Home – Home – Jornals – Russian Geology and Geophysics 2018 number 4

The basement surface and sediments of the Kochkor basin have been studied by structural geological and geophysical methods. The work included high-resolution mapping of the southern basin margin, with a focus on Cenozoic basin stratigraphy, structural unconformities, basement/sediment contacts, and latest deformation (folds, fractures, and faults). Magnetotelluric (MT) soundings provided insights into basin and basement structure, especially important in the poorly exposed eastern flank of the basin margin. The sections across the southern margin of the basin based on geological and geophysical data reveal deformation in both the basement and the sediments. Deformation in sediments shows up as folding, conformal peneplain surfaces, large faults, low-angle detachment faults, and related thrust-fold belts. Thrusting in sediments is inferred to result from cataclastic flow and mass redistribution in disintegrated basement granites. With this mechanism, the total amount of thrusting in the central part of the basin can exceed the convergence of the basin sides.

Paleoseismological studies confirm that the Uimon basin is thrust by its northern mountain border over the sediments along the active South Terekta fault. The latest motion along the fault in the 7-8th centuries AD induced an earthquake with a magnitude of Mw = 7.4-7.7 and a shaking intensity of I = 9-11 on the MSK-64 scale. The same fault generated another event ( M ≥ 7, I = 9-10), possibly, at ~16 ka, which triggered gravity sliding. The rockslide dammed the Uimon valley and produced a lake, where lacustrine deposition began at ~14 ± 1 ka, and a later M ≥ 7 ( I = 9-10) earthquake at ~6 ka caused the dam collapse and the lake drainage. Traces of much older earthquakes that occurred within the Uimon basin are detectable from secondary deformation structures (seismites) in soft sediments deposited during the drainage of a Late Pleistocene ice-dammed lake between 100 and 90 ka and in ~77 ka alluvium. The magnitude and intensity of these paleoearthquakes were at least M ≥ 5.0-5.5 and I ≥ 6-7.

Geochemistry of chlorine and fluorine in apatites, micas, and amphiboles in rocks from eight intrusive complexes of the Siberian Platform has been first studied on the basis of new factual and analytical data (more than 1000 analyses). The main attention is focused on minerals from layered intrusions. Most apatites show F > Cl; the maximum contents of halogens are specific to chlorapatite (6.97 wt.% Cl) and fluorapatite (6.04 wt.% F). The total f value (f = Fe/(Fe + Mg), at.%) of femic minerals varies from 2 to 98 at.% in micas and from 22 to 95 at.% in amphiboles. The Cl-f and F-f trends show an increase in the Cl content and a decrease in the F content in the minerals with increasing f. Chlorine clearly exhibits ferrophilic properties, and fluorine has magnesiophilic properties. The halogen-richest minerals are fluorophlogopite (F = 7.06 wt.%, f = 7 at.%), chlorannite (Cl = 6.30 wt.%, f = 89 at.%), and chloroferrihastingsite (Cl = 5.22 wt.%, f = 90 at.%). Coexisting micas and amphiboles in the rocks are close in f value, but the micas are richer in Cl than the amphiboles. We assume that the halogen-containing minerals crystallized at the high pressure of halogen-hydrocarbon fluids at the levels of the MW, IW, and QIF buffers. The reducing conditions of the magmatism process are also evidenced by the presence of graphite and native metals in the rocks. The similarity of the Cl-f and F-f trends of micas and amphiboles from different intrusive complexes indicates the same mechanisms of the melt differentiation and mineral crystallization.

The Tazheran lakes are located compactly in the small Tazheran steppe area. Their bottom sediments are predominantly various calcite-dolomite carbonates, and their waters are rich in uranium. The studies have shown that the main process in these lakes is chemogenic carbonate precipitation with the participation of carbon dioxide formed through the bacterial destruction of organic matter. For thermodynamic modeling of the composition of bottom sediments, we chose two lakes with different basic parameters. Calculations were made for the 15-component heterogeneous system H2O-Na-Ca-Mg-K-Sr-Ba-Si-Al-Cl-C-S-Fe-U-Mn including particles in the solution, minerals, and gases at 25ºC and 1 bar. As starting information, we used the obtained analytical data on the natural composition of waters and bottom sediments. The results show that calcite-dolomite carbonates are predominant in the bottom sediments and the destruction of organic matter results in reducing conditions. This confirms the hypothesis of the formation of mineral phases of U(IV) during diagenetic processes in the bottom sediments of the studied lakes.

A detailed analysis of organic matter from the Oxfordian-Lower Valanginian interval of the Nordvik section (Anabar Bay) allows the definition of three geochemical horizons (terpane, diasterene, and hopane), which are characterized by specific geochemical compounds and their ratios. These horizons are correlated with several stages in the evolution associated with ecological and geochemical changes in sea paleobasin. Our study shows a good correlation among the variation in many geochemical parameters, the composition of microfossil assemblages, and the transgressive-regressive phases of the paleobasin evolution. Moderately shallow-water facies was reconstructed using micropaleontological, palynological, and lithological data from the upper and lower parts of the section, where the terpane and hopane horizons were identified. Both horizons are characterized by a general dominance of hopanes over other polycyclic biomarkers and the presence of compounds with the biological configuration and organic matter of mixed terrestrial-marine origin, including the presence of benzohopanes and retene, an indicator of the conifer resins. This is also reflected in the composition of palynological assemblages, which are dominated by terrestrial palynomorphs, with rare conifer pollen grains. Relatively deep-water facies were identified in the middle part of the section (diasterene horizon). A distinctive geochemical feature of this interval is high relative abundances of diasterenes and 4-methyldiasterenes. The lower subhorizon is characterized by the highest values of the pristane/ n -C₁₇ ratio and relatively light ¹³C values of noncarbonate carbon. The aromatic fractions have anomalously high concentrations of methyltrimethyltridecylchromans (MTTCs), which are interpreted to be derived mostly from chlorophyll of prasinophytes. The terpenoid distribution is marked by the presence of neohop-13(18)-enes, which probably originated from the activity of methanotrophic bacteria. The above geochemical parameters indicate high photic zone productivity (which is confirmed by the composition of palynological assemblages with abundant dinocysts and prasinophytes) that favored the accumulation of organic matter in dysaerobic conditions, which periodically occurred in the bottom of paleobasin. The alternation of dysaerobic and low-oxic bottom water conditions is easily reconstructed from the analysis of microbenthic communities. The analysis of biogeochemical, micropaleontological, paleontological, and palynological data on the Upper Volgian-lowermost Boreal Berriasian organic-rich shales revealed a very good source rock potential for this part of the section, as indicated by relatively high concentrations of organic matter of mixed bacterial-algal genesis and stagnant conditions during deposition and diagenesis. However, this potential was not realized because of the extremely mild thermobaric conditions that existed within the Mesozoic strata of the present-day Anabar Bay. At the same time, our results and analysis of the available data allow an optimistic assessment of the hydrocarbon potential of Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous deposits on the Laptev Sea shelf.

Fractures and vugs were used as the primary dolomite reservoir space in the study area, which improved the reservoir’s physical properties and influenced the distribution pattern of oil and water that were developed in the Upper Tenger Formation, Lower Cretaceous, Baiyinchagan sag, Erlian Basin. Based on the core observation data, thin slice analysis, and image logging, the cave-fractured reservoir was primarily developed in the actic region near the side of a depositional fault. Tectonic and diagenetic fractures were the primary types of fractures. High-angle tectonic fractures in the closure and open status were developed well in dolomitic mudstone, while a low-angle fracture and reticulate fractures were developed in the tectonic-hydrothermal hybrid process and were filled with hydrothermal minerals. The reservoir was located in low-lying land; therefore, detrital grain pressolution fractures were formed by burial diagenesis. Intergranular and intrangranular dissolved pores, which were formed by hydrothermal activity, were developed primarily in the highly dolomite lithology. According to the diagenesis temperature of dolomite from a carbon-oxygen isotope analysis, multiple hydrothermal fluid injection events occurred, and dolomitization ensued before massive hydrocarbon migration. The dissolution of organic acids formed by hydrocarbon charges after dolomitization and inorganic acid produced by burial diagenesis for soluble minerals effectively promoted the reservoir properties. Strong heterogeneity due to lithology and fracture-vug systems led to intricate oil-water relationships. Four statuses occurred, including cave-fracture oil, isolated oil, stored oil, isolated water, and stored water. The oil-water distribution patterns were established based on the core observation.

The vibrational-rotational absorption spectrum of water vapor was recorded and analyzed in the visible region from 19480 to 20500 cm^-1. The measurements were carried out at the IFS-125M Fourier spectrometer with a resolution of 0.05 cm^-1 at a pressure of 26.3 mbar, a temperature of (24±1) ^oC at an optical path 24 m long. We used a multipass White cell with a base length of 60 cm. The light-emitting diode was used as the radiation source. The signal-to-noise ratio was about 20000. As a result of the spectrum analysis, a list of more than 420 lines has been formed, which includes line centers and intensity and quantum vibrational-rotational identification. More than 220 vibrational-rotational energy levels of 21 upper vibrational states have been determined.

The dependence of the intermolecular interaction potentials for the H₂O-Ne, H₂O-Kr, and H₂O-Xe systems on the vibrational quantum numbers of H₂O molecule is derived. The broadening coefficients γ are calculated for seven vibrational bands ν₁, ν₂, ν₃, 2ν₂, ν₁ + ν₂, ν₂ + ν₃, and ν₁ + ν₂ + ν₃ of H₂O molecule from the region 640-9888 cm^-1. The analytical formula are suggested for the calculated broadening coefficients γ at T = 296 K. It is shown that the excitation of stretching modes of the vibrations in H₂O molecule increases the broadening coefficients γ. The influence of the bending vibrations on γ is insignificant.

The ν₂ band is analyzed on the basis of the combination difference method. The high resolution FTIR spectrum of the SO₂ molecule in the region 400-700 cm^-1 is used for the analysis. More than 4500 lines with the maximum values of the quantum numbers J and K_a equal to 96 and 25, respectively, are interpreted. On this basis, 1294 vibrational-rotational energy levels of the state (010) are determined. As a result of solution of the inverse spectroscopic problem with these levels, 32 effective Hamiltonian parameters are obtained, which allow us to reproduce the initial experimental data with the accuracy d_rms = 1.9 ( 10^-4 сm^-1.

Main regularities of the formation of lidar returns in sensing of water depth comprising pelagic fish schools are determined by the Monte Carlo method. Based on the analysis of the results of statistical simulation of depth profiles of lidar signal power and depolarization, a method of polarization laser sensing for sea fish school detection is suggested using the depth profiles of lidar return signal power and depolarization and the natural threshold - the sea water extinction coefficient measured with the lidar.

Variability of the profiles of bioluminescent lighting and chlorophyll  a concentration along the coastal zone of the Crimea and its causes are analyzed using the data of two expeditions and satellite data. It is shown that the bioluminescent lighting and chlorophyll  a concentration are minimal in a vicinity of the deep-sea cyclonic eddy, where the upwelling occurred and the upper mixed layer depth was as small as 20 m. Minima of bioluminescent lighting and chlorophyll  a concentration were observed in the shallow area which is rich in biota.

The verification of the results of WRF-CHEM model simulation of anthropogenic emission distributions over Norilsk industrial zone using airborne sounding data for August 2004 is carried out. The study showed that the selected configuration of the WRF-CHEM v3.5.1 model adequately reproduces the meteorological parameters measured during the campaign of 2004. The simulated distributions of the concentrations of sulphur dioxide and ozone and mass concentration of aerosol qualitatively reproduce the distributions obtained during the airborne sounding. Quantitative estimates show that the standard errors for sulphur dioxide, the mass concentration of aerosol PM_2.5, and ozone calculated for three flights are 23 ppb, 2.6 (g/m³, and 9.8 ppb, respectively. Possible reasons for such discrepancies may be incorrect specification of the initial and boundary conditions, inaccurate values of anthropogenic emissions, and limitations to the aerosol and chemical mechanisms used.

The results of the study of changes in the total solar radiation, cloudiness, sunshine duration, and surface air temperature in Tomsk for the period 1996-2016 are presented. It is shown that decrease in the total solar radiation and sunshine duration and, vice versa, increase in the surface air temperature and total and inferior cloud amount are observed. There is a tendency to increase in the contribution of upper tier clouds and decrease in that of middle layer clouds.

The analysis of the monthly average surface air temperatures for the 1940-2015 period is provided based on observations of a network of meteorological stations in the Southern Urals. The temperature series expansion into empirical orthogonal components (EOC) is used for the study of the spatiotemporal structure. The correlation analysis of the EOC for winter and summer with the main large-scale natural climate variability modes of the Northern hemisphere is carried out. The first leading EOC describes a positive temperature trend and makes the main contribution into the temperature variability. For the winter season, the leading mode is associated with North Atlantic oscillation. For summer, a significant contribution of the Atlantic multi-decadal fluctuation and East-Atlantic-Western-Russian index is revealed; this finding can be used to improve the forecast of climate change in the coming decades for the region under study. In general, the results indicate a significant impact of natural climatic variability on the temperature regime as well as a possible difficulty in isolating the anthropogenic component of climate change in the region.

Based on long-term (2004-2016) expedition studies, statistical generalization and zoning of physical-chemical aerosol characteristics in the Eastern Atlantic (from English Channel to Antarctica) are performed. For six latitudinal zones of the Atlantic and Southern Oceans (> 45(N; 20(-45(N; 0(-20(N; 0(-20(S; 20(-55(S; > 55(S) the average values of the main aerosol characteristics are calculated, i.e., atmospheric AOD, fine and coarse AOD components, particle number concentrations, and mass concentrations of aerosol, black carbon, and water-soluble ions (Na⁺, Mg²⁺, Cl⁽, K⁺, Ca²⁺, NH₄⁺, NO₃⁽, SO₄²⁽), as well as of gas admixtures (SO₂, HCl, HNO₃, NH₃). It is shown that the zonal variability range of optical and microphysical aerosol characteristics is about an order of magnitude: the largest (minimal) average values are observed in the tropical zone (Southern Ocean). The zonal differences (a factor of 1.3 to 4.3) in concentrations of ions and gas admixtures are much smaller and comparable to synoptic variations. The concentrations of “marine” ions are maximal over the Southern Atlantic, and of “continental” ions, in the Northern hemisphere, in tropical and subtropical zones; the concentrations of all ions are minimal over the Southern Ocean. The specific features of geographic distribution of gas admixtures are noted: the maximal concentrations of HCl and NH₃ are observed over the Southern Atlantic, of SO₂ and HNO₃, near Europe, and the lowest level is observed in the tropical zone.

Based on the measurements of light scattering functions performed in different regions of the Lake Baikal in summer 1979, the characteristics of suspended matter in surface waters are calculated, including mass and number concentrations of suspension and its different fractions. By this data, the relationships with Secchi Disk are derived. The formula of relationship between the mass concentration of suspended matter and Secchi Disk for Lake Baikal is compared with similar formulas for marine waters.

Based on the energetic electron precipitation data, obtained using the magnetogram inversion technique (MIT), there were performed model estimates of variations in the night mid-latitude ionosphere parameters for Irkutsk (52(N, 105(E) during the very strong geomagnetic storm on November 20-23, 2003 ( K _р = 9, D _stmax = 472 nT). The derived fluxes of precipitating electrons are able to produce the night electron density with n_e ( 3 ( 10⁶ cm⁽³ and electron temperature T_e ( 4500 K, which can provide the observed magnitude increase in the red line emission due to excitation of atomic oxygen ¹ D level, mainly in collisions of molecular oxygen ions with thermal electrons.

It is shown that the transmission spectrum of a holographic sensor (silver nanograins embedded in a polymer matrix) is well described by expressions for the Rayleigh light scattering and absorption by silver nano-grains. The optical characteristics of the medium are determined in the Maxwell Garnett approximation. In the presence of a holographic structure, a dip appears in the spectrum. The possibility of obtaining the approximating curves depends on the approximation interval. The spectra are well approximated both in the presence and in absence of an interference structure. The dip parameters coincide well in the approximation range, despite the fact that the values of the background parameter associated with the absorption being found in different ranges of approximation can differ significantly.

Typical results of precipitation parameter measurements with the optical precipitation gauge at the IMCES SB RAS meteorological site from June to October 2016 are described. The particle size distributions are presented for precipitations of different types. The measured precipitation intensity and daily total values are compared with the data obtained with standard precipitation gauges.

For the first time the seasonal dynamics of the vertical structure of small salt Lake Uchum, located in the steppe arid zone of the South of Siberia (the Krasnoyarsk Krai), has been studied in detail. It is shown that this lake is a meromictic water body. A heterogeneous vertical distribution of plankton organisms and a dense population of purple sulfuric bacteria in the redox zone were revealed. The taxonomic composition and seasonal dynamics of phyto- and zooplankton were described. Presumably, the meromixis of Lake Uchum is due to the inflow of fresh water to the surface of the saline water body during the rise of its level in the early 20th century, similar to Shira and Shunet lakes located nearby. The processes of salt displacement into the solution during the formation of ice, as well as the precipitation of salts in the winter, also contribute to the maintenance of permanent stratification. Obtained information on the current state of the lake can be useful for reconstructing the climate by bottom sediments, as well as for creating models of water quality and studying the therapeutic properties of lake mud.

The dynamics of the fatty acid composition of total lipids in needles of Picea obovata L. during the first half of the vegetation period in 2010 (March-July) was studied. In the composition of unsaturated FA of total lipids of Picea obovata needles in the post-winter (10.03-6.04), spring (20.04-18.05), and summer (1.06-20.07) periods, three FA content peaks characterized by the increase in the content of б-linolenic acid were revealed. For the post-winter and spring vegetation periods, the UFA increase was accompanied by the increase in the desaturase ratio (ODR and LDR). The spring peak of the 18:3w3 content coincided with the spring peak of the content of chlorophylls in LHC PSU and the beginning of the net CO2 assimilation while the summer one coincided with the highest content of chlorophylls in the studied period. Possible variants of the participation of FA in the transformation mechanisms of the structural and functional organization of the photosynthetic apparatus of a coniferous plant are discussed.

The results of the comparative study conducted on water voles, steppe lemming, and Campbell hamster supplemented with published data on seven other Muridae rodent species revealed positive relation between the extent of sexual dimorphism estimated by protein level in urine and typical of each species population abundance and amplitude of its variation. In species with usually low population numbers the ratio of protein in urine of males to that of females comprised 0.9, in species with relative stable population numbers - 3.4, and in species with periodical high amplitude fluctuation of population numbers - 8.3.

For the first time accumulation level and distribution character of platinum in soil and in roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and seeds of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, Lamiaceae collected in natural habitats (south-western Primorye, Amur and Chita Oblasts) and introduced in Central Siberian Botanical Garden of SB RAS (Novosibirsk) have been studied using stripping voltammetry. In the habitats of S. baicalensis , the content of platinum in soil varied from 0.001 to 0.426 g/t. The content of platinum in different parts of the plants varied from 0.001 to 0.43 g/t. The bioaccumulation factor of platinum in S. baicalensis from different habitats varied from 0,01 to 6.1 g/t.

Objective: to determine the clinical significance of markers of myocardial remodeling (NT-proBNP, galectin-3, sST2, MMP-1, 2, 3 and TIMP-1) in patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction and preserved left ventricular function. Materials and methods. 100 consecutive patients diagnosed with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and LV ejection fraction ≥40 % were included. All patients underwent revascularization of the culprit artery. Echocardiography was performed in all the patients on days 1 day, 10-12 and in a year after hospitalization. In all the patients on admission, days 10-12 and in a year after STEMI serum concentrations of the following markers were assessed: matrix metalloproteinases-1, 2 and 3 (MMP), tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), galectin-3; N-terminal brain natriuretic propeptide (NT-proBNP); soluble protein of the IL-1 receptor family (sST2). Results. The concentration of MMP-3, determined on days 10-12 of the MI, was 1.62 times higher than the values measured on the first day. While the concentration of soluble ST2 receptor, on the contrary, is almost twice as low on days 10-12 as measured on the 1st day. Also statistically significant dynamics in the period of hospitalization was determined for galectin-3 ( p = 0.0001), MMP-2 ( p = 0.0003), NT-proBNP ( p = 0.0361). Analyzing the differences in the concentrations of the markers under study, taking into account the presence / absence of signs of DD, draws attention to the fact of large median values in the group of patients with DD ( n = 38): galectin-3 at each of the observation points, NT-proBNP by the 10-12th day and in a year, MMP-1 - on the 1st and 10-12th day of observation, MMP-2 - at the annual observation stage, MMP-3 - on the 1st and 10-12th days from the MI, TIMP-1 - on the contrary, in the group of patients with DD the concentrations were lower in comparison with patients without DD ( n = 62) both on the 1st day and a year later. For sST2 no significant differences were found. Conclusions. It was determined that in the group of patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction and preserved LV function in the hospital period and a year later, a statistically significant dynamics of the majority of studied markers was registered, which indicates the regular processes of structural and functional remodeling of myocardium of the LV at different stages of observation. Significant differences in the levels of studied markers were determined between the groups, taking into account the presence / absence of diastolic dysfunction in patients with preserved and middle fraction of LV ejection.

Aim. To study flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), depending on the presence of diabetes mellitus (DM) type 2. Materials and Methods. The study included 137 patients (77 men and 60 women) with CAD. The average age of patients was 62.0 (57.0-66.0) years. The first group included 67 patients with CAD and DM type 2 and the second group included 70 patients with CAD. All patients underwent duplex scanning of the carotid and lower limb arteries. FMD was evaluated in a test with reactive hyperemia according to D.S. Celermajer in the modification of O.V. Ivanova. Results. The dilated response of the brachial artery was statistically significantly less in the first group of patients - 5.20 % (3.57-7.14) vs. 9.30 % (4.61-12.0) in the second group ( p = 0.0001). In the group of patients with DM, the proportion of patients with a dilated response less than 10 % was 61 (91.0 %), which was significantly less in comparison with the second group - 40 (57.1 %) patients ( p = 0.0001) . A decrease in the dilatational response of the brachial artery was associated with an increase in the degree of stenosis of the left CCA ( r = -0.286, p = 0.001), overall carotid stenosis ( r = -0.186; p = 0.029), plaque score (r = -0.279; p = 0.001), total carotid plaque area ( r = -0.256; p = 0.003); increase in femoral IMT ( r = -0.246; p = 0.004). The magnitude of the dilated response of the brachial artery during reactive hyperemia was inversely correlated with the duration of DM type 2 ( r = -0.349, p = 0.0001) and glycated hemoglobin ( r = -0.308; p = 0.0001). Conclusion. Patients with CAD and DM type 2 showed statistically significantly lower values of FMD compared with patients with CAD without DM. Decrease in FMD was associated with the severity of the DM type 2 and the severity of subclinical atherosclerosis of peripheral arteries.

The study objective is evaluate atherosclerosis burden on atorvastatin protective effect in patients with chronic total occlusion recanalization. Methods. 38 patients underwent recanalization of chronic total occlusions. All patients received a loading dose of atorvastatin 80 mg before surgery. Further patients were divided into high and low risk group according to SYNTAX score. In both groups, troponin I, CF fraction of creatine phosphokinase, functional parameters of the myocardium were measured 1 day prior to surgery, 24 hours and 1 month after the surgery. Results. In the high risk group there was discovered more significant troponin I rising compared with low risk group. In the low risk group troponin I level was significantly lower. CF fraction of creatine phosphokinase in both groups was similar. There were no statistically significant changes in echocardiography parameters. Conclusion. Atorvastatin loading dose has a protective effect and prevents periprocedural myocardial ischemia. At the same time this effect appears only in patients with low atherosclerosis burden - SYNTAX score less than 19.5. At the same time it doesn’t influence on central hemodynamics in short-term period.

Background: The literature data about the frequency of cardiovascular risk factors in old age patients from social protection institutions at the present time remains controversial. Objective: To examine the frequency of cardiovascular risk factors in persons of both sexes aged over 60 years who lives at infirmaries and social service centers of the Novosibirsk region. Methods: Questioning of infirmaries and social service centers of the Novosibirsk region was applied. Data from 2676 people of both sexes aged over 60 years who were residents of the Novosibirsk Region were obtained. A unified database of questioning data results was created. The material in the statistical package «R» for Windows was analyzed. Results: In aged 60 years people who lives at infirmaries and social service centers of the Novosibirsk region the frequency of major cardiovascular risk factors is rather high (in particular, arterial hypertension and overweight). Conclusion: The analysis of such risk factors may be of great interest in the detailed development of preventive measures. In conditions of social protection institutions, it is important to adhere to a balanced diet, both to correct hyperglycemia in diabetes and to reduce excess body weight.

In the review, modern views on the significant role of hypercholesterolemia (HCH), especially familial HCH, hypertriglyceridemia and hyperglycemia in the onset and development of coronary heart disease (CHD) and its complications (myocardial infarction) in young people 25-45 years are systematized. According to prospective studies of CHD, about 8-10 % of young men are ill. For the purpose of effective prevention of the disease, it is necessary to conduct screening examinations of the young population, which necessarily include the determination of blood levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and glucose.

Elevated lipoprotein(a) plasma concentration - [Lp(a)] is considered a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). In African Americans (AA) have 2-3 times above [Lp(a)] than in Europeans and Asians, for example, in Chinese - 7.0 mg/dl, in black Sudanese - 46 mg/dl. Some authors believe that the apo(a) gene is the main determinant of the [Lp(a)] variation in AA, while others recognize the role of variant factors. The relationship between [Lp(a)] and the risk of CVD in AA is unclear: in meta-analysis under the Collaboration Emerging Risk Factors, at Europeans [Lp(a)] is associated with coronary artery disease, in AA - no. In Novosibirsk, from 96 men with confirmed surgically expressed coronary atherosclerosis [Lp(a)] is raised only in 16 %, and the high-atherogenous phenotype of apo(a) was detected in 20 %; but in the presence of unstable plaques (UP) in coronary arteries [Lp(a)] is 1.8 times higher than in persons without UP. Average [Lp(a)]+ ([Лп(а)]>0) at Chukchi male made 28,1 mg/dl, Chukchi female have 28,4 mg/dl, at Eskimos with [Lp(a)]+ the median of the [Lp(a)] - 22,4 mg/dl, and the mode - 15,5 mg/dl. In the aboriginals of Chukotka with AH, apo(a) S1, S2 occurred a little more frequently than among those without AH. Along with lipoprotein apheresis and niacin, apolipoprotein-(B-100)-antisense mipomersen, inhibitor of PCSK9 and apolipoprotein-(a)-antisense (oligonucleotide), showed promising results in reducing [Lp(a)]. In Russia, ehvolocumab and alirocoumab have been approved.

Colorectal cancer is the second cause of death among all deaths, caused by malignant tumors in the world. Understanding its pathophysiology is important for developing effective strategies for treating this disease. Lipidome, a combination of total lipids, lipid-linked enzymes, receptors and signaling pathways play an important role in numerous cellular processes such as metabolism, energy storage, proliferation and apoptosis. The disturbances in the regulation of lipid metabolism and their functions contribute to the development and progression of colorectal cancer and can be used to assess the prognosis. For a whole range of directions, the dysregulation of lipid metabolism in colorectal cancer is similar to that in the development of cardiovascular pathology. Strategies aimed at lipidome have been used in clinical studies and have shown promising results. This review presents recent advances in the study of impaired lipid metabolism in colorectal cancer, the mechanisms by which lipid metabolites regulate carcinogenesis and tumor progression, and potential therapeutic targets for future clinical trials.

The research objective was the study of antiulcer and anti-inflammatory activity of the 3-[3-(morpholine-4-yl)propyl]-2-[(2,2,3-trimethylcyclopent-3-en-1-yl)methyl]-1,3-thiazolydin-4-one. Material and methods. The study was performed on 24 male outbred mice and 102 female Wistar rats. The investigation of antiulcer activity of the substance as a preventive medication in comparison with omeprazole and famotidine was carried out on 24 rats using the 96 % ethanol-induced gastric ulcer test. The ethanol-induced lesion area was measured to evaluate the antiulcerogenic activity. The curative effect of the compound was studied on 78 female rats using the chronic acetic acid-induced model on the 5th, 10th, 15th, and 25th day of administration, omeprazole being used as a reference drug. A diameter of the ulcers was measured and a histological investigation of the gastric tissue samples including leukocyte counting was performed to estimate the influence on the regeneration process. Anti-inflammatory activity of the substance in comparison with diclofenac was studied on mice using histamine-induced edema model. Results and discussion. The substance of interest was shown to possess antiulcerogenic action comparable to the activity of omeprazole on ethanol-induced ulcer whereas famotidine did not exhibit gastroprotective properties. The administration of the agent did not lead to a significant decrease of acetic acid-induced ulcer size, whereas omeprazole promoted the marked reduction of the lesion area on the 15^th and 25^th day of the experiment. There were no significant morphological differences observed between the experimental groups. Notably, the administration of the substance under investigation resulted in significant decreasing of leukocyte quantity in the ulcer margins. The marked anti-inflammatory action of the substance similar to the effect of diclofenac was demonstrated on the histamine-induced edema model.

High-resolution melting analysis (HRMA) is promising for preliminary scanning of the nucleotide sequence of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene ( CFTR ), which mutations are responsible for the development of cystic fibrosis. In Russia this method has not yet found practical application. The aim of this work was the analysis of the efficiency of the HRMA method at the first stage of molecular diagnostics of cystic fibrosis in children. Materials and methods. In order to validate the new technique for extended molecular genetic analysis we examined 43 control DNA samples obtained from children with confirmed cystic fibrosis diagnosis and known CFTR mutations. Results. The specificity of cystic fibrosis molecular diagnostics with the implementation of the HRMA method was 100 %, the sensitivity was 97.3 %. In two samples with extended heterozygous deletion of the 2nd and 3rd exons melting patterns were identical to the wild type ones. Conclusions. The high efficiency of the HRMA method proves the possibility of its usefulness in clinical practice at the first stage of cystic fibrosis molecular diagnostics in children toward the reduction of the diagnostic search duration. In most cases this method allows to determine CFTR gene mutation type. Long deletions/insertions and complex heterozygous restructurings still cannot be detected using HRMA. Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification is required to determine this mutation type.

Aim of the study was to investigate the features of biochemical indices in patients with spinal diseases combined with diseases of the hepatobiliary system (HBS). Material and methods. The examination of 46 patients with dorsopathy combined with diseases of the hepatobiliary system has been carried out. Results and discussion. It has been shown that the transnosological polymorbidity value in patients with DP combined with diseases of HBS was statistically significant increased in comparison with groups of patients with isolated diseases (spinal diseases, HBS). It was determined that the severity of the inflammatory process, as well as disturbances of the liver functions, was higher in case of combined pathology than in the presence of isolated forms of diseases. The changes in carbohydrate, lipid and purine metabolism being the factors of severity growth of the pathology course and risk factors for the development of diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis and associated conditions are more pronounced in case of this combined pathology. That requires a personified approach to treatment and prevention of this category of patients. The results of the study can form the basis for the development of a new medical technology for assessing the severity of condition of patients with dorsopathy combined with diseases of the hepatobiliary system.

Taking into account new technologies practical application, the evaluation of correlation between the expired costs and obtained utility for health is important today in the context of choice between open-cut and laparoscopic inguinal hernia treatment methods. Purpose of the study. The «cost-utility» analysis of the inguinal hernia treatment with the use of the Lichtenstein tension-free method and the laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal hernia repair method. Material and methods. The retrospective comparative analysis of 52 men underwent the laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal hernia repair (TAPP, n = 25) and the Lichtenstein tension-free method ( n = 27) has been carried out. The indicators of life quality were estimated by the scale «thermometer-health» before, after and in 6 months after surgery and than the indicators were used for QALY calculation. The intensity of pain after surgery was registered with visual-analog scale. The «cost-utility» analysis was carried out with direct expenses use. Results and discussion. The QALY increment was 0,10 in the patients underwent Lichtenstein tension-free method and 0,17 in the patients underwent TAPP. The postoperative pain syndrome intensity was less expressed after TAPP. The «cost-utility»coefficient was 644848,0 rub/QALY in case of Lichtenstein method, and 550796,5 rub/QALY for TAPP. Thus, the hernioplasty by TAPP method is dominant from the point of view of the carried-out clinical and economic analysis.

The aim of research was the analysis of nutritional and enteric inefficiency at complicated trauma of cervical region of vertebral column. Material and Methods. The retrospective observational investigation has been carried out. Medical records of 29 patients with complicated trauma of cervical region of vertebral column for 2017-2016 years have been analyzed. Results. Disorder of motor-evacuation function of digestive tract was revealed in 37 % of cases on the first day after accident. Maximal intensity of enteroparesis and minimal level of total protein were registered on 7-10 days. The albumin level has been progressively decreased till 15 days. The erosion of gastric and duodenum mucosa was revealed by esophagogastroduodenoscopy in 50 % of patients on the first day. The basal metabolism value detected by indirect calorimetry was 30-50 % higher than value calculated by formula.

According to the forecasts of the World Health Organization, cardiovascular diseases will remain the main cause of death of the world population for several decades. Based on this prediction, the diagnosis of heart disease at the preclinical stage remains a major problem for clinicians. For now the main non-invasive imaging methods for cardiovascular damage are still ultrasound and multispiral computed tomography, less often magnetic resonance imaging. In recent years, the application of poorly studied radionuclide methods such as positron emission and single-photon tomography to the diagnosis has been actively discussed. The use of these non-invasive techniques is capable to diagnose the cardiovascular system pathology at earlier terms, but it is necessary to know the possibilities and limitations of each method for the correct analysis and interpretation of the data obtained. In this review, the main aspects of modern radiation and radionuclide cardiologic diagnosis are described. The article is divided into two parts: the first section presents some aspects of individual ray imaging methods; the second included methods of radionuclide diagnostics of the most important diseases of the heart and blood vessels.

Objective: to assess the effect of propafenone and amiodarone on the diastolic function of the left ventricle and the quality of life in hypertension complicated by paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with sinus rhythm remaining throughout the year. Material and methods. The study involved 185 patients with H, complicated by paroxysmal AF. No sinus rhythm disturbances were registered in 39 patients during the year. Patients without sinus rhythm disturbances belonged to different groups. In the first group ( n = 20), the sinus rhythm was restored against oral administration of 600 mg of propafenone and was subsequently maintained by taking this antiarrhythmic drug (AAP) at a daily dose of 450 mg. In the second group of patients ( n = 19), the sinus rhythm was restored with amiodarone (up to 600 mg intravenously) and maintained during the year by taking amiodarone at a daily dose of 200-600 mg. The patients of both groups underwent echocardiography with the definition of a set of generally accepted morphofunctional parameters at the beginning and at the end of the study (a year later). The SF-36 questionnaire was used to assess the quality of life. Results and conclusions The propafenone administration in a daily dose of 450 mg to the patients with hypertension complicated by paroxysmal atrial fibrillation significantly improves the diastolic function of the left ventricle during the year: the E/A index ( p = 0.016) increased significantly by 4.1 %; the IVRT index did not change significantly ( p > 0.05); the DT score significantly ( p = 0.009) decreased by 4.8 %; the PV S/D authentically ( p = 0.045) increased by 1.2 %; the indicator Em/Am significantly ( p = 0.03) increased by 4 %. The amiodarone administration in a daily dose of 200-600 mg to the patients with hypertension complicated by paroxysmal atrial fibrillation with restored and conserved sinus rhythm for 12 months does not influence on the left ventricle diastolic function. Both drugs significantly improves the indices of the physical and psychological components of health, however, therapy with propafenone improves the quality of life indicators significantly more efficiently than amiodarone therapy.

Comparative analysis of thoracoscopic methods of surgical treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax with bullous emphysema was performed. The material has been collected during the retrospective study of the medical documentation of the Department of Thoracic Surgery of the Novosibirsk State Regional Clinical Hospital of Ministry of Health of the RF. During the seven-year period from 2010 to 2017, 125 medical cases with different diagnoses were selected such as: spontaneous pneumothorax; bullous emphysema; recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax. The analysis of the entry criteria were specific pathological picture of chest organs multispiral computed tomography. The withdrawal criteria were conversion associated with technical complexity due to evident adhesive process (12 cases). The vast majority of complications were observed in patients underwent thoracoscopic lung resection. The manual intracorporal suture overlap on the lung tissue leads to a greater risk of prolonged air leakage in the postoperative period. Bullous diathermocoagulation has a small risk of prolonged air leakage in the postoperative period. The study findings require the development of an algorithm for spontaneous pneumothorax case management to reduce possible complications.

Aim of the study - to assess the impact of changes in women’s bodies with diabetes mellitus type 1 on the state of bone mineral density and its metabolic rate, to determine the tendency of changes in serum markers of bone remodeling and bone mineral density in peri- and postmenopausal periods in women with this disease. Material and methods: T-score of bone mineral density (by dual-energy X-ray absorbtiometry) and serum markers of bone remodeling (alkaline phosphatase activity, amino-terminal propeptide of type I collagen and C-terminal telopeptide), were measured in 57 peri- and postmenopausal women with type 1 diabetes and in the control group consisting of 43 women. Results. The obtained results indicate inconsistency of changes in bone remodeling processes in patients with type 1 diabetes with predominant bone formation changes (35.5 %) vs. bone resorbtion (16.6 %, p < 0.001). A positive correlation between the duration of type 1 diabetes and the level of b-C-terminal telopeptide ( r = 0.465, p = 0.001) was established in postmenopausal women. A negative correlation between the change in the T-score of the femoral neck and duration of diabetes ( r = -0.416, p = 0.04) was found in the subgroup of postmenopausal women. A statistically significant correlation between the T-score of the lumbar spine and the level of C-terminal telopeptide ( r = -0.489, p = 0.003) was revealed. Conclusions. Bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with type 1 diabetes demonstrates an earlier and accelerated bone mass loss, especially in the lumbar spine. The bone mass loss in the most of the examined patients is associated with the suppression of bone formation and, to a much lesser extent, with bone resorption, which is significantly accelerated during the late perimenopause and continues at a similar pace in the early years of postmenopause with decrease in the intensity of loss in the subsequent.

Capillaroscopy is simple, non-invasive, safe, and informative technique which provides vital real-time assessment of microvascular structure in various systemic disorders. Major capillaroscopy parameters are capillary density (the number of capillaries in a 1 mm length of the distal row of each finger or toe), capillary width and length, arterial and venous limb diameters, internal diameter, loop diameter, and intercapillary distance. Blood flow velocity in arterial and venous limbs is important as well. Avascular areas may be related to tissue hypoxia, therefore, they have a prognostic value. A homogeneous and ordered distribution of capillaries arranged in parallel and at regular narrow distances between ascending and descending branches is found in capillaroscopy examinations of healthy subjects. A regular capillary is shaped like a hair pin or like the English letter «U» upside-down, with a slimmer arterial arm, an upper part, and a venous arm. The venous arm is larger than the upper part. Capillaroscopy plays an important role in the diagnosis of diseases associated with microcirculation disorders, because it helps to choose the tactics of treatment, to monitor the effectiveness and to predict disease outcomes.