Home – Home – Jornals – Russian Geology and Geophysics 2018 number 7

Results of integrated 40Ar/39Ar, Rb-Sr, and Sm-Nd geochronological studies of the Lukinda dunite-troctolite-gabbro-anorthosite massif in the northeast of the Selenga-Stanovoi superterrane, Central Asian Fold Belt, are presented. It is shown that this massif is much younger than formerly thought: 249 ± 14 to 251 ± 15 Ma vs. Paleoproterozoic. This date of magmatism corresponds to one of the stages of the formation of the Selenga-Vitim belt, which ranks among the largest Phanerozoic volcanoplutonic belts in Central Asia.

Modern technologies actively penetrate into all spheres of our life and become an integral part of it. Since the advent of the Internet began to form a virtual world, which gradually developed, complicated and integrated with the real. Social networks, online computer games, online stores and much more are testimonies of the merging of these worlds and the formation of a completely new - hybrid, world, the distinctive feature of which is the possibility of maximum satisfaction of human needs in the real world through a virtual one. Its key conditions are high efficiency and low cost of information and communication technologies (ICT). The processes of digitalization of the economy are inevitable, but in order to achieve full development in this area, support from the state is needed. Therefore, in Russia, in order to fulfill these conditions, the Program «Digital Economy of the Russian Federation» was developed and approved in 2017. The article analyzes this program, its main indicators and draws conclusions that there are serious risks of information security and digital sovereignty of Russia. More promising directions for digitalization are the industrial sector, whose modernization will increase the level of labor productivity and reduce the gap from the most developed countries, and the social sphere, the development of which would improve the welfare and improve the quality of life of Russian citizens.

Researches are connected with development of mechanisms of management by development of the enterprises, corporations in the conditions of their integration interaction. There are many problems of substantiating intracorporate prices; determination of the synergistic effect and its distribution among cluster members; evaluation of the effectiveness of investment projects, financial innovations and other developments. The most effective organization of production at cluster enterprises is in the production of complex, high technology products with high added value, effective demand in the domestic market and abroad.

The article analyzes the features and possibilities of environmental management as a modern innovative direction of environmental policy at enterprises and organizations. The assessment of the prospects of its implementation in the practice of environmental regulation and control at the production level of management in the conditions of Russia is given. The author outlined the main reasons for the weak interest of Russian enterprises in the implementation of environmental management, among which there are a weakness in the organizational structure of management at Russian enterprises; a narrow understanding of environmental management by enterprises themselves; low credibility abroad of certificates on environmental management issued by Russian organizations; a certain lack of understanding of the importance and necessity of environmental management; weak existing regulatory and legal framework, in which there are no incentive effects for the implementation of environmental activities. The interrelation between the system of environmental management in enterprises and the principle of the best available technologies is shown and it is concluded that effective use of one of these management tools is not possible without establishing another.

Development of innovation economy in Russian regions requires adequate information support. Innovation image of region is information-related concept that characterizes ideas on innovation activity on a given territory distributed through the different channels (object image) and fixed in the collective mind (perceived image). Of big importance is Internet-image of regional innovation system that is aimed at reflection of not only its general success, but also the realized functions. By example of the Rostov Region, it is shown that such an image should be balanced and include recognizable symbol (for instance, any innovative product). Business community and administrative authorities in regions should pay efforts for special formation and promotion of the Internet-image of innovation system.

The experience of foreign countries shows that in the context of a budget deficit, the process of attracting private investments in the form of public-private partnership (PPP) is intensifying. The author proposes an author’s methodology for assessing the effectiveness of PPP projects, the uniqueness of which is the development of a comprehensive system of indicators that allows assessing the quality of the institutional environment, the experience of implementing projects, and the readiness of government agencies, private companies and society for effective interaction. A conclusion is made about the progressive formation and development of the PPP institution in Russia.

Last 25 years from the moment of the collapse of the USSR have shown that not all countries ex-member of the union, possessing the considerable inherited resources, could realize this potential and to become full-fledged members of global market economy. In this regard it is possible to formulate a research objective which is in identification of influence of factors on GDP per capita that will allow to estimate drift of set of regressors at different stages of development of economy of the Post-Soviet countries. As evidential base long temporary lines are used, act as methods of receiving evidential conclusions: graphic, tabular, coefficient, correlation and regression. As the main results it is possible to call the following: considering set of the Post-Soviet countries, it is divided into three groups on synchronism of dynamics of growth rates (decrease) of GDP and the stable periods of development of economies are allocated; consideration of interrelation between economic factors and GDP per capita on all set of the Post-Soviet countries allows to claim that the set of regressors acts on each stable piece of development, the only thing the indicator which is constantly making negative impact is the agriculture share in GDP; consideration of influence of factors on GDP per capita on each of 15 countries allows to claim that it than more takes place time from the moment of the collapse of the USSR, especially «not similar» are countries, i.e. less the general factors exerting impact on dependent will change; creation of three regression models on the basis of panel data on the stable periods of development of economies allows to approve about existence of strong individual effects and a variation of sets of the operating factors upon transition from one panel to another. The received results will be useful to researchers of macrodynamics to judgment of the happening processes in the former Soviet Union.

The paper is aimed at elaborating a methodology to estimate the volume of drug business and determination of its actual volumes in gross value added across Kazakhstan regions. The authors have analyzed an opportunity to apply the estimation methods for illegal types of activity recommended by the Eurostat. A technique used in the work is based on the principles of the System of National Accounts. Analysis and estimation were implemented in view of widespread types of drugs in Kazakhstan listed by the law-enforcement and medical organizations. The work shows the calculation of diacetylmorphine consumption in Kazakhstan, volumes of import and domestic production, trade margin and value added tax of the activity related to distribution of narcotics. The calculations made for the work allowed estimating the volumes of drug business in the value added tax across Kazakhstan regions. The results of the conducted estimation show the tendency of general statistics of the national authorities of Kazakhstan acquiring the data on different fields of accounting of confiscated narcotics volumes and number of drug-dependents. The obtained data and approaches confirm an idea that for Kazakhstan it is reasonable to apply a tabular approach of Eurostat to estimate the volume of drug business and non-observed economy in whole that will allow determining possible volumes of drug business incomes penetration into the system of national accounts of the country. For practical application of the obtained results it is suggested to correct the system of acquisition and representation of statistical data across different national authorities and bring it over common standards.

We shed light on Global warming influence on forestry, particularly, on temporary road infrastructure used for logging in winter. The general aim of the paper is to investigate the relationship between the wood removal volumes and timing of winter road operations in the different climate zones of the Republic of Karelia. Our main findings are that 1 day winter road operation increases monthly volume of wood removal by 1485-1746 m³. The volume depends on the type and lifetime versions of winter roads. We have determined the territory that is the most vulnerable to climate warming.

The article concentrates on the analysis of one of the factors of sustainable development of the Russian Federation - innovative activity of the regions. For this end, the analysis was carried out regarding the dynamics and structure of shipped own-produced goods, work performed and service rendered using own resources, including innovative ones, at the enterprises of the regions of the Russian Federation from 2010 till 2015. The paper presents the grouping of the regions and federal districts by the average annual coefficients of volume growth of innovative goods, work and services at the enterprises in the regions. The grouping made it possible to reveal regional stratification by the rates of growth of volume of produced innovative goods. The centrographic method helped to establish the degree of differentiation of the regions by the level of innovative development of the enterprises, which is a characteristic of the degree of extension of innovative processes across the country. Geographical coordinates of the «gravity centers» of innovative activity were defined. The authors evaluated the intensity of the process of regional stratification of innovative activity on the basis of the calculation of the regional asymmetry index.

The lack of economic or investment growth is one of the key issues in Russian regions. The article presents the results of the analysis of the growth factors in China in the late twentieth - at the beginning of the twenty first century. It follows from the analysis that study of the efficiency of economic and investment growth requires the development of the system of the indictors, affecting the growth the most. The results of the analysis of the system of the indicators will be indicative of the existence or lack of the relation to growth, quality of the relation and opportunity for investment growth in particular region of Russia.

In the article, based on the economic approach, the toolkit for identifying price collusion is considered. The necessity of using financial and extra financial information in the conditions of uncertainty of information flows for the purpose of forming a system of markers of price collusion is substantiated. A methodical generalization of the results of a number of authors was made, resulting in a modified methodical approach to assessing the probability of the existence of a price collusion. This approach contains additional markers based on the possibility of affiliated links and the correlation of a number of significant indicators of the financial and economic activities of companies prone to participate in price collusion. Approbation of the modified methodical approach at the analysis of the companies which are engaged in meat manufacture in Novosibirsk and Tomsk area is carried out and the essential probability of presence of a price arrangement is revealed.

The article studies the level of financial development and growth of the BRICS countries. The viability of the BRICS concept is shown. The interrelation of the notions of financial development and growth was analyzed. The approaches to evaluation of the level of financial development of the BRICS countries were revealed. The depth, availability and efficiency of the financial institutions and financial markets of the BRICS countries were appraised. The competitive advantages of the BRICS countries in the field of the development of the world financial centers and financial markets were revealed. A conclusion was drawn regarding the efficiency of international economic relations of the BRICS countries. The viewpoints of the BRICS countries on net external position, level of development of human potential and human capital, as well as on the level of per capita income were defined. The place of the BRICS countries among the developing countries by the inclusive development index was shown. The obtained results could form the basis for elaboration of the specific activities on formation of the strategy of financial development of the BRICS countries from the perspective of their competitiveness.

The essence of profit and the processes of its formation in macroeconomics are examined, which were investigated using the developed table «Formation of incomes and expenditures of the productive sphere, non-productive sphere (budget) and population in the state». The table shows the options for the formation and distribution of income in the state through the budget system. As a result of the research it was revealed how the profit is formed in the state, what is its economic essence as a macroeconomic category, how profit affects the development of the national economy.

Questions of methodological bases in the field of research of accounting and analytical providing of the income and expenses of economic branch subjects are considered and analyzed. The necessity of the development of accounting and analytical support of incomes and expenses of economic entities in the retail segment of the consumer market, the use of a single basic conceptual foundations of the paradigm of the accounting-analytical support; identified the basic elements of the theory and methodology of the subject area of the research; in order to ensure unity, the system of basic components of the paradigm of accounting and analytical support has been rethought.

The article is devoted to questions of diagnostics of risks of financial insolvency. There are numerous techniques of foreign and Russian economists to assess the risk of bankruptcy, however, there are difficulties in practical application. In order to diagnosis of the financial condition was useful for crisis management, assessing the features of formation of information base of analysis, which is based on accounting (financial) statements, as well as the industry-specific organizations. Specialized techniques taking into account peculiarities of activity disclosed on the example of agricultural enterprises.

The article presents the results of the study of the issue of the increase in information disclosure and transparency of the environmental activity, essential to coal companies. The author offers the analysis procedure for presentation and disclosure of information on ecological liabilities in the reporting of companies by financial and nonfinancial indicators. The results of the analysis made it possible to evaluate the level of presentation and disclosure of information in the reporting of coal companies of the Kemerovo region, as well as to prove the advantages of information disclosure.

This article proposes a system of accounts for the organization and management of cost accounting, which is based on the business processes characteristic of organizations of the production and non-production sectors. For this purpose grouping of business processes is made taking into account their role in activity of the economic subject. Special attention is paid to the description of cost accounting in support of strategic priorities and business processes. In addition, the model of synthetic and analytical cost accounting for business processes is modified, which is more informative.

The article reviews and analyzes the economic and organizational aspects of providing the population with emergency medical service. The disbursement of state funds to contribute to medical services is an important indicator of the extent of social protection of the population. A proper funding of high quality emergency medical services (e.g. ambulance) is critical for patients health and survival and, therefore, of special importance.

In this article, the problem of estimating the savings potential of households. A review of methodologies to assess the savings capacity of households. It is noted that all existing methods to the assessment of the savings capacity of households can be addressed through three approaches: on the basis of factor analysis and comparative evaluation of the reference and regional level; based on the ratings of the components of private potential and on the basis of the integral indicator in combination with expert assessment. The basic principles of their application and identifies their strengths and weaknesses. The article points to the imperfection of the existing methods for determining regional level of savings potential of households.

The article is to study the specifics of the market of software products for medical use. The authors were to analyze the features of the order for the development of software for heath information systems, affecting their cost. Depending on a particular model of the order formation and its source of funding, a particular cost estimate model is required. The authors have developed a model, demonstrating a comprehensive presentation of the mechanisms for financing the development of software products.

The article examines the role of informal social institutions in the life of rural communities. Traditional social institutions (family, marriage, neighborhood, religion) continue to play an important role in shaping the social and economic behavior of the villagers. The rural communities of the Russian-Belarusian borderland serve as an example for considering the role of informal social institutions. In this region, the socio-economic transformations that began after the collapse of the USSR continue. Transformation is experienced by informal social institutions. The author conducts a theoretical analysis of the changes taking place, and also uses data from various sociological studies.

The article reveals the features of the restoration of parental rights on the basis of the current Russian legislation. The results of the expert survey conducted on the territory of Belgorod, Saratov regions and the Trans-Baikal Territory in 2018. The study was funded with the financial support of Russian Foundation for Humanities in the framework of the research project «Life trajectories of children and their biological parents, who restored their parental rights» № 16-03-00057. The main purpose of the article is to study the mechanism of restoring of parental rights, its positive and negative sides. The ambiguous attitude of experts towards the process of restoring of parental rights, high risk of recurrence of «secondary» social orphanhood in restored blood families is revealed; the need to introduce new technologies for social work with families in a socially dangerous situation and a difficult life situation are discussed.

In work on the basis of methods of mathematical modeling the problem of calculation of volume of production and stocks of production in the conditions of uncertainty of the demand, providing the minimal costs connected with storage of unrealized production and loss of the unsatisfied demand is considered. A criterion of efficiency is proposed that minimizes the mathematical expectation of aggregate costs, the relevance of the problem is justified, and the formulation of the optimization problem is formulated. A mathematical model is constructed that takes into account the stochastic nature of demand for products, and a methodology for solving the problem with various combinations of the initial conditions is compiled. An example of the search for an optimal solution with a uniform density of the distribution of demand for products is given.

Currently Russian industrial enterprises operate in the conditions of global competition at the world market. That’s why creating conditions and implementing a number of activities aimed at stimulation of progressive structural changes in production, meeting the world standards, is a key direction of the policy regarding industrial enterprises. According to the authors, achievement of the objective is possible via activation of innovating activity at enterprises, including industrial ones. The goal of the scientific article is the development and justification of the efficiency of the mechanism of stimulation of innovative activity of the industrial enterprises. Innovative and investment processes of the industrial enterprises are the target of the research. A complex approach to the study of business events in the field of innovative activity of the industrial enterprises is the methodological basis of the scientific article. Scientific novelty of the research lies in theoretical justification and development of the methodological approaches to the formation of innovating activity of the industrial enterprises in the modern period. The authors developed the mechanism of stimulation of innovative activity of the industrial enterprises, facilitating activation and development of innovations. The forms of interaction of the enterprises were revealed; they increase the efficiency of the structure of management of innovative activity. A matrix was developed, making it possible to evaluate the practicality and efficiency of the interaction of the social forms of organizations on the basis of positive and negative factors. Thus, the efficiency of the developed mechanism of stimulation of innovative activity of the industrial enterprises, capable of multiplying their innovative potential and redefining the innovatively active industrial enterprises, was justified and proved.

Introduction. The modern educational space is constantly changing, causing destabilization both in social processes and in education. The aim of the article is to analyse problem of alienation in modern education, which affects both the subject of education, and the subject of pedagogical activity. Methodology and methods of research. In accordance with a number of scientific approaches, such as systemic and structural-functional, the authors disclose the contradictions of modern education, which lead to alienated perception of the educational space. The study used General scientific methods: analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, comparison. Result of research. From the position of the subject of training, these processes are developed through alienation from educational activity and its results; alienation of subjects of training from each other; and alienation from the values of their native culture and the lack of management of their education. From the position of the subject of pedagogical activity, alienation from the new ways and forms of work is observed. Conclusion. The authors assert that alienation processes in the modern Russian education are object-subjective, since on the one hand, the emerging educational environment itself includes alienation from the subject of education, and on the other hand the entity of education is not itself ready to work with it.

Introduction. The article is devoted to the study of the type of talent, which is associated with high claims on the goals and results of activity, with the willingness to build their livelihoods to achieve them, with the ability to functionally integrate existing subject knowledge and functionalize cognitive abilities. Its relevance is related to the insufficient criteria of the existing approach to giftedness and, as a consequence, its focus on formal indicators, rather than practical achievements. Methodology and methods of research: system-genetic analysis, integrative systematization of data and construction of explanatory dynamic models. Results of research. The study identifies the key criteria of motivational giftedness, as well as specific settings that allow you to track its actual manifestation; proposed gradual age-consistent model of pedagogical maintenance of development of motivational giftedness. Conclusion. Motivational talent can be represented as a complex implementation of outstanding human qualities, organized by the ability and willingness to set and achieve their own goals, including through special design methods and technologies necessary activities. Criteria bases for allocation of various approaches to definition of giftedness on which, motivational giftedness can be allocated in a mode of comparison and distinction with other types of complexes of outstanding qualities of the growing person are entered. The specific social and psychological indicators of motivational talent are described in detail, the optimal forms of its support are described.

Introduction. The article summarizes the experience of organizing the research work of undergraduates in the study of regional objects of arts and crafts and art crafts in the Urals. In the introduction, the author explains the purpose of writing master's works on arts and crafts, when along with knowledge the values of regional art are comprehended. The importance of such studies is also in the fact that masters study little described products from local museums of local lore, which have great aesthetic value. Ural, since the XVIII century was one of the most developed regions of the Russian Empire, which was expressed not only in technical production, but also in the composition of the art school, which manifested itself in decorative and applied art. At the beginning of the twentieth century, it reached the world level. This became possible due to the deep educational traditions that covered large sections of the Urals population. The early appearance of the art industry filled the region with a rather large number of high-level art objects that are now stored in numerous museums and private collections. Methodology and methods of research. The methodology and methodology of studying the teaching of undergraduates of arts and crafts is based on the competence approach, which determines not only the scope of their knowledge and skills, but also certain qualities of the individual, in our case these are the qualities of a researcher-art critic. Results of research. In the results of the study, the main components were singled out, which made it possible to form master students' ability to determine the aesthetic values of regional objects of arts and crafts. They were aesthetic views, ideals and taste. Each component has a certain independence and is formed in different age periods, while at the same time in an adult person they act interrelated and simultaneously. They express themselves in aesthetic evaluation, which should be done by undergraduates in their research. In this respect, regional art objects are preferable, since they can be directly studied by students in art galleries, museums of local lore and at exhibitions. Personal aesthetic perception of the object is the primary point of the formation of aesthetic and artistic values. Purposeful and consistent training of undergraduates contributes to the formation of their aesthetic views that allow us to objectively assess the identified aesthetic values for the current generation of people. Conclusion. The author in the emphasizes that the search and description of poorly studied objects of regional art is an actual task of scientific research of future masters. The preserved artistic traditions are the source for the creation of new objects of decorative and applied art. The main thing is that the formed ability of undergraduates to correctly evaluate works of art remains for the rest of their lives.

Introduction. The article discusses the formation of professional competencies of future masters of design through project activities. Project activities are considered in the context of two-level education. Substantiates the relevance of the transition of higher education in Russia to a two-level system of bachelor's and master's degrees, as a result of which there is a reorganization and modernization of professional training of highly qualified specialists in all areas. The concepts of «competence» and «professional competence» as mandatory components of the educational program are defined. The problems of correlation of formation of complex competencies at both stages of training of future designers are revealed. Methodology and methods of research. The methodological basis was the competence-based approach in the professional training of designers through project activities within the two-level education system. The implementation of this approach is carried out in stages, where the design is one of the main means of formation of professional competencies of students. Result of research. The model of project activity in a two-level system of training designers is described. This model considers the differences of project activities in three components: scientific, project, effective. The necessity of changing the specificity of design in the master's degree in comparison with the bachelor's degree is substantiated. Conclusion. Training in design according to the developed model leads to the understanding of the importance of the desire to learn, personal motivation and activity of students, providing a higher level of professional competence. This allows at graduate level most fully to recreate the professiogram of a designer of the highest category.

The subject of the study is the relationship between growth of lateral shoots and pine needles. A methodical approach to the mathematical-statistical processing of biometric data is used, which supplements modern methods of analysis. The approach makes it possible to identify both linear and nonlinear relationships between directly measurable characteristics in the form of formula relations, the set of which facilitates the formation of ones own conceptual models or the verification of known ones and helps identify morphometric characteristics that are essential for modeling the studied processes. The presence of the following relationships is established: the inverse dependence of the length of the needles on its density (the number of needles pairs per unit surface area of the auxiblast); the dependence of the length of the auxiblast on the «development» of needles (the product of the number of needles pairs by the length of the needles); the dependence of the number of needles pairs on the shoot and the length of the current year’s shoot from the value of shoot increment of the previous year; the relationship of «development» of needles with the ratio of axial and radial dimensions of the shoot. A positive correlation between the remoteness from the flame and the magnitude of the coefficients in the formula specifying the latter relationship allows one to make supposition on the effect of temperature increase on the relative redistribution of the auxiblast biomass over radial or axial increments. An analysis of the formulas obtained indicates a significant relationship between radial and axial growth processes with «development» of needles, as well as their conjugation with the state in the previous year, and the effect of a gas flame on them.

The research was carried on in even-aged Gmelin larch trees ( Larix gmelinii (Rupr.) Rupr.), growing in permafrost conditions of the north and south facing slopes (Central Siberia, 64°19′23″N, 100°13′28″E). 13 even-aged larch trees growing in the north facing slope and 5 ones growing in south facing slope were selected. Tree ring widths were measured at 1/4, 1/2, 3/4 of the stem height and at beneath apex. The sliding response functions were calculated in the common period 1974-2009. It has been revealed negative trend in the variation of the mean tree ring widths along the stems of the trees growing in the north facing slope. Indexed radial increments at higher levels in the stems (3/4 of the stem height and just beneath apex) of these trees correlated negatively with air temperature in the third decade of April as well as positively correlated with this climate factors from the 20-th of May to the middle of June. In the south-facing slope the similar correlations were not revealed. In the north facing slope, with the correlation of those measured just beneath top of a tree with precipitation in the third decade of May was especially notable. These tendencies were considered as circumstantial arguments in favor of Gmelin larch trees growing in the north facing slope experienced harsh water deficiency from 20-th of May to the middle of June. Water deficiency could reduce water potential of tree tops, which could be responsible for their drying off.

The aim of this study was to investigate the change of pigment complex and biochemical parameters of the Siberian larch Larix sibirica Ledeb. needles in the various functional zones of Ulan-Ude city (Republic of Buryatia, Russia). Using a scanning electron microscope with an energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), the size, distribution and chemical composition of individual particles were examined on the surface of needle discs of the Siberian larch . The majority of particles (40-50 % of the needle surface) were observed on the needle from traffic zone of city. In the residential part of the city, in urban parks and squares, the particles occupied 20-30 % of the needle surface. Single particles were found on the needle from background part. Chemical composition indicated that the most particles were soot and dust with minor constituents such as Si, S, Fe, Al, Cu, Zn, W, Ti, Ca, Сl, Cr, Ni. Much higher concentration trace metals exceeding background levels in 1.4-7.7 times were found in needle from traffic zone. Accumulation of pollutant elements in needles leads to activation of antioxidant protection. The amount of photosynthetic pigments in needles increases by 1.5-2.2 times compared with background values, mainly due to chlorophyll b and carotenoids. Ratio of сhl. a / chl. b , and also chlorophylls to carotenoids decreases by 13-26 %. Proline content increases 1.6-7.5 times, ascorbic acid - 1.2-1.3 times, catechin and proanthocyanidins - 3.0-4.8 times. The highest concentrations of these compounds were found in the traffic zone of the city.

Based on experiments of forest fire modeling conducted in 2000-2003 for the first time in Siberia, long-term monitoring of impact of various intensities fires on Scots pine stand components and post-fire succession was conducted. The most significant postfire transformation of all Scots pine stands components was revealed after high-intensity fires. The relationship between tree mortality and fire intensity was established. The estimation of initial post-fire succession, change of composition and structure of grasses and small shrubs as well as pine regeneration was provided. The relationship between phytomass consumption and fire intensity was established. Aboveground phytomass decreased after fires of low intensity by 5-10 %, and after high-intensity fires - by 74 %. The greatest accumulation of ground phytomass occurs in the first postfire years, which is associated with the intensive tree mortality during this period. Due to tree mortality, mortmass (duff, down woody debris) increased after high-intensity fire more than two times. After the fires, the redistribution of the living biomass to mortmass occurs, with highest changes found after high-intensity fires. The relationships between phytomass accumulation and fire intensity and time since fire were obtained for southern and central taiga Scots pine stands. The investigation conducted allows to forecast impact of fires of various intensities on forest components, post-fire succession and reforestation of Siberian Scots pine stands based on data on prefire pine characteristics and fire intensity.

The data of experimental studies on the effect of final felling and forest fires on the changes in water regulation and soil protection functions of larch forests in Northern Mongolia are considered. The results of snow surveys on felling and burns in pseudo-taiga and subtaiga larch forests of Central Khangai and East Khentey are analyzed. It was revealed that in the conditions of winters with little snow, the forests are snow accumulators and can significantly affect the replenishment of spring moisture reserves and the moisture regime of soils. During the melting of snow, the runoff in the forest starts 2-4 days later than on logged and burned areas. It is established that, in contrast to the mountain forests of Siberia, the Urals and the Far East, the water-controlling role of forests in Mongolia is most clearly expressed in the warm season, when the main amount of precipitation falls and the maximum annual runoff of rivers is formed. At this time, the forest largely prevents the formation of surface runoff, contributes to a more uniform groundwater supply of rivers and is a powerful anti-erosion factor. In the forest, the surface run-off in summer usually does not exceed 0.6 % of the total precipitation. The negative effect of conditionally final and final felling and ground litter-humus fires on changes in stocks, the qualitative fractional composition of forest litter and their moisture capacity, and also the water-physical properties of soils is shown. On logged and burned areas soil density increases, total porosity decreases, the range of active moisture decreases and the water holding capacity of the upper soil horizons decreases. Quantitative indicators of summer liquid and solid matter surface runoff formed on logged and burned areas in larch forests of Central Khangai and East Khentey are given. Anthropogenic destruction of forest ecosystems inevitably leads to their degradation, the restoration of which takes many decades.

In the study, based on the analysis of literary sources and the own research materials, the characteristic of the environmental situation in Taimyr is done, in connection with aerial technogenic impact of the Norilsk mining and smelting complex (NMSC). The dynamics of forest condition over the past decade in the area within 200 km or more from the complex is evaluated. The analysis was performed taking into account the landscape structure of the territory. The progressive drying of the large areas of the northern forests since the early 80’s is registered. The dendroclimatic analysis of the increment of older larch trees in the zone of the NMSC impact, implemented by the method of revealing the main factors influencing the increment, showed that since the beginning of the 20^th century, the instability of the increment of wood has increased due to the sensitivity of this tree species to changes in the temperature conditions of growth. To assess the extent of forest damage, an aerial survey was conducted in July, 2003, as a result of which zoning of the territory adjacent to the NMSC was carried out according to the degree of damage to the stands: dead stands, severely damaged stands and moderately damaged stands. An estimation of the productivity of stands and the degree of their damage by landscape locations was made. The negative role of sulfur compounds was assessed and contemporary measures for sulfur utilization were described.

For natural pine forests in the southern part of the Primorsky Krai, an assessment of biological diversity has been performed based on the results of descriptions of valuable tree species, living ground cover and carabid beetles Carabus . Field work was carried out on the trial plots laid in the forest plantations of the pine and broad-leaved forest with the domination of Korean pine Pinus koraiensis Siebold & Zucc. Model sites contained a chronological sequence of development of forest plantations of fresh small-grass and different-bush type on the interval of age 50-200 years. In the process of reforestation, a decrease in the total projective coverage of living ground cover was observed, while the number of species characteristic for natural pine forests, as well as their leveling, increased at the same time. By the age of 200 years species richness and leveling of the number of ground beetle species have reached a maximum. Statistically significant difference was found between the total number of caught insects in the plantations of 50 and 200, 80 and 200 years. The most valuable in terms of biological diversity are the old-growth pine forests. A conclusion was made about the value of this group of forests for the protection of valuable communities and habitats of species. Among ground beetle species Carabus schrencki Motschulsky, Carabus maacki Morawitz and Carabus macleayi Dejean can serve as an indicator of forest value. With a minimum total projective coverage (8.3 %), 200-year-old pine forests are favorable for the growth of such characteristic species as the mountain peony Paeonia oreogeton S. Moore, pale-mountain Dryopteris crassirhizoma Nakai, and the Pale Indian Plantain Cacalia auriculata H. Rob. & Brettell. On this site the Shannon index of species of living ground cover was 3.6, the Carabus species is 1.4.

The area of drained lands after peat mining in Russia is about 1 million ha and in Belarus 200 thousand ha. The lands after peat mining have poor fertility and different environmental characteristics. Successful forest planting on this lands are limited by high acidity, low depth and decomposition of peat layer and bad availability of mineral nutrients. One of the perspective directions is creation of short rotation coppice plantations of trees, such as willow, poplar and black alder. The wood of those trees may be used as a renewable source of energy. The purpose of our experiments was to estimate an efficiency of creation short rotation willow coppice plantations on the lands after peat mining. Experiments were conducted in Grodno Oblast of the Republic of Belarus. Experimental plots were planted on four types of soils with different layer and decomposition of peat and different agrochemical characteristics. Willow plants on the plots with shallow peat layer with bad peat decomposition were growing slowly and the height of plants after three years (the time of harvesting) was about 2-2.5 m. Height of willow plants on the plots with deep peat layer and with good decomposition and structure of peat after three years was 4-4.5 m. The yield of wood from these plots was 9-10 ton per ha per year in dry matter calculation. This yield was not much lower with compare to yield of willow on mineral soils. The wood from plantations (10 ha of area) were using by peat factory as a renewable biomass for energy. It is possible to increase yield of willow on the base of introduction species, which are adapted to wetlands like Salix dasyclados Wimm . The productivity of Salix dasyclados in our experiments was higher to compare to Salix viminalis L., which usually is used for selection of fast growing clones. The acidity of wetlands decreased on 0.30-1.05 pH after application of 10 tons of peat and it amounted to 5.95-6.25 pH in depends of variant.

Arthur G. Krylov - doctor in biology, well-known specialist in geobotany, typology of Siberian forests, developed the classification of the Siberian stone pine forest types and generalized classification of forest life forms in the North Eurasia. The mountains of Altai, Far East and Caucasus, the West-Siberian plain forests, were studied during his long expedition life.