led to imbalances in inter-ethnic relations, impoverished educational practice and greatly weakened the capacity of the country. Thus, the dynamics of interest in the international cooperation is an objective and positive factor in the further development of the country.

The article studies the issue of the mode of being of scientific values on the material of the history of Russian science in order to demonstrate the importance of interpersonal communication between the educator and the student in the teaching process. The reproduction of the scientific community, i.e. training new generations of scientists, is not only the act of transferring some knowledge and skills to the beginners, but also the adoption of the ideals and values of science by them. M. Polanyi called the kind of knowledge that cannot be conveyed by mean of wording ‘tacit knowledge.’ Value orientations also belong to this type of knowledge. The recognition of unverbalized traditions enriches the picture of science, making it more complete. By taking into account the statements of scientists themselves, the paper attempts to evaluate how important it is for them, in the course of their scientific research, to exercise interpersonal communication and to receive the example of a colleague or teacher directly giving samples of values to be followed.

The author uses the example of two of the regional Russian universities to describe the processes of transformation of the organizational structure and management system in the modern university in a reforming university system. The analysis of the current situation has shown that the status of a national research university leads, on one hand, to an increase in funding and a qualitative leap in the development of the university, on the other, to a sharp narrowing of the space of the university democracy and the weakening of the influence of the professors’ community. It is concluded that the presence of these trends is a concern in the professor environment, and their continuation would lead, eventually, to the fall in the quality of education. It is concluded that the fight with the trends of narrowing of the inter-university democracy and the weakening of the influence of professors is possible mainly by the maximum diversification of sources (primarily financial) for development of universities, primarily due to an active search for private investors. It can be the money of alumni association or large companies interested in long-term cooperation with the university. The notable growth of such revenues will inevitably lead to increased influence of those same boards of trustees as parallel bodies, if not routine (operational) management of the university, but the definition of strategic objectives and the sources of its development, which, at the impressive volumes of parallel financing (here we talk about public universities), it can act on an equal footing with both the university and the state bureaucracy.

The article discusses the reasons for spreading social apathy among modern Russian teachers, which manifests itself as a lack of initiative, indifference, lack of interest in high educational achievement, loss of interest in the profession. The article shows that Russian and foreign researchers, while analyzing the characteristics of teachers' motivation and possibilities to overcome apathy, have focused on the personal and institutional factors. Meanwhile, the personal characteristics of teachers (high neuroticism, high personal responsibility and significance of labor, the selfishness, the importance of the material well-being or, conversely, self-sacrifice, leading ultimately to disappointment in the profession), according to Russian authors, are the main determinant of burnout and apathy, and institutional features of teaching are significant condition in the psychosocial well-being of teachers. Despite the fact that the Western education system lacks many significant shortcomings that in Russia provoke, for example, dissatisfaction with the teaching profession (such as low prestige, insufficient wages, etc.), foreign teachers also feel the negative impact of the organizational factors, which usually include disagreement with the decisions of the administration, unmet needs in recognition, discipline problems, unmotivated and uninterested students, bureaucracy, etc. The article shows that the limited influence on teachers’ personality traits forces us to associate the solution to the problem of social apathy with impact on the institutional environment. The scientists suggest solving the problem of increasing motivation and satisfaction with the profession through the impact on retaining (hygienic) and motivating factors of the work environment. The article concludes that the changes in these factors have no significant effect on motivation of Russian teachers. The article suggests that the prevalence of social apathy among teachers should be associated not only with the specificity of the Russian educational system, but also with recent transformation of value orientations and socio-cultural conditions of teaching, which manifests itself in a keen perception of the profession shortcomings and in the changing social requirements to the teachers. This fact assumes the use of term social apathy that implies not so much a psychological characteristic or state of the individual, but a common objectified social trait, arising due to certain transformations of modern society.

Today, the priority role in education belongs to the methods and technologies of learning in which the student activity is productive, creative and exploratory. And here the project activity of pupils becomes a priority. In the article, the content of project activities in preschool education is considered and the criteria of its effective implementation are proposed.

This article analyzes the theoretical and practical ways of formation of the value attitude of the students of the agricultural higher education institution to future professional activity and agricultural work. We consider the philosophical and pedagogical problem of education and socialization of students in the educational process, the analysis of the forms, methods and techniques of work on the formation of value relation of the agriculture students to the future professional activity. The authors of the article conclude that the value attitude of the agrarian university students to social-professional activities, and agricultural work should be formed beginning from the first year of study. The scope of vocational training should include a targeted program to provide the necessary conditions for the formation of the value attitude of students to future professional activities. The leading ones are the sphere of training, educational and informative activities, through which the new knowledge is gained, the horizons are broaden, intellectual level of the individual grows; the sphere of creative, spiritual development, where there takes place the formation of emotional culture of the specialist, developing empathy, creative individuality, creativity of the individual; the sphere of professional work, in which there takes place development and consolidation of professional skills, habits and professional behavior and activity patterns, experience is acquired in establishing professional and labor relations, ensures the development of self-reliance, initiative, active creative activity of future specialist; the sphere of healthy lifestyle, in which the person masters traditions and norms of behavior, relationship to the resources of the human body, the basics of hygiene and careful attitude to one’s own health; the sphere of leisure and student life, through which the conceptions of the future expert on the rational use of free time, develop the right mode of learning activity and recreation, and aesthetics of the workplace and home furnishings; the skills are developed of social communication, business and personal contacts, the exchange of socio-cultural and professional experience and so on.

The aim of the article is to analyze the theoretical problems associated with the axiological aspect of socialization in postmodern society and the consideration of interference of man and society in the process of their interaction. In the crisis period, when the social structure is under stress due to external or internal factors, values can also undergo significant changes. In postmodern society, the following structure of socialization can be determined: planning, correspondence, portraiture. During axiological analysis of socialization of the individual authors came to the conclusion that the formation of valuable orientations of the person is carried out in the process of socialization, and the universal values of culture have important functions in the integration of the social space. Values have the ability to organize reality, they contribute to its understanding of evaluation points. Values are always conditioned by the cultural context, which makes the inherent value of different cultures, in many respects different from each other. As part of the same culture the change of value orientations can occur and this can lead to very serious social consequences - the loss of reference points leads to alienation from society, contributes to the marginalization of the individual and the denial of its cultural norms.

The article is devoted to the problems of teaching design cycle disciplines. The curriculum of the Department of Arts and Design includes a section of environmental design, which involves the study of design techniques of various interiors and museums. Museums are the most promising and real orders for the objects, which the young professionals will fulfill after graduation. Many years of experience in the practice of artistic and cultural activities, a large teaching experience in the system of art education give the authors a possibility to provide some advice to students, the future experts in the field of environmental design. The article deals with two very different examples from the practice of museum exhibitions of design and allow students to choose guidelines in performing activities that will help open the way to designing new things, new products, new spatial structures. The first example shows the specific actions of the design artists who, having received the order, plunged into the atmosphere of continuous conflicts. Reinforced concrete architecture of the proposed premises in no way provides conditions for placing the items taken from a purely rustic environment surrounded by trees. The dimensions of rural huts are not commensurate with the size of a modern building (the difference in ceiling height). The small size of the village windows allowing just a limited amount of daylight and creating twilight is not commensurate with the powerful stream of light that pass through the huge windows of modern schools, etc. In short, there are endless conflict situations there that require ingenuity in solving them. And it is good! The second example is an example of how to create an «easel-project», which provides wide opportunities for fantasy and proposals, sometimes even absurd. Any artist, and especially the young designer, must have freedom in the choice of means and methods of designing of various objects.

The aim of the article is to analyze the problems of formation of graphic culture of students in the modern virtual space of the university. Currently, there is an urgent need for an analysis of social virtual reality, which appeared as a result of development of communication technologies, entailed significant changes in society and education. Virtual reality is social; it has a reflective base, as it is simulated by the actors of this process. In social reality there are new kinds of realities that are virtual; and technological environment for creating them is the Internet. One of the important areas of social virtual space is a virtual educational environment of the university, which in recent years has played a significant role in Russian higher education system. One of the problems of modern educational philosophy and pedagogy is to develop new types and forms of organization of the educational process of the University in the virtual space. As the general theoretical foundation of special technical (engineering) education, there are considered the graphic disciplines, which are one of the most important component in the training of technicians who implemented it in the virtual space of education. Graphic training of engineering students is the basis for the training of the future engineer. Its specificity is that it is mainly formed in the virtual education space that is set by the teacher. Engineering languages of the graphical representation of information belong to the area of graphic-geometrical disciplines, the most completely using the professional communicative function. The graphic culture is defined in the article as an expression of maturity and development of the productively realized in the professional activity system of qualities, formed in the virtual pedagogical space, which includes a graphical horizons and thesaurus, formed by a system of graphic knowledge.

In the article, the author notes that training in the academic drawing in pedagogical higher education institution represents process of consecutive formation and development in students of certain professional qualities (art perception, graphic representations). The image of a still life in this context creates conditions not only for training of students in certain practical skills, but also for formation of complete system of vision, perception and reproduction of nature. According to the author, competently created educational arrangement is a major condition for the organization of process of visual perception for the image which is used for the purpose of its professional development. Each educational still life has to be the carrier of certain spatial and rhythmic regularities, then such work will not be a simple «study» of the nature, but will gain an art and figurative value, thanks to spatial and rhythmic idea which is born in itself by the arrangement of the nature and need from the student to see it, and during judgment to create the initial plan which is realized in the subsequent graphic actions. The subjects making a still life have to be various by the sizes and in a form that gives the chance to students in the course of drawing to compare them according to various characteristics, to reveal individual traits of each of them, coordinating them thus in the uniform composite structure subordinated to certain spatial and rhythmic communications. In the arrangement of an educational still life from household items, it is necessary to accent the main task which promotes formation of a plan. Therefore, the arrangement of a still life usually begins with the main thing, the center of composition. For this purpose, the items are used bearing in itself certain rhythmic regularities on the basis of which the main spatial and rhythmic idea of all statement is formed. In addition to the main items, one selects others coordinated with the composite center. The size and arrangement of all other parts and elements of the image depend on size and an arrangement of the subject chosen as the composite center. This dependence in creation of the image is defined by spatial and rhythmic construction. In turn, the rhythm in creation of harmony of a visual row in drawing of a still life depends not only on communication of the composite center with all other parts of the image, but also on mutual rhythmic and plastic communication of these parts with each other. In order that the student could see visually all these characteristics, it is necessary for the teacher not only to make the arrangement competently, but also to correctly define its position in relation to the students so that, while perceiving the model, they could see the entire course and logic of perception of the form and space.

On the basis of provisions of the Russian legislation on physical culture and sports, as well as the experience of teaching physical education in the higher education institutions, the authors show the place and role of physical education in the process of formation of an integral personality of the student in higher education. The main purpose of formation of physical culture in the higher education institution is revealed. It is proved that the formation and strengthening of physical and psycho-emotional personality traits should be carried out taking into account a variety of conditions of pedagogical process: first of all, the quality of psychophysical training of various groups of students; the GTO requirements for higher education institutions; optimal inclusion of physical education into the general organization of the educational process; coordinated allocation of educational and extracurricular time in the course of physical training. It is also necessary to take account the seasonal and climatic factors for engaging in certain types of physical training and sport. The article deals with the specifics of the physical education of young people in winter sports. The importance of this aspect of the training is determined by the natural and geographical conditions in which the population of our country lives, especially in the Siberian region. Since the person should be prepared for the harsh conditions of existence in the sharply continental climate, and his/her body adapted to the cold time of the year, the winter period, some special physical education program are needed preparing students for a variety of winter sports. The focus is on the most widely used cross-country skiing.

The article examines the socio-pedagogical regularities of management in the direction of formation of a healthy way of life in the process of upbringing and self-management. Since the end of the twentieth century in Russia, a socio-pedagogical problem of formation of a healthy lifestyle (HLS) started to be considered. This need has arisen both from the needs of practice (due to a sharp deterioration in the health of the Russian population, especially children and young people) and the theoretical knowledge (in the form of a question about the essence, content and optimal ways of formation of a healthy lifestyle of children and youth in pedagogy and adults in androgogy). To investigate the designated issues, we consider fundamental characteristics of educational activities, which are the patterns of anthropo-social management (by the human being and social groups) as applied to pedagogical science. We identify several types of pedagogical management, clearly yielding different results in the process of mastering a healthy lifestyle. Also shown is an alternative anti-pedagogical management for destruction of healthy lifestyle and initiation to the unhealthy lifestyle. These are the following types of pedagogical management: 1) liberal (manipulative-phantom) in which teacher and student are equated to each other, where there is «much bustle and nothing»; 2) dictatorial (elitist-mass) with the dictate of the teacher and suppression of the student autonomy; 3) traditional (mentoring-developing), where the roles of teacher and student are differentiated, the first translates the tradition not suppressing the intelligence and autonomy of the student, and the latter is able to transfer him/herself this tradition in the future. We analyze the patterns of the traditional pedagogical management, leading the student from the external to the internal control and self-management. The examples of such management from the educational work at the higher education institution are given. It is substantiated that this type of management is associated with the formation of stable living patterns of a healthy lifestyle.

The article discusses the formation of a healthy lifestyle among students in Russian universities. It is noted that to the universities the most talented and motivated young people enter, who in the near future will take an important position in the socio-political, social, recreational, educational, spiritual, cultural, industrial, environmental, etc. activities of the country. Therefore, on the sound mental and physical health of future specialists there depends largely the full implementation of the basic plan for the future development of Russia. Meanwhile, as shown by a number of researches of the scientists at the beginning of the XXI century, the real health of students turns out to be on a low level. The lifestyle of young people is far from that which is indicated in the psychological and educational literature as a «healthy lifestyle». The lifestyle is characterized by disorganization, some students to engage in unhealthy behaviors and even bad habits. Meanwhile, most of the students and their parents, according to the opinion polls, believe that it is in the higher education institution that they should be able to obtain correct knowledge and skills for organizing a healthy lifestyle. An analysis of this problem on the national level has led to an important undertaking: the organization, since 2009, of the annual All-Russian competition for the title of «University of the Russian way of life». The article highlights the activities of the Altai State Medical University within the program of All-Russian competition and nationwide movement in the direction of «higher education institution of a healthy lifestyle».

Among the Russian student youth, and, which is noteworthy, especially among medical students, a very dangerous situation has been formed connected with increasing deterioration in the condition of health. Especially worrying is the high incidence of decease of medical students, who themselves in the near future will become certified physicians, will treat people, should set an example for the patients, even though they themselves are not able to keep their own health. The task of the teachers of physical training, together with medical professionals, is familiarizing students with poor health to moderate, appropriate to their abilities, physical education and healthy lifestyles. To maintain the level of health and restoration of human health, there are developed in the pedagogy of Physical Education and Sports some special technologies, known as health-preserving. In general, these technologies, the system of educational technologies (sports and recreation, health care, prevention, and so on) ensure the interconnection and interaction of all the factors of the educational environment, aimed at preserving the health of students. They form the basis of the relevant section of pedagogy. The health-preserving technologies are crucial when working with students who have poor health. These students in the physical education are combined in special medical group (according to the year of study, groups of diseases, in the interests of self-healing, and so forth.). The entire contingent of students is divided into three main groups according to their state of health: basic (healthy), preparatory (weak physical training) and special medical group with two subgroups, «A» and «B» (the third and fourth groups of health). For the students of these special medical groups, there are developed special educational health technologies, special complexes of exercises, with the distribution of physical activity: from the low ones to the complexes of remedial gymnastics, as well as theoretical valeological classes. The article presents the experience of teachers in working with students of special medical groups. The main task of the teacher of physical education in this case is not to harm poor health, improve the capacity of the vital forces, seek to improve well-being and the desire of students to organize their own healthy lifestyle.

In the pedagogical knowledge in the system of preschool education since the end of the XX century, a new direction, the health-improvement pedagogy, has been developed. The author’s studies on the subject indicate that this direction of pedagogy can also be successfully developed as applied to higher levels of education-upbringing process. The author proves that the health-improvement pedagogy can provide effective results in relation to the school and higher education. At these levels of education, it promotes a number of important educational-upbringing processes: first, the formation of civil, moral-spiritual, artistic-aesthetic qualities of the personality of students; secondly, the formation, strengthening and building the potential of health of pupils and students in the process of increasingly higher level of mastering physical culture, gaining a healthy lifestyle; thirdly, the development of health-creating outlook, including deep understanding of the importance of psycho-spiritual and bodily health of the human being, which is especially important at the stages of personality formation. On the theoretical-methodological level, the health-improvement pedagogy is directly related to the philosophical-scientific and general pedagogical knowledge: philosophy of education, philosophy of health, philosophy, optimology, the theory of a healthy lifestyle. In practical terms, the health-improvement pedagogy becomes a methodological, didactic and methodological tool for the formation of important human qualities in school education and professional qualities of the person in higher education. In the article, the mechanisms are revealed of formation of professional-moral qualities of the secular and religious student youth by means of physical training on the basis of the health-improvement pedagogy.