S. E. CHERENKOV
a:2:{s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"TEXT";s:4:"TEXT";s:90:"Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of the RAS, 119071, Moscow, Leninsky аve., 33";}
Keywords: гнездящиеся лесные птицы, площадь местообитания, емкость местообитания, пространственная структура популяции, оценка экологического состояния, forest-nesting birds, area of habitat, carrying capacity of habitat, spatial structure of population, estimation of ecological status, Passeriformes, Piciformes
A 13-year study of forest-nesting birds (orders Passeriformes and Piciformes) was conducted at five constant census areas in European Russia, the Caucasus and mountains of Southern Siberia. Nesting individuals were mapped at each census area during two or more nesting periods. Nesting densities for each species were estimated. The raster maps of spatial allocation (MSA) at the scale 50 x 50 m of the raster grid were obtained for each species. The degree of spatial conservatism (DSC) for each local population was inferred from the pairwise comparisons of the specific MSAs obtained in the same area in different years with the use of the Gamma rank correlation method. This index characterizes connection between the population and the habitat. Based on 5-year observations in the particular census area, the areas of habitats were estimated and mean DSC values were obtained for each of 18 model species. Using the model Y = 117 - 103.5 X ( Y area of habitat, X DSC; R = 0.84, p < 0.01) it was demonstrated that (axis Y ) and the mean estimates of DSC (axis X ) were calculated by the five-year rows on one experimental plot for 18 bird species. With the help of the model ( Y = 117 - 103.5 X ; R = 0.84 p < 0.01), it is shown: under conditions of almost complete saturation, when population uses almost entire area of available habitats and maximum carrying capacity of habitat is almost achieved, the total area occupied by the individual nesting home ranges of the particular species is in an inverse linear relation from DSC estimates. Based on this model, it is possible to calculate the maximum carrying capacity of habitat for each species from its DSC value. Maximum nesting density for each species in the particular census area was calculated based on its DSC values and mean size of its nesting home range. The ratio between observed and maximum nesting densities allowed to estimate the degree of saturation of carrying capacity of habitat and the population status of the particular species under different environmental conditions.
A. V. BOBRETSOV1,2, L. E. LUKYANOVA3, N. M. BYKHOVETS2, A. N. PETROV2
a:2:{s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"HTML";s:4:"TEXT";s:297:"1Pechoro-Ilych State Nature Reserve, 169436, Yaksha, Laninа str., 8 2Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, 167982, Syktyvkar, Kommunisticheskaya str., 28 3Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch of RAS, 620144, Ekaterinburg, 8 Marta str., 202";}
Keywords: лесные полевки, динамика численности, климат, влияние ландшафтов, forest voles, population dynamics, climate, landscape impact
In the last years, in the Northern Pre-Urals there have been significant changes in the population dynamics of forest voles. In the foothill area the abundance of red vole decreased, and that of bank vole increased significantly, as a result of which there was the change of dominant species. In the nearby lowland areas abundance of the bank vole population remained stable, and that of the red vole increased. The main reason of these changes was the transformation of the environment under the influence of global climate change. Most of all it affected the coniferous forests of the foothills and less - the forest lowlands. As a consequence, response of the various species of voles to these changes in different landscape areas were non-identical.
P. A. ZADUBROVSKIY1, A. V. STEPANOVA2, N. V. LOPATINA1, Yu. N. LITVINOV1 1Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, SB RAS, 630091, Novosibirsk, Frunze str., 11 2Novosibirsk State University, 630090, Novosibirsk, Pirogova str., 2
Keywords: открытое поле, плоскочерепная полевка, Alticola strelzowi, тувинская полевка, Alticola tuvinicus, open field, flat-headed vole, Alticola strelzowi, Tuva silver vole, Alticola tuvinicus
A comparative study of movement activity and anxiety in the “open field” tests was conducted on the subadult flat-headed and Tuva silver voles using arenas of two diameters of 50 and 63 cm. It was found that the diameter of the arena influenced features of movement in the test conditions. At the arena of larger diameter, individuals of both species had a higher speed of movement and passed a larger distance both in general and on the periphery. Also only at the larger arenas subadult flat-headed voles showed more mobility and probably were less anxious in the test conditions compared to Tuva silver voles. Hypotheses were proposed about the peculiarities of the ecology of these species reflected in their behavior.
O. N. MAKHUTOVA1,2, E. V. BORISOVA2, S. P. SHULEPINA2, A. A. KOLMAKOVA1, N. N. SUSHCHIK1,2 1Institute of Biophysics, SB RAS, 660036, Krasnoyarsk, Akademgorodok 50/50 2Siberian Federal University, 660041, Krasnoyarsk, Svobodny ave., 79
Keywords: жирные кислоты, Chironomidae, соленое озеро, стадии развития, вылет амфибионтных насекомых, fatty acids, Chironomidae, saline lake, life stages, amphibiotic insect emergence
We studied fatty acid (FA) composition and content of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids in biomass of larvae and adults of Chironomidae species that dominated in benthos of saline Lake Shira: Glyptotendiрes barbiрes, Сhironomus nigrifrons and C. halophilus. Species of different genera significantly differed in their larvae FA composition and essential PUFA content; and they also occupied different ecological niches in the lake. Chironomus species with low PUFA content, 0.2-0.3 mg x g-1 of wet weight, inhabited a deepwater zone, while G. barbiрes that was rich in PUFA, 2.3 mg x g-1 of wet weight, dwelt in littoral of the lake. The biochemical differences were likely related with feeding sources of these taxa and may also be explained by the phylogenetic factor. We did not find differences in the PUFA content of larvae and adults of the same species, G. barbiрes. This finding contrasted with previous data that were based on multispecies samples and showed a substantial increase of PUFA content in adult biomass due to the metamorphosis. Thus, data on biochemical content of larvae can potentially be used in calculations of PUFA fluxes from water to land through chironomid emergence from water bodies. However, taxonomic affiliation of the emerged chironomids should be considered due to high variability in PUFA content in Chironomidae species.
O. P. BAZHENOVA
Omsk State Agrarian University named after P. A. Stolypin, 644008, Omsk, Institute sq., 1
Keywords: фитопланктон, лесные озера, трофический статус, экологическое состояние, Омское Прииртышье, phytoplankton, forest lakes, trophic status, ecological status, Omsk Priirtyshye
According to the materials of a multi-year research the author estimates an ecological status of the forest lakes in the Omsk Priirtyshye in terms of a phytoplankton development. The species composition, structure and floristic similarity degree of the phytoplankton of the polytypic forest lakes are described. The author also determines the trophic status and water quality of these lakes. It was found that an excessive recreation had a negative influence on the ecological status of surveyed lakes.
I. V. ZUEV1, S. P. SHULEPINA1, E. A. TROFIMOVA2, T. A. ZOTINA2
a:2:{s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"HTML";s:4:"TEXT";s:169:"1Siberian Federal University, 660041, Krasnoyarsk, Svobodny avе., 79 2Institute of Biophysics, SB RAS, 660036, Krasnoyarsk, Akademgorodok, 50/50";}
Keywords: Thymallus arcticus, спектр питания, относительная упитанность, зообентос, амфиподы, Apatania crymophila, feeding spectrum, relative condition factor, zoobenthos, amphipods
In 2009-2013, we studied the seasonal dynamics of the feeding spectrum and diet of grayling in a stretch of the middle reaches of the Yenisei River (from the dam of Krasnoyarsk Hydro-Electric Plant to the Kan River mouth) and traced its connection with the state of food supply and fish growth. It was shown that the intensity of fish nutrition was relatively stable throughout the year, despite significant fluctuations in zoobenthos biomass. The contribution of groups that were dominant in the diet - amphipods and larvae of caddis flies - changed depending on the month. Amphipods dominated in the diet of fish in the period from June to October, caddis flies - in the winter and spring months. Among caddis flies, a certain small species Apatania crymophila was consumed. The change of the primary diet component during the summer period corresponds to a sharp increase in the coefficients of relative condition factors, with a peak in August and September. It is assumed that the change in the rate of fish biomass accumulation is associated not only with an increase in water temperature, but also with switching of grayling to consumption of nutritionally more valuable amphipods.
Study of the species composition and diversity of insect communities in herb-shrub layer was conducted. Three hundred seventy four species from 10 orders were revealed. Coleoptera, Diрtera, Heteroptera and Auchenorrhyncha predominated. From 2 to 8 species prevailed in each order. These were Cixius similis Kirschbaum, 1868 , Neophilaenus lineatus (Linnаeus, 1758) , Lepyronia coleoptrata (Linnаeus, 1758) (Auchenorrhyncha), Lygus pratensis (Linnаeus, 1758) , Kleidocerys resedae (Panzer, 1797) , Stictopleurus crassicornis (Linnаeus, 1758) (Heteroptera), Lochmaea suturalis (Thomson, 1866) , Cyphon padi (Linnаeus, 1758) , and Plateumaris discolor (Herbst, 1795) (Coleoptera). The communities had a low species diversity and distribution of species by abundance. The most similar were insect complexes of habitats with herbs as well as habitats with predominant of dwart shrubs. A regression analysis showed a significant relation between species richness and diversity of insects and species composition of plants and their projective cover degree. Various methods of multivariant analysis (CCA and PCA) demonstrated the influence of these еnvironment variables on the spatial distribution of concrete species and their preferences of certain habitats.
E. Yu. PARDAYEVA1,2, O. S. MASHKINA2, V. N. POPOV1,2 1All-Russian Research Institute of Forest Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, 394087, Voronezh, Lomonosova street 2Voronezh State University, 394006, Voronezh, University sq., 1
Keywords: Pinus sylvestris L, климат, засуха, митоз, Воронежская область, Pinus sylvestris L, climate, drought, mitosis, Voronezh Oblast
A cytogenetic analysis of the seed progeny of Pinus sylvestris L. trees growing in the Voronezh Oblast during differing weather conditions (optimal and drought) was performed. It was established that in the years of drought frequency of mitosis pathologies level increased, but did not go beyond the norm. The spectrum of pathologies in these years is expanded, but should be assumed that some of them may contribute to the reallocation of genetic material between chromosomes, that in turn would expand the range of reaction norm of the organism, thereby improving its ability to adapt to changing environmental conditions.
A. S. ZAITSEV1,2, K. B. GONGALSKY1, D. I. KOROBUSHKIN1, K. O. BUTENKO1,3, I. A. GORSHKOVA1, A. A. RAKHLEEVA3, R. A. SAIFUTDINOV1,4, N. V. KOSTINA3, S. V. SHAKHAB1, T. E. YAZRIKOVA1,3 1A. N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, RAS, 119071, Moscow, Leninskij ave., 33 2Institute of Animal Ecology, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26, 35392 Giessen 3M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Leninskie Gory, 1 4Kazan Federal University, 420008, Kazan, Kremlevskaya str., 18
Keywords: функционирование экосистем, запас углерода, почвенная фауна, почвенные бактерии, детрит, пожары, ecosystem functioning, C-stock, soil fauna, soil bacteria, detrits, wildfire
Functionality of soil food webs after forest fires remains generally unexplored. We address this question by studying both burnt and unburnt spruce forests in Central European Russia (Tver Region). In August 2014 we sampled two spatially distant blocks consisting of forest areas burnt in 2010 and the respective unburnt controls. We analyzed biomass and structure of soil food webs as well as carbon mobilization with respect to carbon stocks in the dead wood, litter and soil after burning. The biomass of soil fauna was moderately reduced in the burnt plots. For some groups like testate amoebae and enchytraeids, however, this decrease was highly significant and corresponded with the decreased C-stock in litter. For the other taxa changes in biomass were insignificant. At the same time C-flow through the soil food web after fire was strongly reduced mainly due to the reduction of biomass of active fungi and secondary decomposers. The overall consumption rate of detritus by the soil food web strongly decreased in the burnt forests and was maintained predominantly by the decomposition activity of bacteria instead of fungi. This resulted in the reduction of the total soil food web functionality related with C-mobilization in the forests four years after a fire event.
B. A. DUISEMBECOV1, I. M. DUBOVSKIY2, V. V. GLUPOV2 1Zh. Zhieembaev Kazakh Research Institute for Plant Protection and Quarantine, 050070, Almaty, Kazybek bi str., 1 2Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, SB RAS, 630091, Novosibirsk, Frunse str., 11
Keywords: экстракты, олений мох, колорадский жук, резистентность, Metarhizium, усниновая кислота, непарный шелкопряд, вощинная огневка, extracts, reindeer lichen, Colorado potato beetle, resistance, Metarhizium, usnic acid, gypsy moth, wax moth
The effect of plant extracts on susceptibility of several insect’ species to enthomopathogenic microorganisms has been studied. We found that greater wax moth Galleria mellonella weight decreased by 30-50 % under polar and nonpolar extracts of ledum and reindeer lichen treatments. Сrude extract of hemlock enhanced growth rate of larvae by 30 %. Treatment with extract of reindeer lichen led to synergy with virus in gypsy moth Lymantria dispar mortality and with fungal infection in wax moth mortality. It has been established that the main components of the extract are perlatolikovy acid, usnic acid, and also the third component of unknown chemical group. Usnic acid is the main promising additive component to entomopathogenic microorganisms. Treatment by usnic acid led to increase of both colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata and greater wax moth larvae mortality after infection with entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium robertsii and Beauveria bassianа. The maximum effect was shown only with whole extract because of summation of action of each of extract components, or for the reason that components could change the properties in presence of other components of the whole extract.
Foothill plains along the northwest periphery of the Altai-Sayan mountain area are the northern limit of stony substrates in the West Siberia longitudinal sector. Rock outcrops in this area are rare; their yardage usually does not exceed a few tens of square meters. Despite negligible areas, the rocky outcrops keep nearly half of the foothill moss flora. Twenty six from recorded on rock outcrops of the foothill plaints moss species (22 %) are rare both in West Siberia and in neighboring south mountains. An annotated list of species is given. The features of the species distribution in the longitudinal sector of West Siberia are discussed.
M. G. OPEKUNOVA, A. Yu. OPEKUNOV, E. E. PAPYAN, V. V. SOMOV
St. Petersburg State University, 199178, St. Petersburg, V. O. 10-th Line, 33/35
Keywords: растения, горно-рудное производство, окружающая среда, тяжелые металлы, загрязнение, биоиндикация, plants, mining industry, environment, heavy metals, pollution, bioindication
Changes of vegetation properties (biogeochemical, morphological, floristic, phytocenotic) around Sibay chalcopyrite deposits were studied. Areas at different distances from mining facilities were investigated. Heavy metal (HM) content was measured in geographical components: soils, waters, bottom sediments, above-ground vegetation and several plant species ( Artemisia austriaca Salvia stepposa , Thymus marschallianus , Veronica incanа , Caraganа frutex , Phlomis tuberosa , Achilea setacea , Galium verum , Phragmites australis . Groups (pleiads) of species based on interspecific contingency coefficient were identified. The clusters represented ecological conditions and level of anthropogenic stress. The set of features for evaluation of transformation of natural territorial complexes by means of phytoindication was proposed.
Dynamics
of a disperse phase in a swirling two-phase flow behind a sudden tube expansion
is simulated with the aid of Eulerian and full Lagrangian descriptions. The
carrier phase is described by three-dimensional Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes
equations with consideration of inverse influence of particles on the transport
processes in gas. The velocity profiles calculated using these two
approaches are practically the same. It is shown that the main difference
between the Eulerian and Lagrangian approaches is presented by the
concentration profile of the dispersed phase. The Eulerian approach
underpredicts the value of particle concentration as compared with the
Lagrangian approach (the difference reaches 15-20 %).
The dispersed phase concentration predicted by the Lagrangian approach agrees
with the measurement data somewhat better than the data obtained through the
Eulerian approach.
The
Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) technique and laser Doppler anemometer (LDA)
were used to measure the components of tangential and axial velocities of
gas and particles in a vortex chamber with a fluidized bed, particle layer
dynamics was estimated qualitatively, and the flow in the vortex chamber with a
centrifugal fluidized bed of solid particles was simulated numerically. It is
shown that with the growth of gas velocity in the swirler slots, the rotation
velocity of bed grows almost linearly, and with an increasing bed mass, the
rotation velocity decreases. Data on distributions of the volume fraction of
particles and gas flow velocity inside the bed were obtained by numerical
calculation.
Using planar optical methods based on laser-induced fluorescence and
particle image velocimetry instantaneous velocity fields and passive tracer
concentration are measured simultaneously in a model of GT-combustor at
realistic flow rates. Spatial distributions of velocity pulsations and passive
tracer concentration pulsations are measured at air flow rate about 0.4 kg/s.
Correlations of velocity and concentration pulsations are measured. The most
intense turbulent mass flux in the region of swirling flow mixing layer was
observed. The contribution of advective and turbulent components in the
transfer of a passive tracer in the axial direction was estimated.
The numerical simulation of
the laminar viscous flow past a cylinder performing rotary oscillations around
its axis is carried out. The Navier–Stokes equations are solved by finite
volume method using the program package OpenFOAM. The values of the amplitude
and frequency of forced oscillations are found, at which the maximum reduction of the drag coefficient of the
cylinder is achieved.
The plane nonlinear
initial boundary value problem about the separated flow past a plate set in
motion at a constant velocity from the state of rest has been considered.
Results of a numerical experiment which have allowed us to trace in detail the
vortex-wake formation process behind a vertical plate are reported. It is shown
that, after the beginning of the plate
motion, several stable vortical structures, including a Karman street, form in
succession behind the plate. It is found that, on the emergence of
the Karman street, there occurs a sharp and substantial growth of vortex-wake
intensity and hydrodynamic drag force with a pulsating time behavior. A
conclusion about the origination, in this regime, of self-sustained oscillations
of the liquid in the vicinity of the plate is drawn.
The work presents the
results of an analysis of starting conditions for some frontal axisymmetric
inlets of internal compression tested at
freestream Mach numbers М = 3-8.4 in the hot-shot wind tunnels based at Khristianovich Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics (ITAM). The results of these inlets test are
compared with the data of numerical computations of inviscid, laminar,
and turbulent flows carried out by the pseudo-unsteady method. There were
determined the inlet throat areas limiting either with regard to the inlet
starting or with regard to providing the maximally possible degree of
geometric compression of the inlet-captured supersonic airstream at its
deceleration in the already started inlet. Reshaping of computed flow
patterns in the inlets depending on the variation of the mini-mal cross section
of the inlet internal duct is analyzed.
A criterion was
elaborated for the phenomenon of dry spot evolution in isothermal liquid films
on a horizontal substrate. The formulas are presented for gravity force and
surface tension acting upon an element of the rim around the dry spot. The
forces balance gives the evolution of initial dry spot: to expand or to
contract.
Within the framework of
approximate physical and mathematical model, we considered the stationary
problem of propagation of evaporation front in superheated liquid along the
flat heater. The analytical dependence of the vapor layer thickness on the
coordinate and physical parameters has been obtained. The solution is presented
in invariant dimensionless form. Satisfactory agreement between theoretical
results and new experimental data is shown.
The method has been developed to calculate infrared radiation of vibrational nonequilibrium gas based on k-distribution. A comparison
of the data on the calculated nonequilibrium radiation with results of other
authors and with experimental data has shown satisfactory agreement. It is
shown that the results of calculation of radiation intensity using
nonequilibrium and equilibrium methods significantly differ from each other.
The discrepancy increases with increasing height (decreasing pressure) and can
exceed an order of magnitude.
The
results of the numerical and experimental investigations of the evolution of
the disturbances in a hypersonic shock layer on a flat plate streamlined by a
flow of the mixture of vibrationally excited gases are presented.
The experimental study was conducted in the hot-shot high-enthalpy wind
tunnel IT-302 of the ITAM SB RAS. The numerical simulation was carried out
with the aid of the ANSYS Fluent package using the solution of the unsteady
two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations with the incorporation of the
user-created modules and enabling the con-sideration of the vibrational
non-equilibrium of the carbon dioxide molecules within the framework of the
model of the two-temperature aerodynamics. It was obtained that an
increase in the carbon dioxide concentration in the mixture with air leads to a
reduction of the intensity of pressure disturbances on the surface. The
efficiency (up to 20 %) of the method of sound absorbing coatings in
the vibrationally excited flows of the mixture of the carbon dioxide and air
has been shown.
Results of a
numerical study of performance characteristics of supersonic ejectors with
nozzles of different types are reported. The work was carried out with the aim
of developing a high-performance ejector for pressure recovery systems of
supersonic chemical lasers. A specific feature of the operation of ejectors in
pressure recovery systems consists in that, in this case, the ejecting and
ejected gases, as they undergo mixing, have different thermodynamic
properties, and the ejection coefficient depends on the ratio between the
temperatures of the gases and on the ratio of their molecular masses. Since the
operation of an ejector is based on the mixing process, the task consisted in
intensification of this process using nozzles of special geometries. The
performance of ejectors was judged considering an integral parameter, the product of induction by compression ratio. The
calculations of the 3D viscous gas flow in the ejector channel were
performed using ANSYS software. In verifying the numerical model, a comparison
with experimental data obtained earlier on a model ejector facility and during
tests of real pressure recovery systems in operation with supersonic chemical
lasers was performed.
A class of flowing
medium gas lasers with low generator pressures employ supersonic flows with low
cavity pressure and are primarily categorized as high throughput systems
capable of being scaled up to MW class. These include; Chemical Oxygen Iodine
Laser (COIL) and Hydrogen (Deuterium) Fluoride (HF/DF). The practicability of
such laser systems for various applications is enhanced by exhausting the effluents
directly to ambient atmosphere. Consequently, ejector based pressure recovery
forms a potent configuration for open cycle operation. Conventionally these gas
laser systems require at least two ejector stages with low pressure stage being
more critical, since it directly entrains the laser media, and the ensuing
perturbation of cavity flow, if any, may affect laser operation. Hence,
the choice of plausible motive gas injection schemes viz., peripheral or
central is a fluid dynamic issue of interest, and a parametric
experimental performance comparison would be beneficial. Thus, the focus is to
experimentally characterize the effect of variation in motive gas supply pressure,
entrainment ratio, back pressure conditions, nozzle injection position operated
together with a COIL device and discern the reasons for the behavior.
Results of
experimental studies on production of nanostructured silicon carbide powders in
a plasma-chemical reactor based on a two-jet plasmatorch are presented. The
conditions of SiC formation as a function of temperature and composition of the
initial components are determined by thermodynamic calculations. Possibility of
silicon carbide synthesis with the size of particles of 5-20 nm is shown experimentally.
The flow field passing through a highly loaded low pressure (LP) turbine cascade is numerically investigated at design and off-design conditions. The Field Operation And Manipulation (OpenFOAM) platform is used as the computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) tool. In this regard, the influences of grid resolution on the results of k-ε, k-ω, and large-eddy simulation (LES) turbulence models are investigated and compared with those of experimental measurements. A numerical pressure undershoot is appeared near the end of blade pressure surface which is sensitive to grid resolution and flow turbulence modeling. The LES model is able to resolve separation on both coarse and fine grid resolutions. In addition, the off-design flow condition is modeled by negative and positive inflow incidence angles. The numerical experiments show that a separation bubble generated on blade pressure side is predicted by LES. The total pressure drop has also been calculated at incidence angles between -20° and +8°. The minimum total pressure drop is obtained by k-ω and LES at design point.
Keywords: comprehensive optimization, GT and CCPP cycles, gas turbine flowpath, water injection into air compressor, economy and power efficiency
Pages: 483– 491
The objects of study are
the gas turbine (GT) plant and combined cycle power plant (CCPP) with
opportunity for injection between the stages of air compressor. The objective
of this paper is technical and economy optimization calculations for these
classes of plants with water interstage injection. The integrated development
environment “System of machine building program” was a tool for creating the
mathematic models for these classes of power plants. Optimization calculations
with the criterion of minimum for specific capital investment as a function of
the unit efficiency have been carried out. For a gas-turbine plant, the
economic gain from water injection exists for entire range of power efficiency.
For the combined cycle plant, the economic benefit was observed only for a certain
range of plant’s power efficiency.
On May 6, 2017 Eduard P. Volchkov, the prominent scientist worked in the area of thermophysics, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, and Full Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences would have celebrated his 80th anniversary.
Eduard P. Volchkov died on February 8, 2013.
Time passed since then allowed for a more clear evaluation of his significant
contribution in the development of thermophysics in our country. We remember
and honor the prominent scientist and the remarkable person.
June 7, 2017 is the 80th
anniversary of a prominent researcher in the field of materials science, Doctor
of Technical Sciences, Professor Galina M. Zharkova.
T. A. IVANOVA, I. G. ZIMBOVSKY, E. V. KOPORULINA
Institute of Integrated Mineral Development-IPKON, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kryukovskii tupik 4, Moscow, 111020 Russia
Keywords: ионы золота, тонкодисперсное золото, доизвлечение, флотация, флотореагент-модификатор, растительный экстракт, биосорбент, борщевик, фурокумарины, gold ions, finely dispersed gold, additional recovery, flotation, flotation agent-modifier, vegetable extract, biosorbent, cow-parsnip, furocoumarines
The authors consider variants of multipurpose use of plant materials-ground green mass of Sosnovsky cow-parsnip. Simultaneous production of aqueous extract possessing depression properties and after-extraction solid residue being a sorbent for ions of gold and finely dispersed gold-bearing particles is one of the ways toward the reduction in cost and environmental impacts of flotation of gold-containing products. The SEM and UV spectrophotomery shows sorption activity of solid residue of cow-parsnip relative to Au3+ ions. It is demonstrated that the studied vegetable sorbent is applicable to additional recovery of finely dispersed gold from flotation pulp. The introduction of cow-parsnip instead of xanthogen in treatment of tailings has enhanced efficiency of fine gold recovery.
a:2:{s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"TEXT";s:4:"TEXT";s:51:"S. A. KONDRAT’EV, V. I. ROSTOVTSEV, I. I. BAKSHEEVA";}
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnyi pr. 54, Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
Keywords: техногенное минеральное сырье, оловянные продукты, обработка ускоренными электронами, сухая магнитная сепарация, industrial mineral waste, tin products, accelerated electron treatment, dry magnetic separation
The experimental test data on magnetic properties of iron-bearing mineral waste materials under radiation-thermal treatment are presented. It is found that the volume magnetic susceptibility of pyrite- and arsenopyrite-containing waste has increased by 5 times on the average. The authors demonstrate that radiation-thermal magnetization and magnetic separation allows production of KOS-3 grade tin concentrate meeting fuming process requirements from waste of Novosibirsk Tin Works.
E. V. BOGATYREVA, A. G. ERMILOV
National University of Science and Technology-MISIS, Leninskii pr. 4, Moscow, 119049 Russia
Keywords: вольфрам, вольфрамитовый концентрат, предварительная механоактивация, щелочное выщелачивание, рентгеноструктурный анализ, энергосбережение, wolfram, wolframite concentrate, preliminary mechanical activation, alkali leaching, X-ray structure analysis, energy saving
The article shows predictability of change in energy content and reactive capacity of standard wolframite concentrate after mechanical activation based on the data of X-ray structure analysis during later-on low-temperature (under 100 °С) alkali leaching. It is confirmed that the quantity of energy accumulated during mechanical activation as surface energy and microstrains influences efficiency of the later-on leaching. The authors derive a relation to calculate wolframite leaching recovery depending on structural change energy, initial coarseness and leaching regimes. The method of preliminary mechanical activation of wolframite and the process efficiency criteria offer conditions for energy-saving wolframite concentrate processing directly at mining and processing plants.
SH. BOBOZODA1, I. R. BOBOEV2, L. S. STRIZHKO2 1Ministry of Industry and New Technologies, pr. Rudaki 22, Dushanbe, 734012 Republic of Tajikistan 2National University of Science and Technology-MISIS, Leninskii pr. 4, Moscow 119049 Russia
Keywords: золото, медь, мышьяк, упорные флотоконцентраты, автоклавное окисление, щелочная обработка при атмосферном давлении, цианирование, извлечение, gold, copper, arsenic, rebellious flotation concentrates, autoclave oxidation, alkali treatment under atmospheric pressure, cyanidation, recovery
The authors present the data of the substance analysis of gold-copper-arsenic flotation concentrate. Gold and copper recovery by autoclave leaching of the concentrate has been studied. It is found that maximum gold and copper recovery under optimum conditions reaches 96 and 92%, respectively. The profitability of the proposed process flowsheet is proved by the technical-and-economical calculations.
S. I. EVDOKIMOV1, V. S. EVDOKIMOV2 1North-Caucasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, ul. Nikolaeva 44, Vladikavkaz, 362021 Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, Russia 2GEOS Research and Production, ul. Levanevskogo, Vladikavkaz, 362035 Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, Russia
Keywords: россыпное золото, золотосодержащая руда, совместная переработка, гравитационно-флотационная технология, оценка экономической эффективности, placer gold, gold ore, joint processing, gravity concentration-and-flotation technology, economic efficiency evaluation
The authors present the gravity concentration-and-flotation technology for joint processing of gold ore and placer gold mining waste ensuring high gold recovery. The research is carried out using samples of ore from a primary gold deposit under mining and from waste of gold placer mining in the Yano-Kolyma gold province in the Russian Federation. The feature of the technology is the use of bullion gold in the gold flotation circuit. Bullion gold is recovered from gold placer mining waste by gravity concentration. The ore and waste processing by gravity concentration and flotation is based on the stream flow of feed material and rough concentrate. The second flotation stream circuit uses the technology of aerosol column flotation. The efficiency of investment to joint processing of gold ore and placer gold mine waste is evaluated.
The application of integrated monitoring of ground subsidence, including geotechnical calculations of rock mass movements, leveling and satellite radar interferometry, is considered in terms of Karaganda Coal Basin. The satellite radar interferometry data show reliable measurement of ground subsidence as a consequence of underground mining.
S. P. BAKHAEVA, T. V. MIKHAILOVA
Gorbachev Kuzbass State Technical University, ul. Vesennyaya 28, Kemerovo, 650026 Russia
Keywords: мониторинг безопасности, критерий безопасности, грунтовая дамба, коэффициент устойчивости, напряженно-деформированное состояние, маркшейдерский контроль, средняя квадратическая погрешность, stress-and-strain state, surveying control, root-mean-square error
Subsection: MONITORING SYSTEMS IN MINING
The authors propose the approach to validation of the surveying control accuracy in safety monitoring of earth dams in terms of liquid waste receivers at mines. Based on the system structuring of types of earth dams and their elements, estimation of influence of loads and effects exerted to these structures, as well as the analysis of accident risks using the Hazard and Serviceability Analysis, an ideal sign model of earth dam safety monitoring has been constructed and the scope of field observation has been specified to record hazardous off-sets and prevent hydrodynamic accidents. By modeling an ideal earth dam, the authors determine the dam stress-strain state criteria. From the condition of non-admittance of limit equilibrium disturbance of the earthen structure, the requirements on the accuracy of horizontal and vertical surveying control over structural elements of dams are set.
V. V. NABATOV
National University of Science and Technology-MISIS, Leninskii pr. 4, Moscow, 119049 Russia
Keywords: нарушенные и водонасыщенные зоны, массив пород, георадары, резистивно-нагруженные антенны, атрибут, распознавание, информационная энтропия, damaged and water-saturated areas, rock mass, radars, resistive-loaded antennas, attribute, identification, information entropy
The procedure of revealing water-saturated areas near underground openings by the data of radars with resistive-loaded antennas is developed. The key identifying parameter (attribute) of the procedure is the information entropy showing specific character of function of distribution of radar trace amplitudes. It becomes possible to distinguish anomalies in the profiles using the attribute after amplitude equalization. The procedure of processing of traces is described and exemplified, and the reasons of the entropy parameter efficiency are explained. For the comparison, the author considers alternative identifying parameters that appear less efficient as against the entropy attribute either for their weak capability to reveal anomalous sections in profiles or for the low interference immunity.
The article analyzes the category of being in the philosophical and natural-scientific aspects. We bring to light the heuristic function of the category in physical-biological and cognitive sciences. Taking into account modern scientists’ opinions, we offer and prove the hypothesis concerning information programs of the evolution of the matter, live systems and mental-cognitive structures. Also, the article presents the generalization of characteristics of being as a unified information reality of the universe and culture.
Vitaliy Valentinovich Tselishchev1,2, Aleksandr Vlaimirovich Bessonov2 1Novosibirsk National Research State University, 2, Pirogov st., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia 2Institute of Philosophy and Law, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 8, Nikolaev st., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia, e-mail: leitval@gmail.com
Keywords: теорема Гудстейна, геделево предложение, тезис Исааксона, формальная арифметика, Goodstein's theorem, Gödelian sentence, Isaacson's thesis, formal arithmetic
The paper considers the question of the degree to which Goodstein's theorem may be considered to be an analogue of a true, but not provable Gödelian sentence. It is shown that such an interpretation leads to Isaacson's thesis, according to which the demonstration of the truth of real mathematical analogues of the Gödelian sentence in the formal language of arithmetic uses conceptual resources that go beyond the resources required to understand the basic arithmetic of finite natural numbers. The plausibility of the thesis is disputed from the point of view of the incomprehensibility of the arithmetic content of the Gödelian sentence.
