Y.-J. Mao1, D. Bat-Ulzii2, K.-Z. Qin1,3, B. Bujinlkham2, D.-M. Tang1 1Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China 2Department of Geology and Mineralogy, Mongolian University of Science and Technology, Ulaanbaatar-46/520, Mongolia 3University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Keywords: Ni-Cu deposit, platinum group elements, exploration, mafic-ultramafic intrusion, Central Asian Orogenic Belt, central Mongolia
Subsection: PETROLOGY, GEOCHEMISTRY, AND MINERALOGY
Although there are many mafic-ultramafic intrusions in the western and central regions of Mongolia, Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), no economic-grade Ni-Cu deposits have yet been discovered. To understand the economic Ni-Cu deposit potential of the intrusions in central Mongolia, the parental magma affinity and sulfide saturation of the Oortsog, Dulaan, and Nomgon Ni-Cu mineralized mafic-ultramafic intrusions are studied. These three intrusions are predominantly gabbroic in composition, while the Oortsog and Dulaan intrusions additionally contain small proportions of peridotites. The parental magmas of the Oortsog and Dulaan intrusions are tholeiitic, as indicated by their Cr-spinel and clinopyroxene compositions, whereas the parental magma of the Nomgon intrusions is likely calc-alkaline. The compositions of Cr-spinel and clinopyroxene, combined with significant Nb-Ta depletion, indicate that these rocks were most likely derived from modified mantle sources. Both the Oortsog and Nomgon intrusions form two clusters in terms of their olivine composition, suggesting that multiple magma surges were involved during their emplacement. The relatively low Fo values and Ni contents in olivine from the three intrusions compared to those from Ni-Cu deposits in NW China, as well as those in the Voisey’s Bay deposit in Canada, indicate that the three intrusions crystallized from relatively evolved magmas. The Cu/Zr ratios of rocks of the Oortsog, Dulaan, and Nomgon intrusions are higher than 1, suggesting that these rocks contain cumulus sulfide. This, coupled with the presence of rounded sulfide inclusions in olivine of the Oortsog and Dulaan intrusions, suggests that sulfide saturation occurred before or during olivine crystallization. The distribution patterns of platinum group elements (PGEs) of the Dulaan and Oortsog intrusions record slight Rh, Pt, and Pd (PPGE) enrichment relative to Os, Ir, and Rh (IPGE). Furthermore, the Ni/Cu ratios of sulfide-bearing rocks from the Oortsog intrusion vary from 1.8 to 3.8 and are consistent with those of the Ni-Cu sulfide deposits in NW China. In contrast, the Ni/Cu ratios of sulfide-bearing rocks from the Nomgon intrusion are extremely low (0.03 to 0.07). This, together with the significant enrichment in PPGE relative to IPGE, suggests that these sulfides of the Nomgon intrusion were segregated from a magma that was extremely enriched in Cu and PPGE but depleted in Ni and IPGE. The characteristics of the chalcophile elements in these intrusions are attributed to the fact that the derivation of the Nomgon magma was significantly different from that of the Dulaan and Oortsog parental magmas. Overall, although the parental magmas of the intrusions in central Mongolia are more evolved than those in NW China, they are comparable in the sizes of their intrusions, constituent minerals, and mineral chemistry. These similarities suggest that the intrusions in central Mongolia have an economic Ni-Cu sulfide potential. Furthermore, intrusions similar to the Nomgon intrusion may feature a PGE mineralization potential.
G.N. Burmakina1, A.A. Tsygankov1,2, V.B. Khubanov1,2
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Keywords: Composite dikes, granitoids, mixing, sources of magmas, U-Pb isotopic age, formation conditions, western Transbaikalia
Subsection: PETROLOGY, GEOCHEMISTRY, AND MINERALOGY
The performed studies have revealed two varieties of composite dikes differing in morphology and internal structure depending on (1) the proportions of salic and basic components and (2) the rheologic state of the host environment. The latter can be both a solid substrate with open fractures and a melt at different stages of crystallization. The evaluated isotopic age of dikes in the Shaluta massif, 290.8 ± 2.7 Ma and 283.4 ± 3.4 Ma, is correlated with the time of the pluton formation. The age of the composite dike breaking through the metamorphic deposits on the eastern shore of Lake Baikal is 284.10 ± 0.96 Ma. The mass formation of composite dikes in western Transbaikalia is correlated with the Late Paleozoic magmatism, which resulted in one of the Earth’s largest granitoid provinces. The intrusion of dikes was not a single-stage event; it lasted at least 10-12 Myr and was apparently related to the repeated intrusion of large volumes of salic magmas and the formation of granitoid plutons. Early Mesozoic composite dikes associated with alkali-granitoid plutons of the Late Kunalei igneous complex (230-210 Ma) are much scarcer. Basic magmas of the composite dikes were generated at depths greater than 75 km as a result of the melting of a modified (enriched in crustal components) mantle source. Salic components of the dikes, independently of their geologic position, are generally similar in composition to the granitoids of the plutonic facies, and the differences are apparently due to hybridization proceeding at great depths.
N.A. Imamverdiyev1, M.Ya. Gasangulieva2, G.D. Babaeva2, Sh.F. Abdullaeva1, A.A. Veliev3 1Baku State University, Azerbaijan, Academic Zahid Khalilov str. 23, Baku, AZ-1073/1, AZ 1148, Republic of Azerbaijan 2Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, H. Javid Av. 119, Baku, AZ 1143, Azerbaijan 3Azerbaijan International Mining Company, Hanifa Aleskerov str. 16, Nasimi, Baku, AZ 1022, Azerbaijan
Keywords: Petrogenesis, collision volcanism, Lesser Caucasus
Subsection: PETROLOGY, GEOCHEMISTRY, AND MINERALOGY
The Late Cenozoic volcanic deposits of the Lesser Caucasus have similar trace-element and REE patterns with negative anomalies of Nb, Ta, Hf, and Zr. They are highly enriched in Rb, Ba, Th, and La and depleted in Ti, Yb, and Y with respect to N-MORB, which indicates their formation from the subduction-metasomatized lithospheric mantle. Partial melting of the subcontinental mantle lithosphere and crustal assimilation and fractional crystallization controlled the magma evolution in the collisional magmatic belts.
A.V. Shchepetkina, M.K. Gingras, S.G. Pemberton
Ichnology Research Group, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E3, Canada
Keywords: Ichnology, trace fossils, sedimentology, brackish-water systems, estuaries
This paper provides an overview of the history of ichnology from both Russian and international perspectives. However, the main purpose of the paper is to review how trace fossils can be used to discern the brackish-water sedimentary environments from their open-marine counterparts. A number of modern studies are presented, including: (1) Kouchibouguac Bay, New Brunswick, Canada; (2) Willapa Bay, Washington, USA; (3) Ogeechee River Estuary, Georgia, USA; and (4) Petitcodiac River estuary, New Brunswick, Canada. Cretaceous examples from the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin (i.e., McMurray Formation, AB, Canada and Gething Formation, British Columbia, Canada) are provided to test the models derived from the modern estuaries.
N.V. Sennikov1,2, O.T. Obut1,2, T.Yu. Tolmacheva3, E.V. Lykova1, R.A. Khabibulina1 1A.A. Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Akademika Koptyuga 3, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia 2Novosibirsk State University, ul. Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia 3Karpinsky Russian Geological Research Institute (VSEGEI), Federal Agency of Mineral Resources, Srednii pr. 74, St. Petersburg, 199106, Russia
Keywords: Ordovician, facies, depositional environment, conodonts, Gorny Altai
Comprehensive lithofacies and biofacies analysis provided constraints on the origin of Upper Ordovician clastic and carbonate deposits in northeastern Gorny Altai, which form large low-elevated flat carbonate banks located relatively close to the shore. The sediments were deposited during the Sandbian and early-middle Katian stages, according to new conodont data. Upper Ordovician sections in northeastern Gorny Altai store record of two global regressions: the early Sandbian (Vollen Lowstand) and early Katian (Frognerkilen Lowstand) events.
Shale strata development is one of the most promising trends for the hydrocarbon production increase within the West Siberian petroliferous province. The lack of understanding of fracturing mechanism, which is crucial for steady well production during hydraulic fracturing or drilling of horizontal wells, substantially restricts the choice of process capabilities for effective development of such horizons. This paper considers the Bazhenov Formation fractures based on the core data. The role of open and mineralized fractures (their slope angles, density, and specific surface) in the structure of bituminous shales is considered. Paleomagnetic orientation of the core samples with open fractures is implemented, and litho-petrographical description of the strata is made. The obtained results indicate that the planetary paleotension system of rocks controls the origin of open fractures in the Bazhenov Formation. Therefore, their spatial orientation and autogeneration capability can be used during the development of the bituminous shale strata.
A digital geoelectric model of the Karaton-Sarkamys block located in the southern (Kazakhstan) part of the Caspian Depression has been elaborated on the basis of processing and interpretation of magnetotelluric-sounding data. Geoelectric sections and structural maps of geoelectric layers have been constructed. It has been shown that magnetotelluric sounding combined with seismic and GIS data can be efficiently used to obtain additional information about the lithologic and reservoir properties of petroleum plays.
D.Yu. Sirota, V.V. Ivanov
T.F. Gorbachev Kuzbass State Technical University, ul. Vesennyaya 28, Kemerovo, 650000, Russia
Keywords: Exploration geophysics, diagnostic problem, interpretation of geophysical data, rock burst, integral equation of the first kind, inverse ill-posed problem, Tikhonov regularization method
Subsection: GEOPHYSICS
Exploration geophysics is concerned with the development of methods and techniques for remote search for mineral deposits, solution of various engineering and geological problems, mining monitoring, and diagnostics of zones of rock bursts and natural and technogenic tectonic earthquakes. In this paper we consider the diagnostic problem of exploration geophysics related to the determination of the shape and inclination angle of a plane source of the natural geoelectric field, which, under certain conditions, simulates a rock failure zone, e.g., during the preparation of rock bursts at the sites of developed mineral deposits. This approach may also be useful in determining the shape and size of ore shoots by electrical measurements on the ground surface. Evaluation of the parameters of a rock failure zone is required in the case of accumulation of multiple fractures having charges of the same sign before a catastrophic failure. This problem is formulated as a Fredholm-Urysohn integral equation of the first kind. The solution of the integral equation is sought using the Tikhonov regularization method of the second order.
V. I. Kudashov
Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, the Russian Federation
Keywords: управление образованием, габитус доверия, бюрократизация образования, децентрализация, education management, the habitus of trust, bureaucratization of education, decentralization
Trends in the world education confirm the necessity to decentralize and de-bureaucratize the national education system in order to increase the efficiency of its functioning. At the same time, the habit of trust is not removed by formalizing all educational relations and recording them exclusively in the economic or legal field. On the contrary, strengthening the attitude of educational leaders to teachers as hired workers in the "sphere of educational services" operating within the strict limits of regulatory requirements leads to the extension of this attitude to the entire educational process. It is necessary to strengthen the authority beyond the central state educational authorities, gradually transferring them to regional and municipal structures.
K.G. Kiazimov
Academy of Labour, Moscow, the Russian Federation
Keywords: управление кадрами, управление персоналом, управление человеческими ресурсами, человеческий потенциал, индекс развития человеческого потенциала, управление человеческим потенциалом, personnel management, human resource management, human potential, index of human potential development, human potential management
The paper analyzes national and foreign experience and makes conclusion about two concepts of human management: personnel management and human resources management. The author speaks about the fact that it is impossible to compare people and resources as it makes them the object of influence and reduces their potential and importance as people are smart and clever and their nature is opposite to the objects. The concept of human consideration as a resource and object of management should be replaced by humanistic paradigm that reviews a laboring person as a subject of social and labor relations and active human potential. The article shows that human potential concept is more essential and measurable than human resources. That leads to necessity of transfer to the new stage of evolution development of human management, from human resource management to human potential management.
S.G. Novikov1,2 1Volgograd State Social Pedagogical University, Volgograd, Russia 2P. A. Volgograd Conservatory. Serebryakov, Volgograd, Russia
Keywords: общество знания, стратегия развития, homo creator, постматериалистическая мотивация, «новый государственный менеджмент», инновационная педагогическая деятельность, сетевое образование, knowledge society, development strategy, homo creator, post-materialistic motivation, new public management model, innovative pedagogical activity, network education
The article deals with the priorities of management of education in the context of Russia's transfer to a new stage of development: knowledge society (post-industrial, post-production, post-economic). To determine these priorities, the author applies a combined methodology: the world-system approach of I. Wallerstein, the concepts of the "knowledge society" and the "network society". On the basis of analysis of objective trends of the sociocultural development it is asserted that the management of education should be aimed at the formation of the subject of the transition that will have post-materialistic motivation (homo creator). The author negatively evaluates the concept of «New public management" adopted in many developed countries, as it reproduces the society of the past (industrial, economic). Russia needs a strategy of advanced development, the result and subject of which is a person whose values are "freedom", "justice", "solidarity", "creativity". It is argued that in order for Russian education to fulfill its mission to ensure Russia's transition to a knowledge society, it must have before itself: 1) a clear image of the desired future, 2) a strategy of formation a subject which is guided by post-materialistic motives, 3) financing sufficient to attract young scientific and pedagogical staff, 4) a program for the development of innovative pedagogical activity, networked education and universities.
S. A. An1, N. V. Nalivaiko2,3,4, V. I. Panarin5, V. I. Parshikov5,6, E. V. Ushakova7 1Altai State Pedagogical University, Barnaul, the Russian Federation 2Institute of Philosophy and Law at Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation 3Research Institute of Philosophy of Education, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation 4Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation 5Novosibirsk State Agrarian University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation 6Institute of Further Training, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation 7Altai State Medical University, Barnaul, Russian Federation
Keywords: концепция ноосферы, образование, стратегии управления образованием, философия образования, ноосферное образование, concept of noosphere, education, management strategies, education philosophy, noospheric education
The article explores theory and methodology of certain achievements and possible prospects of national education philosophy development on the issues of education policy and education management at the national and global levels of public organization in the context of accelerating the processes of globalization in the 21st century. The basis of conceptual approach to problem solving is the ideas of the noosphere developed by V.I.Vernadsky, which allow defining the strategies of modern educational policy, as well as the specifics of social management of noospheric education at the state and international levels at the beginning of the XXI century.
V. I. Parshikov1,2, Iu. V. Tabakaev3, N. N. Krasnova3, K.A. Kuzmenko3 1Novosibirsk State Agrarian University, Novosibirsk, the Russian Federation 2Institute of Further Training, Novosibirsk, the Russian Federation 3Head of the Chair of Philosophy and Law at Gorno-Altaisk State University, Gorno-Altaisk, the Russian Federation
Keywords: системно-диалектическая методология, переходность, глобализация, образование, право, управление, system-dialectical methodology, transitivity, globalizattion, education, law, management
The paper makes grounds for the role of dialectical and systemic methodology in the study of the laws of human interaction (the element of social system) and society (social macrosystems) in the analysis of categories and realities: freedom and necessity, social freedom and social necessity, freedom and responsibility, rights and duties of social actors. There authors speak about three main types of system-dialectic relations between an element and a system: 1) maximization of potential interactions of elements in the system and minimization of kinetic interactions of elements (hardness, stagnant type of system); 2) the relative balance of potential and kinetic interactions of elements in the system, which on the whole makes the system the most active (labile self-developing type of system); 3) minimization of potential interactions of elements in the system and maximization of the kinetic interactions of elements (weakened, self-destructive type of system). In the conditions of modern global transition of a society and high dynamics of social relations all marked types of relations of an element and system, the person and a society can be shown. The application of these laws to sociosystems, taking into account the factor of consciousness and the practically transforming activity of the subjects, leads to different types of social organization, to the specifics of the organization of education, law and governance in different states of the modern globalizing world. Accordingly, it is a stagnant, creative and anarchic form of education from different sociocultural systems of the modern world. In Russia, it is necessary to build an educational strategy on its own sociocultural basis.
Discussing the development of information technology, scholars usually mean computers, mobile phones, Internet, economy of “big data”, the emergence of "new media" and the total transformation of communications. But along with the indisputable positive effects of the latest scientific and technological revolution, such ambiguous phenomenon as virtualization of the information space should be taken into account and considered. The author analyzes the implications of these processes for different areas and processes of personality formation, including the education system.
V.M. Kopeikin1, A.S. Emilenko1, A.A. Isakov1, O.V. Loskutova2, T.Ya. Ponomareva3 1A.M. Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, Pyzhevsky per., 3, 119017, Moscow, Russia 2D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaja ploshhad', 9, 125047, Moscow, Russia 3Hydrometeorological Centre of Russia, 11-13, Bol'shoj Predtechenskij per., 123242, Moscow, Russia
Keywords: субмикронный и сажевый аэрозоль, дымовой аэрозоль, массовая концентрация аэрозоля, загрязнение атмосферы, BC and fine aerosol, smoke aerosol, mass concentration of aerosol, pollution of the atmosphere
Subsection: OPTICS OF CLUSTERS, AEROSOLS, AND HYDROSOLES
The results of measurements of fine aerosol and black carbon mass concentrations in the center of Moscow and at two sites at Zvenigorod Sientific Station (ZSS) in the spring and fall periods of 2014-2016 are presented. The results are compared with the data of comprehensive measurements during 1989-2013. Situations with increased air pollution due to smoke plumes from burning peat bogs in Bryansk region, transport of smokes from forest fires in Siberia, as well as smoke from burning bark beetle affected trees in the forests in Moscow region have been revealed. A significant increase in vehicular traffic near the first measurement point at ZSS, located 150 m away from a road, during past 25 years has resulted in the growth of the aerosol air pollution level by about 2-3 times. At the second point, 1-km distant from the road, the level of air pollution by BC is comparable with that obtained in the 90s of the past century and is lower than in Moscow by about 3 times.
S.M. Sakerin, D.M. Kabanov
V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634021, Russia
Keywords: аэрозольная оптическая толща, Индийский и Атлантический океаны, aerosol optical depth, Indian and Atlantic Oceans
Subsection: OPTICS OF CLUSTERS, AEROSOLS, AND HYDROSOLES
Results of expedition studies of the spatiotemporal variations in the aerosol optical depth (AOD) of the atmosphere during the 42nd cruise of RV “Akademik Boris Petrov” along the route from Singapore to Kaliningrad (via Suez Canal) are discussed. It is shown that the highest atmospheric turbidities were observed over the Arabian Sea (due to the outflows of fine-mode aerosol from Hindustan) and the Red Sea (due to the outflows of dust aerosol), where the average AODs in the region 0.5 µm were 0.355 and 0.304, respectively. A considerable aerosol turbidity is also characteristic for the atmosphere in the Strait of Malacca, burdened by aerosol outflows from the direction of Sumatra and Western Malaysia (average AOD is 0.262). Different aerosol content is noted in the neighboring equatorial regions of the Indian Ocean: the average AOD in the middle of the ocean, more remote from the contents, turned out to be a factor of 1.5-2 larger than near Sumatra. All tropical zone of the Indian Ocean is characterized by high values of Ångström selectivity exponent (1.08-1.18), indicating a predominating contribution of fine-mode aerosol to AOD.
The results of experimental study of ultrafine aerosol characteristics in the Baikal region and Gobi Desert are presented. The comparative analysis of the dispersion composition of atmospheric aerosol in different climate conditions is carried out. It is ascertained that the total content of ultrafine aerosol in the atmosphere of Gobi Desert is significantly lower than in the Baikal atmosphere. In the arid atmosphere, the soil aerosol prevails in the particle size distribution, while in the Lake Baikal region nanometer-size aerosols are additionally represented, which are mainly of anthropogenic and organic origin. Two peaks in the ultrafine aerosol concentration are observed in the daytime and evening hours on the daily curve of the total number concentration. In the morning and daytime hours, the number of nucleation-mode particles increases due to strengthening of breeze circulation, which transports anthropogenic impurities from the lake, and activation of photochemical reactions.
N.A. Vostretsov
V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634021, Russia
Keywords: туман, морось, дождь, флуктуации, плотность вероятности, коэффициенты асимметрии и эксцесса, fog, drizzle, rain, fluctuations, probability density, skewness, kurtosis
Subsection: OPTICS OF CLUSTERS, AEROSOLS, AND HYDROSOLES
The results of experimental studies of the statistical parameters of fluctuations of focused laser beam radiation scattered in rain, drizzle, fog by precipitation particles along a 130 m atmospheric path are considered. The dependences of the probability density on precipitation form, scattering coefficient, and wind speed and its path-normal component are analyzed.
V.N. Marichev, D.A. Bochkovsky
V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634021, Russia
Keywords: лидар, температура, стратосферное потепление, lidar, temperature, stratospheric warming
The temperature vertical distributions over Tomsk in disturbed and quiet periods of the year over 2012-2015 are analyzed. The experimental material accumulated show some features of the annual dynamics in the thermal regime of the stratosphere. Thus, the winter stratospheric warming occurs annually. During the period specified, there was one strong (major) warmings, in winters 2012/13, when air mass transport in the upper atmosphere changed from the western to the eastern, and three weak (minor) LINK Word.Document.12 "D:\\2017-12\\Маричев_03.03.2017\\Лидарные исследования термического режима стратосферы над Томском за период 2012_ред.docx" "OLE_LINK1" \a \r \* MERGEFORMAT warmings, in winters 2011/12, 2013/14, and 2014/15. Based on long-term observations, it is shown that the temperature vertical distribution for Western Siberia is in a good agreement with the CIRA-86 model distribution in the majority of cases throughout a long period of the year (from April to November).
A.I. Grishin1, A.V. Kryuchkov1,2 1V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634021, Russia 2National Research Tomsk State University, 36, Lenin Avenue, Tomsk, 634050,Russia
Keywords: землетрясение, атмосфера, лидар, аэрозоль, концентрация, пограничный слой, earthquake, atmosphere, lidar, aerosol concentration, boundary layer
The results of lidar atmospheric observations during the Sichuan (China) earthquake of 2008 are presented. It is shown that the parameters of the atmosphere substantially transformed during and after the earthquake. The profile of scattering characteristics formed in the lower troposphere differs from the original one, which can serve as one of predictors of the phenomenon.
I.A. Rasenkov
V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634021, Russia
Keywords: атмосферная турбулентность, усиление обратного рассеяния, лидар, atmospheric turbulence, backscatter amplification effect, lidar
Two designs of the laser radar system operating on the basis of the backscatter amplification effect (BSA) are suggested. The system is, in fact, a micro-pulse aerosol lidar with two receiving channels, one of which records an increase in the echo signal on the laser beam axis with an increase in the atmospheric turbulence intensity. The BSA effect has place in a narrow spatial region around the laser beam axis; so, the receiver aperture should be small enough. The creation of the turbulent lidar became possible with the advent of compact pulsed lasers with pulse energies lower then mJ and pulse repetition rates of several kHz. The lidar is intended for continuous long-term unattended operation. It is eye safe. Two schemes of the turbulent lidar on the basis of an afocal Mersenne telescope (mirror collimator) are suggested. BSA-2 and BSA-3 turbulent lidars are described. On the basis of Vorob’ev’s approximation for statistically homogeneous turbulent environment, an algorithm is suggested for retrieval of the structure parameter of optical turbulence Cn2 from lidar data.
P.N. Antokhin1, A.V. Penenko2, O.Yu. Antokhina1 1V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634021, Russia 2Institute of Computational Mathematics and Mathematical Geophysics of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, 6, Ac. Lavrentieva ave., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: образование озона, данные самолетного зондирования, обратная задача поиска источников, вариационный подход, регуляризация Тихонова, ozone generation, airborne sensing data, inverse source problem, variational approach, Tikhonov regularization
An algorithm is suggested for solution of the inverse problem of retrieving the vertical distribution of sources and sinks of a substance (ozone) using a finite number of vertical profiles of its concentration. The inverse problem is solved for the pollutant transport model. Missing information on the time dynamics of the source (sink) is compensated by applying a method based on the Tikhonov regularization. The regularization parameter is found from the solution of the auxiliary inverse problem with the parametric specification of an unknown source. The algorithm developed is tested on both synthetic data and real aircraft measurements. In numerical experiments with real data, the vertical distribution of an ozone source (sinks) in the atmospheric boundary layer and lower troposphere was retrieved.
V.P. Dneprovskaya, T.O. Peremitina, I.G. Yashchenko
Institute of Petroleum Chemistry of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, 3, Academichesky ave., Tomsk, 634021, Russia
Keywords: окружающая среда, состояние растительного покрова, нефтедобывающие территории, спутниковые данные, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, snow cover, aluminum production
For timely estimation of the ecological status of inaccessible territories in Tomsk region, a technique is developed for the assessment of vegetation of oil-producing regions on the basis of Landsat-8 satellite images and MODIS products. The methodology suggested includes the analysis of the state of landscape, considers climatic factors and the areas of contaminated lands. Application of this approach made it possible to analyze the state of vegetation cover of inaccessible oil fields in Tomsk region from 2010 to 2016 and to detect the vegetation damage on some oil fields.
V.P. Dneprovskaya, I.G. Yashchenko
Institute of Petroleum Chemistry of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, 3, Academichesky ave., Tomsk, 634021, Russia
Keywords: геоинформационные системы, геоботаническое зонирование, ландшафтное зонирование территории, типы растительного покрова, климатические изменения, geoinformation systems, geobotanical zoning, landscape zoning, vegetation types, climate change
The climate conditions and the spatial structure of vegetation in Western Siberia have been comprehensive analyzed. The changes in the climate in this region and in the geobotanical landscape during the past half century have been studied based on meteorological data taking into account the landscape zoning. It is shown that an increase in the annual average temperature results in the reduction of dark coniferous forest and expansion of small-leaved forests and swamps.
E.E. Lyapina1, E.V. Shvorneva2, N.N. Voropai1,3 1Institute of Monitoring of Climatic and Ecological Systems of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 634055, Tomsk, 10/3, Academichesky ave. 2National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 30, Lenin Avenue, Tomsk, 634050, Russia 3The V.B. Sochava Institute of Geography SB RAS, 1, Ulan-Batorskaya str., 664033, Irkutsk, Russia
Keywords: ртуть, аэрозоли, хвоя, биоиндикация, Прибайкалье, экология, геоэкология, mercury, aerosols, needles, bioindication, Baikal region, ecology, geoecology
The content of mercury in uneven-age needles of different trees from sites “Mondy”, “Arshan”, and “Tunka", Republic of Buryatia, is studied. Original data on mercury accumulation level and features of its distribution depending on conifer type, age of needles, landscape, and climatic conditions are presented. The Hg concentrations in needles estimated for the territory of Eastern Siberia do not exceed the literature data and are within the limits of average concentrations for Siberia and Russia in general.
D.V. Yusupov1, Yu.V. Robertus2, L.P. Rikhvanov1, R.V. Lyubimov2, E.E. Lyapina3, E.M. Tursunalieva1 1National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 30, Lenin Avenue, Tomsk, 634050, Russia 2Institute for Water and Environmental Problems of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, 656038, Barnaul, 1, Molodezhnaya str. IWEP SB RAS 3Institute of Monitoring of Climatic and Ecological Systems of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 634055, Tomsk, 10/3, Academichesky ave
Keywords: ртуть, золото, амальгама, атмосфера, почва, древесная растительность, Алтай, mercury, gold, amalgam, atmosphere, soil, woody vegetation, Altai
Mercury content is assessed in the natural environment-in soil, leaves and needles of woody vegetation, and atmospheric and soil air-within the areas of anthropogenic Hg contamination due to mercury and gold mining in river valleys of the Altai Republic, in zones of influence of “Veselyj”, “Aktash”, and “Mayskiy” mines, as well as in the Katun river valley in the segment of hydroelectric power station projected. High Hg concentrations and correlations between them in interfaced components of the environment are revealed. The shares of exchange and related Hg forms in contaminated soil are estimated, as well as the contributions of atmosphere and soil in the Hg assimilation by plants.
K.Yu. Nikolaev1,2, I.A. Urvantseva3, K.Yu. Batueva3, K.A. Apartsin4,5, A.V. Gorokhova4,5, V.I. Ganyukov6, N.A. Kochergin6, E.M. Zelenskaya7, G.I. Lifshits2,7
a:2:{s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"HTML";s:4:"TEXT";s:793:"1Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine - Branch of Federal Research Institute of Cytology and Genetics of SB RAS, 630089, Novosibirsk, Boris Bogatkov str., 175/1 2Novosibirsk State National Research University, 630090, Novosibirsk, Pirogov str., 2 3Surgut State University, 628400, Surgut, Lenin str., 69/1 4Irkutsk Scientific Center of SB RAS, 664033, Irkutsk, Lermontov str., 134 5Irkutsk orders «The Honour Sign» Regional Clinical Hospital, 664033, Irkutsk, Lermontov str., 134 6Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 650002, Kemerovo, Sosnovy Boulevard, 6 7Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, 630090, Novosibirsk, Academician Lavrentyev av., 8";}
Keywords: острый коронарный синдром, атеросклероз коронарных артерий, аллельные варианты генов VEGFR2*C/*C и CYP2C19*17/*17, acute coronary syndrome, arteriosclerosis of coronary arteries, allelic variants of VEGFR2*C/*C and CYP2C19*17/*17 genes
Purpose: to study associations of homozygous allelic variants of VEGFR2*C/*C and CYP2C19*17/*17 genes with atherosclerotic lesion of coronary arteries in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in the North (Surgut) and in large cities of the Siberian Federal District of Russia (Irkutsk and Kemerovo). 257 consecutive patients with ACS upon admission to the cardiological hospitals of Surgut, Irkutsk and Kemerovo has been included in the study. All examined patients underwent coronarography and determination of allelic variants of VEGFR2*C/*C and CYP2C19*17 /*17 genes. In patients from Surgut has been determened the direct associations of the combination of allelic variants of VEGFR2*C/*C + CYP2C19*17/*17 with indicators of severe coronary atherosclerosis (lesion of the left coronary artery trunk (LCA), LCA stenosis more than 50 %, proximal or medial lesion of the three major arteries more than 70 % (PLA) and the presence of PLA or stenosis of the LCA trunk more than 50 %). Such associations were not found in patients from Kemerovo and Irkutsk. The multivariate analysis determined the direct effect of combination of allelic variants of the VEGFR2*C/*C and CYP2C19*17/*17 genes on the presence of PTA or stenosis of the LCA trunk more than 50 % in patients with ACS from Surgut regardless of males gender, ages and smoking (Exp B) = 21.065, 95 % CI (2.003; 221.524), p = 0.011). Thus, the combination of allelic variants of VEGFR2*C/*C and CYP2C19*17/*17 genes directly affects the presence of severe coronary atherosclerosis in patients with ACS from Surgut.
Aim of the study. The relationships and connections of atherosclerotic damage of carotid arterial wall concomitant with atherosclerosis of thoracic aorta have been studied here, as from data of contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and also bearing in mind the results of blood lipids biochemistry. Material and methods. The study patients group comprised seventeen persons (of which 12 males and five females, as old as 62.3 ± 6.2 years) with extensive atherosclerosis verified from data of complex radiologic and biochemical study. In everybody extensive MRI study with contrast enhancement has been carried out imaging both carotid, cerebral and aortic arch regions, and also blood spectrum of lipids was studied. Everybody used to be a in-patient of departments of cardiovascular surgery or of urgent cardiology, with multiple ischemic attacks in cerebral and coronary vascular areas (all seventeen) and also lower limb vascular arterial disorders (in twelve). Diabetes mellitus of type 2 with need of antidiabetic peroral treatment was present in eight of seventeen included. Carotid arterial stenotic atherosclerosis involved common carotid artery bifurcation and internal carotid artery (with bilateral critical stenosis in ten patients and with essentially monolateral one in seven patients) and was concomitant with stenosis over 50 % in one or more segment of syphone and/or intracranial part of internal carotid artery or of anterior or middle cerebral arteries. MRI study of aorta and carotid arteries has been carried out in everybody using MRI scanner with Toshiba Titan Vantage with field induction 1.5 T. Pearson’s parametric coefficient of correlation was employed for analysis of group relationships, with calculation of correlation coefficient r . Results. In all patients with atherosclerosis statistically significantly higher values of paramagnetic contrast enhancement of T1WI- SE scans of carotid artery’s wall as compared to the control group were observed. Age-matched control persons demonstrated the indices as low as 1.04 ± 0.02. In particular the index of enhancement of T1-WI of carotid arteries and aorta in patients with advanced atherosclerosis were as follows: over carotid arteries - 1.24 ± 0.17, over r aorta - 1.22 ± 0.17. When assessing the relationship between the indices of enhancement of T1-WI of aorta and of carotid arteries, a positive linear correlation was found ( r = 0.672, p < 0.05). There were no evidence for aortic dissection or aneurysm; the diameter of aorta in patients with atherosclerosis was as narrow as 2.5 ± 0.31 cm. The index of enhancement of T1-WI of carotid arteries atherosclerotic lesion and the total cholesterol level did correlate significantly ( r = 0.584, p < 0.05). There was also positive correlation between index of enhancement of T1-Scans of carotid plaque and blood triglycerides ( r = 0.667; p <0.05). Conclusion. Uptake of paramagnetic contrast agents as visual expression of pathologic neoangiogenesis in the media layers of wall of aorta and carotid arteries is seen over all extent of aortic arch and carotid vessels in patients with extensive atherosclerosis. When observing the uptake of paramagnetic contrast to the arterial wall concomitant with carotid stenosis it is recommended to carry out the MRI of aorta as well.
The goal was to study clinical features, NTproBNP and ST-2 indices in patients with acute myocardial infarction with ST segment elevation (STEMI) complicated by heart failure. Materials and methods. Included 150 patients with STEMI in the first 24 hours from the onset of the disease, with arterial hypertension, acute heart failure (AHF), Killip I-IV degree. All patients underwent clinical, laboratory and instrumental examinations: on admission to the hospital (first visit) and discharge (second visit). Results. The average age of the patients was 61.70 ± 2.96 years. In the dynamics of treatment of STEMI patients in the general group, a decrease in the level of ST-2 was observed against a background of high concentration of NTproBNP. With the progression of the degree of AHF Killip II-IV, the level of ST-2 and NTproBNP increases. At the first visit in the ST-2 ≥ 35 ng/mL group, the ST-2 and NTproBNP levels were statistically higher than those in the ST-2 group <35 ng/ml. At the second visit in ST-2 ≥ 35 ng/ml group, ST-2 level was decreased, and NTproBNP values remained high in the studied groups. A statistically significant reduction in the ejection fraction in patients with ST-2 ≥ 35 ng/ml was found to be statistically significant compared to the ST-2 group <35 ng/ml. The conclusion. In STEMI patients, ST-2 and NTproBNP are prognostic markers for the progression of acute heart failure. In the dynamics of inpatient treatment, the level of ST-2 persisted more than 35 ng/ml, in the ST-2 group of 35 ng/ml has the most unfavorable prognosis of heart failure.
A.K. Kuntsevich1, S.V. Mustafina1, E.G. Verevkin1,2, D.V. Denisova1, S.K. Malyutina1, T.I. Batluk1, O.D. Rymar1 1Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine - Branch of Federal Research Institute of Cytology and Genetics of SB RAS, 630089, Novosibirsk, Boris Bogatkov str., 175/1 2FEDERAL state budgetary scientific institution Institute of molecular biology and Biophysics, 630117, Novosibirsk, Timakov str., 2/12
Keywords: популяция, питание, абдоминальное ожирение, нутриенты, отношение шансов, population, food, carbohydrates, waist circumference, abdominal obesity
Aim: to evaluate association between the nutrition habits and abdominal obesity in cross-sectional population study among women 45-69 years in Novosibirsk. Materials and methods. The present analysis included 5074 women examined in the frame of international project HAPIEE. Data on nutrition were obtained in the population survey using a questionnaire on the frequency of food consumption (FFQ). Abdominal obesity (AO) was determined by waist circumference, using two criteria - ≥ 88 cm (AHA, 2005) and ≥ 80 cm (IDF, 2005). Statistical analysis was performed using package SPSS. Results. Significant negative association between intake of carbohydrates in the diet and obesity in women was found. The chance of abdominal obesity defined by both criteria was 2 times lower in the highest quartile of distribution of carbohydrate intake in comparison with the lowest quartile ( p < 0.001). The chance of abdominal obesity increased 1.5 times in the highest quartile of distribution of fat intake ( p < 0.001). The chance of AO in the highest quartile of protein was 1.8 times higher than in the lowest quartile for AHA 2005 criterion and 1.7 times for IDF 2005 criterion of AO. Conclusion. In studied population sample of women aged 45-69 high consumption of carbohydrates in the diet was associated with reduced frequency of metabolic disorders, probably due to contribution of high intake of fiber and low intake of saturated fatty acids and cholesterol. High consumption of fats and proteins increases the risk of AO in female population ages 45-69 years. In the group with the highest intake of carbohydrates the ratio of nutrients in the diet (carbs / fat / protein) was close to the recommended by WHO.
I.P. Berezovikova, D.V. Denisova, T.I. Baltuk, M.I. Voevoda
Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine - Branch of Federal Research Institute of Cytology and Genetics of SB RAS, 630089, Novosibirsk, Boris Bogatkov str., 175/1
Keywords: полифенольные соединения, липиды крови, ресвератрол, тирозол, фенольные кислоты, источники, потребление, механизм гиполипидемического действия, polyphenolic compounds, blood lipids, resveratrol, tyrosol, phenolic acids, sources, intake, mechanism of lipid-lowering action
The review systematizes the results of studies on the effect of consumption of polyphenolic compounds on serum lipids. Data on the effect of polyphenol content in various products, consumption in different regions are given. The results of the effect on the lipid profile of phenolic acids cocoa, resveratrol, polyphenols olive oil. The mechanisms of the effect of polyphenols on lipids are given.
O.V. Timoshchenko, Yu.P. Nikitin
Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine - Branch of Federal Research Institute of Cytology and Genetics of SB RAS, 630089, Novosibirsk, Boris Bogatkov str., 175/1
Keywords: белок Клото, атеросклероз, сердечно-сосудистые заболевания, Klotho protein, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular diseases
The review provides an analysis of the literature data on the Klotho protein. The discovery and in-depth study of the Klotho gene and its protein broadened the notion of natural aging. The levels of Klotho protein in serum decrease with age and with certain diseases associated with aging, in particular, such as osteoporosis, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, malignant neoplasms, and certain kidney diseases. A number of experimental publications have suggested that the Klotho protein may affect the functional state of the vascular endothelium by suppressing inflammation and oxidative stress. According to some data a decrease the Klotho protein in blood is observed in cardiovascular diseases, but such data are scarce. Further studies are needed in this direction to determine possible relationships of the Klotho protein content in the blood serum with atherogenesis. New knowledge in understanding these processes can be used to find a more effective approach in the treatment and diagnostic tactics of cardiovascular diseases.
O.V. Tsygankova1,2, A.D. Khudyakova2, L.D. Latyntseva2, N.G. Lozhkina1 1Novosibirsk State Medical University of Minzdrav of Russia, 630091, Novosibirsk, Krasny av., 52 2Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine - Branch of Federal Research Institute of Cytology and Genetics of SB RAS, 630089, Novosibirsk, Boris Bogatkov, 175/1
Keywords: сердечно-сосудистый континуум, сердечная недостаточность, комплаентность, клинический случай, cаrdiovascular continuum, heart failure, compliance, clinical case
The described clinical case illustrates the fifteen years’ advance of the man on classical stages of a cardiovascular continuum caused by extremely low commitment to therapy with a debut of risk factors at 35-year age and the final at a stage of a systolic heart failure after a Q-positive myocardial infarction at the age of 50 years when, even in the conditions of a high compliance, therapeutic opportunities of tertiary prophylaxis of coronary heart disease are extremely limited.
N. S. Shikhova
Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Russian Academy of Sciences, Far Eastern Branch, Prospekt Stoletiya Vladivostoka, 159, Vladivostok, 690022 Russian Federation
Keywords: арборифлора, геохимическая экология растений, тяжелые металлы, аккумуляция тяжелых металлов растениями, arboriflora, geochemical ecology of plants, heavy metals, accumulation of heavy metals by plants
The article deals with the submission of data on ecological and geochemical peculiarities of the forest ecosystems, still conserved, which were obtained during vegetation research of the Muravyov-Amursky Peninsula of the Primorsky Krai. For the first time, the species specificity on the heavy metal accumulations has been identified for many Far-Eastern species of the trees, bushes and woody climbing plants (78 species), which participate in the formation of the natural phytocenoses of the South Primorye. The accumulative plant properties to accumulate heavy metals (Pb, Ni, Co, Cd, Zn, Cu, Mn, Fe) are found out in the different systematic groups and life forms of the plants. The best capacity to concentrate heavy metals (3-9 times more than background level) has been found out at 14 species: Salix udensis Trautv. et Mey. and S. gracilistyla Miq. (Zn, Mn, Cd); Syringa wolfii C. K. Schneid. (Zn, Mn); Lonicera caerulea L. (Co, Cd); Rubus sachalinensis Levl. (Pb, Cd); Populus tremula L., Betula davurica Pall. and B. costata Trautv. (Zn); B. platyphylla Sukacz., Rhododendron mucronulatum Turcz., Aralia elata (Miq.) Seem. and Corylus mandshurica Maxim. (Mn); Euonymus macroptera Rupr. (Co), Alnus hirsuta (Spach) Fisch. ex Rupr. (Cu). The best abilities of the total metal accumulations have been observed at the families as Vitaceae Juss. (Pb, Co, Cd, Cu), Hydrangeaceae Dumort. (Ni, Co, Cd), Rhamnaceae Juss. (Pb, Co, Cd) and Shisandraceae Blume (Pb, Cu). All heavy metal contents, mentioned above, correspond to the local and backgroung levels at Sorbaria sorbifolia (L.) A. Br., minimum content - at Celastrus flagellaris Rupr. liane. Coniferous species have low ability to accumulate most metals and also Juglans mandshurica Maxim., Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr., Tilia amurensis Rupr., Salix caprea L., Ulmus pumila L., Maackia amurensis Rupr. et Maxim., Berberis amurensis Rupr. et al. The background contents of the most metals are registered in Acer mono Maxim., Abelia coreana Nakai, Crataegus maximowiczii C. K. Schneid., Phellodendron amurense Rupr., Ulmus japonica (Rehd.) Sarg., Viburnum burejaeticum Regel et Herd., V. sargentii Koehne. In the region of investigation the plant specificity and soils have been identified basing on the ecological and geochemical criteria. The plant species, which are perspective representatives for monitoring and photo indication in the regional environmental conditions, or close to them, have been proposed.
O. A. Zemlyanukhina, V. N. Kalaev, V. S. Voronina, A. T. Eprintsev
a:2:{s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"TEXT";s:4:"TEXT";s:94:"Voronezh State University, Universitetskaya Ploshchad’, 1, Voronezh, 394006 Russian Federation";}
Keywords: микроклоны, вейгела, ферменты, пролин, адаптация, соле- и медеустойчивость, microclones, weigela, enzymes, proline, adaptation, salt resistance, copper resistance
Microclones of perennial shrub Weigela florida «Variegata» were prepared, adapted to the conditions of salinity and increased copper ions proportion during the three-step in vitro experiment. The process and the degree of adaptation were studied by determining the concentration of total soluble cell protein, free proline, specific enzyme activities and isozyme spectra of peroxidase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, NADH dehydrogenase, isocitrate lyase, malate dehydrogenase, and malic enzyme. In the course of long-term adaptation (120 days, 3 passages), the level of proline in experimental plants is reduced to values below the constitutive parameters in the control. Plants that are grown on copper have the most differences from control ones for changes in enzyme activities and protein content. Malate dehydrogenase and malic enzyme behavioral model are most specific during the long-term adaptation to stress as in control and experienced plants. According to the metabolic response adaptation is the multifactorial process. The first factor is the function of enzymes, their participation in various metabolic cycles: CTC (malate dehydrogenase complex), oxidative branch of the pentose-phosphate cycle (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase), electron transport chain (NADH dehydrogenase), connection with CTC via glyoxylate with metabolism of glycine and serine (extra-glyoxysomal isocitrate lyase), and antioxidant enzyme peroxidase. The second and fourth factors are the conditions of influence of salt stress and copper stress, respectively. The metabolic responses of the enzymes are dissimilar at different stages of adaptation under the action of stresses of unequal nature. The third factor is the conditions of in vitro cultivation, which affect ontogenetic processes. Thus, in the process of ontogenetic mature in the control plants the activity of NADH dehydrogenase (1.9-fold), isocitrate lyase (5.4-fold) and malate dehydrogenase (12.3-fold) increase, of activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (1.8-fold) and malic enzyme (2-fold) decrease. The activity of peroxidase remains at a constant level. We would like to highlight the idea that specific activities of only two representative enzymes such as isocitrate lyase and glucoso-6-phosphate dehydrogenase are sufficient to determine the processes necessary for normal adaptation of woody plants.
V. V. Ivanov, A. N. Borisov, A. E. Petrenko, D. A. Semenyakin, D. S. Sobachkin, R. S. Sobachkin
V. N. Sukachev Institute of Forest, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Akademgorodok, 50/28, Krasnoyarsk, 660036 Russian Federation
Keywords: интенсивное лесовыращивание, рубки, оптимальная густота, конкуренция, доступный ресурс, область доминирования, intensive forest growing, cuttings, optimal stand density, competition, available resource, dominating area
On permanent sample plots in young, middle-aged and mature, pure pine stands of the same age, the effectiveness of cuttings of different intensities was studied, to ensure intensive forest growing. Existing standards on the intensity of cutting and relative density do not fully provide the optimal parameters of stands after cutting. Meanwhile, the remaining part of the stand determines growth and productivity of the stand formed by the felling. The sample plots have been established in the «Pogorelsky Bor» experimental forest of V. N. Sukachev Institute of Forest SB RAS, territorially entering the Krasnoyarsk island forest-steppe. In the studied stands, the felling led to an increase in current radial increment, which depends on the area of the dominance square ( S OD), which determines the amount of available resources for the tree after felling. Based on the analysis of the dynamics of radial growth and its relationship with the values of S OD for pine forest stands at different age stages and with different density, the optimum value of S OD is determined, which provides forming of trees of the 2-3rd Kraft classes of growth. Optimum values of the OD area were calculated depending on the values of the stem DBH and taking into account the habitat conditions. With a density that is lower than optimal, higher tree growth values can be obtained, but this does not mean achieving the maximum productivity of the stand as a whole. The studies allow, within the framework of the proposed approach, to provide intensive forest growing and formation of the stand structure that ensure the fulfillment of both economic and environmental functions of forests. The obtained data can be used in the development of recommendations for carrying out thinning in pine stands at different age stages of their formation.
The aim of our work was to study seasonal dynamics of the Siberian fir Abies sibirica Ledeb. ectomycorrhizal morpho-anatomical structure, respiration rate and fluorescence. The study was carried out in the bilberry-sphagnum spruce forest in the middle taiga of the Komi Republic, Russia. The morpho-anatomical structure and fluorescence parameters were studied by light and luminescence microscopy. Thin root respiration was studied in intact fine roots in the field using an infrared gas analyzer. 12 subtypes of fungal mantels were revealed in ectomycorrhizal fir roots; their amount and composition demonstrated seasonal dynamic changes. At the beginning vegetation stage, the diversity and proportion of pseudoparenchymatous and double covers were maximal. Plant component of ectomycorrhizae that includes cortical parenchyma and stele had high activity of fluorescence during the entire vegetation period. The dynamics of staining of fungal component (fungal mantel and Hartig net) was more contrasting. The highest fluorescence intensity of cortical parenchyma was found in ectomycorrhizae with maximal fungal mantel thickness. High proportion of tannin cells in cortical parenchyma was related with low intensity of fungal mantel and Hartig net fluorescence. During vegetation season, maximal amount of intensively strained ectomycorrhizal elements occurred in July and unstrained - in June and August. Relation between fine roots respiration and an increase of brightly strained ectomycorrhizal structural elements in fir roots was not statistically significant. Root CO2-emission was lower in May and September in comparison with summer months. For respiration rate of fir fine roots we found its strong positive correlation with the litter temperature.
V. A. Karpin, N. V. Petrov, A. V. Tuyunen
Forest Research Institute of the Karelian Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushkinskaya str. 11, Petrozavodsk, Republic of Karelia, 185910 Russian Federation
Keywords: сукцессия, фрагментация лесного покрова, сценарий освоения, агроландшафт, подсека, succession, forest cover fragmentation, land use scenario, agricultural landscape, slash-and-burn clearing
The process of forest cover regeneration after the cessation of human impact was considered. The study area was situated in the southern part of the Kenozersky National Park, Arkhangelsk Oblast. This area has 500 years of agricultural land use history. The territory features a complete spectrum of land at some point used for agricultural production: from sites currently in active use to fully recovered tree stands aged 120-140 years. The reforestation process was considered separately for each of the following land uses: slash-and-burn, multipurpose small-patch, and arable-grassland types, which differ considerably in impact intensity, duration, and degree of disturbance of the forest environment. The course of forest regeneration successions was found to depend on the type of preceding land use. The time required for the forest communities in slash-and-burn sites to recover to their original state is 120-140 years, and the succession involves the deciduous stage. Multipurpose small-patch use left the forest environment more profoundly modified. Eventually, a majority of these sites are now occupied by more productive, although undistinguishable from the original, coniferous-deciduous stands. Some factors have been detected that may lead to the formation in such sites of low-productivity self-regenerating plant communities dominated by deciduous species, which can persist there for an indefinitely long time unless relevant actions are taken. Arable-grassland land use considerably inhibits the regeneration of the forest cover typical of middle taiga, because there forms a thick sod layer. It was only in some grassland patches, where the impact stopped 5-10 years ago, that coniferous species, namely pine, were successfully regenerating.
a:2:{s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"HTML";s:4:"TEXT";s:150:"L. N. Skripal’shchikova1, T. V. Ponomareva1, E. V. Bazhina1, A. P. Barchenkov1, A. V. Belyanin2";}
a:2:{s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"HTML";s:4:"TEXT";s:295:"1V. N. Sukachev Institute of Forest, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Akademgorodok, 50/28, Krasnoyarsk, 660036 Russian Federation 2Joint Stock Company «RUSAL Krasnoyarsk Aluminium Plant», Pogranichnikov str., 40, Krasnoyarsk, 660111 Russian Federation";}
Keywords: березняки разнотравные, техногенные нагрузки, ассимилирующая масса, антропогенно преобразованные почвы, техногенная пыль, валовой фтор, birch stands of herbaceous type, technogenic loadings, assimilating mass, antropogenically transformed soils, technogenic dust, total fluorine, Krasnoyarsk Krai
Technogenic loadings on stands and soils were established in birch forests of grassy type, of V-VIII age classes in Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe both in buffer zone of Krasnoyarsk city industrial emissions and in background conditions. The study was carried out on monitoring sample plots by established procedures with using certified methods of fluorine concentration determination in leaves and soils in late vegetation season. Quantitative data of technogenic dust accumulation on the surface of birch Betula pendula Roth leaves as well as total fluorine content in assimilating mass were fixed. Technogenic dust accumulation was found to be reduced in comparison with earlier data and that may be connected with decrease of industrial emissions from urban industrial site adjacent to the birch stands. The study of soils in the grassy-type birch stands was new. The soils were characterized as antropogenic-transformed and technogenic-modified because of long-term impact of dusty and gaseous industrial emissions as well as recreational loading. Concentrations of total fluorine in soil horizons were found to be various and characterized as normal, adopted in literature (Tandelov, 2012). The highest concentrations of fluorine were fixed in upper 0-5 cm and lower mineral 10-20 cm soil layers in birch stand of grass-graminea type northeast of the city.
