Home – Home – Jornals – Journal of Applied Mechanics and Technical Physics 2016 number 6

The problem of initiation and stabilization of detonation combustion of a hydrogen-air mixture injected into an axisymmetric channel with a finite-length central body in a flow with a Mach number M₀=5-9 is solved. It is numerically demonstrated that the presence of the central body both in a convergent-divergent nozzle and in an expanding channel leads to stabilization of detonation combustion of a stoichiometric hydrogen-air mixture at free-stream Mach numbers M₀>7. Various channel configurations that ensure different values of thrust generated by detonation combustion of a stoichiometric hydrogen-air mixture are compared.

The existence of axiradial acoustic resonance oscillations of the main air flow in bypass channels of aviation engines is demonstrated theoretically and experimentally. Numerical and analytical methods are used to determine the frequency of the acoustic resonance oscillations for the lowest modes of open and closed bypass channels of the PS-90A engine. Experimental investigations reveal new acoustic resonance phenomena arising in the air flow in the cavities of the bypass channels in the main duct of this engine owing to instability of the main air flow. The results of numerical, analytical, and experimental studies of the resonance frequencies reached in the flow in the bypass cavities in the main duct of the PS-90A engine are found to be in reasonable agreement. As a result, the types of the resonance oscillations in the bypass channels can be accurately described.

The example of two non-stationary forces is used to study the impact of external influences leading to the occurrence of additional ponderomotive forces on the wave modes of the film freely flowing down a vertical surface. In the first case, the ferromagnetic fluid film is affected by the electric field. For the given forces, in the case of small flow rates, the problem is reduced to the solution of a model equation for the perturbation of the film thickness. The numerical solutions of the problem are obtained, and several characteristic scenarios of evolution of periodical perturbations are considered. It is shown that changes in the boundaries of the region of linear stability of the unperturbed flow with a flat free surface under the influence of ponderomotive forces has a great impact on the flow.

The dynamic behavior of the magma melt saturated with a strongly compressed gas at a high temperature, which is located between two rigid boundaries aligned symmetrically with respect to the vertical axis, is considered. A constant pressure is maintained at the channel bottom, while the pressure in the medium is initially distributed in accordance with the hydrostatic law. The top of the channel is hermetically sealed with a plug, which is affected by a constant pressure equal to the atmospheric value. The state of the melt after instantaneous removal of the plug is studied.

The problem of gas pressure equalization in a porous medium filling a tube with a closed end upon impact is solved.In this case, the initial filtration velocity behind the shock wave should be specified as initial data, in addition to the impact pressure.It is shown that the pressure surge decays at a finite distance and pressure equalization occurs in a finite time. Approximate submodels of discontinuous and smooth solutions are obtained.

An analytical study of the entropy generation rate and heat transfer in a flow of immiscible couple stress fluids between two horizontal parallel plates under a constant pressure gradient is performed. Both plates are kept at different and constant temperatures higher than that of the fluid. The Stokes couple stress flow model is employed. The classical no-slip condition is prescribed at the plates, and continuity of the velocity, rotation, couple stress, shear stress, temperature, and heat flux is imposed at the interfaces. The velocity and temperature distributions are found analytically, and they are used to compute the entropy generation number and Bejan number. The effects of the couple stress parameter and Reynolds number on the velocity, temperature, entropy generation number, and Bejan number are investigated. It is observed that the friction near the plates in couple stress fluids decreases as the couple stress increases.

Forced oscillations of a cylindrical drop of an inviscid liquid surrounded by another liquid and bounded in the axial direction by rigid planes are investigated.The system is affected by vibrations whose force is directed parallel to the axis of symmetry of the drop. The speed of motion of the contact line is proportional to the deviation of the contact angle from the value at which the drop is in equilibrium. Linear and nonlinear oscillations are considered. The conditions of the occurrence of resonance are determined.

The self-gravitating instability of the present model is discussed by using a simple linear theory. The problem is formulated for a rotating fluid layer, and a dispersion relation valid for all kinds of perturbations is derived and discussed. The self-gravitating force is found to be a destabilizing factor for a small range of wavenumbers, while it is stabilizing in other ranges, depending on the density ratio of the fluids. For high values of the angular velocity, the rotational force produces a stabilizing effect and can suppress the self-gravitating instability. In the absence of the self-gravitating force, the model of a rotating fluid layer is marginally stable

A flow past a heterogeneous porous sphere is investigated by using the perturbation theory. The flow through the sphere is divided into two zones, which are fully saturated with the viscous fluid, and the flow in these zones is governed by the Brinkman equation. The space outside the sphere, where a clear fluid flows, is also divided into two zones: the Navier-Stokes zone and the Oseen flow zone. The solutions on the interface inside the sphere are matched with the condition proposed by Merrikh and Mohammad. The stream function in the Navier-Stokes zone is matched with that on the sphere surface by the condition proposed by Ochoa-Tapia and Whitaker. It is found that the drag on the spherical shell decreases as the permeability toward the sphere boundary increases.

A similarity solution for a steady laminar mixed convection boundary layer flow of a nanofluid near the stagnation point on a vertical permeable plate with a magnetic field and a buoyancy force is obtained by solving a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. These equations are solved analytically by using a new kind of a powerful analytic technique for nonlinear problems, namely, the homotopy analysis method (HAM). Three different types of nanoparticles, namely, copper Cu, alumina Al₂O₃, and titanium oxide TiO₂, with water as the base fluid are considered. The influence of the volume fraction of nanoparticles, permeability parameter, magnetic parameter, and mixed convection parameter on the surface shear stress and surface heat transfer, as well as on the velocity and temperature profiles, is considered. It is observed that the skin friction coefficient and the local Nusselt number increase with the nanoparticle volume fraction for all types of nanoparticles considered in this study. The greatest values of the skin friction coefficient and the local Nusselt number are obtained for Cu nanoparticles.

Schlieren visualization is used to study the generation of Mach waves and impact noise in a wide range of frequencies by single supersonic jets and by groups of jets in the Mach number range M=1-4.

A two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic boundary layer flow of the Eyring-Powell fluid on a stretching surface in the presence of thermal radiation and Joule heating is analyzed. The Soret and Dufour effects are taken into account. Partial differential equations are reduced to a system of ordinary differential equations, and series solutions of the resulting system are derived. Velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles are obtained. The skin friction coefficient and the local Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are computed and analyzed.

The article considers the possible course of development of accounting history, involving study of the regularities incidental to practice of public reporting by companies. Accounting is viewed as an element of relations, consisting of supply and acquisition of goods in a competitive environment, and accounting practice is viewed as a part of processes of evolution of social life, occurring mainly as a result of certain behavior of its participants. The possibilities of application of the provisions of contemporary economic Darwinism, based on theories of T. Veblen, G. Tarde, E. Durkheim, F. Bass, to accounting theory are estimated. Materials of the research dedicated to the development of the practice of new forms of reporting in pre-revolutionary Russian and modern world are considered. Works of contemporary authors, reflecting trends of spread of new forms of reporting of companies in economic life of society are analyzed.

In this article the experience of state planned economy of the USSR is analyzed. The author’s line item concerning teaching the theory of planning in modern conditions, in market conditions in which the technique of indicative planning has the prevailing value is stated. Separate elements of a technique of indicative planning are allocated from the general theory of planning, and objective need of entering of a new, separate, special rate «Planning - a method of knowledge of the objective world» is proved. Such rate, according to the author, on the one hand, would give the chance of a systematic statement of organizational and methodical matters, on the other hand, allocation of these questions from a general rate of planning that would promote development in a general rate of really theoretical questions of modern planning in the conditions of forming market the relations.

This article about analysis of the modern transformation processes taking place in society. They are considered by the example of the so-called anthropological trends associated with radical changes in human identity. The authors propose the hypothesis that the virtualization of human society appears as an anthropological trend. The authors offer the system of indicators characterizing the trend of virtualization. The data, showing the reality of the trend of virtualization, analyzed using statistical methods.

The nature of differentiation of the level of salary in the Russian economy in terms of categories of employees and types of activity is considered. The dynamic data of Rosstat (Federal State Statistics Service) on salary of executives, specialists and workers from 2005 till 2013 is used as the statistical base. Significant differences in the amount of salary of each category of workers by type of activity are revealed. It is shown that there was no equalization of the salary level in terms of type of activity for each of the involved categories of the employed people during the analysis period; increase of the differences was the general trend.

This paper proposes a new method for constructing dynamic composite indices that has two important properties, such as nonnegative weights and dynamic comparability. The method is applied to construct a composite index of population health, as an example. The current method of composite indices’ construction is compared to existing approaches, namely the principal component method and the technique suggested by D. Borzykh in 2016. In contrast to the latter, the new approach meets both requirements, i.e. dynamic comparability and nonnegativity of weights. Thus, it is shown that the method suggested in this paper has the best properties.

This article analyzes the dynamics of the number of marriages and divorces in the country; study of marital structure of the population. The dynamics of the structure of private households and the population living in them; composition of family units by marital status, with children and without children, single-parent families. Revealed ongoing structural shifts that characterize the family structure of the population by categories and regions of the country. Produced grouping of RF subjects on the average size of private households and the features of the family structure of the population in the regions of the country.

The article defines the investment preference in the securities market and presents the classification of its characteristics. It is shown that each group of investors has individual objectives and subjective needs, which depend considerably on individual investment preferences, in the course of their activity in the securities market. The factors, defining formation of the characteristics of investment preferences of investors, are revealed and described in detail; the relation between the factors, investment preferences and decisions made by investors in the securities market is shown.

Misstatements due to fraudulent financial reporting, as a special type of opportunistic behavior, may inflict serious damage on firms, as well as disturb the stability of the national financial system as a whole. From this point of view, it is extremely important to explore methods, which allow us to detect the financial statements manipulation with the minimum of the analytical efforts. According to economic literature, Benford’s law can be used as the statistical tool for testing the reliability of financial reporting. It seems that methods, based on Benford’s distribution, give simple and effective technique for the realization of the necessary analytical procedures. At the same time, questions of practical applicability of Benford’s law for determination of reliability of financial statements remain open. This article aims to contribute to the solution of this problem. We hypothesized the existence of positive relationships between accruals ratio and mean absolute deviation. The last measure shows the degree of conformity of the actual proportion of occurrence a particular digit within the dataset to Benford’s law. Statistical testing states that the hypothesis is not true. Therefore, it becomes very important the further development of methods aimed at the identifying of false financial statements through the coefficients of financial analysis.

The article considers the informational constraints, depriving a user of financial reporting of the opportunity of obtaining reliable and honest information on the specific company resource - business standing. The constraints are stipulated by conceptual inaccuracies, non-compliance with legal form and economic substance, subjectivity of presentation and disclosure of business standing information in accounting. The authors suggest expansion of the informational constraints by virtue of revision of the methodological approaches and methodic tools to the business standing accounting.

In a highly competitive and volatile economic situation in the country, one of the major problems is the low investment activity of corporations. The article deals with stage investment process, the corporation that promotes the preservation of the capital structure of the corporation in the positive dynamics and to maximize the economic benefit to investors. We studied the internal and external factors affecting the process of investment activity of corporations development. And are the main tools to facilitate its activation and development.

The article is devoted to the structure and content of accounting policy for accounting purposes in enterprises of bread-baking. The evaluation of accounting policy on the example of enterprises of bread-making, highlighting its strengths and weaknesses. The proposed sequence of the evaluation of accounting policies and the accounting policies that must be specified in the disclosure of organizational, technical and methodological aspects. Selected recommendations for improving accounting policies of baking with the features of activities.

The article considers the eventful approach to the description of the economic processes and related notions: «facts of economic life», «facts of household processes» and «facts of economic processes». It is defined that facts are special cases of events. The necessity for registration of three types of events (events of economic processes, events of monitoring of economic processes and events of data entry into the accounting information system) is considered. It is suggested to expand the accounting information system by current events and planned and anticipated events, and not only facts of economic processes.

The article presents the key concepts of formation of product quality, aimed at increase of business performance. Methodological bases and modern tools for implementation are provided for each concept. It is shown that the possibilities regarding implementation of the concept with the selected orientation are defined by the business position on the market, its technical and intellectual potential.

The article considers the issues of influence of bulk information on man. The definition of bulk information is given. It is shown that bulk information is a context of the information environment, representing the prevailing information. Five features of bulk information are revealed. Relation between type of state and homogeneity of bulk information is shown. The influence of bulk information on human is proved. Four types of information environment are revealed. It is shown that the influence can be positive or negative depending on the nature of bulk information. The main factors of influence of bulk information on man are presented.

Employment of ex-students is the logical conclusion of the process of socialization in high school. Researches show that confidence in future employment can be assessed as a characteristic activity of the student in the process of socialization. The allocation of students into groups of differing estimates of the employment prospects, allows to test the hypothesis about the influence of these assessments on the nature and direction of the process of higher school socialization. The analysis is based on the author’s scheme of empirical indicators. The article used research data «Socialization and education of University students», conducted in 2011. Direct relationship between likelihood of employment and socialization path of the student in high school is shown in the article. Based on the author’s scheme of empirical indicators of this generalized description of socialization paths of each group. Proven hypothesis suggests that among students are those who represent risks for the institution of higher education (institutional level) and for students (individual level). The risks are associated with insufficient level of system’s implementation. Its functions in socialization of student’s youth and the loss of a student the amount of knowledge and social skills during the period of study in high school.

The article analyzes work of trade unions in protection of social and economic interests of employed youth on the basis of empirical data of the authors mass survey, conducted via questionnaire in Belgorod region in 2014-2015. It is proved that employed youth of Belgorod region is fully engaged in trade union events and uses resources of trade unions for solution of social and economic issues. At the same time the youth is characterized by low level of trade union activism, stipulated by insufficient information support of activity of trade unions, non-criticality of the youth in assessment of trade union work.

The article proves actuality of study of inter-generational relations, main positive and negative features of the younger and older generation are considered. The vision of the reasons of inter-generational controversy is formed on the basis of data of the research of Public Opinion Foundation and Russian Public Opinion Research Center in the period from 2001 till 2014, and the trend to making mutual understanding is proved. A number of reasons led to increase of solidarity of the generations in the latest decade are also described. Thus, a new format of inter-generational relations - subject-subjective is presented.

The article deals with the issues of employers’ requirements to the quality characteristics of the young workers. The study shows that professional competence, as well as personal and business qualities of youth are the main criteria for employment, while knowledge of the specifics of enterprise activities and the availability of work experience are the main formal requirements to the job seeker. In conclusion it is stated that employers prefer immediate cooperation with potential applicants who possess required quality characteristics, avoiding systematic work to improve the general level of training of students of educational institutions.

Crisis development of the modern Russian economy is accompanied by mass dismissal of personnel. In this regard recruiting technologies, making it possible to employ workers of different profession and level of qualification in a very short time, become quite popular. Many enterprises and organization use outplacement to solve the issue; it doesn’t only make it possible to find a suitable work, but also permits the worker to master the search technologies and methods of passing screen tests independently. Notwithstanding that outplacement is quite widely spread in developed capitalistic countries, it’s not very popular in Russia, although the actual practice proves its effectiveness. Outplacement services can be rendered by both recruitment and consulting agencies, and by enterprise as well.

In this article the theoretical approaches to the nature and contents of the category of «vital resource» are reflected. The results of the study allow us to state that the scientific interest to the problems of the human capital; its vital components are aspects insufficiently studied. The analysis of the main indicators of the formation and the tendencies of the vital resources development suggests that Russia lags far behind developed countries in the majority of the human development characteristics. Special attention is given to identifying factors and causes contributing to the poor quality of the life resources of the Russian population, which is extremely important on the background of the global trends of increasing value of a person. The measures to maintain and preserve the vital components of the human capital in terms of increasing physical shortage of the human resources in Russia are proposed. The synergetic approach to the study of the human capital allows to appreciate its vital elements through the interplay of economic, social, demographical, medical aspects in a new way, and change the vector of the scientific discourse towards the recognition of the Supreme value of human life resources.

The peculiarities of the development and use of human capital in industrial regions (on the materials of the Kemerovo region). It proposed an improved model of the «vicious circle» of reducing the human capital in the regions of this type. On the basis of economic and statistical analysis concludes that the reduction of wasted human capital. This is due to low return on investment and motivation to them, which leads to a reduction in human capital, even if it initially acceptable level and the availability of investment potential.

The article considers the possibilities of the software application for determination of comfort conditions of work with user interface. The search for such conditions is made using tests in accordance with Fitts’s and Hick’s laws. The algorithm and screenshots of dialog windows, presented in the article, demonstrate functional capabilities of the software application. A control element of the user interface, clicked by a user, is a «target» one. The article considers an example, where recommendations on provision of the required access time to the «target» control element were made. The software application can be used for custom settings of user interfaces of information systems for user with different level of training.

In the article are given the reasons for relevance of the main changes which need to be done in the monitoring of level and quality of life of citizens of advanced age by results of 5 years’ experiences. Approbation of the main innovations on increase and recalculation of quotas of a sample, updating of tools of research and inclusion of new contractors (interviewers from persons employed of Job centers for poll of the working elderly Muscovites) is had been decided to begin in 2016. From the XI stage of monitoring in all organizations of social servicing of system of social protection of Moscow responsible for carrying out monitoring these innovations have been implemented. One of the main innovations on attraction to carrying out poll of the independent interviewers (who are not employees of the system of work and social protection) assumes collection of specific information on elderly respondents by strangers. The senior generation of Muscovites represents diverse on structure a community: long-livers and ≪young≫ elderly, disabled people and persons without restriction of opportunities of health, participants and veterans of the Great Patriotic War, lonely (≪risk group≫) and having family, working and finished a labor activity, receiving the help from system of social protection (at home and in organization) and the elderly citizens of the capital who are not using services, etc. Besides, elderly Muscovites are hypochondriac, have feeling of uneasiness, subjectively experience vulnerability and uncertainty of the future. In view of age, psychological and other features of elderly Muscovites approbation of above-mentioned aspect of the organization and carrying out poll is planned to be carried out in only one of organizations with the subsequent distribution of results of experiment on other organizations participating in poll so far. During preparatory activities on carrying out experiment it has been found out that the new technology of the organization and procedure of carrying out poll is feasible: the interrogated groups of elderly respondents in general were not against to answer questions of the questionnaire to strangers, with understanding have treated ≪new≫ interviewers, have expressed readiness to participate in further research. At the following (XII) stage of carrying out complex monitoring of level and quality of life of elderly Muscovites the poll by forces of independent interviewers will also include not only those who can come for questioning to the organization independently, but also with other categories of respondents.

The goal of the present paper is to evaluate the increase of value of franchisee’s business obtained thanks to its participation in the franchise network. It is demonstrated that this increase of value is based on the lower level of risks of franchisee in comparison with an independent businessman because franchising as an entrepreneurial tool allows to reduce commercial, marketing, financial and legal risks. The notion of franchise premium was introduced to denote this increase of value. A method of evaluation of this franshise premium is proposed. This method is based on analysis of discounted cash flows obtained by franchisee and an independent within three possible scenarios (pessimistic, most probable and optimistic). Main advantages and disadvantages of the proposed method are described.

Theoretical and methodological problems of measuring the impact of the economy of territorial entities are discussed in the article; index of «economic growth» is offered as an integrated performance indicator. Authors presents in the paper a detailed analysis of the current state of scientific research in the study of factors and trends of national and regional dynamics; discussed in detail the impact of innovation on economic growth. The economy of the Novosibirsk region is taken as an object of study, an econometric model of federal subject is based in the form of the production function. Evaluation and interpretation of the model parameters is performed. Conclusions and recommendations are formulated. Federal State Statistics Service data for the 2003-2014 years served as an information base for the study.

We study a model of monopolistic competition of Dixit-Stiglitz type with retailer (intermediary). Retailer-monopolist deals with a continuum of producers and «representative» consumer. The behavior of each producer is described by the linear costs; each producer produces one type of goods («variety») and sets the price of the goods. Preferences of the representative consumer describes by a quadratic utility function that corresponds to the linear demand. The retailer, being a market leader, chooses a number («mass») of producers and retail premium. We study the various variants of the retailer’s behavior under «zero-profit condition» («free entry and exit»: producers are free to enter the market if their profit is positive, and may leave the market, as soon as their profit becomes negative). We study what kind of the retailer’s behavior is most favorable for each of the market players: for the retailer, for the representative consumer, as well as for the society.

Patriotism is a deep feeling of one's own family, small and big motherland which makes a person work wonders in labor, sports, in the defending of motherland. Unfortunately, contemporary global society goes along the way of business evolution where everything including honor, conscience and motherland is sold and bought; where sports business oligarchs sell and buy the best sportsmen from different countries as valuables. Under such conditions, the most significant moral laws and values begin to degrade. It has led to the crisis of mutual relations, especially in the elite sports; it has taken a heavy toll on sports psychology both as a science and as a practical discipline. But at the same time, it is pleasant to observe that the main moral qualities which are developed by physical training and sports have not lost their importance both in mass sports and in health and fitness. To form the best personal qualities which are given to a young man by physical training, high volitional powers, the skill of making serious decisions quickly, independently and in a responsible manner are necessary. In this regard, it is necessary to apply principles of forming active self-ruling personality on scientific basis in physical training and upbringing. The article considers the main stages of a sportsman personality formation, beginning from the state of almost full submission to coach and physical training teacher control up to formation of active, volitional, self consistent personality. A great positive role in forming volitional, initiative, patriotic qualities of students is played by health and fitness events which are held by teachers of the department of physical training and healthy lifestyle together with university sports club during academic year.

People’s health has been the basis of human’s existence since ancient times. Progress in many spheres of life has been dependent on both physical and spiritual health. For centuries, people have been using traditional knowledge of staying healthy based on healing and traditional medicine. Ethical canons used to help the nation be united as well as alive. The 21^st century brought about great changes in every aspect of human’s life which made the experience gained for centuries insufficient for staying healthy. The solution to the problem is a combination of traditional knowledge, social, ecological, pedagogical and some other approaches. In order to build a system of training a person to live healthily, integrated teaching and educational approach should be used. It is vital because the main function of education is continuous training of the youth for social life. Medical and educational universities are the most important in the process of solving problems concerning both public health and individual lifestyles.