Home – Home – Jornals – Contemporary Problems of Ecology 2017 number 1

Two problems on flat damping surface waves in an inhomogeneous medium are under consideration: the problem of propagation of the waves similar to the Rayleigh waves in an isotropic elastic half-space bordering with the layer of an ideal incompressible fluid, and the problem of propagation of the waves to the Love waves in a semi-infinite saturated porous medium bordering with the layer of an isotropic elastic medium.

The flow around a stationary process sphere by an accelerating flow of a pseudoplastic fluid at Reynolds numbers Re = 0-200 and dimensionless acceleration Ga = 10-10⁴ is studied by numerical simulation. It is shown that the analytical expression of the force of the added mass for an ideal fluid is appropriate for a pseudoplastic fluid. An expression for calculating the hereditary force of the type of the Basset force for a pseudoplastic fluid is proposed.

The plane consolidation problem for elastic half-space under an instantaneously applied vertical load is solved in the general case assuming that the following Terzaghi hypothesis holds.

A mathematical model is proposed to describe the substitution of carbon dioxide for methane in gas hydrate upon injection of liquid carbon dioxide into a porous medium initially saturated with methane and its hydrate. Self-similar solutions of the axisymmetric problems that describe the distribution of the main parameters of the bed are constructed. It is shown that there are solutions, according to which the process can occur both with and without boiling of carbon dioxide. Diagrams of the existence of each type of solution are constructed.

The interaction of the cooling systems of permeable materials with a high-temperature gas flow is considered. The effect of the porosity and thermal properties of some metals on heat transfer is investigated.яIt is found that increasing the thermal conductivity of the material leads to a decrease in the temperature of the heat-shielding coating and increasing the porosity to a more uniform distribution of the coolant applied on the surface and to a decrease in the heat loads on the structure to be protected.

This research is aimed at studying the two-phase flow pattern of a top heat mode closed loop oscillating heat pipe with check valves. The working fluids used are ethanol and R141b and R11 coolants with a filling ratio of 50% of the total volume. It is found that the maximum heat flux occurs for the R11 coolant used as the working fluid in the case with the inner diameter of 1.8 mm, inclination angle of -90 ͦ, evaporator temperature of 125gr, and evaporator length of 50 mm. The internal flow patterns are found to be slug flow/disperse bubble flow/annular flow, slug flow/disperse bubble flow/churn flow, slug flow/bubble flow/annular flow, slug flow/disperse bubble flow, bubble flow/annular flow, and slug flow/annular flow.

A method and an experimental setup are developed for determining the intensity of evaporation from the free surface of water. During the measurement, the ambient air velocity and the water temperature can be varied. The mass and temperature of water, as well as the temperature, pressure, and humidity of the ambient air are measured as functions of time. The evaporation rates are calculated from the measured and recorded data in the cases of natural and forced convection.

The torsional and longitudinal flexural vibrations of orthotropic corrugated shells are investigated. Relations, including the equation of motion in forces and moments and the Hooke's law relations are obtained using the Kirchhoff-Love hypotheses. The influence of geometric parameters of the shell (amplitude and length of the corrugation) on the natural frequencies and natural vibrations modes are studied for fixed-end shells.It is found that during torsional vibrations, increasing the amplitude of the corrugation and increasing the number of corrugations leads to a decrease in the resonant frequencies. In the case of torsional and longitudinal flexural vibrations, the influence of the corrugation amplitude on the natural vibration modes is investigated.

The previously proposed method of one-dimensional deformation of soil is used to solve the problems of joint seismic vibrations of an underground pipeline and elastic soil under nonideal contact under the assumption that there is slip on the contact surface and that resulting shear stresses on it are proportional either to the relative displacement of soil particles and pipeline or to the relative speed of motion movement. The dependence of the maximum stress in the pipeline on the coefficients under boundary conditions is investigated. For supersonic flow around the pipe, resonance is observed with decreasing shear stress on the contact surface.

The Ramberg-Osgood stress-strain relation is used to perform a theoretical springback analysis in the problem of bending of a narrow rectangular strip made of a strain-hardening material. The maximum strip thickness is 5 mm, and its length is significantly greater than the thickness. Based on the elasticity and plasticity deformation theory and also on the Tresca and von Mises yield criteria, an expression for the springback ratio is derived. The springback ratio depends on the ratio of the yield stress to Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, strain hardening coefficient, and sheet thickness.

The boundary-value problem of the elasticity theory for a cylinder with cylindrical cavities forming a hexagonal structure is under consideration. The solution is constructed in the form of a superposition of accurate basic equations of the Lame equations for a cylinder in the coordinate systems associated to the centers of the body surfaces. The boundary conditions of the problem are satisfied exactly with the help of the generalized Fourier method. The problem is reduced to an infinite system of linear algebraic equations with a Fredholm operator in the space l₂. The resolving system is solved numerically by the reduction method. The numerical analysis of stresses in the regions of their greatest concentration is carried out.

The article presents data on the genetic variability of the northern red-backed vole and the bank vole when inhabiting sympatrically in West Siberia. Two species of voles had comparable, relatively high indices of genetic variability of intermicrosatellite sequences of DNA. The proportion of polymorphic DNA markers was 95-98 %, Nei’s genetic diversity index - 0.33-0.35. In voles 47-58 % of allozyme loci were polymorphic, the average heterozygosity per locus was 0.058 in the northern red-backed vole, and 0.054 in the bank vole. Interpopulation differentiation in the red-backed vole ( FST = 0.293) was less compared to that in the bank vole ( FST = 0.475). Individuals of the hybrid line of the bank vole with mitochondrial haplotype of red-backed vole were found by the method of PCR-typing of cytochrome b gene fragment of mtDNA. The proportion of hybrid specimens ranged from 2 to 34 % in different regions. Indices of genetic variability in the hybrid line of the bank vole were lower than those of the parental species.

With a view to identifying interpopulational peculiarities of moor frog male growth and puberty, we have analyzed age composition, body sizes, and annual growth of amphibians inhabiting three water reservoirs with various hydrochemical composition. In all, 117 pubescent males aged from 2 to 6 were studied. As established, ambient surface water salinity in the Middle Urals is 150 mg/dm³ in the springtime. Interannual variations of salinity in the reservoirs under study are linked with changing sulphate content. It has been noted that water salinity up to 300 mg/dm³ during the spawning season shall not be viewed as a negative aspect restricting growth of moor frogs. Relatively early puberty of moor frog males occurs under close-to-optimal conditions and is followed by redistribution of energy towards reproductive processes along with growth retardation of amphibia.

The present paper deals with food selectivity of the large herbivores of Eastern Mongolia, governing factors and role in formation of herbivores’ community structure. It was established that due to vegetation degradation a high level of selectivity was characteristic of all herbivores under study, it was conditioned by their morphophysiological features and spatial distribution. Selectivity may provide competitive advantages, but not food niche differentiation. We suppose that the herbivore communities of Eastern Mongolia, both under inspection and in the wild, experience under pasture degradation an increase of the portion of small browsers, which in turn raise the rate of degradation. This interrelationship shows a likely mechanism of formation of intrinsic crises in herbivore communities and may explain extinction processes of big steppe herbivores of the “Mammoth fauna”.

Indicator values for Saussurea baicalensis (Adams) B. L. Rob., S. frolowii Ledeb., S. salicifolia (L.) DC., and S. schanginianа (Wydl.) Fisch. ex Serg. on the gradients of soil moisture and nutrient availability-salinity were analyzed for more than 1600 relevés. We determined the size of their ecological niches and their importance value in phytocenoses. We assessed the vulnerability of local populations of S. baicalensis, S. frolowii, S. salicifolia and S. schanginianа in the Kuznetsk Alatau by comparison of their position within the ecological niches and determined types of rarity for each of listed species in the Kuznetsk Alatau.

Currently, the natural zone of broad-leaved (nemoral) forests in Eurasia has a wide disjunction that falls on the most continental part of Siberia. However, there are several well-distinguished sites of high concentration (refugia) of nemoral relict species on the foothills of some mountains in South Siberia. The easternmost refugium is the northern macroslope of the Khamar-Daban Ridge. We analyzed present-day distribution of 27 nemoral relict plant species on the Khamar-Daban Ridge to detect the most probable Pleistocene microrefugia. Our results revealed that the microrefugia are most probably confined to the valleys of the Utulik, Babkha, Snezhnaya, Pereemnaya and Mishikha rivers. Based on the ranges of species within the distinguished microrefugia, six groups of relicts were identified. Evidently, species from those groups differed in their survival strategies during glaciations, as well as subsequent reexpansion during the interglacial time.

Based on the previously developed model of detailed kinetics, the ignition delay time of hydrogen-silane/air two-fuel mixtures is calculated. The effect of the silane concentration and the temperature of the mixture on the ignition delay time is determined. It is shown that addition of a small (within 20%) amount of silane to the hydrogen-air mixture in the temperature range from 1200 to 2500 К leads to significant reduction of the ignition delay time of the mixture, whereas there is only a minor decrease in mixtures with silane concentrations greater than 20%.

Possible scenarios of ignition and explosion development in coal mines are discussed. A principal possibility of complete quenching of detonation and combustion with the use of a sheet consisting of inert particles is experimentally demonstrated. As the detonation quenching process is rather complicated, it is recommended to focus the attention at the initial stage of ignition of the methane-air mixture, when it is possible to ensure effective quenching of the ignition site by using methods of advanced automatic monitoring and control with clear satisfaction of space and time requirements.

This paper presents the results of an experimental study of the ignition and combustion of pyrotechnic compositions based on microsized and ultra-nanosized aluminum particles in a model two-zone gas generator in which water is supplied as the oxidizer. The flow of the combustion products from the gas generator was video recorded, and the condensed products sampled behind the nozzle exit were studied by chemical and grain-size analysis. It was found that the replacement of aluminum microsized particles by ultra-nanosized particles in the samples led to »17% decrease in the active aluminum content in the condensed phase, a 10-15 % increase in the efficiency of the process in the gas generator (completeness of conversion of the pyrotechnic composition to the combustion products), and a factor of about three decrease in the ignition delay.

Results of an experimental study of a supersonic combustion chamber with a solid (continuous) and discrete (discontinuous) rear wall of the cavity are reported. The tests are performed in a short-duration wind tunnel with an attached pipeline at the input Mach number of 3, total temperatures of 2550-3140 К, and static pressures of 178-195 kPa. Heated kerosene is used as a fuel. Data on ignition conditions and kerosene combustion efficiency are obtained for different cavity configurations. The drag of internal elements of the combustion chamber, which form recess stabilizers, is estimated. An overall advantage of the combustion chamber with a discrete rear wall of the cavity over a solid rear wall is demonstrated.

Results of studying the influence of periodic application of a weak electric field on diffusion combustion of gaseous hydrocarbons are presented. The main attention is paid to investigating the effect of the electric field parameters on flame stabilization. Two types of electric fields are considered: 1) with a pulsed-periodic variation of the field strength in time and a constant configuration of force lines (pulsed-periodic electric field) and 2) with a change in the field configuration in time and a constant field strength (electric field with a time-varying configuration). Direct photo and video recording was used, as well as specrozonal detection of the natural luminescence of the flame (at wavelengths of emission of excited radicals OH* and CH*). It is shown that the region of flame stablization (ignition point) tends to the place with the maximum strength of the electric field. The action of the electric field with a time-varying configuration on combustion leads to flame stabilization in the plane of electrodes and to local intensification of combustion.

The effect of ignition conditions and the parameters of the melting of the inert component on unstable combustion modes was studied numerically using a model for the solid-state combustion of a disk. It is shown that the shape of the heated zone initiating combustion of the disk, determines the number and trajectories of zones of self-propagating combustion zone. The effect of the phase transition on the combustion characteristics is the more pronounced the closer the phase transition temperature to the combustion temperature. In this case, the combustion front takes the shape of a ring.

The synthesis of the composite material by thermal explosion of a reaction mixture of Ni + Al + Cr2O3 was studied. The thermodynamic parameters of combustion of the systems studied were estimated to predict the composition of the inorganic products (condensed or gaseous) of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis and calculate the adiabatic combustion temperature. It is shown that the synthesis process involves competing reactions in the sample volume which are responsible for the formation of a multiphase product. The influence of the content of Cr2O3 in the reaction system on the strength characteristics of the product synthesis. The microstructure of the synthesized samples, defined by their micro-hardness, toughness and residual porosity. The possibility of obtaining a homogeneous material based on NiAl intermetallic compound containing dissolved chromium and chromium oxide nanoparticles.

This paper presents the results of an experimental study of the dielectric relaxation of glycerol trinitrate in the temperature range of existence of the liquid-solid phase transition. The measurements were performed in the electric field frequency range of 1-1264 MHz. It is shown that the dielectric relaxation of glycerol trinitrate includes at least two relaxation process. Possible factors that determine the temperature and frequency dependence of the complex permittivity permeability of glycerol trinitrate are discussed.

Primary combustion products of B-based propellants are incomplete combustion products that are emitted from the gas generator of a solid ducted rocket. Studying the composition of primary combustion products provides valuable information about the primary combustion process and also helps to better understand the secondary combustion process. The particle size of the primary combustion products is analyzed by a laser particle size analyzer. The qualitative analysis of the sample composition is performed by using x-ray diffraction, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry experiments. Based on these results, an integrated quantitative analysis of the sample composition is conducted. The quantitative analysis methods include tube furnace heating, ion chromatography, infrared spectroscopy, and inductively coupled plasma chromatography. In addition, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry are also used to analyze the micro-morphology and distribution of different components in the sample. The primary combustion products mainly contain B, C, BmCn, H3BO3, B2O3, BN, Mg, MgCl2, and NH4Cl. BmCn (22-24%), H3BO3 (20%), and B (16.8%) are the three major components, while BmCn, B, and C (9.8-11.8%) are the three combustible components present in the highest amounts. The oxidant NH4ClO4 is completely consumed during the primary combustion, while the metal additive Mg does not show much reactivity. The micro-morphology and distribution of BmCn, H3BO3 (or B2O3), B, Mg, and C in the sample are investigated. Some components in the primary combustion products are found to be agglomerated, while some components are dispersed. Large particles in the sample mainly include B and Mg, while BmCn, H3BO3 (or B2O3), and C particles are small. In general, the combustion completeness of the primary combustion products is rather low. Therefore, better understanding and controlling of the secondary combustion process is very important to improve the performance of B-based propellants.

Pressure profiles in a transverse detonation wave propagating in a plane-radial vortex chamber during continuous spin detonation of a mixture consisting of lignite, syngas, and air are measured by specially designed and fabricated high-frequency pressure sensors based on TsTS-19 piezo-ceramics. Pressure levels in the detonation wave front relative to the mean static pressure are determined. It is demonstrated that these levels decrease toward the combustor center (by a factor of 20 and lower) as the wave intensity (velocity) decreases. Pressure oscillations behind the wave front testify to a complex gas-dynamic pattern of the processes in the wave region. A chemical reaction region is detected behind the wave front; its length is approximately 8% of the period between the waves.

A VISAR interferometer and a high-speed video camera are used to study the structure of detonation waves in bis-(2-fluoro-2,2-dinitroethyl)-formal mixtures with ethanol, whose mass concentration varied in the range of 0-35%. It is shown that the two types of instability existing in liquid explosives, which are the one-dimensional instability of the detonation front and the reaction failure wave instability on the edge of the charge, can be implemented in any combination. The reaction time of the studied mixtures are determined, and the varying nature of the dependence of the critical diameter of detonation and the reaction time on the diluents concentration is demonstrated.

The radiation transfer equation and the Mie theory are used in this paper to determine the optical properties of the PETN - aluminum nanoparticles compounds. In the case of laser initiation with a wavelength of 1064 nm, the illumination gain factor at a depth of 100 μm from the surface of the sample varies in the range from 1.070-3.308 for nanoparticles with the radius equal to 20-200 nm. The minimum dependence of the initiation energy density of explosive decomposition on the mass fraction of nanoparticles can be determined by the maximum value of the illumination gain factor in the sample. The dependences of the critical energy density of the initiation of the PETN - aluminum nanoparticles compound by pulses of the first and second harmonics of a neodymium laser on the nanoparticle radius with account for multiple scattering of light are determined. It is shown that account for the multiple scattering of light allows improving the agreement between theory and experiment.

The effect of the parameters of a charge of TNT and RDX alloys and their detonation conditions on the coagulation of carbon on the isentropes of detonation products. In the region of liquid nanocarbon, coagulation occurs by merging of nanodroplets and in the region of solid nanocarbon, by their joining (sintering) simultaneously with crystallization. Therefore, specific surface of nanodiamonds calculated from their sizes is always greater than the measured value. Separation of nanodroplets in the detonation products accelerates their coagulation and cooling due to the flow of cooler products around them. Evaluation of the distance between the surfaces of nanodroplets various alloys TG shows that they are small, smaller than nanodroplets. The conditions of rapid merging of nanodroplets during different deceleration of the products by rigid obstacles. An increase of up to five orders of magnitude in the size of diamond particles was established experimentally. The factors responsible for the change in the coagulation rate with the transition from heterogeneous to homogeneous TNT/RDX alloy with decreasing size of TNT/RDX particles.

A model for the spall fracture and compaction of a damaged material based on a description of the motion of a single pore is proposed. The model takes into account the strength properties, the effect of pressure, surface tension, and viscosity of materials and inertial forces. Equations describing the dynamics of growth and collapse of pores is presented. The proposed model can be used to calculate the spall fracture and compaction of liquids and metals, in both solid and liquid (molten) states.

A model for the penetration into a ceramic target with the formation of an expanding conical hole is proposed that can be used to determine the opening angle of the cone knocked out from the targets. The main cause of this fracture of ceramics is that the tensile strength of ceramic is much lower than its compressive strength. A method for calculating the maximum penetration velocity into a ceramic target without substrate was developed using the energy fracture criterion for ceramics. Two-dimensional numerical simulation of the impact of a steel projectile on a corundum plate showed satisfactory agreement between the calculated and experimental configurations of the resulting conical crack provided that the ratio between the compressive and tensile strengths is consistent with the recommendations of the developed model.

This paper describes the experimental and numerical study of the structures used for protection against the harmful effect of bullet and fission elements. A special place among them is taken by separated structures in which the gap between layers is filled with either air or various light materials with good damping, dissipative, and thermophysical properties. The results of the numerical simulation of the fragment of the separated protection are in good agreement with the experimental data on both residual forms and the size of deflections.

We have analyzed the lipid profile and polymorphism in the genes involved in lipid metabolism in patients with maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY) in West Siberia, Russia. MODY is a heterogeneous group of disorders caused by mutations in different autosomal dominant genes with high penetration. MODY is characterized by a slow onset of symptoms, the absence of obesity, no ketosis, and no evidence of beta cell autoimmunity. Materials and methods: In the Clinical-Diagnostic Department of the Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine, the eligible patients underwent a clinical examination, biochemical blood analysis, quantification of HbA1c, C-peptide, thyroid status, microalbuminuria testing, ultrasonography of the abdomen and kidneys, and blood glucose monitoring (MiniMed Paradigm, MMT-754). MODY2 diabetes was confirmed in 5 patients; MODY3, in 2 patients; MODY6, in 1 patient; MODY8, in 2 patients; MODY12, in 1 patient by sequencing. The plasma lipid levels were determined by standard enzymatic assays. The lipid metabolism genes ( APOA1, APOA2, APOA4, APOA5, APOB, APOC3, APOD, LDLR, LDLRAP1, LPL, PCSK9, SCARB1 and SREBF2 ) were analyzed. Results: Hyperlipidemia was detected in patients with MODY (MODY1, MODY2, MODY3 subtypes). We found the Pro434Gln polymorphism the SREBF2 gene exon 7 and the Gly2Ser polymorphism in the SCARB1 gene exon 1. We detected the Ser474Ter nonsense-mutation the LPL gene exon 9 in 2 patients. Conclusion: Polymorphism in the genes involved in lipid metabolism can cause the lipid disorder in MODY patients. Sequencing of the genes improved our understanding of the molecular basis of MODY phenotype and may help to provide the future personalized therapy.

The purpose of the study. To examine the relationship of severity of stenosis of carotid arteries and constitutional types in women with ischemic stroke Materials and methods. Patients evaluated the presence of cardiovascular disease, previous cardiovascular events, type, and subtype of stroke, neurological status was determined according to neurological scales. Anthropometric methods included the determination of constitutional types, different techniques. To assess the presence of atherosclerosis performed color duplex scanning of brachycephalic arteries and laboratory testing (estradiol, hCRP, lipid profile). Results. In the present study in women with ischemic stroke stenosis of carotid artery more than 50 % were found in 13.3 % of cases, less severe stenoses - in 36,0 % of cases. Differences in constitutional characteristics in groups with different severity of stenosis in the carotid arteria identified, although in separate subgroups revealed a weak but statistically significant correlation with certain constitutional types: in the group without stenosis KA - with asthenicmnarrow bone constitutional type (r=0,13) and endomorph constitutional type (r=-0,13); in the group of stenosis KA (to 49 %), asthenic (r=0,13), ectomorphy (r=0,13) and metaplasticity (r=0.14) constitutional types. At the same time, association of the severity of carotid stenosis with laboratory parameters such as the level of estradiol, CRP, the presence of dyslipidemia. Conclusion. In our study there were no differences in constitutional characteristics in groups with different severity of stenosis of the carotid arteries, although in separate subgroups revealed a weak but statistically significant correlation with certain constitutional types. It is advisable to continue the study of the constitutional characteristics, but with other clinical indicators (the relationship of genetic and constitutional factors).

With the means of Raman-spectroscopy the changes in hemoglobin complexes in hypertensive patients (42 men), including resistant hypertension (19 people) have been studied. There is a significant decrease in the level of complexes Hb-NO (II) in patients with GRA, compared with those in patients with controlled hypertension and healthy. Discriminatory values determined Raman peak levels of hemoglobin complexes in hypertensive patients (including resistant) and in the comparison group have been observed. Set the most significant peaks of Raman-spectra of hemoglobin levels allowed the controlled and differentiated resistant hypertension - 1325, 1350, 1550, 1580, 1660, 1668 cm-1 (AUC - 0,680-0,805). The possibility of application of these parameters for diagnostic purposes was discussed.

The aim of this study was to investigate the association of meteorological factors to the occurrence of myocardial infarction in patients with multivessel coronary atherosclerosis in the North. 337 consecutive patients (278 men and 59 women), mean age 53,7 ± 8,9 years, with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with ST-segment elevation were examined. In 188 patients (57.0 %) has been revealed multivessel coronary artery disease. It was found that the occurrence of acute myocardial infarction in patients with multivessel coronary atherosclerosis in the North directly associated with indicators of atmospheric pressure on the day of the debut of the disease. Average daily air pressure in the debut day of acute myocardial infarction is one of the factors that directly determine the occurrence of the disease in patients with multivessel coronary atherosclerosis in North (Exp (B) = 1,04, (CI 95 %: 1,01-1, 08), p = 0,012).

Objective: To study the dietary intake and its association with overweight in the population 25-45 years of Novosibirsk. Materials and Methods: On the basis of prevention research center of "NIITPM" during the 2013-2016 conducted a population-based survey of a random representative sample of the population 25-45 years of both sexes the inhabitants of one of the typical districts of Novosibirsk. A total of 1238 people (43% of men) were examined. The program included questionnaires, anthropometry, double blood pressure measurement, biochemical blood analysis (total cholesterol and its fractions, glucose). Nutrition was assessed by 24 dietary recall method. Results. Assessment of the nutriyion of the young-age population (25-45 years) of Novosibirsk revealed a significant imbalance of diets high in protein and fat intake. Analysis of nutrient and energy intakes among persons with overweight and obesity has shown less consumption of fat, carbohydrates, sugars, and lower caloric compared with those whose weight was normal. Conclusions: The results indicate the need to develop prevention programs in the Siberian region with regard to the nature and structure of nutrition.

Atherosclerosis and osteoporosis are public health problems, with several epidemiological links, and they might be related to each other in terms of pathogenesis and therapeutic agents. The correlation between atherosclerosis and osteoporosis is being established by studies of the underling pathophysiological mechanisms, which seem to coincide in many biochemical pathways, and of the risk factors for vascular disease, which have also been associated with a higher incidence of low bone mineral density. Many experiments showing that the receptor activator of NF-kB (RANK), its ligand (RANKL), and the decoy osteoprotegerin receptor (OPG) are essential, central regulators of bone metabolism were significant turning points in our understanding of bone disease. Moreover, one emerging area in vascular biology involves the RANKL-RANK-OPG system, molecules of the tumor necrosis factor-related family recently discovered to be critical regulators of vessels calcification process. Animal and human studies results confirm the RANKL-RANK-OPG role in pathogenesis of vascular calcification and osteoporosis. Thus, these molecules may play a central role in regulation the development of vascular calcification coincident with declines in skeletal mineralization. Understanding cellular and molecular mechanisms of vascular calcification and osteoporosis may potentially lead to therapeutic opportunities for treating people with osteoporosis and cardiovascular diseases.

Modern ideas of communication of androgenic deficiency, an osteoporosis and an ectopic calcareous infiltration at patients with various diseases are covered in the review. In this article the bone tissue metabolism’biomarkers were discussed as informative for risk assessment in men with coronary artery disease. The review article summarizes available materials from foreign medical databases including MEDLINE and PubMed.

The literature data about the association between low levels of lipids (gipoholesterinemia) with the occurrence of neurological disorders in children and adolescents at the present time remains controversial. A sharp decrease of the cholesterol, phospholipids, triglycerides, chylomicrons and apob levels or their absence leads to the development of abetalipoproteinemia (Bassen-Kornzweig syndrome). The key clinical symptoms of abetalipoproteinemia are psychomotor retardation, progressive cerebellar ataxia, pigment degeneration of the retina, peripheral neuropathy, as well as gross changes in the skeleton (severe scoliosis and pes cavus). Key laboratory signs - changes in the lipid spectrum (a sharp decrease of the blood levels of apob, total cholesterol, phospholipids, triglycerides, chylomicrons) and acanthocytes in the blood smear. The treatment is based on the replacement of fat-soluble vitamins and symptomatic therapy.