Home – Home – Jornals – Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics 2013 number 3

The paper presents the analysis results of the elemental composition of dust aerosol samples collected in the deposition in Ayvadj and Dushanbe, formed by a dusty haze. Data on the distribution of radioactive isotopes of uranium and thorium series, K-40 and other man-made isotope are analyzed.

The calculations of probability density functions (PDF) of the mass concentration of atmospheric aerosols using satellite data are presented. The software, developed in the IWEP SB RAS, was used for the calculations. The program offers non-parametric method of the smoothing kernel. The computed PDF qualitatively represent the logarithmically normal ones.

The taxonomic composition, daily average concentration and daily dynamics of the content of the pollen component of atmospheric aerosol in the atmosphere have been determined in the village of Kluchi of the Novosibirsk region. From June, 22 to July, 19, 2011, in the atmosphere prevailed the pollen of cereals. It amounted to 90 and more percent of the total number of pollen grains. The daily average mass concentration of the pollen was ≈ 3.7% of the overall concentration of atmospheric aerosol. During cereal blossom the mass concentration of the pollen is comparable and even exceeds the daily average concentration of the atmospheric aerosol.

A new approach is developed to forecast the fire radiative power (FRP) observed by the satellite sensor with a lead time of one day. The method is based on a threshold autoregression model. Visualization of the t-statistics of the sorted time series has helped to discern six regimes, for which the model coefficients were specified separately. Nesterov fire index was used as one of the predictors. Data for European part of Russia for summer 2010 were used. It was shown that threshold autoregression forecast is superior to inertial forecast of FRP. Aerosols emissions (PM₁₀ concentrations) were also predicted based on FRP forecast for the next day. The forecast errors were lower then the errors of inertial forecast of PM₁₀ for four of six regimes that were dominating either in terms of number or coverage area. The method will be incorporated into the air quality model.

The problem of detection of oil pollution on the earth's surface is considered. The results of experimental investigations of laser-induced fluorescence spectra of petroleum products, and petroleum products on earth's surfaces are presented. It is shown that the use of a laser method, based on fluorescence radiation recording within three narrow spectral bands, allows detection of oil pollution on the earth's surfaces with a probability of correct classification close to unity, and small probability of false alarm.

Data processing procedure for estimation of the turbulent energy dissipation rate from wind measurements by a pulsed coherent Doppler lidar (PCDL) at conical scanning by the probing beam is presented. The procedure is tested by the numerical simulation and used for investigation of the feasibility and accuracy of estimation of the dissipation rate from conically scanning PCDL data. Error of the lidar estimate of the dissipation rate versus number of full scans is calculated.

Feasibility of measurement of the turbulent energy dissipation rate with a pulsed coherent Doppler lidar (PCDL) at conical scanning by the probing beam has been investigated, using numerical simulation with consideration of the averaging of radial velocity over the sensing volume and the error of radial velocity estimation. Error of the lidar estimate of the dissipation rate versus number of full scans and signal-to-noise ratio has been calculated. Results of msimultaneous measurements of the dissipation rate with sonic anemometers and 2-µm PCDL have been analyzed.

A simulation of the Sun photometer measurements for two regions of Russia is made and estimations of total water vapor content retrieval errors, caused by variation of meteorological parameters and application of empirical formulas, used in AERONET, are found.

The vertical statistical structure of air temperature and humidity ( specific humidity) fields within the atmospheric boundary layer of East Siberia are analyzed for cloudless conditions and heavy overcast, using many-year (2002–2012) data of four aerological stations (Tura, Yakutsk, Kirensk, Chita). The features of the altitudinal distribution of the background (average climatic) characteristics and the dispersions of air temperature and humidity are considered up to a height of 1600 meters with the account of cloud state of the atmosphere and depending on the season and geographical location of the station.

According to the data of many-years (2002–2012) observations of four aerological stations (Tura, Yakutsk, Kirensk and Chita), representing different physical-geographical regions of East Siberia, the general regularities and features of interlevel and cross-correlation relations of air temperature and humidity ( specific humidity ) in the atmospheric boundary layer are analyzed depending on the degree of the sky coverage with lower clouds.

This paper describes a highly sensitive spectrometer in the range 20000–9000 cm^–1 with an absorption sensitivity of 1x10^–8 cm^–1 and a spectral resolution of 0,05 cm^–1, created on the basis of Bruker IFS-125M Fourier spectrometer with a small multipass cell. The high sensitivity of the spectrometer was achieved through the use of the multipass absorption cell (base length is 60 cm) with a high aperture ratio (the ratio of the diameter of the collective mirror to the base length is 1:4) and a high intensity light source. A comparison of the recorded spectra with the experimental and theoretical spectra of the water vapor shows that the spectrometer reliably detects the presence of absorption lines of natural isotopomers of water. The threshold sensitivity of the spectrometer was defined from the signal/noise ratio and from the recorded water lines with minimal intensities.

The results of the laboratory experiments on measurements of length and position of filamentation zone of femtosecond laser GW radiation at wavelengths of 800 and 400 nm with millimeter-sized aperture propagating in air under conditions of sharp external focusing are presented. Dependencies of length of the radiation filamentation zone on its initial radius and power are studied. Qualitatively new regularity is obtained, which consists in invariance of the observed length of the beam filamentation zone with respect to variation of its diameter with the assumption of equality of the initial intensities. The regularity is not a characteristic of collimated radiation and connected with geometrical focusing dominance over Kerr self-focusing of the beam during filament formation.

A method of estimating the height and speed of movement of clouds from observations of the angular velocities at different points in the cloud field is considered. We discuss the hardware implementation of this method.