The first experimental data on the relationship between the carbon dioxide content in minerals of the lazurite-type minerals (LTM) and its partial pressure in the gas phase and temperature in the range corresponding to the lazurite formation process at deposits in the Southern Baikal region have been obtained. The content of structural CO2 species was determined by IR- Fourier spectroscopy. It depends more on temperature than on the partial pressure of CO2
and is maximum for cubic lazurites at 500 °C (0.05-0.07 formula units, f.u.), decreasing to 0.01-0.03 f.u. both when the temperature decreases (460 °C) and when it increases (560 °C). A positive dependence of CO2 content on O2 fugacity in the system has been noted. LTM with an orthorhombic structure (vladimirivanovite) retains CO2 less effectively, with its content decreasing from the initial (natural) 0.08 to 0.01-0.02 f.u. in the specified temperature range of 460-560 °C. The experiments with exposure at 560
oC and subsequent cooling to 460 or 360 oC show the lack of retrograde CO2 solubility in LTM under saturation from gas phase. According to data on CO2 content, cubic lazurites with incommensurate 3D modulation of the structure could have formed at a temperature of about 500 °C, a partial CO2 pressure of ~1.4-2.2 bar, and fO2 at the level of the magnetite-hematite buffer. The high CO2 contents (0.15-0.3 f.u.) recorded in some LTMs may not be related to the direct absorption of CO2 from the gas (fluid) phase, but are the product of relatively low-temperature (<400 °C) transformations of carbon forms, leading to the association of CO2 and molecular forms of sulphur. This temperature range and the fugacity of volatile compounds corresponding to such forms of sulphur should be considered as possible conditions for the synthesis or modification of materials based on sodalite, nosaean and LTMs, which are promising as carbon dioxide absorbers or indicators.
The Mid-Atlantic Ridge within Iceland differs significantly in structure from other ridges. It consists of several modern rift zones with different kinematics and internal structure. At the same time, there are also several inactive rift zones, separated by block uplifts. This structural diversity is caused by the thermal influence of the Icelandic plume, which manifests itself in conditions of asymmetric spreading. To identify the conditions for the development of Icelandic rift zones and the features of their structure in connection with the cyclic plume activity, a physical modeling was used. The resulting model reflects the structure and development of Icelandic rift zones over the last 21.5 million years. It was shown that the kinematics and internal structure of rift zones are a consequence of the development of multi-scale overlaps of spreading centers. Between them, block uplifts arise, which in the modern topography are expressed as elevated peninsulas, mainly in the northern part of the island. The sizes of block uplifts depend on the distance between overlapping spreading axes. As the distance decreases, large uplifts are replaced by a series of small en-echelon blocks. The formation of this structural ensemble is the result of periodic increase in plume activity and its eastward displacement relative to the boundary of the lithospheric plates, which is caused by spreading asymmetry. There are two cycles of plume activity with different durations. The period of 7–8 million years reflects the complete cycle of formation and development of overlappings, and the period of 2–3 million years determines the evolution of the rift zone structure within the entire structural ensemble.
D.A. Nosov1, D.K. Dronov2, Y.G. Turbin2, I.S. Sizikov1. 1Institute of Automation and Electrometry of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, postal Novosibirsk, Russia
2Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute, St:Petersburg, Russia
The article presents the first experimental work with the GABL-PM absolute ballistic laser gravimeter on the pier, in ports and on board the ice-resistant platform (LSP) in the expedition "North Pole-42" (SP-42). During the tests, the parametric adjustment of the gravimeter was carried out in order to adapt the device for its operation on the LSP without using a gyrostabilized platform. The results of the GABL-PM measurements at the berth in St. Petersburg are shown, which are required as a reference for testing the gravimeter on the ship, as well as for linking variations in gravity acceleration measured on board the LSP with the Chekan-AM relative gravimeter to absolute values. The estimation of the RMS error of the GAB-PM measurement on board the LSP at various pitching parameters in the ports of St. Petersburg and Murmansk, as well as in the early days of the start of the drift of the North Pole-42 expedition, is given. Based on the measurement results, it was concluded that a gravimeter without a gyrostabilized platform with reduced accuracy values, on average up to 0.60 mGal, can be used to carry out measurements after freezing the vessel and when following all the points of a specially developed instruction.
1Institute of the Earth's Crust, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russia
Keywords: the Cenozoic, volcanism, Baikal Rift, Biryusa block, Siberian craton, pyroxenite mantle source
Based on an analysis of the hypsometric positions of lavas of different ages in the Iya-Uda volcanic field (~8 and ~4 Ma), it has been established that the main phase of intense relief dissection and activation of block movements along the Main Sayan Fault within the Biryusa block occurred in the late Miocene. Geochemical characteristics of the lavas, such as high values of the FCKANTMS parameter (0.46–0.77) [Yang et al., 2019] and the positions of figurative points on the CaO–MgO and TiO₂/Al₂O₃–SiO₂ diagrams, indicate melting of a garnet-pyroxenite mantle source rather than a typical peridotite mantle. The trace element composition of the rocks is consistent with intraplate basalts such as OIB. Variations in the Th/Nb and TiO₂/Yb ratios indicate that for lavas aged 4 Ma, the role of garnet in the melting zone increases, while for magmas aged 8 Ma, the contribution of the lithospheric mantle becomes more significant. The genesis of the enriched pyroxenite component in the lithosphere of the Biryusa block is most likely related to tectonic convergence processes during Late Cenozoic rifting, which led to a change in the volume of the crust and the involvement of lower crustal material into the mantle of the Siberian Craton. Thus, volcanism in the Iya-Uda volcanic field is the result of melting of heterogeneous and enriched lithospheric mantle.
D. O. Glushkov, K. K. Paushkina
Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia
Keywords: waste oil, coal-water slurry, droplet, syngas, high-temperature air, combustion
An experimental study of the ignition and combustion processes of composite liquid fuel (CLF) droplets based on coal cleaning waste in a high-temperature oxidizer environment at 700 ÷ 900 °C was performed. The effect of adding waste motor oil as a component of the CLF and as a feedstock for generating syngas, which was fed to the CLF combustion zone, was investigated. The feasibility of co-combustion of CLF with syngas was experimentally confirmed. The gas-phase ignition delay of CLF droplets with the addition of syngas to the combustion zone is 1.1 ÷ 1.2 times shorter compared to CLF combustion without the addition of syngas. Under these conditions, the heterogeneous ignition delay is 1.3 ÷ 1.7 times shorter, and the fuel burnout duration is 1.2 ÷ 1.5 times shorter. The use of waste oil as a component of composite fuel is characterized by a significant improvement in energy performance, which, combined with the increased combustion temperature, makes this strategy the most attractive for practical implementation.
V. A. Kuznetsov, D. M. Bozheeva, A. V. Minakov
Siberian State University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
Keywords: induction period, autoignition, coal-water slurry (CWS), laboratory rig, oxy-drip combustion
The development of advanced technologies, such as oxy-drip-torch combustion, will solve a number of problems and improve the environmental situation associated with the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels (including waste) at power plants. In this study, experiments were conducted on a laboratory rig to study the autoignition of droplets of coal-water slurry in a tubular reactor. The dependence of the ignition induction period on the oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations under adiabatic conditions was investigated. It was shown that increasing the O2 concentration by 1% (volume) reduces the ignition time by 5.14% under the experimental parameters considered. It was found that increasing the CO2 concentration in the flow at the same oxygen concentration does not significantly affect the ignition time under these conditions.
A. V. Fedorychev, Yu. M. Milekhin, A. A. Abramov
Soyuz Federal Center of Dual Technologies, Dzerzhinskii, Russia
Keywords: gas generator, model solid propellant, combustion products, thermodynamic characteristics, gas constant, adiabatic index
Tests of model solid propellants based on aluminum dodecaboride AlB12 revealed significant discrepancies between the experimental values of the exhaust coefficient and the temperature of the primary combustion products in the model gas generator chamber compared to their values calculated from thermodynamic equilibrium conditions. A computational and experimental method for determining the thermodynamic characteristics of the primary combustion products for model boron-containing propellants characterized by a low content of oxidizing elements (α < 0.2) is proposed. The method involves experimentally determining the combustion product temperature and exhaust coefficient, followed by calculating the gas constant and adiabatic index of the combustion products. The ranges of possible values of the thermodynamic characteristics and their pressure dependences are determined.
B. P. Aduev, G. M. Belokurov, I. Yu. Liskov, D. R. Nurmukhametov
Federal Research Center of Coal and Coal Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kemerovo, Russia
Keywords: solid fuel, coal, alternative fuels, laser, laser ignition, fluidized bed
The ignition of pine sawdust (d < 200 μm) and mixed compositions of brown coal particles (d < 3 mm) and pine sawdust in a fluidized bed was studied using localized radiation from a continuous-wave semiconductor laser (λ = 450 nm) with a power of ≤23 W with an exposure time sufficient for ignition and flame propagation over the fuel surface until self-sustaining combustion was established. The dependences of the time to establish self-sustaining combustion and the mass of sawdust burnt out in 60 s at a fixed radiation power on the air flow rate through the fluidized bed were determined, as well as the dependence of the time to establish self-sustaining combustion of sawdust on the radiation power at a fixed air flow rate and the dependence of the time to establish self-sustaining combustion of a sawdust and coal mixture on the mass content of coal in the mixture of 30 ÷ 80% at a fixed radiation power of 23 W. Optimal conditions for establishing self-sustaining combustion of solid fuel in a fluidized bed under laser radiation exposure were determined.
V. G. Shevchenko1, D. A. Eselevich1, V. N. Krasilnikov1, A. V. Konyukova1, Z. S. Vinokurov2 1Institute of Solid State Chemistry, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russia 2Shared Use Center «Siberian Circular Photon Source "SKlF"» Boreskov Institute of Catalysis of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Koltsovo, Russia
Keywords: boron powders, surface modification, vanadium pentoxide, oxidation, reactivity, phase analysis, synchrotron radiation
The oxidation properties of unmodified boron powders and boron modified with vanadium pentoxide gels were studied using X-ray phase analysis (XPA) using a synchrotron radiation source at a heating rate of 10°C/min in air. It was established that the mechanism underlying the activation of boron oxidation by vanadium pentoxide is the ability of vanadium pentoxide to transfer electrons and deliver oxygen to the boron surface upon dissolution in molten B2O3.
R. M. Gabbasov1, V. D. Kitler1, V. G. Prokofiev1,2, A. M. Shulpekov1 1Tomsk Scientific Center, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia 2Tomsk State University
Keywords: combustion wave, radiative flux, emissivity, critical conditions
The principles of gasless combustion wave transition through an air gap separating two cylindrical samples of different diameters, prepared from a Ti--Si mixture, are examined. Critical conditions of the transition process are investigated using experimental and computational methods. A mathematical model is proposed, based on which the effective emissivity from the combustion surface is calculated in correlation with experimental data. The emissivity of titanium silicide is estimated.
A. P. Aldushin, P. M. Krishenik, S. A. Rogachev
Merzhanov Institute of Structural Macrokinetics and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Russia
Keywords: combustion wave, critical conditions, SHS, radiant heat loss, combustion failure
Using mathematical modeling methods, we analyzed combustion failure of a cylindrical sample undergoing radiant heat transfer. A method is proposed for estimating critical parameters-the critical diameter, temperature, and velocity at the combustion limit-under conditions of predominantly radiant heat loss, typical of high-temperature SHS systems. The results are compared with similar values for maximum heat loss, cooling the cylinder surface to ambient temperature. The calculation results can be used to estimate the critical cylinder radius and the effective activation energy of the reaction. A method is proposed for estimating the effective activation energy of the heat release rate during gasless combustion of condensed media.
K. S. Kumar1, A. Chakraborty1, S. Srinath2, I. Srikanth1, R. Srinivasan1, M. B. Talawar3 1Advanced Systems Laboratory, DRDO, Hyderabad, India 2Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, India 3High Energy Materials Research Laboratory, DRDO, Pune, India
Keywords: separation system, penetration performance, FLSC, metallic jet, hydrocodes, explicit dynamics, Lagrange solver, Euler solver
Stage separation is a critical event in multi-stage aerospace vehicles, demanding precise, reliable, and debris-free performance. Flexible Linear Shaped Charges (FLSC) have emerged as an effective solution due to their high cutting efficiency, low weight, and ability to conform to structural interfaces. This study presents a comprehensive numerical and experimental investigation into an FLSC-based separation mechanism, with a focus on optimizing cut quality, minimizing debris, and validating simulation results through testing. Three distinct configurations were modelled using hydrocode software: a baseline flat plate setup (Case A) with an 8.4 g/m FLSC, a modified geometry with an R8 notch to guide fracture (Case B), and a reduced-charge configuration with 4.2 g/m FLSC for shock minimization and single plane cutting (Case C). The simulations employed coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian solvers, advanced material models, and embedded gauge points to capture detonation physics, jet formation, and structural response over microsecond timescales. Case B demonstrated significant improvement in debris reduction, while Case C achieved a clean single-plane cut with no debris. The final configuration was realized and tested experimentally using a flat plate test article. The results closely matched simulation predictions, showing precise separation, intact fasteners, and no flying fragments, thus confirming the effectiveness of the hydrocode-optimized design. This work highlights the potential of hydrocode simulations to guide cost-effective, time-efficient, and experimentally validated design of FLSC-based stage separation systems. The insights gained offer practical pathways for the development of next-generation separation mechanisms in space and missile applications, where precision and safety are paramount.
O. A. Mikenina, A. F. Revuzhenko
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: Rock pressure, stress tensor, deviator, limiting state, Mohr-Coulomb criterion
The generalized stress deviator is introduced as a difference between a stress tensor and a unit tensor multiplied by an average normal stress non-reducible to an octahedral normal stress in a general case. From the condition that the average normal stress of the generalized deviator should be identically equal to zero, a functional equation relative to the average normal stress is obtained. The solution of the equation is given; it depends on one of the functions of two variables. The class of the limiting state criteria formulated relative to the average normal stress and the second invariant of the generalized stress deviator is discussed. It is shown that the von Mises-Schleicher and Mohr-Coulomb criteria belong in this class. Some intermediate cases are also discussed.
S. V. Serdyukov, I. M. Serdyuk, L. A. Rybalkin, T. V. Shilova, A. S. Serdyukov
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: coal, cyclic treatment with liquid nitrogen, permeability, ultrasound velocity, jointing, optimization of number of treatment cycles
The article describes the lab-scale tests of permeability of long-flame coal from the Mokhovsky Coal Mine in Kuzbass depending on the intensity of cyclic treatment of coal with liquid nitrogen. The freezing effect on jointing was assessed by a change in the gas flow and in the ultrasound velocity. It is found that permeability of the test coal in compression rises up to commercially significant values. To reach this effect, it is sufficient to implement three-four cycles of treatment with liquid nitrogen. The treatment decreases the ultrasonic P-wave velocity by up to 6%, which points at the increase in the volumetric density of microcracks.
V. M. Seryakov, A. A. Eremenko
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: gornaya shoria, ore deposits, faulting, heading, stresses, fault slope angle, mathematical modeling, roadway-to-fault distance
The accomplished review of the geological and geomechanical conditions at the Tashtagol and Sheregesh deposits shows that the operating mine fields contain small- and medium-amplitude fractures, faults, dikes and ore-rock interfaces. It is revealed that during heading and stoping, geodynamic phenomena arise mostly in the neighborhood of these planes of weakness. The mathematical modeling was used for the stress-strain analysis of rock mass at different slope angles of faults approached by the development headings. It is found that in case of a fault 1 to 3 m wide, the shear of the fault edges along the fault plane at the fault slope angle of 65° can happen when an approaching roadway is at a distance not less than 10 m, at the slope angle of 45°-at a distance not less than 20 m and at the slope angle of 15°-at a distance not less than 40 m. For the faults 5 to 10 m wide, at the fault slope angle of 65°, no shearing takes place, at the slope angle of 45°, shearing can happen when a roadway approaches the fault at a distance not less than 5 m and at the slope angle of 15°-not less than 30 m.
G. P. Starikov, S. V. Shatokhin
Institute of Physics of Mining Processes, Donetsk, Russia
Keywords: rockfalls, diffraction pattern, α-quartz, β-quartz, polymorphous modifications, dehydrating activation energy
The authors revealed the dependence of the dehydrating activation energy parameters in rocks on the phase ratio of β-quartz to α-quartz. In rocks with the predomination of β-quartz (β-quartz / α-quartz > 1), rockfalls are observed and the ratio of the dehydrating activation energies of crystallization water (chemically bound) and adsorbed water (physically bound) is less than 1. This is reflective of the build-up of free and physically bound water which penetrates defects in rocks due to the phase transition of quartz, and leads to an increase in their dehydrating energy.
Yu. A. Petrenko1, A. L. Kas’yanenko2 1Donetsk National Technical University, Donetsk, Russia 2Institute of Physics of Mining Processes, Donetsk, Russia
Keywords: rheology, rock mass, rock strength, estimated resistance, load on mine support, failure criterion, rock pressure
The authors reviewed the known methodical approaches to the determination of strength characteristics of rocks using their testing results. Some shortages of the approaches are revealed, and the common shortage is their empirical nature consisting in reduction of strength of rock mass in proportion to degradation of its quality. The proposed procedure to determine rock mass strength takes into account the rheological alteration of rock mass. The procedure better represents physical processes in mine openings due to rock pressure.
T. V. Shilova
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: soft sandy rock, polymer reinforcement, polyurethane resin, mixing, injection, freeze, thaw, lab-scale investigations, electron microscopy, permeability test, permeability
The article describes the lab test data on the structure and permeability of sand reinforced with elastic polyurethane. The electron microscopy reveals the spatial patterns of hard polyurethane, voids and mineral particles in reinforced sand. The permeability of the test samples is investigated under conditions of uniform triaxial compression. The response of permeability of reinforced rock to freeze-thaw is analyzed depending on moisture content, specific consumption of chemical reagents and reinforcement method. The stability values of the insulating properties of sand are compared for the cases of sand reinforcement by its mixing with polyurethane resin and through creation of a low-permeable inclusion (injection simulation). The advantage of injection over mixing is shown-the consumption of polymer composition is lower and the stability to seasonal temperature fluctuations is higher.
V. E. Asming1, A. Yu. Motorin1, A. A. Streshnev2, A. V. Fedorov1, I. S. Fedorov1 1Kola Branch of Geophysical Service of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Apatity, Russia 2Apatit’s Division in Kirovsk, Kirovsk, Russia
Keywords: detection, empirical diagram, detection probability p, monte-carlo method, seismic stations, network optimization, induced seismicity, seismic monitoring, khibiny massif
The article describes the method to estimate sensitivity of local seismic monitoring networks in two underground mines at the Khibiny Massif: Kirovsk and Rasvumchorr. The method uses empirical data of induced seismicity monitoring. At each monitoring station, based on the behavior of seismic waves and the distance to epicenters of seismic events, detection probability diagrams were plotted for seismic events and different ranges of seismic energies. The diagrams were used for plotting the probability of detection maps for a seismic event and a certain energy range. This approach has a few advantages. First, the input data may be records of production blasts and other sources rather than natural seismic events. Second, the method allows using the averaged probability diagrams for the decision-making on deployment and expansion of monitoring networks in mines. It is shown that monitoring networks ensure reliable recording probability (95%) only for the events with an energy higher than 104 J; however, there is a potential of increasing the sensitivity and reliability of recoding events with an energy of 102 J in case of inclusion of additional monitoring stations.
A. O. Kudrya, M. V. Kurlenya, A. A. Neverov
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: Reserves under open pit bottom, mining system, thickness, ore body, stope, pillar, rubble concrete, rock, backfill, parameters of structural components of mining, stresses, stability, strength, safety
The article studies a mining system with stoping under open pit bodies at steeply dipping ore bodies of small and medium thickness using rubble concrete and dirt fill as ground control. The technology assumes upward mining on the levels at the total downward sequence of stoping. The limit variant of stoping in various geomechanical conditions is studied for a geotechnical situation of mining on three levels including two mined-out levels. The mining system parameters are substantiated using 3D FWEM-based mathematical stress-strain modeling. The dependence is revealed between the geotechnology parameters and the stress behavior, and between the stability of rocks in the structural components of mining and in adjacent rock mass. The areas of possible rock fracture are identified. The safety of the mining system is governed by the integrity of rubble concrete pillars and by the stability of the crown pillar.
S. A. Kizilov1, M. S. Nikitenko1, A. Yu. Ignatova2 1Federal Research Center for Coal and Coal Chemistry, Kemerovo, Russia 2Gorbachev Kuzbass State Technical University, Kemerovo, Russia
Keywords: Powered roof support, support unit, swinging feeder, longwall top coal caving, machine vision, gamma radiation, dirt, rock mass analysis, automated control system
The authors present the results of development of a powered roof support control system included in the machine group of top coal caving to a longwall conveyor. The methods of measurement of the conveyor loading by a swinging feeder, recording of changes in the quantity of dirt in total rock mass, as well as the integration of the newly developed system in the powered roof support control are described. For determining loading of the longwall conveyor by the swinging feeder, it is proposed to use the algorithms and methods of machine vision, added with a camera of projection of light marker net on the rock mass surface. The method of detection of variation in composition of rock flow is proposed to be implemented through automated measurement of gamma radiation in rock flow and comparison of the measurement with the control value. The concept of a versatile adapter is developed, and the control system architecture and automated operation algorithm are presented for the longwall top coal caving technology.
O. A. Guzeev, A. A. Podrukhin
Institute of Physics of Mining Processes, Donetsk, Russia
Keywords: Coal dump, self-heating, geodynamically active zone, methane, air, selection criteria, heat utilization
Some criteria are justified for selecting coal waste dumps suitable for heat recovery as a case-study of solid mine waste accumulated in the Donbas. These criteria involve geodynamics-position of a dump relative to the boundaries of an active geodynamic zone, as well as air dynamics-gas permeability of rocks in this zone and methane concentration in air entering the dump. It is shown that young and medium-age dumps situated within the boundaries of closed unflooded mines can contain mixture of air and gas with an explosive concentration of methane. The model of changing the role of mine methane in generation of the heat field in a self-heating dump is described. The model uses the idea that methane can both reduce the oxidation rate in coal waste and intensify their combustion efficiency. It is proposed to undertake geodynamic and gas dynamic ranking of coal dumps to determine their suitability as heat generators. The justified criteria can be used to develop a heat recovery technology for coal dumps.
V. A. Chanturia, V. V. Morozov, G. P. Dvoichenkova, E. L. Chanturia, A. V. Ivanov
Academician Melnikov Institute of Comprehensive Exploitation of Mineral Resources-IPKON, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
Keywords: Diamonds, kimberlite, kinetic stability, emuslions of luminophore-bearing modifiers, reagents-regulators of luminiscence, X-ray luminiscence separation, selectivity
The authors discuss the influence exerted by reagents-regulators on selective modification of spectral-kinetic characteristics of unrecoverable diamonds with anomalous luminosity to ensure their complete and selective recovery in X-ray luminescence separation. The parameters of kinetic stability are determined in emulsions of luminophore-bearing modifiers, and the reagents-regulators that cause no worsening of attachment of the modifiers at the surface of diamonds are found. It is shown that reagents-regulators of different classes (derivatives of alkyl/aryl phosphonates, aliphatic alcohols, bifunctionally modified derivatives of carboxymethyl cellulose, ionic and non-ionic nitrogen-bearing polymers, short-chain aliphatic amines, complex reagents) substantially decrease attachment of luminophores at the surface of hydrophobic minerals of kimberlite and prevent thereby their recovery to separation concentrate. The influence of reagents-regulators on the spectral-kinetic characteristics of the applied luminophore-bearing modifiers and treated diamonds is determined. The reagents-regulators suitable for the use in the modification technology without subsequent unwanted correction of spectral characteristics of diamonds are selected.
S. A. Kondrat’ev
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: Flotation, collector, composition of collectors, chemisorption and physisorption, hydrolysis, dissociation, flotation activation, synergetic effect
Flotation involves two forms of sorption using both a collector or a composition of collectors. Effect of the two forms of sorption of a collector can be assumed as a synergy of two reagents-collectors. In this case, flotation runs under conditions of hydrolysis of the reagent or its dissociation. Selection of a reagent mode means creation of condition for the two forms of sorption on a mineral surface. Activation of flotation by cations of metals, catalytic oxidation of xanthate form a sorption layer represented by the chemically or physically adsorbed reagents or by their derivatives. Each form of sorption plays a part in particle-bubble attachment. The first form of sorption aims at enhancement of hydrophobic properties of a mineral to be recovered, and the second form removes the kinetic constraint in the particle-bubble attachment. The strategy of selecting combinations of collectors to reach their synergetic effect in flotation is developed and proposed. Each collector performs its function in the particle-bubble attachment. Enhancement of hydrophobic properties of a mineral, or increase in the density of adsorption of a reagent at its surface results from the fulfilled condition of either chemisorption or physisorption of a reagent or a composition of reagents. It is shown that the properties of the second form of sorption are determined from the mechanism of work of a physically adsorbed collector.
A. G. Mikhailov1,2, Yu. L. Gurevich3, N. F. Usmanova1,2, M. I. Teremova3, A. E. Zuev4 1Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology-Division of the Krasnoyarsk Science Center, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, Russia 2Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia 3Krasnoyarsk Science Center, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, Russia 4Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology-Division of the Krasnoyarsk Science Center, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
Keywords: Copper-nickel ore mill tailings, bio-leaching, native bacteria, autochtonous bacteria, capillary rise, hydrogen peroxide, anaerobic conditions
The authors describe the results of leaching of Cu, Ni, Fe and S from copper-nickel ore mill tailings. The lab-scale testing conditions simulated in-situ capillary rise of solutions to ground surface. The leaching agents were water and water solutions of hydrogen peroxide at concentrations of 0.5, 1.0 and 10.0%. Aiming to activate native microorganisms, some columns were introduced with bacteria extracted immediately from the test mill tailings. In the other columns, in order to increase population of native bacteria directly in rock mass, conditions to stimulate their growth were created. The growth in the number of bacteria was observed in the ore mill tailings. The rates of extraction of iron, copper, nickel and sulfur in liquid phase differ depending on the composition of a leach solution.
N. K. Algebraistova1, E. S. Ananenko1, M. I. Teremova2, I. S. Plotnikov1, I. V. Prokop’ev3 1Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia 2Krasnoyarsk Science Center, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, Russia 3North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, Russia
Keywords: Sulfide mienrals, arsenopyrite, antimonite, flotation, hydrophobic properties, bacteria Pseudomonas Japonica, biotechnology, selection
The modified surface of sulfide minerals (arsenopyrite and antimonite) after bio-treatment with bacteria Pseudomonas Japonica is studied using electroacoustic spectrometer Dispersion DT-310, scanning electron microscope Tescan Vega II SBH, digital technologies and DSA20 EasyDrop unit. It is found that bio-treatment leads to substantial hydrophilization of the mineral surface, which is confirmed by an increase in the wetting angle by 40-50° and in the work of adhesion by 2 times. It is found that the electrochemical properties of the mineral surface also change, including the sign reversal of the ζ -potential and the increase of the electric conductance by an order of magnitude. The scanning electron microscopy proved adsorption of the bacterial cells at the mineral surface. The proof tests confirmed efficiency of the bio-treatment and show reduction in flotation of sulfides by 15-17% in their joint feed with xanthate. The studies display the promising nature of the micro-biological treatment of sulfides before selective flotation.
A. A. Goryachev1,2, E. S. Latyuk3, A. V. Tsyryat’eva4, A. A. Kompanchenko5, D. V. Makarov1 1Institute of Industrial Ecology Problems of the North, Kola Science Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Apatity, Russia 2Nanomaterials Research Center, Kola Science Center, Russian Academy of Sciences 3RAM LLC, Moscow, Russia 4Apatit Division, Murmansk Arctic State University, Apatity, Russia 5Geological Institute, Kola Science Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Apatity, Russia
Keywords: Sand wastes, sulfides, ammonia sulfate, low-temperatureroasting, water leaching, pregnant solution, nonferrous metals
The research focuses on processing of copper-nickel alluvial sand wastes at the Verkhnee deposit, Norilsk Industrial District. In the sand wastes, the size category of- 100 µm is chosen, with the nickel and copper contents of 0.32 and 0.22%, respectively. The material constitutions of the initial sand waste and experimental samples were examined, and the optimal mode of their processing by a combination of low-temperature roasting with ammonia sulfate and bio-leaching is selected. The sand samples were mixed with ammonia sulfate and roasted, then the roasted mix was leached in water for 40 min with continuous stirring at a rate of 230 min-1, and the remained was subjected to bio-leaching using iron-oxidizing bacteria. The maximal recovery of metals is achieved at the temperature of 400 °С and at a sand and ammonia sulfate mass ratio of 1 : 3: nickel recovery was 73.2% and copper recovery was 71.6%. Bio-leaching produced additional recovery of more than 20% of metals. Thus, through recovery of nickel and copper reached 95.4 and 88.0%, respectively.
M. Laraba1, J. M. Menendez-Aguado2 1Mining & Geotechnolgy Department, Mining Institute, University of Tebessa, Tebessa, Algeria 2Asturias Raw Materials Institute, University of Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
Keywords: Kaolin ore, manganese, multigravity separator, Box-Behnken designs, response surface methodology
The objective of this study is purifying kaolin ore collected from Djebel Debbagh deposit, situated in eastern Algeria by the utilization of a multigravity separator. The chemical, mineralogical and microscopic analyses were carried out. These analyses reveal that the kaolin ore contains kaolinite as the main mineral contaminated with manganese considered as an impurity in this case. This last reduce significantly the quality of this kaolin and consequently limit its use as raw material in several industries. Three variables, namely, drum velocity, wash water flow rate, and shake amplitude of the Mozly multigravity separator were chosen for the analyses of their influence on the content, yield and recovery of manganese in mill tailings. The Box-Behnken designs and the response surface methodology were used. After optimization of the process variables, the maximal values of Mn content, yield and recovery were obtained. The predicted results were consistent with the experimental data, confirming the model correctness and the effectiveness of the parameters adjustment in MGS for manganese removal from kaolin.
N. F. Fetisova
Mining Institute, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia
Keywords: Waste water, mining industry, manmade geochemical barriers, treatment, structural parameters, efficiency, longevity
The practical application of manmade geochemical barriers in treatment of waste water in the mining industry is described. The studies of efficiency of natural and modified minerals in reduction of concentrations of heavy metals in mine waste water and in model solutions have positive results. The technical aspects of creation of manmade geochemical barriers are examined, namely, materials, sizes and designs aimed at enhanced efficiency and extended service life of the barriers. The geochemical barriers can be integrated in process flowsheets of operating mines, and are suitable for the independent use in closed mines where the cost of sophisticated waste water treatment systems is too high.
