Home – Home – Jornals – Region: Economics and Sociology 2017 number 1

We present geochemical characteristics of rocks and results of local dating and Lu-Hf isotopic analysis of zircons from two massifs of Paleoproterozoic collisional granitoids in the northwest of the Sharyzhalgai uplift. The rocks of the Alar intrusion in the Bulun terrane correspond in major- and trace-element composition to I -type potassic granites. The Alar granites formed at ~780 ºC and <5-8 kbar through melting of predominantly graywacke (volcanosedimentary) source rocks with the contribution of plagiogneisses of tonalite-trondhjemite complex. The age and Lu-Hf isotopic similarity between inherited zircon core (3.3-3.0 and 2.85-2.6 Ga) in these granites and zircons from the Paleo- and Mesoarchean rocks of the Bulun terrane suggests that the latter are the most likely crustal sources of the granites. The more radiogenic isotope composition of the Paleoproterozoic (1.85 Ga) igneous zircons from the granites as compared with the zircons from the Archean crustal rocks of the Bulun terrane testifies to the contribution of juvenile material to the granite formation. Highly ferroan granodiorites and granites of the Shumikha intrusion in the Onot terrane are enriched in HFSE and correspond to A -type granites. They probably derived by the melting of crustal sources of intermediate-felsic (tonalitic) and mafic composition at ≥860 ºC. The Hf isotope composition of igneous and inherited zircons indicates that the granites formed from ancient crustal source (model Hf age is >3.0 Ga) with the contribution of Neoarchean juvenile, probably mafic material.

The paper reports on seafloor terrains mapped to a high resolution, the structure of shallow-water sediments, and the extent of barite mineralization in the Deryugin Basin, Sea of Okhotsk. The data were collected by different methods of remote sounding of the bottom and a Comanche submersible in the area of the Barite Ridge deposit. The sedimentary cover, including Holocene sediments, is strongly deformed in this area and in some other areas of the basin. Several small mud volcanoes and new barite build-ups along the ridge axis are evidence of active fluid venting. Precipitated barite forms columns (chimneys) or grows over older layered barite build-ups. The research confirms the hypothesis of Ba supply by deep cold hydrotherms.

The Noion-Tologoi polymetallic deposit corresponds to the Akatui type of polymetallic deposits of eastern Transbaikalia. These deposits are associated with volcanoplutonic rocks of the Akatui complex. In element contents the polymetallic ores of the Noion-Tologoi deposit are similar to ores of volcanohydrothermal (VHMS type) deposits of southern Siberia. The orebodies are tabular, stockwork- and vein-like. They are localized in fault zones. The ores contain, on the average, 4.9% Pb, 6.8% Zn, and 272 ppm Ag. The most common ore minerals are pyrite, galena, arsenopyrite, and sphalerite. The δ¹⁸O (SMOW) values in the ore quartz range from -3.9 to +10.6‰. The isotopic composition of oxygen in the fluid (at 250-275 ºС) varies from -12.80 to +2.79‰, indicating the participation of meteoric waters in mineralization. The enclosing rocks are the volcanoterrigenous deposits of the Mulino Group (J₂-₃) and syenite porphyry of the Akatui complex (J₂-₃). In geochemical characteristics the syenite porphyry is similar to adakite intrusions. The Rb-Sr isotopic age of syenite-porphyry is 150 ± 9 Ma. The initial ratio of strontium isotopes in these rocks is (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)0 = 0.70698 ± 0.0004, which indicates their mantle-crustal source.

The Afontova Gora II archaeological site located within two geologically and geomorphically different areas has been studied in terms of geology and Quaternary deposition history. Both areas lie upon alluvial terrace II of the Yensei River. At the time when terrace I alluvium was deposited, aeolian and slope-wash facies accumulated on the surface of terrace II and a slope-wash apron formed on the gently sloping surface of terrace III. It is at these different levels of the Yenisei River bank that the latest Paleolithic Afontov culture of Siberia has been found. At the Late Glacial-Holocene boundary, the slope-wash apron upon terrace III was involved in landsliding and thrust over terrace II, which deformed the subaerial deposits over both terraces II and III. As shown by detailed analysis, the landslide deposits are either strongly deformed to the degree of losing of their primary sedimentary textures and structures or form imbricated blocks with deformed margins but minor deformation in their interior. The preserved textures and structures of sediments inside the imbricated landslide blocks provide stratigraphic and genetic constraints and prove the in situ origin of anthropological, archaeological, and paleontological finds. This division also explains the archaeological sterility and abnormal thickness of the subaerial cover upon the landslide blocks.

Morphostructural modeling of the block structure of part of the Scandinavian crystalline shield has shown that the ring structure of the Siljan Ring impact crater is located in the center of a morphostructural node, a ring structure with a diameter of 300 km, marking a large disjunctive knot. The crater area consists of a central block, which is a granite massif, and of a surrounding mobile morphostructural boundary forming a wide small-block ring depression zone, where oil and gas shows have been revealed. This zone is regarded as the most promising one for the search for migration channels and atypical shows of hydrocarbons.

The Bathonian Stage in the Sokur Tract section on the periphery of the city of Saratov (Central Russia) contains both Tethyan and Boreal fossils. This makes the section a key object of research aimed at solving the problems of detailed correlation of the Bathoman between different paleobiogeographic provinces and calls for integrated studies involving both paleontological (based on different groups of fauna) and physicochemical (paleomagnetic and isotope-geochemical) methods. The results of study of carbon isotopes in belemnite (Cylindroteuthididae) rostra from the Sokur Tract section show that the Subboreal Oraniceras besnosovi Zone and Boreal Arcticoceras harlandi Subzone are correlated with the standard Zigzag Zone, whereas the Boreal A. ishmae Subzone is totally or mostly comparable to the standard Tenuiplicatus Zone. We have recognized analogs of the chrons of the geomagnetic-polarity time scale (GPTS): e-Bath N, M-Bath R, and lt-Bath N, corresponding to the Lower-Middle Bathonian and, possibly, lower Upper Bathonian.

We present results of pyrolysis (Rock Eval) and pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometric methods of analysis of organic matter (OM) in the Holocene sediments of the Black Sea. The studied samples represent two parts of the sediment column: coccolith ooze with an average Corg = 2.8% at the top and sapropelic silts with an average Corg = 8.5% at the bottom. Sedimentation of the Holocene sediments might have proceeded in euxinic conditions, and in ancient Black Sea time they were more favorable for OM safety and the formation of sapropelic silt. The performed research has shown that the degree of diagenetic OM transformation is higher in the upper part of the core as compared with the lower one. This is probably due to the contemporary processes of anaerobic bacterial oxidation of methane supplied from deeper layers of the Black Sea deposits into the ancient Black Sea sediments.

We present a review of the literature on the methods of modeling of sedimentary rocks containing gas hydrates with the aim of a subsequent study of their physical and mechanical properties. The attention is focused mainly on the non-Russian researches carried out in the last 15 years. The review includes description of corresponding setups and modeling techniques. The dependence of the morphology of hydrate present in the specimen on the specimen preparation technique is reviewed in detail. In addition, the structure and texture of synthetic and natural hydrate-containing rock specimens are briefly reported, as well as the regularities of formation and dissociation of gas hydrates in the Earth’s crust.

The seismic effective quality factor ( QC ) and its frequently dependences or the frequency parameter ( n ) and attenuation coefficient (δ) for the Earth’s crust and upper mantle of the North Tanzanian divergence zone (East African rift system) were estimated from an analysis of the earthquake coda waves recorded in the SEISMO-TANZ’07 French-Tanzanian seismic experiment. The QC values increase and the n and δ values decrease with increasing frequency and length of the lapse time window. This behavior of the attenuation parameters may be evidence that the degree of heterogeneity of the lithosphere decreases with depth. Comparison of the depth variations in the attenuation coefficient δ and the frequency parameter n with the velocity structure of the region shows that there is a distinct change in the behavior of seismic wave attenuation at velocity discontinuities. The obtained attenuation parameters were compared with the same parameters obtained in our previous studies for other continental rift systems - the Baikal rift system (Eurasia) and the Basin and Range Province (North America).

This paper presents the results of physical and mathematical modeling performed to evaluate the potential of transient electromagnetic sounding in areas of salt-dome tectonics. Two geoelectric arrays are considered: an array with an inductive source (a horizontal loop) and an array with a mixed-type source (a horizontal current line). It is shown that the transient electromagnetic method provides important information on the relief of the top of salt deposits.

The article analyzes the territorial approach in public administration at the federal level. We summarize the work of federal authorities to choose an optimal system for their interaction. Following the best international and Russian practices, we construct functional flow block diagrams that demonstrate the interactions between executive bodies in different regions. The article proves that a methodological foundation for synchronizing the sectoral and territorial approaches to public administration in the Russian Federation has not been formed; among the reasons is the lack of prioritization in the use of mechanisms of sectoral and territorial development scenarios. We consider it expedient to establish specialized regulatory bodies at the federal level that would operate exclusively within the territorial approach. From this perspective, in order to achieve greater performance of federal executive authorities, there is a need to adjust their existing functionality in accordance with the proposed optimal interaction scheme.

The paper analyses the existing Russian systems for the evaluation of regional governments and agencies judging from their compliance with the propositions of economic contract theory. We introduce a notion of administrative evaluation, describe possible goals and consequences of using administrative evaluations in governance processes. Based on the contract theory propositions, we characterize the requirements that, if not followed, may enable administrative evaluation to exert a negative influence on system effectiveness and efficiency. Such negative consequences did take place in other countries that initiated the administrative evaluation system in practices of public administration before Russia. The article defines a list of indicators for administrative evaluation elaborated in accordance with regulatory documents and determine ways to implement them in governance processes. We demonstrate that these indicators contradict the contract theory propositions and thus cannot give an adequate estimation of regional authorities' performance that might help to enhance it. Our findings can be used to improve methodological support for administrative evaluation carried out in Russian regions.

The hallmark of the current stage of the world socioeconomic development involves its accelerating growth, as well as an increasing significance of the largest cities with mega-cities (megapolises) coming to the fore. The paper emphasizes the persisting trend of the megapolises' strengthening leadership measured by the concentration of people, infrastructure, transport, services, and primarily regarding the growth rate of their area, which doubles that of the population. We contemplated specific features of a Russian megapolis as a system that marries characteristics of both megalopolises (integrating a set of urban agglomerations) and large administrative centers. We substantiated the notion of «megapolisness» as an assembly of functional, city planning (architectural) and ecosystem features. In contemporary Russia, these are typical not only to million and over dwellers' cities but also to every regional administrative center or capital of the region. The article considers the impact of megapolisness phenomenon on the transformation of the existing system of settlement pattern, migration processes, and socioeconomic developments in Russia and evaluates this phenomenon including the role of megapolises as focal points for national reforms and new social structure. We discuss research trends in topical socioeconomic issues united under the title «Man in the Megapolis».

The current study examines interrelations between economic growth in the Russian regions, scientific research, and innovation activities. To analyze the relationship, we used an econometric modeling technique: a fixed effects panel regression and the Arellano-Bond model based on data for the period from 2005 to 2013. In the study, we tested hypotheses about significant effects of knowledge and socioeconomic conditions on regional growth, used expenditure on R&D and expenditure on technological innovations as measures of knowledge spillovers for their analysis, and calculated socioeconomic spillovers based on a socioeconomic filter. Regression results demonstrated a possible competition for labor in the manufacturing sector when this indicator was included in the socioeconomic filter. Our findings also confirmed the significance and positive effect of expenditures on technological innovations and their spillovers on economic growth in regions. Moreover, knowledge spilled more efficiently to regions with greater absorptive capacity, as well as among regions with a similar growth rate. We concluded that knowledge spillovers can have significant influence on the GRP growth rate. The results of the study can be used by regional governments when formulating innovation policies.

The article considers an approach to creating an adaptive simulation model of the regional socio-economic system. This approach involves three fundamental levels (economic agents, management, and macro-environment) and lies upon a coherent adaptation of both agents' behavior strategies and control actions aimed at changing the economic situation. We used the following research tools: systems analysis, methods of economic and mathematical modeling, methods of statistical, structural, and dynamic analysis, methods of correlation and regression analysis, and fuzzy logic. The approach was tested on data from the Republic of Bashkortostan. The assessment of scenario forecasting for regional development, presented in the article, substantiates the preference for adaptive strategies. Following the analysis of model runs, we determined areas of focus to promote regional socio-economic development. Such economic and mathematical models can be used in forecasting the socio-economic development of territorial systems and evaluating the impact of various government policies. The proposed approach allows for simulation experiments if they regard for matching resource capabilities and interests of not only individual economic agents but also the control subsystem of a regional socio-economic system within a single methodology, procedural, and computational framework.

The paper analyzes regional differences in the NEET youth (acronym from «Not in Employment, Education or Training))) marking indicators. It shows that this group has a high-risk for socio-economic marginalization and exclusion. The empirical research base is constituted by the Labor Force Survey and regional statistical data for 2014. To investigate spatial effects, we have used the Moran's I coefficient and spatial econometric models. The research results indicate that the NEET rate vividly differs depending on a region, with cross-regional NEET rate variations in unemployment prove to be more obvious as compared to the NEET economic inactivity indicator differentiations. The results obtained illustrate the positive spatial correlation between the regional NEET unemployment rates, which testifies to territorial interconnections and regional clusterization. We assess factors having an impact on the regional differentiation in the NEET unemployment and NEET economic inactivity rates. The cross-regional variations are determined by the GRP per capita, urban population share, industry employment structure, youth education level, and birth and death rates. The NEET rate for young men and young women varies being affected by different factors, where with the former it is more often linked to individual behavioral characteristics, while with the latter one it is, to a greater extent, influenced by socio-economic indicators for the regions. Thus, we confirm the significance of a regionally differentiated approach to working out and exercising a youth employment policy aimed at maximizing their labor potential.

Based on the Integrated Living Conditions Monitoring in Russia, the article determines the levels of population mobility in different Russian regions. The subject of research is Russian tourism mobility. A series of binary logistic regression equations shows that individual factors (economic status and health) have the greatest impact on tourism probability; the effect of transport infrastructure attributes on the leasure-time spatial mobility is «absorbed» by the characteristics of individual income, i.e. regional discrepancies in the standard of living correlate with the density of transport infrastructure. Spatial mobility for tourism is increasingly associated with land transport infrastructure rather than air transportation. In fact, the differentiation of Russian citizens by their actual tourist mobility parameters replicates economic inequality, and the density of transport infrastructure differentiated by regions does not mitigate the impact that economic resources exert on travel.

The paper hypothesizes the possibility of estimating the shadow economy in Russian regions based on the population's standard of living and quality of life. The research method involves factor analysis and MIMIC models. For the basis of the study we chose a statistics factor analysis by region for the period between 2002 and 2013, broken down by 17 indicators. We highlight the factors that quantify the quality of life and experience the impact of the shadow economy. We design a MIMIC model and assess regional differences in the scale of the shadow economy. The model allows estimating the scale and dynamics of the shadow economy, as well as the local authorities' contribution to the region's development by evaluating the dynamics of shadow activities within the economy.

The paper examines the problems linked to the implementation the Power of Siberia project as it pertains to the possibilities of integrated development of mineral resources, including the organization of gas production, petrochemical, oil-and-gas transportation, and helium industries in the eastern regions of Russia. Within the project, we accomplish the following tasks: analyze the natural gas resource base and production in Eastern Siberia and the Sakha Republic (Yakutia); substantiate the development trends for transport infrastructure; point out the key problems associated with the project implementation; consider the feasibility of a public-private partnership. The Power of Siberia project is faced with a few pressing issues. For instance, neither in Russia nor the world, there are extra-long-distance pipelines transporting multicomponent gas. A deliberate reduction in helium concentration will lead to a sharp rise in its release cost, which challenges the entire helium part of the program. Moreover, the modern concept of exploiting gas potential in Eastern Siberia does not involve the Irkutsk processing cluster that already has prominent infrastructure to process hydrocarbon raw materials, human resources, and production capacity, as opposed to an anticipated gas processing plant in Amur Oblast.

Geological characteristics of ore and enclosing rock mass at Orlov deposit, including Severnoe body of Novaya ore chute, are given. The ore is extracted by underground method, with slicing and room-and-pillar, and sublevel caving. The technology of backfill preparation based on cement-slag binder is evaluated. After lab experimentation, the rational compositions of the backfill have been developed for Orlov Mine. It is found that activity of granular blast-furnace slag is conditioned by chemical composition, structure and, to a wide extent, by grinding fineness (specific surface). The technical-and-economic assessment of the new technology of backfill preparation has been carried out.

The authors propose a promising approach to reduction of the environmental impact of open pit mineral mining-robotic automation of geotechnologies. The objectives, techniques and advantages of introduction of industrial robots are discussed. The analysis of development and improvement of geotechnical system reveals factors that limit application of mechanized, automated and robotic equipment. The structural elements of geotechnical system using mechanized and robotic mining and transportation machines are compared.

The article describes regularities of mass transfer in filled-up and washed-in piling of mineral mining waste. The criteria and hierarchy are determined to classify structures of waste piles. The structures of waste piles in Kuzbass are classified, and the diversity of one-component and compound structures of piles is presented schematically. It is shown how the determined regularities of mass transfer influence formation of fractional structures of mine waste piles, and on their physical and processing characteristics.

Design of an air drill hammer with the smooth adjustment of the percussion frequency at the constant blow energy is considered. The proposed and analyzed versions of air distribution system are based on using a mechanically closing elastic valve. The test data on experimental prototypes of the air drill hammer with the external distributing elements that set blow frequency are presented. The frequency adjustment ranges are determined.

Aimed at improving efficiency of non-explosive vibroseis method, the new concept of using a solenoid percussive drive enables essential increase in useful mechanical work with the limited external diameter. The results of the finite element modeling of magnetic field in FEMM are reported. The authors have found the force and energy characteristics of the drive and the prospects for its application in a casing with the external diameter limited to 120 mm.

The structural and chemical surface transformation of basic kimberlite-forming minerals (calcite, olivine, serpentine) under the contact with natural and waste mineralized water and products of electrochemical treatment of the water are studied using X-ray photoelectronic spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray spectral micro-analysis, and atomic force microscopy. It is found that contact of kimberlite extract and recycling water induces chemical modification of calcite surface, which consists in adsorption of hydrocarbon impurities, and chlorine- and silica-bearing compounds, majority of which are removed during interaction with the product of electrochemical treatment of recycling water. The change in the structural and chemical surface properties of rock-forming silicates, aside from adsorption-desorption of organic compound, is also connected with the distortion of nano-size layer structure after leaching of Mg, Fe and Si, and with the carbonatization of the surface.

The numerical modeling provides a holist picture of mechanical treatment and activation of substances in disintegrator. The authors calculate kinematic and dynamic characteristics of elastic and inelastic collisions in terms of halite, quartz and sulfur particles and disintegrator fingers. The recommendations on selecting optimal treatment conditions for natural minerals and waste material in order to dissociate mineral concretions and for selective activation of minerals are given. The research findings can partly be used for other types of percussion disintegrating devices, in particular, jet mills.

The article focuses on concentrating of nickel from lean solutions of leaching of oxidized nickel ore. The proposed block diagram of process flow chart for such solutions includes hydrolytic removal of admixed iron and aluminium and precipitation of nickel concentrate by calcinated magnesia. The as a result, nickel content of the concentrate is 26-26% at the recovery of 95-97%. The issues of decontamination and recycling of the solutions are solved.

The article describes mineralogical and processing properties of ferruginous quartzite from Kimkan deposit. Essential nonuniformity of the composition and properties of the major metallic mineral-magnetite-should be accounted for when processes and, particularly, when selecting pretreatment method.

The authors describe studies into dressability of mill tailings from tailings pond of processing plant of Yaroslavskaya Mining Company. It is found that the mill tailings contain 14.92% of CaF₂, 13.16% of CaCO₃ and 0.49% of Zn. The use of new compositions of modifies in flotation of fluorite allows production of standard grade concentrates with the CaF₂ content of 93.19-95.54% at the recovery of 52.75-30.15%. Zinc recovery in the concentrate is 38.84% at the yield of 42.11%.

The environment protection and dust control on washed-in waste piles is complicated by the continuous replenishment of tailings and, consequently, formation of new dusting layer on the pile surface. This problem can be solved using aerosol guns-fog-projection devices within the dust suppression system. The authors propose to place the aerosol dust suppression system on a platform-car moving along a tailings dump. This allows automating dust control and increasing volume of transported water. Grain-size composition of dust at tailing dumps of Kovdor Mining and Processing Plant is determined. From the laboratory experiments, it is found how intensity of dust transfer abates dust suppression. The experimental findings make it possible to calculate the required number of jets for an aerosol gun.

Mining and processing industry forms mining landscape. Reclamation of mined-out areas is an efficient way of the environment protection in mining regions. It is rational to make mining-disturbed lands suitable for further use by taking mineral mining and processing waste. Justification of technology of placing waste in the mined-out void of Vostochny open pit of Magnitogorsk Metallurgical Plant at Magnitnaya Mountain (Chelyabinsk Region) is based on the analysis of hydrodynamic and hydrochemical history of the project, laboratory studies into interaction of backfills with quarry water and prediction modeling of change of conditions in the course of backfilling the open pit by means of modeling hydro-geomigration.

Geophysical methods of detecting places of spontaneous heating in mined-out voids in gently dipping and inclined coal bed in Kuzbass mines are reviewed. The emphasis is laid on the method of equatorial dipole sounding used to determined temperature of coal in the place of spontaneous heating in Olzherasskaya Novaya Mine. The cooling time of the coal and rock nest down to the temperature of surrounding rock mass is estimated, and the self-heating seat suppression actions are proposed.

Samples of rocks with different physico-mechanical properties (three kinds of granite, marble and quartzite) were subjected to destruction by impacts. Fractoluminescence was recorded on the damaged surface, and amplitudes and frequencies of series of light pulses were determined. On all test samples, initiation of inter-grain cracks was observed. Defects on the surface of grains in granite samples had two typical sizes conformable with defects in quartz and spar, while uniform content minerals (marble and quartzite) features unimodal distribution of sizes of defects on the surface of grains.

Objective. Currently increasing attention to the parameters of central aortic pressure (cAP). The study associations of cAP, its augmentation and amplification, with a number of metabolic parameters in the general population of Novosibirsk is of interest. Material and methods. The study involved 327 people: 155 men and 172 women aged 25-44 years from a representative sample of the general population of Novosibirsk. The research program included anthropometry, blood pressure measurement and biochemical analysis of blood serum. Central hemodynamic parameters were determined using SphygmoCor system. Metabolic syndrome components were determined according to the criteria of RSC 2009. We used the methods of descriptive statistics and analysis of data in the general linear model (GLM). Results. Systolic cAP was associated with waist circumference, triglycerides and blood glucose levels independently of other metabolic parameters, sex, age, height and heart rate. Diastolic cAP was associated with the waist circumference, triglycerides, blood glucose and low density lipoproteins levels. Triglycerides level was also associated with central augmented pressure, heart rate corrected central augmented pressure and non augmented amplification of systolic pressure. Central aortic hypertension was associated with abdominal obesity and hypertriglyceridemia, regardless of other metabolic syndrome components, sex, age, height and heart rate. Central aortic pressure in persons with abdominal obesity was 109/79 mm Hg, in the group of persons with hypertriglyceridemia - 110/78 mm Hg. Conclusion. In the general population of Novosibirsk residents 25-44 years independent determinants of central aortic pressure were waist circumference, triglycerides, low density lipoproteins and blood glucose levels. Triglycerides level was also independently associated with central augmented pressure, heart rate corrected central augmented pressure and non augmented amplification of systolic pressure. Central aortic hypertension was independently associated with abdominal obesity and hypertriglyceridemia.

Aim: to investigate clinical, functional and biochemical characteristics of patients with different ultrasound patterns of carotid atherosclerosis. Material and methods. The study included 96 hypertensive patients with carotid atherosclerosis, 55 men and 41 women (mean age 60.3±9.31 years). The first group involved 71 patients with plaque in the carotid arteries and IMT greater than 0.9 mm, the second - 25 patients with plaque and IMT less than 0.9 mm. Evaluation of cognitive impairment was performed using a Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). We evaluated lipid panel, markers of subclinical inflammation: high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α. Weperformed the probe with endothelium-dependent vasodilation by D.S. Celermajer and duplex scanning of the carotid arteries and lower limb arteries. Results. Among the first group of patients was significantly greater proportion of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) type 2 and they had significantly higher body mass index (BMI). Also in the first group was significantly lower MMSE score (p = 0,02) and was significantly higher the part of patients with mild cognitive impairment (p = 0.01). IMT values in the femoral arteries were significantly higher in the first group. Patients of the first group had significantly higher values of atherogenic lipoproteins. Patients of the first group had a significantly lower response to dilatation of the brachial artery and was significantly greater the part of patients with endothelial dysfunction - 42 (59 %) versus 11 (44 %) (p = 0.02). In patients with plaque in the carotid arteries and normal IMT revealed significantly higher levels of IL-1β and IL-6. Conclusion. Patients with plaque in the carotid arteries combined with an increase in IMT were significantly higher cholesterol levels of atherogenic lipoprotein fractions, higher BMI and a greater frequency of endothelial dysfunction. In this subpopulation of patients had more severe cognitive impairment. Patients of the second group had significantly lower values of IMT in lower limb arteries and significantly greater levels of circulating IL-1β and IL-6.

Objective: To determine the risk of developing diseases associated with atherosclerosis (myocardial infarction and stroke) in men and women with vital exhaustion in general in population 25-64 years in Russia / Siberia. Material and methods: In the III screening WHO program «MONICA-psychosocial» surveyed a random representative sample of the population aged 25-64 in Novosibirsk in 1994 (men = 657, women = 870). The program screened survey included: registration of socio-demographic data, identification VE. For a 16 year period it revealed a myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke in women cases (15 and 35) and male (30 and 22). Results. VE level were: men 66.8 % (-14.6 % high), 75.7 % in women (44.4 % higher). The risk of MI among men with VE was HR=2. We did not get the effect of VE on the risk MI among women. RR of MI in persons with VE were higher among divorced women HR = 5.4, than men HR = 4.7. Risk MI was higher in men with VE: primary education HR = 2.2; have never married HR = 3.7, widowed male HR = 7, in 45-54 years HR = 3.8 and HR = 55-64 5.9. In women, these associations have been identified. Risk of stroke in patients with VE were higher in women HR = 3.34, than men HR=3.1. Risk stroke was higher only in men with VE: with incomplete secondary - primary education HR = 4.8; men, divorced HR = 3.8, widowed men at HR = 3.6. Risk of stroke among people older than 55 years was higher in women HR = 2.9, than men HR = 2.4. Conclusion: Prevalence of VE was higher in women than in men. Vital exhaustion is a predictor of MI in men and stroke in both genders. VE has a large prevalence among the population aged 25-64 years, and higher in women than in men. VE is a predictor of atherosclerosis-associated diseases: myocardial infarction greater in men than in women and stroke in both sexes.

Purpose: The patterns of findings in a fundus in cardiovascular (СVD) and chronic non-communicable diseases have been investigated in European and North American populations with heterogeneous results. The subject has not been practically studied in Russian population. We performed systematic literature search for 15 years (2001-2015) to summarize the data from published studies on the relationship between fundus abnormalities and CVD and its’ complications. Methods. We used the Internet resources: PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/), Scopus (http://www.scopus.com), e-library (http://elibrary.ru/defaultx.asp) and major domestic cardiological, therapeutic and ophthalmologic journals. Results. The analysis of the data accumulated in the literature showed the associations between specific patterns of fundus abnormalities and CVD, and also a prognostic impact of these changes on the development of complications of CVD. Namely are shown: the association between a narrowing of arteries and dilation of veins and the risk of ischemic heart disease and fatal CVD; the association between an increase of vein diameter and the risk of a cerebral stroke; the relationship between fundus changes and aging and risk factors of CVD; the contribution of ophthalmoscopic identification of fundus abnormalities to the stratification of cardiovascular risk.

The article is devoted to the current state of the problem of statin use in interventional cardiology. It is shown that the use of statins in patients with stable manifestations of coronary heart disease, and in patients with acute coronary syndrome has a protective effect, which is reflected in the reduction of perioperative myocardial ischemia, improvement of left ventricular systolic function, reducing the number of adverse cardiac events. It is known that the protective role of statins is associated not only with the cholesterol-lowering effect, but also with a large number of pleiotropic effects. A lot of attention is paid to the complex and problematic group of patients with chronic total occlusions of coronary arteries (CTO). The presence of CTO is associated with poor prognosis and increased mortality in long-term period. A significant problem during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with the CTO is a frequent development of perioperative ischemia or myocardial infarction, which is associated with an increased mortality rates within 30 days after PCI, as well as in the long-term period. Currently, mostly proved protective effect of atorvastatin. Based on the analysis of contemporary literature is concluded that statin efficacy in the prevention of complications of PCI in patients with CTO is currently not in doubt.

The purpose of the review. Analyze basic data on the hypertrigliceridemia (HTG) role in the pathogenesis of HTG-associated acute pancreatitis (AP), and the current treatment of the disease. Recent literature data. HTG-associated AP met in 5-15 % of the AP cases. In the HTG-associated AP pathogenesis leading role belongs to obstruction of capillaries by TG and chylomicrons, local ischemia of the pancreas, as well as the accumulation of toxic free fatty acids by TG hydrolysis, resulting in damage to the acinary cells and capillary epithelium, which exacerbates acidosis and stimulates premature trypsinogen activation with the initiation of acute edematous or necrotizing pancreatitis. Modern treatment of HTG-associated AP include plasmapheresis to the TG levels of 300-500 mg/dL, then - diet, refuse from alcohol, drugs: omega-3 fatty acids, fibrates, nicotinic acid. Planned for lipoprotein lipase deficiency gene therapy by injecting a viral vector alipogen tiparvovek, resulting in significantly increasing of lipoprotein lipase activity, decreased plasma triglycerides and chylomicrons levels and decreases the incidence of AP.

The review systematized modern concepts of markers of endothelial dysfunction and disorders of hemostasis (asymmetric dimethylarginine, endothelin 1, adhesive ICAM and VCAM molecules, apolipoproteins, antithrombin III, receptor of urokinase plasminogen activator, tissue factor pathway inhibitor, blood coagulation factors VII, XII, prothrombin) associated with atherogenesis, and genes responsible for their regulation.