E. F. Pen1,2, V. V. Shelkovnikov3 1Institute of Automation and Electrometry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Akademika Koptyuga 1, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia 2Novosibirsk State Technical University, pr. Karla Marksa 20, Novosibirsk, 630073 Russia 3Vorozhtsov Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Akademika Lavrent'eva 9, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
Keywords: голография, регистрирующие среды, фотополимерные материалы, отражательные голограммы, дифракционная эффективность, holography, recording media, photopolymer materials, reflection holograms, diffraction efficiency
The relationship of the diffraction efficiencies of volume reflection holograms obtained with the use of double-beam and single-beam recording schemes in absorbing light-sensitive materials is studied theoretically and experimentally. This relationship is demonstrated by an example of a particular photopolymer material.
I. S. Gibin, V. I. Kozik, E. S. Nezhevenko
Institute of Automation and Electrometry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Akademika Koptyuga 1, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
Keywords: стенд для генерации инфракрасных изображений, микрозеркальный модулятор, DLP, DMD-модулятор, эшелетт, порядки спектра дифракционной решётки, device for generation of infrared images, micromirror modulator, DLP, DMD modulator, echelette, orders of the diffraction grating spectrum
An important aspect of the development of specialized test rigs for monitoring and estimating information system parameters is the use of devices for test field generation. Simulation rigs based on micromirror modulators capable of real-time generation of dynamic (tunable) images are considered in the present study. For such modulators to be used in the long-wave infrared range of the spectrum, they are upgraded by means of replacement of usual protective glasses by materials that are transparent in the infrared range up to the wavelength of 14 m. Structural features of the test rigs are considered on the basis of the description of micromirror modulators in the form of echelettes (diffraction gratings with a saw-tooth shape of the grooves. Experimental results are presented. The ability of upgraded modulators to operate within infrared simulation rigs is demonstrated. Such devices offer certain prospects for the development of advanced systems for monitoring and dynamic testing of infrared photodetectors.
V. A. Grechikhin, T. A. Khrennikova
Moscow Power Engineering Institute, 111250, Moscow, ul. Krasnokazarmennaya, 14
Keywords: гомодинный лазерный доплеровский виброметр, индекс модуляции сигнала, нижняя граница дисперсии оценки, homodyne laser Doppler vibrometer, signal modulation index, lower bound of the estimate variance
This paper describes the analysis of the potential accuracy of estimating the signal modulation index of a homodyne laser Doppler vibrometer with frequency modulation and known and unknown non-information parameters of the signal. The Rao - Cramer inequality is used to obtain expressions for calculating the lower boundary of variance of the modulation index estimate and study its relationship with a signal/noise mixture. Recommendations on the choice of conditions for measuring the amplitude of vibro-displacement by the homodyne Doppler laser vibrometer are given.
V. I. Trunov1, K. V. Gubin1, K. A. Ivanova1, A. G. Poleshchuk2, A. G. Sedukhin2, V. V. Cherkashin2 1Institute of Laser Physics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Akadmika Lavrent'eva 13/3, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia 2Institute of Automation and Electrometry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Akademika Koptyuga 1, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
Keywords: газовая струя, сопло Лаваля, датчик Шэка-Гартмана, анализ волнового фронта, gas jet, Laval nozzle, Shack-Hartmann sensor, wavefront analysis
Results of an experimental study of the density distribution in a small-size (1-2 mm in diameter) supersonic gas jet in vacuum are reported. The measurements are performed by the developed Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor, which consists of a microlens array with 100 × 100 elements and a video camera with a resolution of 2048 × 2048 pixels. The reliability of measurements in terms of the space and time resolution, as well as in terms of the minimum levels of phase changes induced by the tested object, is analyzed.
V. I. Bobrinev, M. L. Galkin, M. S. Kovalev, P. I. Malinina, S. B. Odinokov
Bauman Moscow State Technical University, ul. 2-ya Baumanskaya 5, Moscow, 105005
Keywords: компьютерно-синтезированная голограмма, датчик волнового фронта, фазовые искажения, голограмма Френеля, computer-synthesized hologram, wavefront sensor, phase distortion, Fresnel hologram
The possibility of using synthesized Fresnel holograms to determine phase distortions of the wavefront has been studied. The results of computer simulation of the propagation of an elementary signal based on the Fresnel integral transformation are presented. The principle of operation of a hologram for a wavefront sensor is discussed.
A. Azarpour, S. Sharifi, M. Khzaei-Nezhad
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, 9177948974, Iran, Mashhad, Azadi Square, Rasavi Khorasan Province
Keywords: нелинейно-оптические свойства шафрана, Z-сканирование, nonlinear optical properties of saffron, Z-scan
Molecules with strong two-photon absorption have applications in photodynamic therapy and photonic devices. The effect of polarity of the medium and microemulsion on nonlinear optical properties of saffron is studied by the Z-scan technique with a CW laser at the 532 nm wavelength. The values of the nonlinear refractive index and two-photon absorption of saffron are found to increase with a decrease in the medium polarity and with an increase in the droplet size in the microemulsion.
S. N. Atutov1, S. L. Mikerin1,2, A. I. Plekhanov1, A. E. Simanchuk1,2, V. A. Sorokin1, A. V. Yakimanskii3, N. N. Smirnov3, N. A. Valisheva4 1Institute of Automation and Electrometry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090, Novosibirsk, prosp. Akademika Koptyuga, 1 2Vorozhtsov Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090, Novosibirsk, prosp. Akademika Lavrent'eva, 9 3Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 199004, St. Petersburg, V.O., Bolshoi prosp. 31 4Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090, Novosibirsk, prosp. Akademika Lavrent'eva, 13
Keywords: электрооптические полимеры, радиофотоника, электрооптический модулятор, генерация второй гармоники, метод Teng - Man, electro-optical polymers, radiophotonics, electro-optical modulator, second harmonic generation, Teng-Man method
Experimental investigations of nonlinear optical and electro-optical properties of original synthesized chromophore-containing polyimides with a covalently attached dye DR-13 are reported. The data measured by the method of second harmonic generation are compared with the results of direct measurements of the electro-optical response by the Teng-Man method. High temperature stability of the examined polyimides is observed. Methods of creating a planar phase electro-optical modulator with the use of synthesized chromophore-containing polyimides are considered and applied in experiments. The optical and electro-optical characteristics of the modulator are presented.
S. Yu. Bokalo, I. M. Bokashov, D. M. Lyakhov, S. V. Pikulev, A. V. Chernykh
a:2:{s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"TEXT";s:4:"TEXT";s:126:"Research Institute of the “Luch” Research and Production Association, ul. Zheleznodorozhnaya 24, Podolsk 142100, Moscow Region";}
Keywords: адаптивно-оптическая система, атмосферная турбулентность, волновой фронт, метод наименьших квадратов, пропорционально-дифференциальный регулятор, adaptive-optical system, atmospheric turbulence, wavefront, least-squares method, two term controller
A prototype of a key element of adaptive-optical systems - a controlled flat mirror used to correct light beam tilts - was designed. An algorithm for correcting atmospheric distortions of low-intensity light waves and real-time software were developed. In laboratory experiments, a bandwidth of the closed system of 100 Hz was achieved. The efficiency of the developed software was confirmed by daytime observations of stars.
E. S. Zhimuleva, P. S. Zavyalov, M. S. Kravchenko
Technological Design Institute of Scientific Instrument Engineering, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Russkaya 41, Novosibirsk, 630058
Keywords: телецентрический объектив, оптическое конструирование, контроль качества объективов, метод оптической теневой проекции, telecentric objective, optical design, objective quality control, shadow projection optical method
Features of designing objectives telecentric in object space are discussed. The optical circuits of three telecentric objectives developed for dimensional control systems using the shadow projection method are presented. A quality control method for the manufacture of such objectives which have small distortion (less than 0.02 %) and small non-telecentricity (less than 0.01º) is described. Comparison of experimentally obtained optical characteristics of two objectives manufactured by us and one objective manufactured by the Thorlabs company (U.S.) is carried out.
D. D. Ruzhitskaya1,2, A. A. Samoilenko2, A. D. Ivanov2, K. N. Min'kov2,3 1Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1, Moscow, 119991 2All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Optical and Physical Measurements, ul. Ozernaya 46, Moscow, 119361 3Tikhonov Moscow Institute of Electronics and Mathematics, ul. Myasnitskaya 20, Moscow, 101000
Keywords: оптические микрорезонаторы, оптический сенсор, наночастицы, моды «шепчущей галереи», теория адсорбции Ленгмюра, optical microresonators, optical sensor, nanoparticles, whispering gallery modes, Langmuir adsorption theory
This paper presents an algorithm for processing the transmission spectra of optical microcavities with whispering gallery modes for use as a nanoparticle detector. The algorithm is based on the broadening of the microresonator resonance curve by precipitation of nanoparticles on the microresonator surface. Experimental results on the detection of particles are compared with Langmuir adsorption theory. The contribution of the instability of the excitation radiation source caused by temperature drift of the resonant frequency to the measurement error is estimated.
M. M. Mordasov, A. P. Savenkov, M. E. Safonova, V. A. Sychev
Tambov State Technical University, ul. Sovetskaya 106, Tambov, 392000
Keywords: триангуляционные системы, зеркальные поверхности, геометрические параметры, погрешность сигнализации расстояния, triangulation systems, mirror surfaces, geometric parameters, distance signaling error
Metrological analysis of triangulation laser sensors for detecting distances to specular surfaces was performed. Theoretical and experimental studies have established that the measuring range distance depends on the angle of incidence of the laser beam, and the main factor that affects the measurement accuracy is the rotation of the sensor in the plane of incidence. A design of a non-contact detector of the distance to a liquid surface is proposed which provides signaling upon reaching a predetermined value. An overview of triangulation measurement systems is given.
S. M. Borzov1, O. I. Potaturkin1,2 1Institute of Automation and Electrometry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090, Novosibirsk, prosp. Akademika Koptyuga, 1 2Novosibirsk State University, 630090, Novosibirsk, ul. Pirogova, 2
Keywords: дистанционное зондирование Земли, гиперспектральные изображения, классификация типов поверхностей, спектральные и пространственные признаки, remote sensing, hyperspectral image, classification of surface types, spectral and spatial features
Subsection: ANALYSIS AND SYNTHESIS OF SIGNALS AND IMAGES
The efficiency of the methods of controlled spectral and spectral-spatial classification of vegetation types on the basis of hyperspectral pictures with different methods of training set formation is evaluated. The dependence of the classification accuracy on the number of spectral features is considered. It is shown that simultaneous allowance for spatial and spectral features ensures high-quality classification of similarly looking types of vegetation by merely using training sets with the maximum degree of the pixel distribution over the image.
I. V. Bychkov1, G. A. Oparin1, A. N. Chernykh2, A. G. Feoktistov1, S. A. Gorskii1, R. Rivera-Rodriguez2 1Matrosov Institute for System Dynamics and Control Theory, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 664033, Russia, Irkutsk, ul. Lermontova, 134, postbox 29 2Centro de investigación Cientifica y de educatión Superior de Ensenada, Baja California, 22860, Mexico, Ensenada, Ensenada-Tijuana Highway, 3918, postbox 360
Keywords: распределённые вычисления, масштабируемое приложение, многоэкстремальные функции, distributed computations, scalable application, multiextremal functions
Subsection: ANALYSIS AND SYNTHESIS OF SIGNALS AND IMAGES
This paper describes the urgent task of providing scalability of calculations in the solution of multiextremal problems arising in different branches of scientific studies, including image processing. There is an approach proposed for the development of the Gradient scalable application for the solution of the problem of global optimization of multiextremal functions with account for a multistart method in the Orlando instrumental complex. An additional step of calculations is implemented in the solution of the problem, which makes it possible to decompose the problem with account for the performance of computational resources and thereby minimize the time it takes to solve it as opposed to a classical multistart method. Special agents of the metamonitoring system for measuring the performance of resource with regard to the problem solved.
E. L. Kuleshov, K. A. Petrov, T. S. Kirillova, R. A. Khaliullin
Far Eastern Federal University, 690950, Vladivostok, ul. Sukhanov, 8
Keywords: критерий согласия, интервальная оценка, закон распределения вероятностей, уровень значимости, goodness-of-fit test, interval estimate, probability distribution law, significance level
Subsection: ANALYSIS AND SYNTHESIS OF SIGNALS AND IMAGES
This paper describes the goodness-of-fit test based on binomial probability distribution, which reduces to a sequence of two-sided hypothesis test for the value of the probability distribution function with different values of its argument. It is shown that each element of this sequence is unbiased locally by the most powerful test. This paper proposes an algorithm for calculating the significance level, free of probability distributions. The quality of this criterion is tested by numerical modeling.
N. A. Vunder, M. M. Sinetova, A. V. Ushakov
Saint Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics, 197101, St. Petersburg, prosp. Kronverskii, 49
Keywords: непрерывный объект управления, звено чистого запаздывания, последовательный компенсатор, схема Смита, псевдокомпенсация, алгоритм синтеза, continuous control object, link of pure lag, sequential compensator, Smith scheme, pseudo-compensation, synthesis algorithm
Subsection: ANALYSIS AND SYNTHESIS OF SIGNALS AND IMAGES
The Smith scheme of inclusion of a sequential compensator into a direct branch of a projected system for the analysis of the quality of processes in steady state is under consideration. This scheme is an effective way of solving the problem of providing the system with a required reserve of stability by removing the link of pure delay beyond a closed loop. The effect of delay is only manifested in the fact that the duration of the transient process increases by an amount of delay without changing the overshoot. It is determined that the velocity quality factor of the system with the Smith scheme of inclusion of a sequential compensator cannot theoretically be larger than the reciprocal of the delay. This paper demonstrates the possibility of reducing this negative property of the Smith scheme of inclusion of a sequential compensator by “pseudocompensation” of lag with differentiating links.
S. Yu. Borovik, M. M. Kuteynikova, Yu. N. Sekisov, O. P. Skobelev
Institute for the Control of Complex Systems, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Sadovaya 61, Samara 443020
Keywords: турбина, лопатки сложной формы, одновитковый вихретоковый датчик, радиальные и осевые смещения, способы устранения влияния температуры на датчик, turbine, complex-shaped blades, single-coil eddy current sensor, radial and axial displacements, methods of eliminating the influence of temperature on sensor
Subsection: AUTOMATION SYSTEMS IN SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY
The results of a simplified analysis of a differential measuring circuit with pulsed supply of the single-coil eddy current sensors connected to the circuit, with approximate differentiation of the currents, and with an output ADC. The circuit is designed as part of automation systems for tests of gas turbine engines. Methods for eliminating the effect of temperature on the sensors using the hardware and software of the measurement system are considered. A The families of transformation functions (dependences of the code on the desired radial and axial displacements) for the normal and nominal temperatures were determined using a model of the measuring circuit, and the differences of these families were used to determine the family of functions of temperature influence on code changes, which characterize possible errors. Quantitative estimates of the maximum values of the influence functions are given which confirm the efficiency of the proposed methods.
The results of the numerical modeling of a flow with a pseudo-shock in an axisymmetric duct are presented. The duct included a frontal inlet with the initial funnel-shaped compression part and the cylindrical throat part as well as the subsequent expanding diffuser. To create a flow with a pseudo-shock, the duct was throttled with the use of the outlet converging insert. Numerical computations of the axisymmetric flow have been conducted on the basis of the solution of the Reynolds-averaged NavierStokes equations and with the use of the k-ω SST turbulence model. As a result of computations, such parameters of the flow were determined as the location of the beginning of the pseudo-shock, the length of its supersonic part, the velocity profiles in different cross sections of the pseudo-shock, the pressure distribution on the duct wall, the total pressure recovery factor, and others. The behavior of these parameters at the freestream Mach number М = 6 was analyzed versus the diffuser opening angle and different degree of the inlet duct throttling.
Experimental data on the
flow structure and mass transfer near the boundaries of the region existence of
the laminar and turbulent boundary layers with combustion are considered.
These data include the results of investigation on reacting flow stability at
mixed convection, mass transfer during ethanol evaporation “on the floor” and
“on the ceiling”, when the flame surface curves to form the large-scale
cellular structures. It is shown with the help of the PIV equipment that
when Rayleigh–Taylor instability manifests, the mushroom-like structures are
formed, where the motion from the flame front to the wall and back alternates.
The cellular flame exists in a narrow range of velocities from 0.55 to 0.65
m/s, and mass transfer is three times higher than its level in the standard
laminar boundary layer.
The study is devoted to the establishment of regularities in the process
of liquid-droplet breakup in the vortex wake behind pylon at high subsonic
airspeeds. The article describes the laboratory setup, the diagnostic tools, and the experimental procedure. Structure
of the unsteady gas flow behind pylon was examined, and the main
characteristics of the generated vortex wake were evaluated.
Experimental data concerning the variation of droplet diameters in the
gas-dynamic fractionation process versus the flow conditions and liquid
injection regimes were obtained. Typical distributions of droplet diameters and
velocities in the vortex wake behind pylon are reported. A comparison of
experimental data on the rate of the gas-dynamic fractionation process with
calculations made using previously developed evaluation procedures was
performed. The results of the study may prove useful when choosing the
configuration of systems for implementation of liquid injection into a
high-speed flow and, also, for validation of mathematical models intended for
calculation of parameters of two-phase flows.
The paper presents the results of an experimental study of dynamics of vapor bubble growth and departure at pool boiling, obtained with the use of high-speed video recording and IR thermography. The study was carried out at saturated water boiling under the atmospheric pressure in the range of heat fluxes of 30-150 kW/m2. To visualize the process and determine the
growth rates of the outer bubble diameter, microlayer region and dry spot area,
transparent thin film heater with the thickness of 1 μm deposited on sapphire substrate was used in the experiments, and video
recording was performed from the bottom side of the heating surface. To study
integral heat transfer as well as local non-stationary thermal characteristics,
high-speed infrared thermography with a frequency of up to 1000 FPS was used.
High-speed video recording showed that after formation of vapor bubble and
microlayer region, dry spot appears in a short time (up to 1 ms) under the
vapor bubble. Various stages of contact line boundary propagation were observed.
It was shown that at the initial stage before the development of small-scale
perturbations, the dry spot propagation rate is constant. It was also showed
that the bubble departure stage begins after complete evaporation of liquid
in the microlayer region.
Submerged jets
propagating under stable hydrate conditions and flow environment are
considered. An integral Lagrangian control volume method is developed for
calculating the jet parameters: the trajectory, radius, temperature, density,
and volumetric content of jet components. The impact of two extreme schemes of
hydrate formation on the jet parameters is identified. The impact of the
initial value of the gas flow rate on the jet temperature is investigated.
The paper considers the process of injection of hydrate-forming gas (methane) into a snowy agglomerate (initially saturated with methane). The self-similar problem statement demonstrates that if the warm gas (Te > 0 °C) is injected under a high pressure (pe > p*, where the critical values are found from the initial temperature T0, pressure p0, volumetric snow saturation S, and permeability of snow) into the filtration zone with phase transition,
this produces four characteristic zones: the nearest zone with all snow
transformed into hydrate, therefore, the aggregate filled only with gas and
hydrate, the two intermediate zones where gas, snow or water and hydrate are in
phase equilibrium state, and the distant zone filled only with gas and
snow. The obtained analytical and numerical solutions give an analysis
of the influence of key input parameters like initial state of the aggregate,
gas injection rate, and its temperature, on the structure and the length
of four filtration zones.
A
mathematical model for calculating the distribution of temperature and the
dynamics of the phase transformations of water in multilayer systems on
permafrost-zone surface is proposed. The model allows one to perform
calculations in the annual cycle, taking into account the distribution of
temperature on the surface in warm and cold seasons. A system involving four
layers, a snow or land cover, a top layer of soil, a layer of
thermal-insulation material, and a mineral soil, is analyzed. The
calculations by the model allow one to choose the optimal thickness and composition
of the layers which would ensure the stability of structures built on the
permafrost-zone surface.
The paper describes a problem of accumulation of irradiated graphite due to operation of uranium-graphite nuclear reactors. The main noncarbon contaminants that contribute to the overall activity of graphite elements are iso-topes 137Cs, 60Co, 90Sr, 36Cl, and 3H. A method was developed for processing of irradiated graphite ensuring the volumetric decontamination of samples. The calculation results are presented for equilibrium composition of plasma-chemical reactions in systems “irradiated graphite-argon” and “irradiated graphite-helium” for a wide range of temperatures. The paper describes a developed mathematical model for the process of purification of a porous graphite surface treated by equilibrium low-temperature plasma. The simulation results are presented for the rate of sublimation of radioactive contaminants as a function of plasma temperature and plasma flow velocity when different plasma-forming gases are used. The extraction coefficient for the contaminant 137Cs from the outer side of
graphite pores was calculated. The calculations demonstrated the advantages of
using a lighter plasma forming gas, i.e., helium.
This article investigates the
thermal performance of convective-radiative annular fins with a step reduction
in local cross section (SRC). The thermal conductivity of the fin’s
material is assumed to be a linear function of temperature, and heat transfer
coefficient is assumed to be a power-law function of surface temperature. Moreover, non-zero convection and radiation sink temperatures are included in the
mathematical model of the energy equation. The well-known
differential transformation method (DTM) is used to derive the analytical
solution. An exact analytical solution for a special case is derived to prove
the validity of the obtained results from the DTM. The model provided here is a more realistic
representation of SRC annular fins in actual engineering practices. Effects of many parameters such as conduction-convection parameters,
conduction-radiation parameter and sink temperature, and also some parameters which deal with step fins such as
thickness parameter and dimensionless
parameter describing the position of
junction in the fin on the temperature
distribution of both thin and thick sections of the fin are investigated. It is
believed that the obtained results will facilitate the design and performance
evaluation of SRC annular fins.
A method for determining
the thermodynamic (true) temperature of opaque materials by the registered
spectrum of thermal radiation under the conditions when we do not know
emissivity of a free-radiating body is presented. A special function,
which is a product of relative emissivity of tungsten by the radiation
wavelength, was used as the input data. The accuracy of results is analyzed. It
is shown that when using relative emissivity, the proposed algorithm can be
used both within the range of applicability of the Wien approximation and the
Planck formula.
The optical properties
(absorptance, transmittance, and reflectance) of a spherical particle are
analyzed when its diameter is much larger than the wavelength of monochromatic
radiation. To do this, previously obtained solution of the integral equation of
monochromatic radiation is used. The agreement of calculations with
experimental data obtained for leucosapphire is shown.
The
control simultaneous action of a jet and near-wall energy sources on the
shockwave structure of a superso-nic flow in the axisymmetric and planar ducts
is studied for the purpose of creating a transonic region. The regimes with an
extended transonic region are obtained.
February 11, 2018 is the
date of the 60th anniversary of a brilliant scientist in the field of
multiphase media physics and a specialist in cold gas spraying, Professor
Vladimir F. Kosarev.
V. N. OPARIN1, V. V. ADUSHKIN1,2, T. A. KIRYAEVA1, V. P. POTAPOV1,3, A. A. CHEREPOV4, V. G. TYUKHRIN4, A. V. GLUMOV5
a:2:{s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"HTML";s:4:"TEXT";s:521:"1Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnyi pr. 54, Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia 2Institute of Geosphere Dynamics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 38, Moscow, 119334 Russia 3Institute of Computational Technologies, ul. Rukavishnikova 21, Kemerovo 650025 Russia 4Raspadskaya Coal Company, pr. Kurako 33, Novokuznetsk, 654006 Russia 5Alarda Mine, ul. Ugol’naya 56, Malinovka, Kemerovo Region, 652831 Russia";}
Keywords: волны маятникового типа, квазиметровый скоростной диапазон, землетрясения, поршневой механизм, газодинамическая активность, Кузбасс, угольный разрез Калтанский, шахты “Алардинская”, “Осинниковская”, pendulum waves, quasi-metric velocity range, earthquake, piston mechanism, gas dynamic activity, Kuzbass, Kaltan open pit mine, Alarda Mine, Osinniki Mine
In the framework of the theory of interaction between nonlinear geomechanical and physicochemical processes in coal seams under mining and based on the piston mechanism of gas dynamic processes, it has experimentally been proved that nonlinear quasi-metric elastic pendulum waves from natural and induced earthquakes have influence on gas-dynamics in mines in Kuzbass. The objects selected to identify the interrelationship were the large earthquakes occurred in Kuzbass on November 9, 2016 (magnitudes 2.7 and 3.7) and the records of the quake-induced gas dynamic activity in Alarda and Osinniki Mines.
a:2:{s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"HTML";s:4:"TEXT";s:140:"G. G. KOCHARYAN1, S. R. ZOLOTUKHIN2, E. V. KALININ3, L. L. PANAS’YAN3, V. G. SPUNGIN1";} 1Institute of Geosphere Dynamics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 38, Bld. 1, Moscow, 119334 Russia 2KMAruda, ul. Artema 2, Gubkin, Belgorod Region, 309510 Russia 3Lomonosov Moscow State Mining University, Leninskie gory 1, Moscow, 119991 Russia
Keywords: массив горных пород, зоны разломов, подземная разработка, железорудное месторождение, литостатические напряжения, аналитические расчеты, натурные измерения, rock mass, fractured zone, underground mining, iron ore deposit, lithostatic stresses, analytical calculations, in-situ measurements
The actual lithostatic stresses are calculated with regard to physical characteristics and structural features of rock mass. The results are compared with the in-situ observations. It is shown that vertical stresses naturally grow with depth though their values are very different along horizontal cross sections due to the complex structure of rock mass. On the average, the vertical stresses are close in values to the lithostatic stresses. The horizontal stresses measured by the borehole slotter method are many times higher than their calculated values, which is governed by the nonunform properties of rocks or is reflective of tectonic compression.
P. V. NIKOLENKO1, V. L. SHKURATNIK1, M. D. CHEPUR1, A. E. KOSHELEV2 1National University of Science and Technology, Leninskii pr. 4, Moscow, 119049 Russia 2GAZPROM Geotechnology, ul. Stroitelei 8, Bld. 1, Moscow, 119311 Russia
Keywords: массив горных пород, измерения и контроль, напряженное состояние, композиционные материалы, акустическая эмиссия, эффект памяти, rock mass, measurement and control, stress state, composite material, acoustic emission, stress memory effect
Stress memory in consolidating composites in acoustic emission is studied experimentally to understand feasibility of its application in stress state control in rock mass. The tests show that, owing to uniformity and comparatively high responsiveness of acoustic emission behavior under straining, composite materials, when placed in a geomedium, allow highly accurate identification of tensor of actual stresses in it.
V. E. MIRENKOV
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnyi pr. 54, Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
Keywords: выработка, характерный размер, вес пород, напряжения, смещения, феноменологическая теория, разрушение, underground tunnel, size, tock mass weight, stress, displacement, phenomenological theory, failure
The classical method to calculate stress state of rock mass disregards the own weight of rocks, i.e. this is a static approach. This article suggests accounting for the own weight of rock mass during formation of a void in it, which is a kinematic approach. In case of similar underground openings differing only is size, the static calculation yields the same stresses below the limiting values, and, theoretically, failure is absent in both cases. The phenomenological theory presented in the article makes it possible to take into account the own weight of rocks in calculations of rock mass deformation around an underground tunnel, and the kinematic supplement shows that, all other conditions being equal, the probability of failure grows with the size of the tunnel.
YU. G. FEKLISTOV, A. D. GOLOTVIN
Institute of Mining, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Mamina-Sibiryaka 58, Yekaterinburg, 620075 Russia
Keywords: подготовительные выработки, краевые части, влияющий пласт, целики, горное давление, области повышенного давления, development drifts, edge, influencing sheet, pillar, rock pressure, higher pressure zones
The data of experimental and analytical studies into the state of development drifts under edges of gently dipping sedimentary sheet-like ore bodies are presented. The stresses in rock mass under the edges of the sheets are determined. The drift state criterion was assumed the ratio of the maximal compressive stresses at boundary of a reference circular cross section tunnel in an elastic medium and at the boundary of the tunnel under the hydrostatic stress field. The results of the instrumental and visual observations in mines as well as the data of equivalent material modeling and analytical solutions agree.
a:2:{s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"HTML";s:4:"TEXT";s:112:"D. N. ALYMENKO1, V. A. SOLOV’EV1,2, V. N. APTUKOV1,3, E. K. KOTLYAR4";}
a:2:{s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"HTML";s:4:"TEXT";s:326:"1Galurgia, ul. Sibirskaya 94, Perm, 614002 Russia 2Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Komsomol’skii pr. 29, Perm, 614990 Russia 3Perm State National Research University, ul. Bukireva 15, Perm, 614990 Russia 4URALKALI, ul. Pyatiletki 63, Berezniki, 618426 Russia";}
Keywords: соляные породы, сопряжения шахтных стволов, податливая крепь, математическое моделирование, salt rocks, mine shaft juncture, yielding support, mathematical simulation
Alternative systems of support for junctures of mine shafts and underground excavations in salt rock mass include monolithic concrete lining, concrete lining with a yielding layer and supplementary reinforcement. It is shown that traditional non-yielding concrete lining needs periodical basic repair every 5-10 years during operating life. An increase in the thickness of such support is not a guarantee of repair-free operation. It is proved to be expedient to support junctures with mine shafts with reinforcement systems of rock bolts or frames with yielding elements. This conclusion is based on the data of instrumental monitoring of adjacent rock mass and on the results of ANSYS-based simulation of evolution of stress state and damaged rock zones in time.
V. N. TYUPIN1, V. N. ANISIMOV2 1Belgorod State University, ul. Pobedy 85, Belgorod, 308015 Russia 2Institute of Geosphere Dynamics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 38, Bld. 1, Moscow, 119334 Russia
Keywords: горные работы, направление отбойки, пространственное положение элементов массива, ось шарнира складки, ядро, крыло складки, антиклинальные, синклинальные складки, направление слоистости, угол падения, регулируемый грансостав, выход негабарита, mining, blasting direction, three-dimensional position, rock mass elements, fold hinge pin, core, shank, anticline, syncline, schistosity orientation, dip angle, controlled grain size composition, oversize yield
Subsection: ROCK FAILURE
In terms of the complex-structure ferruginous quartzite ore body mining in the Kursk Magnetic Anomaly, the authors validate the requirement to account for anisotropy of rocks with a view to improving performance of preparatory and blasting operations, stabilizing grain size composition, reducing production of oversizes, saving energy input of milling, enhancing useful component extraction into concentrate and decreasing losses with regard to the sound subsoil management conditions. The effect of the first to third order anisotropy on the quality of blasting fragmentation of ferruginous quartzite is analyzed. The theoretical formulas to calculate radius of controlled fragmentation zone as function of geological and geophysical characteristics of rock mass are presented, and the practical results of blasting at open pit mines in the Kursk Magnetic Anomaly area are described.
V. V. TIMONIN, S. E. ALEKSEEV, V. N. KARPOV, E. M. CHERNIENKOV
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnyi pr. 54, Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
Keywords: бурение, скважина, обсадка, пневмоударник, себестоимость, скорость бурения, буровое долото, производительность, drilling, well, casing, air drill hammer, cost, penetration rate, drill bit, capacity
Water well drilling-with-casing equipment is described in the article. Construction diagrams and field test results of series-production and new drilling-with-casing DTH hammers possessing higher impact energy are analyzed. The economic study of water well drilling cost in geological conditions of the Republic of Altai is performed.
B. F. SIMONOV1, A. O. KORDUBAILO1, V. YU. NEIMAN2, A. E. POLISHCHUK1 1Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnyi pr. 54, Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia 2Novosibirsk State Technical University, pr. Karla Marksa 20, Novosibirsk, 630073 Russia
Keywords: скважинный виброисточник, электромагнитный двигатель ударного действия, энергия и частота ударов, механическая мощность, downhole vibration generator, percussive-action electromagnetic motor, blow energy and frequency, mechanical pow
The experimental research of processes running in a linear pulse electromagnetic motor of a downhole vibration generator is described. Based on the research findings, the authors offer design requirements and make recommendations on basic geometrical proportions of the equipment.
a:2:{s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"TEXT";s:4:"TEXT";s:28:"A. A. ORDIN, A. M. NIKOL’SKY";}
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnyi pr. 54, Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
Keywords: шахта, очистной комбайн, шнек, ширина захвата, оптимизация, производительность, скорость подачи, частота вращения, тангенциальные резцы, фракционный состав угля, mine, shearer, drum, cutting width, optimization, capacity, feed, rotation speed, tangential picks, fractional composition
The authors formulate and solve the problem connected with the optimization of cutting width of a drum shearer based on the maximum capacity criterion with regard to physical properties and fractional composition of coal. Aimed at calculating drum shearer feed and capacity as function of cutting width, it is proposed to use shearing stress and contortion of beds instead of cutting resistance of rocks. It is found that in order to improve coal sizing and reduce methane release in longwall face, as well as for the uniform distribution of loads on picks, the picks should be arranged on the drum at unequal spacing in accord with the exponential law.
G. G. SAKANTSEV1, V. I. CHESKIDOV2, I. V. ZYRYANOV3, A. N. AKISHEV3 1Institute of Mining, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Mamina-Sibiryaka 58, Yekaterinburg, 620075 Russia 2Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnyi pr. 54, Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia 3Yakutniproalmaz Institute, ALROSA, ul. Lenina 39, Mirny, Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), 678174 Russia
Keywords: глубокие карьеры, уклон вскрывающих выработок, дополнительный разнос бортов, переходные процессы, дисконтированные затраты, deep open pit mines, access road slope, extra pit wall expansion, transition processes, discounted cost
It is found that the slope of access roads influences expansion of nonmining pit walls in order to arrange these roads. Aiming to determine extra expansion of nonmining pit walls, the quick and accurate analytical method is developed. It is proved that the increase of the slope of access roads to the maximum possible values (20-24%) enables reduction in stripping by 20-40 % in deep open pit mines. The mining efficiency in case of steep slopes, aside from extra expansion of nonmining pit walls, is also influenced by the depth of transition to such slopes and the transportation capacity of the access roads depending on distribution of mining operations along the depth of an open pit mine. It is demonstrated that it is most reasonable to gradually increase the slope of access roads with the mining depth, starting from the initial value (8%) and up to the maximum governed by technical requirements and operating conditions.
