Home – Home – Jornals – Scientific journal “Vestnik NSUEM” 2017 number 1

The paper considers information reports of District departments of the Joint public political administration (OGPU) of the Ural region for 1924 both as the documents included in the system of information and analytical activities of law enforcement agencies and as a historical source. Within the source study research historical conditions of emergence of a source are analyzed, the characteristic to authors is given, circumstances of creation of the document are described, the analysis of content and interpretation of a source is performed. The conclusion about compilation nature of reports which performed functions both of informing and a report for superior organizations is drawn. In the course of data movement from informants to district representatives, and then from district department to regional management, information was significantly transformed (contracted and eliminated). Practically all aspects of production, public and everyday life of citizens got to the sphere of attention of OGPU that allows to use data as a source for studying of a wide range of problems. In particular, the social structure of the early Soviet society is considered in the reports, as well as loyalty of separate social groups to RCP(b), Soviet authorities and Red Army. The source includes the direct speech of citizens in a statement of informants, gives an idea of rumors which circulated among inhabitants. Contents of reports allow to consider the main tendencies of development of the early Soviet society, such as laicisation, social mobilization, democratization (Sovietization), technological progress (with emphasis on the idea of recovery of economy to pre-war level), an urbanization and educational development.

During the Stalin’s period, there were the facts of inter-regional competition in the USSR. The first such cases were dating back to the 1920s and concerned with the attempts to overcome the uneven territorial economic development of the USSR, which was due to the concentration of the major part of the country’s productive forces in the South economic region (the Ukraine’s Donbass). The Soviet government made an attempt to soften these disparities by developing the industry of the Urals (the Ural-Kuzbass project). The Ural-Kuzbass project faced strong criticism from the representatives of the Ukraine who were not ready to abandon the investments into their own industry for the benefit of the Urals and West Siberia. In 1930, in spite of the Ukraine’s resistance, the central authorities under personal influence of Stalin approved the construction of the Ural-Kuzbass project. The new phase of the competition between the South and the Urals started during to the Great Patriotic War. During the warfare and occupation, the Donbass’ industry was demolished, while the Ural-Kuzbass had become a strategic base of the Soviet military industry, and that led to a substantial increase of its enterprises’ role in the structure of the country’s economy. Supporters of the further development of the eastern territories of the USSR (including the Urals) attempted to take an advantage of that situation. There were proposals to restrict the scales of resurrection of the Ukrainian industry and to concentrate resources in favor of the further development of the industry of the Urals and the whole Soviet East. Those ideas did not find support in the central government, and after the war, the industry of the Ukraine was restored in full-scale. After the war, rivalry between the Urals and the Soviet western territories (primarily the Ukraine) continued in the form of contest for keeping the earlier evacuated skilled manpower and scientific & design organizations on their new spots, for capital resources and care of the central ministries and departments. There are also the reasons to claim that there was a competition between the Urals and the USSR’s North-West (Leningrad). The obvious instance was the debates around the realization of the Ural-Pechora project.

In the article two unique documents are introduced in scientific circulation the first time. The first is Memorandum of Leonid Brezhnev for Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) Central Committee dated August 28, 1982 devoted to the development of grain farming. The second is the Resolution of the CPSU Central Committee dated September 2, 1982 as a result of the discussion of this memorandum. The article describes a retrospective analysis of the grain problem in the Soviet Union, which escalation occurred in the late 1970s - early 1980s. The gross grain harvest decreased these years, but imports increased significantly. This was the reason for preparing the memorandum, which contained an assessment of the state of grain farming and proposals for the industry crisis management. Brezhnev believed that the main cause of low production were frequent crop failures, because of which USSR was forced to import grain. According to Brezhnev, the scale of using fertilizers, equipment, agriculture technology, adoption of optimal crop rotations, the expansion of crops enriching soils with nitrogen, especially alfalfa, should encourage to increase grain production and reduce imports. He offered to purchase new technology equipment in France to establish seed production of alfalfa. Actions to improve fodder production were also defined in the document. One of them was increase of soybean crops necessary for obtaining feed with protein content. It was required to organize purchase of soybeans and products of processing abroad before market saturation by means of own production. According to Brezhnev, imports of soybeans and technologies of alfalfa seed production were essential measures to let the country refuse from crops import. Reducing the crop import had to contribute increasing the capacity of feed industry. In conclusion the author emphasizes that the implementation of measures proposed in the memorandum didn’t solve the grain problem in the USSR.

Nowadays changes in the national museum world are caused by both economic conditions and society demands for historical, national and cultural landmarks, desire for self-identity. The dynamics of the museum world changes put questions of managing the heritage, including the theoretical ones - the problems of interpretation, authenticity, scientific content, historicism. Solving these problems is the most important element in organizing the process of the community self-reflection. The topics, to which museums intently refer since 2000s and that determine nowadays basic museum discourse are those of the world system of life arrangement: land, family/personality, order. In each of the above mentioned topics the urge for searching and preserving identity, using those cultural accumulations that actualize traditional values as opposed to transient novelty prevail. This subject-matter drastically determines the specifics and quality of the decisions that museums offer to their audience. All museum profile groups and types reflect designated processes one way or another, but in some of them it is the most bright and concentrated. Primarily these are museum complexes combining the characteristics of two or more profiles and types. Essential shifts in the nature of activity and conceptions of development of museum-reserves, local lore and memorial museums mainly occur. Only scientifically valid criteria for selecting artifacts and objects for museumification and objective view of historical and cultural processes can facilitate creation of vivid, emotionally charged and authentic field of historical memory. Just the problem of scientific selection, criticism and interpretation of sources becomes the most actual one in the modern museum practice, and especially in the work with diverse objects of multicultural heritage. Here a significant role belongs not only to museums but also to the society that is able to self-reflecting about what exactly should be preserved and passed to future generations.

The active process of national cultures revival led to the creation of ethnic-cultural associations in the country. This article analyzes the reasons for forming national cultural centers and identifies ways of public associations. Topical presentation and study of ethno-cultural associations were outlined in the structure of Kazakhstan People Assembly. From the scientific heritage point of view, it shows the contribution of ethnic-cultural centers in preservation and development of language, traditions, customs and national culture. Kazakhstan realized in practice the principles of tolerance, harmony and tolerance, which became the fundamental public policy priorities. Kazakhstan has created a unique socio-political institution - the Assembly of People of Kazakhstan. Because of research activities of the Assembly it was concluded that ethno-cultural associations are one of the tools of civil consolidation of different ethnic groups and society as a whole, that the friendship of nationalities and national unity is a basic condition for Kazakhstan’s progressive development in the world. The Assembly of People of Kazakhstan - this is the united people of Kazakhstan. The preservation of peace, harmony and stability in the civil harmonious society is one of the most important achievements for the independent state. These sacred values have become fundamental to all citizens of Kazakhstan. In difficult conditions, the Assembly was able to create an optimal model of relations among all ethnic groups of the population. It is based on mutual understanding and tolerance, patriotism and civic responsibility for the destiny of the country and representatives of all ethnic groups. The author has discovered a vast volume of very interesting experience of ethno-cultural associations. Thus, ethnic-cultural associations as the Assembly of Kazakhstan People structure are active members of civil society in its consolidation.

In this article, the landmarks of the professional biography of History Professor W. Sliwowska, a prominent Polish researcher, should be considered. For more than a half a century she has been being actively integrated into the Soviet and the Russian historical studies. Professor Sliwowska has made an important contribution to the academic research in Russia. In Russia, she is known as a great scholar and a longstanding co-chair of the Russian-Polish Commission of the Historians of Russian and Polish Academies of Science. Professor Sliwowska plays an important role among the Russian intelligentsia. Her scientific heritage belongs equally to both Poland and Russia. Professor Sliwowska is an expert on the history of the 19^th century, on the political exile, on the socio-political movement and on the Russian-Polish relations. She is the author of monographs and bio-bibliographical dictionaries, translations, book reviews, documentary publications. Moreover, she is the founder of the school of thought in Poland. Many years she has led an academic department at the Institute for the History of Science of the Polish Academy of Sciences. The article presents an overview of the main research works and the concepts of W. Sliwowska. Her academic plans, her unique methodology of the historical research, and her social position should be discussed. The Name of Professor Sliwowska is indissolubly linked with the revival and the flourishing of the historical studies in Poland after the World War II. For the modern Historians, she is a great example of devotion to the studies and beliefs. By her works, she maintains the high level of the Polish historical school of thought. Professor Sliwowska takes a stand against vulgarization and politicization of the historical research, especially in the matters of penal servitude and exile. She criticizes the simplified, mythologized and ideologized approaches to the problem, which negatively affect the academic objectivism of research. Wiktoria Sliwowska is one of the most prominent and respected Polish Historians in Russia. Nowadays, her scientific and social heritage is being actively studied and popularized in Russia.

The objective of the article is to review the biographic information and administrative activities of the commanders of military units of the Siberian fortified defense line, to research their contribution to ensuring the secure environment for the peoples of the Southern Siberia and adjacent territories as well as to the economic and cultural development of the region. The author has shown that the majority of the Siberian defense lines commanders was made by the descendants of immigrants from the former German lands, representatives of Baltic-German nobility who switched to the Russian service during the Great Northern War and successfully integrated into the Russian multi-ethnic society. By virtue of their origin, education, special training they were not only good performers of government policies, but also agents and leaders of many European innovations in Siberia being its “cultural avant-garde” Y.M. Lotman. Due to their knowledge and experience gained in military campaigns and during the construction of fortifications in the Caucasus, the descendants of the former German knights and other military experts were successfully solving complex tasks while participating in the process of the unified system of Russian defensive lines’ creation and made a significant contribution to the economic and cultural development of the border area and Siberia in general. Their activity significantly intensified exploration and colonization of the vast region, facilitated safe living conditions there, and also led to the advanced production methods, new management culture, literacy, religious tolerance among the local population and, thus strengthening Russia’s influence on the southern borders of Siberia and adjacent territories.

The formation and development of the regional literary culture have always been greatly determined by the reader. At the turn of the 20^th century most of the reading public in Tomsk, as well as in Russia in general, were children. To study this readership it is very important to use informal sources that give much information about the individual perception of childhood as well as the child’s reading interests and needs. Among such sources is the children’s home library. Tomsk Regional Local Lore Museum Archive contains two inventory lists of editions that, judging by reader’s marks, uniform underlining and the owner’s autograph note, belonged to the library collected in Tomsk in the 19th - early 20th centuries by Vadim Efimov, who apparently was an educated man, preoccupied with questions of home education and competent in matters of pedagogy and youth literature. The editorial and publishing preparation of books in Efimov’s library demonstrates his good taste and consistency. The selection of books for the youth readership indicates that the library was focused on both male and female adolescents. Much of the collection consisted of works by foreign or Russian authors. Foreign literature was represented by modern fiction that was popular among children of that time and was included in the recommendation lists for family reading. Russian literature was represented by series of sentimental, moralistic and realistic stories. Efimov paid special attention to the works by Lidia Charskaya, which emphasizes the non-regulatory character of the home library, the freedom of the collector who wants to please the young reader. Due to the lack of special literature for children in various branches, the works on history and military arts were to widen the young reader’s scope of knowledge in history, while travelogues and essays on travel - in geography. The belles-lettres department of the library also included the works of Russian “adult” classics (Pushkin, Lermontov) published for children, so the entertaining popular literature was complemented by classics, prose - by poetry. The library also contained many popular scientific-educational editions mainly on geography and natural science. The books were selected so that the reader could get encyclopedic knowledge about the world in its system and relationships. It is not by chance that Efimov’s collection included the children’s fundamental encyclopaedic edition published by I.D. Sytin, which was considered best for that time. Finally, the library contained a number of binders of illustrated magazines. The analysis of the children home library in Tomsk reveals the attitude of the intellectual collector to the problems of home education, as well as gives information about the adolescent’s range of reading interests in Tomsk in the late 19th - early 20th centuries.

The problem of the role of Siberia in the First World War of 1914-1918 received less attention than the war political aspects or the combat operations course, including the participation of Siberian divisions. Due to the fact that Siberia was a rear region this role was reduced to conscript and train the replenishment for the army. At the same time, soldiers in the rear often committed various wrongdoings followed by punishment, as well as at the front. Apart from unauthorized absences and disrespect to the seniors, usual for all kinds of troops, there were specific ones manifested during replenishments delivery to the front. The issue of disciplinary problems in the army were somehow elucidated in a large number of historical studies, and adequately disclosed both in the whole Russia, and particularly with regard to the front-line situation. The most studied type of violation, without any doubt, was the desertion. However, the situation in the rear did not cause the same interest among researchers. The article objective is to characterize disciplinary and other misconducts of Siberian recruits and penalties for them evidently for soldiers of the chosen battalion (regiment), as well as to identify factors contributed to disciplinary violations committed in the unit. The study is guided by the principles of fairness and historicism, and apply scientific techniques of cognition (methods of analysis and synthesis, etc.). The article marks factors that contributed to the development of disciplinary problems in the rear, which are the officers’ staff, deferred sentences, specific features of the military legislation in the rear. It also presents the assessment of the regiment command activity, the situation has been recognized as satisfactory.

This article considers prices and fair value of assets on the financial market according to distinctions in investors’ knowledge. In research were determined the essential parameters characterizing information which is used in investment decision making. On the basis of parameters value determination the typological groups of information space of the financial market were constructed. Participants of the financial market were classified into groups, which are correlated with typological groups of information space. Comparison of provisions of efficient market and adaptive market hypotheses in the context of the constructed typological groups has allowed to develop a evolutionary efficient market hypothesis.

Differences between the Russian regions by the level of development of innovation activity make urgent the task of their typization. Special attention should be paid to dynamics of innovation activity, because only this permits to judge about sustainability of innovation processes in regional economy and their tendencies. In the present work, the statistical data are used for the purposes of the typization of the Russian regions by dynamics of innovation activity in 2010-2014. Five types of the regions by their long-term success and four types by appearance of tendencies of innovation development are established. In Russia, there are many regions demonstrating long-term success, although those characterized by permanent increase in innovation activity are few. Geographically close location of the regions with different dynamics of innovation activity is considered as a significant premise for solution of the problems detected by the attempted analysis. Practical importance of the results is determined by the fact the typization of regions by dynamics of innovation activity is urgent for state governance of innovation activity and, particularly, development of programs aimed at building of innovation-oriented regional economy. Additionally, the typization allows evaluation of premises for realization of ambitious projects such as foundation of regional financial centers and clusters.

The article studies the issues of availability of labor resources in Russian economy in the context of threats to national security. The analysis of the demo-graphical situation in the country showed that despite the implementation of var-ious socially important projects the personnel deficit is expected to sharpen be-cause of the change in the age and sex structure of the population. Besides, low quality of labor resources, expressed in indicators of education, health and level of life, raises concerns. While employees value the professional qualification of employers at a rather low rate, there is heavy mortality among adult population, as well as wide range of the employed that can’t satisfy their minimum physio-logical needs due to their wage. The author draws a conclusion about the need of increase of efficiency of use of the labor resources of the country.

Collection and recycling of waste is one of the most important economic prob-lems in any country. There is a large amount of accumulated waste in Russia, the development of the recycling can be a source of increase of the gross national product, as well as reduction of its energy intensity. Population plays an im-portant role in formation of the recycling sector. The article lists the reasons of the currently weak involvement of the population in collection of waste. The EU waste management experience is analyzed on the basis of the data of European statistics. The conclusions on the possibility of application of foreign experience in Russia are drawn.

The authors focus on the issue of advantage of expenditure on education for the Russian budget. Expenditure on education has a positive effect on the development of science and technology and growth in personal income, which has been discussed by many contemporary economists. Regression analysis shows a positive relationship between education level and tax revenues of Russian regions’ consolidated budgets.

The article presents the basic provisions of the methodology of strategic management of constituent entity of the Russian Federation and municipal formation, the goal, implementation principles, object of management, key processes, evaluation subsystem and other elements of strategic management at meso-level are specified. The fragment of substantiation of the growth points of Mezhdurechensk urban district is presented on the basis of application of SWOT analysis following generalization of the best practice (Russian and foreign experience), as well as typical errors in development of the strategy of social and economic development of the territory.

The aim of the research was the analysis of the present investment in fixed capital for individual entrepreneurs, related to three dimensional categories, specialized on different economic activities and located in different regions of Russia. As initial data were used in the preliminary results continuous observation of the activities of small and medium businesses in 2015 year. The study was based on analysis of specific investments per one entrepreneur and investment per worker. The identified regions with a low level of investments in fixed capital by individual entrepreneurs.

The problems of the deficit of investment potential of Russian economy are analyzed, although the assets of the bank sector of Russian economy alone amount to more than 80 trillion roubles. It is quite sufficient for service of the 2016 Russian real gross domestic product in the amount of 42 trillion roubles. However, the actually produced gross domestic product is serviced by М₂ money supply, which amounted to 7,723 trillion roubles and is clearly insufficient. Considering that economy is in critical need for investment, the stated stock of money is extremely low. Emission of currency is the only solution. However, Central Bank raises absolute objections because of the accelerating inflation danger. Central Bank pursues the policy of dear money, by setting the highest key rate in the world at 17 % in 2014 and reducing it to 10,5 % in 2016. And all of that happened under conditions of the economic crisis. Such a key rate is manifested in the cred-it rate of 25-30 % for entrepreneurs, which slows down the growth. At the same time, the monetization factor of the Russian gross domestic product is 0,47. Meanwhile, the monetization factor in all OECD countries and other developed countries is above 1,0. It is also well known from the world business practices that no country in the world has ever made economic spurt with monetization factor of gross domestic product below 1,0. The author is trying to find all possible relations between the stated problems and define optimal level of monetization of the gross domestic product for Russia.

This article represents a typology of different mechanisms of investment-decision making process on financial market. The typology was constructed through selection of periods with the signs of one-quality development. Creation of development chains was based on two classification parameters: quantity of available information on financial market and the decision-making algorithm. As the result, the main stages in use of various investment-decisions methods was determined. Moreover, we propose a classification, which allowed to determine the main periods in development of investment decisions in the context of investor behavior: quasi-rational, rational and boundedly rational.

Scientific publications analysis indicated that DuPont model is used to analyze the factors affecting the value of the return on equity at a particular time, without regard to their variability. This article considered the application of the three-factor model of DuPont in terms of assessing the impact of the growth rates of the individual factors on the growth rate of return on equity. Depending on the stakeholders’ interests, the authors proposed a decomposition DuPont model, which allows us to construct a typology of companies, based on the degree of importance of the separate factors.

The article formulates recommendations on improvement of budgetary system in Russia concerning delimitation and increase of incomes. The author proposes self-government structure, that allows distribution of budget recourses and management functions among different levels of territorial system. The article also describes measures of delimitation of budget revenues in favor of local powers, according to which property and income taxes is proposed to consolidate in local budgets, to transfer some federal and regional taxes in the category of local, as well as to change the enrollment’s ratios of tax revenues to the budgets of different levels. The results can be used in the development and implementation budget policy at the federal and sub-federal levels in order to strengthen fiscal capacity of local self-governments.

It is shown that the economic equilibrium is achievable, provided the balance of the economy, manifested in the ability economic system elements to implement joint reproduction of their own financial resources on the basis of and for the updates of the production function and product, to achieve financial and economic stability, ensured financial strength, existence of its stock and (or) attraction for participants in the financial markets. Maintaining economic and financial stability of today’s outsiders in modern conditions is possible on the basis of intensification of the processes of their absorption by the leaders of the economy that contribute to financial savings. On this basis, provided by the economic and financial stability of national socio-economic system as it is balanced (in equilibrium) with the financial markets for opportunities-financial system micro to use their potential without generating conflict of interest.

Regional clusters are considered from the perspective of the evolutionary approach, the nature of the key parameters of the cluster at various life cycle phases is defined. The analysis of the main methods, used in identification of the clusters (interindustry balance, coefficient of localization, «cluster groups», Ripley method, expert evaluation), is carried out; it is found which parameters of the cluster are estimated by these methods, their advantages and disadvantages are revealed.

The article shows the necessity of control as the necessary tool for increase of the efficiency of use of budgetary funds in solution of social and economic problems of citizens and economic entities by specific example. The main emphasis is on illustration of efficiency of control of performance discipline in calculation of the performance indicators with consideration for planned indicators and their current adjustments in the course of execution of the state target program of informatization of Novosibirsk region.

The article presents a detailed analysis of the state of the Russian market of bank insurance in the time interval 2008-2015. The structure of this market in different classification sections was investigated. Author’s assessment of the dynamics of the bank insurance market in general, as well as its individual segments (retail insurance, insurance of legal entities through banks, insurance of banks’ risks) was fulfilled. Tendencies of key components, such as life insurance of the borrower, auto insurance, mortgage insurance, etc. are determined. Conclusions and suggestions were made. State and departmental statistics and open press data were used as an information basis for the study.

The article analyzes the formation of the united European identity within European Union. The approaches to definition of the national and European identities are considered from the perspective of such theorists like Benedict Anderson, Jurgen Habermas etc. The authors made an attempt to describe the main functions of identity, as well as to mark out the main markers of identity, which con-tribute to substitution of the national identity for the European one for citizens of EU and contribute to its spread.

The article presents the results of original research of modern media as a system of institutions of generating and direction of information flow on their subordinate communication channels. One of their functions is the preparation and formation of public opinion, which one way or another is the basis for the spiritual and moral principles of each particular person and society as a whole. This allowed the author not only to identify the main problems of the influence of mass media on the formation of moral and spiritual young generation of values, but also to offer media reframing of their goals as one of the restructuring methods, which is aimed at changing the perception from funds youth media broadcast information and their settings. Reframing also suggests the formation of mechanisms, which can help overcome the spiritual degradation of the society and provide a set of values offset to the spiritual revival of the modern Russian society.

The article presents the results of a sociological study conducted in a military unit № «C» of the Central Military District in February-March in years 2011, 2013. The questionnaire survey was conducted among conscripts of the same company using the basic array method. The selection was 113 and 196 people in 2011 and 2013, respectively. The study is intended to establish manifestations of aggressively-oriented destructions which conscripts under the study were faced during the service.

The article has a methodological focus. The author analyzes problems and prospects of the organization and conduct of a new phase of monitoring the level and quality of life of older residents. The opinions of specialists on the appropriateness of changing the sample, the frequency of the completion, the completion of the toolkit, the introduction of changes in the organizational structure of monitoring are analyzed, evaluated, summarized in the work. Estimates of specialists involved in the focus discussion, and the moderator (the author) based on their personal 5-year experience of participation in research. Participants in the discussion offered their own ideas and discussed the innovations. They also identified some of the risks that may arise when updating the toolkit, searching for respondents according to specified parameters, attracting new categories of interviewers. Types of methodological risks that can manifest themselves in the process of introducing innovations into the organizational structure of monitoring, social indicators of the level and quality of life of elderly Muscovites, are summarized and are commented in the article.

Independent evaluation of qualification is intended to be the tool of formation of the national qualification market. However, the «independent evaluation of qualification» term is still not widespread in domestic practice due to high theoretical and methodological and methodic uncertainty. The article reveals the signature features of the prevailing educational programs market and developing qualification market on the basis of the analysis and generalization of the normative legal acts of the Russian Federation, the authors treatment and interpretation of architectonics of the system of independent evaluation is given.

In this paper, we present a computer appliance, which is intended for remote control and monitoring of multimedia projectors. The computer appliance is developed and embedded in Novosibirsk State University of Economics and Management and provides easy and unified access for different multimedia projectors with an infrared receiver. The developed computer appliance allows potential extension in order to control other devices with an infrared receiver (e.g. air conditionings, plasma display panels, DVD-players etc.). The main part of the computer appliance is an Arduino microcontroller with an infrared transmitter, an infrared receiver and a RFID-reader for users’ authentication via demonstration an electronic pass. The microcontroller is connected with the personal computer, which, in its turn, is connected with the multimedia projector. Also, we developed special software for this computer, for the microcontroller, as well as for the server, which is intended for centralized control of all the available projectors.

A number of scientists and philosophers have expressed doubts about the usefulness of the philosophy of science to scientists. The most special sciences do not provoke philosophical reflection. There is no exact definition of science, properly applicable to all special scientific disciplines. The epistemological square is proposed as a more clear analytical structure of the philosophical problems of science. It allows to organize the relationship, the genesis, the functioning of the laws, hypotheses, problems, methods, empirical facts, extensive taxa and highly specialized sciences. There are marked restrictions of T. Kuhn’s concept of paradigms. In many special sciences no revolution occurred. In the proposed “syntagm” concept the knowledge is borrowed from different disciplines and applies to solve new non-standard scientific problems and tasks. The thorough epistemological, logical and methodological analysis of the philosophy of science itself is necessary.

The article is deals with the comparison of expressive means of the standard first-order logic and IF-logic as the logic of mathematical discourse. The problem of the uniform continuity in Cauchy's theorem serves as an illustration of the analysis in both systems. It is shown that we can overcom limitations of the standard first-order logic in the IF-logic. Also, the fallacy of criticism of IF-logic as a vehicle for mathematical theorizing is shown.

The article presents the scientific community’s critical arguments against the value of philosophical research. The criticism is caused by the fast that philosophical work deals only with classical problems of science, while modern topical problems slip through the net. By the example of the topical problem of the correct use of mathematics, the article formulates some explanations of the significance of philosophical research for science; it presents a pragmatic grounding for the function of philosophers of science in scientific research and offers some recommendations concerning the description of conditions of applying mathematics.

The paper deals with a brief history of the development of set theory as the foundations of mathematics, and a brief history of the formation process of the type theory. The paper contains a detailed comparison of set theory and type theory, discussion of the problems of the set theory, and the advantages of the type theory as the foundations of mathematics. In addition, the article discusses the pragmatic aspect of the type theory as the foundations of mathematics and contains a brief overview of a modern version of the type theory, namely homotopy type theory.

The paper considers geological knowledge from the point of view of narration methodology developed initially for studying and constructing historical and literary texts. The consideration of geology, which is a natural-science discipline, from the perspective of humanitarian methodology enables to explain peculiarities of creation of geological theories about the past of our planet. In turn, such an explanation becomes a basis for solving the problem of the discrepancy of geological methods to criteria of experimental natural sciences. In addition, such an approach enables to define which information is important for geological knowledge and to define in what form the concepts of geological past are presented.

In the article it is shown that the construction of the logical structure of mental States possibly using fuzzy logic and used its linguistic approach

In the article, we study the evolution of Ancient concept of health and the causes of disease. We start with the earliest natural philosophers (mostly based on the Anonymous Londinensis medical papyrus) and conclude with a study of Galen’s De morborum differentiis (VI.836-880 K.). Health is invariably defined as a condition, which is in accord with nature, while disease is that which is contrary to nature. Our major concern is to discuss how this definition influenced consequent distinction between ‘natural’ and ‘non-natural’, ‘contrary to nature’ and ‘in accord with nature’, and in general, norm and deviation.

The article considerates the basic Chizhevskiy’s thoughts: the idea of the cosmic radiation influence on living organisms, air ionization concept found bringing in ionizer constructed them - "Chizhevskiy’s chandelier", ideas about linking the solar cycles with other astronomical factors. It is shown Chizhevskiy’s idea on the influence the cosmic rays on the live that he proved by statistical method, was developed in modern heliobiology, where they took a confirmation by current measurements. It was shown that the effect of the big changes of solar activity is not specific, and like a stress reaction to external stimuli. The idea of the planets influence on the solar cycle dynamics is actively discussed in the papers but it has not received sufficient evidence, nor was constructed a computable model of the Sun. From a philosophical point of view, Chizhevskiy’s ideas are holistic philosophy cosmism, denying the occasion and replaces the last action of the universal law of evolution.

Innovation ecosystem is defined as a system that fosters application of scientific knowledge to development of new technologies. The genesis and further development of two innovation ecosystems, Akademgorodok of Novosibirsk and Stanford University, is investigated. These ecosystems are similar during 50-th to 70-th: they share similar internal development dynamics and strategy, organization structure featuring a strong visionary leader, namely F. Terman and M. Lavrentiev, types of problems solved within the ecosystem. By the 1970, a novel ecosystem based on Stanford University ecosystem, so-called Sillicon Valley, was born. Contrasting to ecosystems of Stanford and Akademgorodok, the main function of the Sillicon Valley orgranization was not creation of new narrow-scoped technologies, but production of novel high-tech products. A high-tech product consists of multiple technologies and inteded for broad spectrum of applications. The notion of high-tech product is crucial for understanding of contemporary postindustrial mode of science-technology interaction, whilst the notion of ecosystem is crucial for understanding of the environment in which the interaction takes its place.

Critical view on formal demands for structure of dissertation introduction in Russia. Regulatory specifications of state standard and non-formal demands are being analyzed. Existing dissertation introduction structure is common and do not takes into account difference between natural and human sciences, theoretical and empirical research; overloaded by degenerative formalisms and red tape constructions. Existing requirements for paper thesis introductions is a kind of phenomena that could be called dissertation scholasticism. The structure is formed by emasculative philosophical and even pseudophilosophical categories pretended to construe as universal and ultimate methodological framework.