Yu. M. Goncharov1, O. G. Klimova2 1Altay State University, 61 Lenin str., Barnaul, 656049, Russian Federation 2Altay State Technical University, 46 Lenin str., Barnaul, 656038, Russian Federation
Keywords: history, Siberia, historiography, XIX century, personalities, biographies, entrepreneurship, merchants, scientific school
Studying the entrepreneurship as a research area in the national historiography has long been devoted to studying the bourgeoisie, and started to develop as a history of entrepreneurship and merchants only in the recent decades. The revision of the theoretical and methodological foundations of the historical studies of entrepreneurship enabled historians to begin studying new interesting research directions. The paper objective is to examine scientific heritage of Dmitry Yakovlevich Rezun, Doctor of Historical Sciences, the famous scientist and organizer of studying the entrepreneurship history in prerevolutionary Siberia. The article presents a historiographical analysis of scientific works of D. Ya. Rezun, as well as contemporary Russian authors’ papers devoted to his life and activity. D. Ya. Rezun went all the way from the senior laboratory assistant to the head of the Department of History of the late XVI - early XIX centuries at the Institute of History of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. He contributed a lot to studying and organizing the research of the Siberian entrepreneurship history in pre-revolutionary Siberia. It is possible to state the scholar’s numerous publications, genre variety of his works huge extension of source base, new methodological approaches. D. Ya. Rezun organized publication of such unique works on the entrepreneurship history in pre-revolutionary Siberia as “The brief encyclopedia on the history of Siberian merchants and commerce”, “The encyclopedic dictionary on the history of Siberian merchants and commerce”. The historian published more than a thousand scientific works including more than twenty monographs. No doubt that D. Ya. Rezun did a lot to develop historical science in Siberia and Russia, played a significant role in editing collected works, preparing conferences on the history of pre-revolutionary Siberia.
E. V. Komleva
Institute of History SB RAS, 8, Nikolaev Str., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russian Federation
Keywords: foreign historiography, development of the North-East of Eurasia, Siberian merchantry, way of life, fur trade, Russian-Chinese economic relationship, interaction with the state
The article analyzes the views of Western European and American authors on Siberian merchantry and its role in the economic and socio-cultural development of North-Eastern Eurasia. The first sketches of the lives of Siberian merchants and colorful characteristics of individual members of this stratum of society came from the pen of the foreign travelers of the second half of the XVII - the early XX century. In the XX century the foreign researchers focused on the issues related to the movement of Russia to the East, the participation of entrepreneurs in this process, the development of Russian-Chinese economic relations and fur trade in the North Pacific region. The interest in these topics is also characteristic of modern English-language historiography. Of particular importance is the recently published work of American researcher Erica Monahan, dedicated to the Siberian merchants of the late XVI-XVIII century. Using the examples of merchant dynasties of different regional and ethnic origin operating in Siberia the author considers the conditions of functioning of merchant capital in the territory of the region, interaction of businessmen with central and local authorities. E. Monaghan draws attention to the flexibility of the Russian government towards the participants of the process of development of new Siberian territories. Inscribing the Russian realities of the late XVI-XVIII centuries in a broader context, the author considers trade as the main mechanism by which the Russian government sought to assert its influence in Asia. In general, while assessing the genesis of capitalist relations in Russia, foreign researchers noted the dominant role of the state in the economy, the desire of power structures to control as much as possible the actions of private entrepreneurs. A characteristic feature of the works of foreign researchers is the desire to present the processes in a global context, to identify the place and importance of Russia in the development of the world economy.
V.I. Shishkin
Institute of History SB RAS, 8, Nikolaeva str., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russian Federation
Keywords: V.B. Eltsin, Siberian party organization, Sibkraicom of AUCP(b), intraparty struggle, discussion, opposition, trotskyism, faction, control commission, political practices
The aim of this paper is understanding political practices, which were used by the leadership of AUCP(b) in the struggle against intraparty opposition in the mid -1920s. The determination of institutes and “technologies” (instruments, mechanisms and methods), used by Stalin’s majority of the ruling Communist party against its opponents, will permit to get a more complete and objective idea about the state of the political sphere of the Soviet society of that time and the trends of its development, the political culture of different factions of the Bolshevik party, about the causes of the victory won by I.V. Stalin and his supporters over the opposition. The object of research is the Bolshevik-oppositionist Victor Eltsin, the subject of research is his political behavior and the arsenal of methods, used by the party leadership against him. Victor Eltsin was chosen as the subject and object of the research due to two reasons. Firstly, he was a son of B.M. Eltsin, who belonged to the thin layer of Bolsheviks, who were considered to be “the old party guard”; secondly, Victor Eltsin was a bright representative of a young generation of Bolsheviks, who had shown his worth during the revolution, the civil war and the first half of NEP, due to which he was known among the party elite and wide communist environment. The methodology is based on double reflection, where a retrospective research strategy of a biographical method is combined with the strategy of case study. The author of the article comes to the conclusion that three repressive measures were used against Eltsin: at the end of September of 1927 a temporary assignment by way of party discipline (in fact - an exile) from Moscow to Siberia; in the middle of November - the expulsion from the rows of AUCP(b) based on the charge in faction anti-party activity; in January of 1928 - an administrative exile to Ust-Vym of the autonomous region Komi (Zyrian). Since the autumn of 1927 the above mentioned repressive measures began to play a less important role in the arsenal of political practices, used by Stalin’s leadership of AUCP(b).
V. A. Isupov
Institute of History SB RAS, 8 Ak. Nikolayeva str., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russian Federation
Keywords: population size, population, statistics, registration, dynamics, city, working settlement, war, occupation, rear area
There is a statement in the modern scientific literature that one of the main socio-economic processes of the twentieth century is urbanization. In our opinion, it’s not far from the truth. The development of a network of urban settlements became possible only because of the rapid growth of the industrial economy, development of transport routes, trade and culture. Urbanization, as is known, is interpreted in two aspects. In the broadest sense of the word urbanization means the formation of the urban way of life, the transformation of the social psychology of the resident of the city, the emergence of a new cultural environment. In the narrow sense of the word urbanization is the growth of the urban population, an increase in the proportion of urban residents in the population, the expansion of the network of urban settlements.This article considers the poorly studied problem of urban population dynamics in the RSFSR during the World War II. While the size of urban population in certain regions of the country in 1939-1945 is determined, the urban population dynamics on the national level remains beyond the attention of scientists, though there is a large number of works devoted to the problems of historical demography and historical urbanistics. Meanwhile, the question of population change, including urban, is extremely important. It is not only a significant indicator of social and economic and demographic development, but an important criterion of both direct and human losses. Besides, data on the population in the war years are used for determining the military and labor mobilization resources, for calculations of the parameters of natural and mechanical movement of the population. So, the problem formulated in the article is one of the fundamental problems of historical demography. The article reveals specific indicators of population size in cities and in rear areas as well as in the occupied territories. A lot of attention is paid to source-study aspects of the problem
The article objective is to identify main problems related to Siberia’s economic development peculiarities in the Soviet period. The research is necessary to reveal the historical experience of Siberia’s industrial development as the rear region of the USSR rich in natural and mineral resources. The paper’s problematic field includes the phased implementation of industrial programs in the Siberian region territory. The first program was the Ural-Kuznetsk project which laid the foundations for Siberia’s industrial development in the 1930s. As the project’s implementation result, hundreds enterprises were evacuated to the region from the western part of the USSR during the Great Patriotic War. The article emphasizes the events of Siberia’s industrial modernization in the post-war period as well, when implementation of the industrial programs continued in the region. In the post-war years, all endeavors of the prewar and military periods were further developed. The state strategy aimed exclusively at increasing the industrial potential of eastern regions, including Siberia. In the 1950s-1960s, energy, mining, non-ferrous metallurgy and wood chemistry, pulp-paper and other industries developed rapidly in the region. The average annual growth rate of the gross industrial output was higher in Siberia than in the USSR as a whole. In the post-war period, the military-strategic goals of Siberia’s industrial modernization remained. Plans to create new weapons types, including nuclear ones, were realized under conditions of unfolding the «cold war». The military-defense complex of the region significantly increased in such circumstances. In Siberia during the «cold war», new enterprises were built in various branches of the military-defense industry: nuclear, rocket-space, electronic, which produced the newest weapons, including rocket and missile equipment. The author concludes that the main factor of Siberia economic development was industrial modernization, which determined the state’s attitude towards the region.
The article presents the results of the analysis of the handwritten collection in order to represent how the printed edition of Kormchaja kniga, carried out in 1653 by Patriarch Nikon, was included in the system of book authorities of the Old Believers. Attention is drawn to the fact that the first generation of opponents of the church reform, proving the illegality of the changes introduced into the rite and the liturgical practice of the Russian Orthodox Church, relied, first of all, on authoritative manuscripts and early printed books. Kormchaja kniga as a collection of church canons, Slavic and Russian laws, of course, was used by the first generation of defenders of the Old Belief. References to this book attached significance to any given argument. The collection compiled by the monk Gerontij from Solovetsky monastery (Russian State Library, Egorov, No. 706) provided an opportunity to understand how the author proved the authority of the printed edition of Kormchaja kniga. Of course, Gerontij, first of all, drew attention to the hand-written version from the library of Solovetsky Monastery. He used this manuscript in all cases, when he found the fragment he needed. Analysis of the text of the first part of the collection made it possible to trace how the author gradually convinced the readers, that Kormchaja kniga is the authoritative source. Quoting from the manuscript, Gerontij noticed on the field that in printed version the reader will find a similar text. Gerontij proved the authority of the publication due to the fact that some needed fragments were absent in manuscript. Quotations from the print edition, when it was possible, were accompanied by the parallel texts from an ancient manuscript. It is concluded that Gerontij introduced the printed edition into the circle of authoritatives. It was necessary for him to strengthen his position. The reference to Kormchaja kniga was realized in the 17th century as an unconditional authority, because this text was authoritative both in canonical and historical aspects.
The article deals with the methods of positioning and communicative strategies of the leader of the largest Old Believer’s center in Vyg Andrei Denisov (1674-1730). The author focuses on the rich handwritten heritage of Andrei Denisov, which became part of the book culture of the Old Believers of a later time, and his image was sacralized. The Vyg founders succeeded in building their own cultural and ideological center inside the empire, a so called state of its own. The role of Andrei Denisov in this process was the most important. At the beginning of the 18th centuries Andrei Denisov was the ideological leader of Russian spiritual traditionalism, which opposins the tendencies of Westernization, which were characteristic of the Russian Empire. A unique literary culture of Vyg was born as early as the 18th century. It was based on ancient literary and spiritual traditions and the modern ideas of European Baroque. The genre of sermon showed its creative potential by appearing in new forms and using the Baroque rhetoric. A preacher of the Vyg Andrei Denisov aimed at creating exceptionally high quality sermons. Andrei Denisov, dealing with the problems of the pustyn’ (hermitage) building, holding the debate and dealing with urgent everyday problems, found time to write a lot of sermons and messages as he fully realized the importance and effectiveness of the sermon word. The article reconstructs self-identification and ways of forming the image of the leader of a large religious community, reveals the techniques used by Andrei Denisov for successful communication within the community, establishes their connection with the baroque literary culture. Experts in the field of political image among other characteristics of a successful political leader called the “legend”. The “legend” of Andrei Denisov based on the eschatological theory of the “spiritual antichrist”, which has taken possession of the outside world, is being restored from the totality of his writings.
L.I. Zhurova
Institute of History SB RAS, 8, Nikolayeva str., Novosibirsk, 63090, Russian Federation
Keywords: messages, journalism of the XVI century, Maxim Grek, Fedor Ivanovich Karpov, Metropolitan Daniel, intellectual identity
The popularity and relevance of letters in XVI century publicism resulted from the fact that during the establishment stage of the Russian autocracy the word became an effective tool for defending opinions, ideas and conceptions. Letters as an epistolary genre transformed into a correspondence between famous people of elite communities - civil and religious. The most peculiar thing in its history is that most of provocative letters did not survive to nowadays. The contacts between Maximus the Greek and Fedor Karpov were documented by the correspondence which transformed from personal communication into the fact of political and church life, and a mark of mental strivings and ideological trends of the epoch. The analysis of correspondence concerning the acquaintance of two vivid personalities has shown that the mutual understanding was based on the correlation of inner world parameters of an educated monk and a man of education at Muscovia court. Disagreements and reconciliations, quarrels and understanding are represented in the correspondence of publicists, which preserved the memory of individual personalities. Dialogues between Maximus the Greek and Fedor Karpov were rich in topical issues (discussion of theological doctrine about a Sacred Trinity, the role of predictive astrology). Despite the friendly relationships, they often polemicized. Clear position of Saint Paisios, systematic representation of facts, deep knowledge of the object of discussion and the affective tone of utterance were food for Russian diplomat’s thoughts. Treating a word as a cure is one of the dominant features of Maximus the Greek and Fedor Karpov’s identity. Both publicists in their letters to Metropolitan Daniel independently of each other took the position of “native” - “non-native”. Closeness of views and positions of Maximus the Greek and Fedor Karpov upon the question of truth and justice in the society organization, similarity of intentions to support the monarchy, tendency to utopian projects of government political organization, and humanist approach to the solution of several social issues altogether comprise a characteristic field of group intellectual identity of publicists in XVI century. From the point of view of dynamic relations, both personalities took leading positions in the correspondence, and their common efforts produced rules and regulations of Muscovia intellectual elite identification in the first half of XVI century.
T.V. Panich
Institute of History SB RAS, 8 Nikolaev str., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russian Federation
Keywords: written culture, XVII century, writers of the patriarchal circle, Evfimiy Chudovsky, intellectual leader
The issue of “intellectual leadership” is particularly interesting among actual problems of the historical science and culture. In the context of the “intellectual leadership” problem the article investigates the personality and literary activity of Monk Evfimiy of Chudov monastery, a representative of Russian written culture of the second half of the XVII century, who was involved into the creative community of writers from the Patriarch circle. The study objective is to establish the features of interpersonal relationships within the group of his associates, to reveal the features characterizing Evfimiy as an intellectual leader, to determine the specifics of the writer’s ideological and spiritual influence on the milieu based on the analysis of Evfimiy Chudovsky’s own texts and writings of his close authors. Studying the materials reveals the main qualities characterizing Evfimiy Chudovsky as an intellectual leader: intellect, erudition, profound knowledge in the field of book culture, organizational skills, a high level of social consciousness and responsibility, etc. The way of Evfimiy Chudovsky’s effect on milieu was a word that had a large weight in the context of the writer’s polemic discourse. The texts of Evfimiy and his contemporary testimonies show that the writer’s ideological influence was not only limited to the creative circle, to which he belonged and whose rights and interests he expressed and defended, it also extended to the broad masses of the population. Each Evfimiy’s work reflected his active participation in the discussion of the contemporary urgent problems; high emotional intensity of his statements in defense of Orthodoxy and traditional bases of national culture - all this influenced his surroundings. The main merit of Evfimiy Chudovsky is that he reflected a complex of ideas and values that formed the basis of cultural concept of writers of his circle, the foundation for the group’s socio-cultural identity. All this characterizes Evfimiy Chudovsky as an intellectual leader of the church writers’ community of the second half of the XVII century.
I.A. Shipilov
Institute of History SB RAS, 8, A. Nikolayev str., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russian Federation
Keywords: S. P. Krasheninnikov, Second Kamchatka Expedition, G.F. Müller, Siberia exploration history, «Description of Kamchatka Land», «On Sable Hunting», travel notes and diaries
The article is devoted to comparative study of geographic, ethnographic, natural science, science research and other papers and materials, including those not introduced to scientific circulation, by S. P. Krasheninnikov, an outstanding Russian scientist, participant of the Second Kamchatka Expedition, as well as relevant research literature. As a result, it has filled main gaps in historiography, corrected inaccuracies, and proposed reasoned solutions for debated topical issues. Based on comprehensive analysis of «Description of Kamchatka Land», Krasheninnikov’s travel notes, diaries and reports the author adds new information about travels and research conducted by this member of the Second Kamchatka Expedition, corrects misconceptions on routes of his travels in Siberia and Far East, clarifies his scientific biography and indicates his priority in investigations and description of some geographic objects. Concerning the history of studying ethnography materials by Krasheninnikov, the issue of his role in ethnology development is less highlighted, but it is significant as shown in this paper. Besides, the article points the prospects to research ethnolinguistic data by S.P. Krasheninnikov and his expedition colleagues (adjunct G.W. Steller and student A.P. Gorlanov), as well as scientific potential of work «On sable hunting» as a source for historical, biological and ecological research. The major research finding is a reasoned conclusion that Professor G.F. Müller and student Krasheninnikov had good professional and personal relationships during the Second Kamchatka Expedition. Due to the active participation of Professor of history in his student’s scientific and educational development the latter became a universal scientist, including science theorist, who described and explained the benefit of applying a historical and interdisciplinary approaches in science in the mid-XVIII century. Many Krasheninnikov’s papers remain scientifically relevant in the XXI century despite the illusion that they have been well studied.
Understanding the principles of biographical research received a powerful theoretical and methodological impetus in modern historiography, which resulted in emergence of such concepts as a “new biographical history” and “personal history”. Within the framework of these new approaches, personal texts (diaries, letters, memoirs, and autobiographies) are recognized as the principle research objects, while the individual history of people’s lives in all the diversity of their constituent aspects, including the surrounding society study, becomes the subject matter. A particular difficulty is posed by poor preservation of the above-mentioned historical sources. That is why it is so important to work with personal archives, with all the variety of documents in them. Even partially preserved memoirs and epistolary sources are taken into account as they allow the researcher to reveal, even if fragmentarily, individual biographies of people. This research is focused on the empirical solution to the named problems of modern biography studies. This article considers the scarcely explored Soviet period of life of the well-known Siberian educator P. I. Makushin (1844-1926). The focus is on his epistolary heritage, i. e. P. I. Makushin’s letters to V. D. Vegman, a prominent Bolshevik cultural figure of Soviet Siberia, as well as on other private messages from the latter’s personal archive mentioning the name of the Siberian educator and addressed to P. I. Makushin. This research deals with a gamut of problems reflected in the epistolary documents; specifies the circle of persons representing Tomsk intellectual community of the time close to both P.I. Makushin and V. D. Vegman; identifies the configurations of interpersonal interaction within the community; reveals features of evolution of relationships between the Siberian enlightener and the oldest Bolshevik of Siberia.
A.O. Anisimov
State Public Scientific and Technical Library SB RAS, 15 Voskhod str., Novosibirsk, 630200, Russian Federation
Keywords: publishing business, I.D. Sytin, A.M. Gorky, I.P. Ladyzhnikov, RSDRP(b), Ladyzhnikow Verlag, Ladyzhnikov Publishing House, B.N. Rubinstein’s archive, International Institute of Social History in Amsterdam
The article deals with the economic aspects of the Bolshevik Publishing House of I. Ladyzhnikov (I. Ladyschnikow Verlag, G.m.b.H) in Berlin. It emphasizes that in addition to propaganda functions, the Publishing House’s important task was to receive profits for the party needs. The author draws on the earlier known facts explaining the reasons to create the publishing house and its location abroad related to the possibility of controlling foreign publications of Russian authors (primarily Maxim Gorky, who made generous donations for the Bolshevik party). The paper studies the history of involving Ivan D. Sytin, a major Russian entrepreneur and book publisher, into the publishing house activity. The author analyzes various literary sources for a possible connection of Sytin with the leftist publishers in different historical periods. The conclusion is made that there is no documentary evidence confirming Sytin and Ladyzhnikov’s Publishing House cooperation. The author studied the documents found at the International Institute of Social History in Amsterdam, which made it possible to document the fact of Sytin’s joining the Publishing House of I. Ladyzhnikov as a shareholder and establish his share in it. It is concluded that the collaboration of both I.D. Sytin and the Bolshevik party had a pragmatic character based on the analysis of previously unknown documents. The Bolsheviks received money from the Russian publisher used for the party needs, and Sytin got a reliable mechanism to distribute book products abroad through the Bolshevik publishing house. The article shows a special role of Maxim Gorky in attracting I.D. Sytin to cooperate with the Russian Social-Democratic party; as well as Sytin’s cautious attitude to Ladyzhnikov as Gorky’s confidant and his attempts to get a direct contact with the writer without any negotiators. It describes Sytin’s prerevolutionary contacts with the Bolsheviks and their effect on his last years of life in Soviet Russia.
E.V. Engalycheva (Bulgakova)
F. M. Dostoevsky Omsk State University, 55A, Mira str., Omsk, 644077, Russian Federation
Keywords: periods, periodization, book publishing, publishers, books for children, children’s literature, trends, specific features, Siberia
The article is devoted to understanding the historical periods, post-Soviet tendencies of the children’s book market segment of the late ХХ - early XXI centuries. The principle of historicism made it possible to comprehensively consider the conditions of the children’s book development, its fundamental role in the book culture of Russia and Siberia in particular. Using a formal-logical, comparative historical and structural-typological methods contributed to subdividing the contemporary history of regional children’s book publishing into 4 main stages, identifying cause-and-effect relations in studying the specific features of the Siberian children’s book publishing in interrelation with the logics and development trends of publishing in Russia at the turn of the XX-XXI centuries. An analytical method revealed the reasons of the children’s books’ flow development, “ups” and “downs” of children’s literature release, market leaders. Reconstruction of the domestic publishing system, changes in the economic- financial system, closure of the specialized children’s publishing houses led to shifting traditional leaders in the children’s literature edition both in the center of the country and in its regions. Many small and medium-sized private and mixed publishing houses releasing literature for adults and children appeared. Specialized book business giants of Moscow and St. Petersburg publishing children’s books for Russian regions appeared in 1991-2008. Functions of specialized children’s publishing houses in the Siberian region were taken over by the editorial offices of children’s magazines, which published unique serial issues of literature for children; publishing houses of universities, producing educational literature for primary and secondary schools, as well as various publishing and printing complexes. Specific features of publication of children’s literature at the turn of the XX-XXI century included: high circulation of works of classical Soviet and foreign literature, fairy-tale works, educational publications; low number of published children’s works of regional authors; appearance on the market of religious, reference and popular science literature and publications for leisure. For the first time in the Siberian region new forms of children’s books were be published: book-toys, coloring books. Problems of children’s book publishing included the lack of support for regional authors, lack of targeted support for local publishing houses that produce children’s literature. All this influences the development of the regional book space and the availability of children’s literature
T.Yu. Chesnokova1, K.M. Firsov2, A.A. Razmolov2 1V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634055, Russia 2Volgograd State University, 100, prospect Universitetsky, Volgograd, 400062, Russia
Keywords: атмосферный радиационный перенос, континуум водяного пара, перистые облака, atmospheric radiative transfer, water vapor continuum, cirrus clouds
The upward and downward fluxes of solar and thermal radiation are simulated for the meteorological conditions typical for midlatitude summer. The atmospheric radiative balance due to cirrus cloudiness with different depth is assessed. The sensitivity of the radiative forcing to models of water vapor continual absorption is estimated.
Mean concentrations of gas and aerosol components in different air masses near Tomsk are calculated from long-term TOR-station monitoring data. A decrease in the CO2 and CH4 concentrations from Arctic to tropical is shown to be characteristic. An inverse pattern is observed for ozone: maxima are recorded in tropical air masses, and minima, in Arctic. The distribution of such gases as CO and SO2 is more complex.
N.N. Shchelkanov
V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634021, Russia
Keywords: атмосфера, коэффициент ослабления, гнус, суточный ход, лето, метеорологические параметры, Западная Сибирь, atmosphere, extinction coefficient, midges, daily course, summer, meteorological parameters, Western Siberia
It is shown that the daily variation in the radiation extinction coefficient due to midges (RECM) has a morning statistically significant maximum at 09:00. This maximum is not connected with extremes of air temperature or relative humidity. The RECM maxima are observed at air temperature of 12-17 °C and relative humidity of 60-80%. Correlations between RECM and air temperature and relative humidity are statistically significant. Straight line inclination coefficients in RECM dependences on air temperature and relative humidity are -0.04 km-1/5 °C and +0.04 km-1/20%, respectively. It is revealed that the RECM maxima are observed at winds of 2-4 m/s directed from boggy forest sites, and minima, at winds of 1-4 m/s from the Ob River and dry mixed and pine forests
S.I. Dolgii1, A.A. Nevzorov1, A.V. Nevzorov1, A.P. Makeev1, O.A. Romanovskii1,2, O.V. Kharchenko1 1V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634055 2National Research Tomsk State University, 36, Lenin Avenue, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
Keywords: лидар, лазерное зондирование, озон, lidar, laser sensing, ozone, AURA, MetOp
A lidar complex designed at V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics SB RAS in Tomsk and used at the Siberian lidar station (56.5 N., 85.0 W) for the study of ozone dynamics near tropopause and for tracking global ozonosphere changes is presented. It allows measurement of vertical ozone distribution in the upper troposphere - stratosphere during sounding with the differential absorption method at wavelength pairs of 299/341 and 308/353 nm. The lidar complex covers altitudes from ~ 5 to ~ 45 km.
V.V. Belov1, Yu.V. Gridnev1, V.V. Kapustin2, V.S. Kozlov1, A.N. Kudryavtsev1, M.I. Kuryachy2, A.K. Movchan2, R.F. Rakhimov1, M.V. Panchenko1, V.P. Shmargunov1 1V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634055, Russia 2Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics, 634050, 40 Lenina Prospect, Tomsk, Russia
Keywords: активно-импульсные телевизионные ОЭС, помеха обратного рассеяния, лабораторные эксперименты, качество изображения объектов, частотно-контрастные характеристики, миры, рассеивающие и поглощающие среды, active pulsed TV OES, backscattered noise signal, laboratory experiments, quality of object imaging, frequency-contrast characteristics, miras, scattering and absorbing media
Results of laboratory experiments on the study of the influence of scattering and absorbing media on the quality of object imaging with active pulsed TV OES are discussed. It is shown that the quality of object imaging with active pulsed vision system or its frequency-contrast characteristic can be estimated by direct measurements or indirectly using the Fourier transforms of test object images or the derivatives of the functions derived experimentally. Previously formulated theoretical statement that the quality of images of objects screened by turbid media made with active pulsed OES with selection of backscattered noise signals can be almost 10 times better than that for the OES operated with laser side illumination and constantly opened receiver has been confirmed experimentally.
a:2:{s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"TEXT";s:4:"TEXT";s:69:"N. N. Mel’nikov†, A. I. Kalashnik, N. A. Kalashnik, D. V. Zaporozhets";}
Mining Institute, Kola Science Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Apatity, 184209 Russia
Keywords: многоуровневый мониторинг, междисциплинарные комплексные исследования, природно-технические объекты, горнодобывающие комплексы, Multi-level monitoring, integrated inter-branch studies, natural and man-mad objects, mining industry
The system of integrated multi-level geomonitoring is developed for man-man objects and oil/gas reservoirs in the west of Russian Arctic. The system is based on the principle of synchronization of inter-branch researches, including geodetic, geomechanical, geophysical and geotechnical measurements on the ground surface and by GPS, as well as subsurface, surface, aerial and GPR survey. The system uses the information technologies Big Data and Cloud Service with intelligence elements, and provides monitoring investigations at differ levels: remote, air, surface, subsurface, computer. In-situ inter-branch multi-level studies are the framework of the geomonitoring which continuously replenish and updates data bases. The multi-level approach is also involved in computer modeling: the geodynamic models of a man-made object, Kola Peninsula, Baltic Shield and Eurasian Plate are created as hierarchically nested structures. The models are analyzed under various boundary conditions, which enabled solution of an inverse problem on stress state of subsurface rock mass differentially by the investigates scales. The multi-level geomonitoring system is implemented at man-made objects of the key mining companies of the Kola Peninsula: Kovdorsky GOK, Kola MMC, Apatit, Oleniy Ruchey and OLKON GOKs.
L. A. Nazarova, L. A. Nazarov
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
Keywords: породный массив, пороупругое и пороупругопластическое деформирование, эффективное напряжение, проницаемость, скважина, эксперимент, образец с центральным отверстием, Rock mass, porous-elastic and porous-elastoplastic deformation, actual stress, permeability, well, experiment, specimen with center hole
The nonlinear model is developed to describe geomechanical and hydrodynamic fields in the vicinity of a vertical well in a fluid-saturated formation for the case when the permeability k depends on the actual stress sf by the exponential law. The analytical solutions are obtained for the porous-elastic and porous-elastoplastic modes of deformation of the well vicinity, based on which the change in the pressure and rate of flow under the variation of parameters characterizing the dependence k(sf) is analyzed. It is found that the rate of flow exponentially decreases with an increasing horizontal stress of the external field; the permeability of the irreversible strain zone around the well decreases with the distance from the well boundary. The test scheme is proposed for permeability of specimens with the center hole under side loading, and the experimental data interpretation procedure is put forward, which enables finding the empirical dependence k(sf).
N. N. Noskova1, V. E. Asming2, A. V. Fedorov2 1Academician Yushkin Institute of Geology, Komi Science Center, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, 167982 Russia 2Kola Division, Unified Geophysical Service of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Apatity, 184209 Russia
Keywords: горный удар, наведенная сейсмичность, геодинамическая опасность, угольная шахта, Воркутское месторождение, Rock burst, induced seismicity, geodynamic safety, coal mine, Vorkuta deposit
On January 25, 2018 within the limits of the Vorkuta urban district, the regional seismic stations recorded an event classified as a rock burst. The records of 17 stations at the epicentral distances from 260 to 1645 km were collected and analyzed. The epicenter was localized in the Komsomolskaya Mine field of the Vorkuta coal deposit. Parameters of this event hypocenter were calculated by the data of the mine seismic monitoring network GITS, Vorkutaugo, which greatly improved reliability of determination of the hypocenter as compare with processing results of he regional stations and offered a reference estimate of the localization. January 25 rock burst has one more time proved that the geodynamic control and safety enhancement in the important mining region in the Republic of Komi requires installation of seismic stations nearby mine fields in the Vorkuta district.
A. V. Usanova, S. V. Usanov
Institute of Mining, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, 620219 Russia
Keywords: дистанционное зондирование Земли, архивные радиолокационные снимки, сдвижение горных пород, Соколовское месторождение, мульда сдвижения, оседания, Earth remote sensing, archive radar images, rock movement, Sokolov deposit, subsidence trough, displacements
The ground surface subsidence under mining at the Sokolov-Sarbai iron ore deposit is measured using radar survey data obtained over the period from 2006 to 2016. The purpose of the research is to determine features of the process inside the subsidence trough at Sokolovskaya Mine under conditions of water-encroached loose formations. Using a series of Alos Palsar and Alos2 satellite radar images, the vertical subsidence in the test area of the deposit is evaluated. The history and boundaries of displacements within the subsidence trough, in pitwalls and in dump slopes are determined.
G. G. Kocharyan, A. M. Budkov, S. B. Kishkina
Institute of Geosphere Dynamics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334 Russia
Keywords: индуцированная сейсмичность, техногенные землетрясения, горные выработки, мониторинг, эффективная жесткость массива, разломные зоны, кулоновское напряжение, моделирование, Induced seismicity, induced earthquakes, underground openings, monitoring, actual rock mass stiffness, faulting zones, Coulomb stress, modeling
Subsection: ROCK FAILURE
The influence of underground excavations arranged nearby faults on the initiation of large seismic event is considered. Numerical modeling proves that amount of underground openings affects actual stiffness of rocks and initiates dynamic movements accompanied by intensive seismic radiation. As the rock mass quality worsens, the effective shear modulus drops. The calculations show that the effective shear modulus lowers by 20% for the stope on the same horizon, decreases 1.5 times in case of the stopes arranged on two horizons and nearly halves for three horizons. Such reduction in the actual shear stiffness of rock mass may be critical in terms of initiation of dynamic shift along a fault.
V. N. Tyupin, T. I. Rubashkina
Belgorod State University, Belgorod, 108015 Russia
Keywords: горный массив, напряженное состояние, энергия взрыва, зона раздавливания, зона радиальных трещин, физико-технические свойства, формулы для определения напряжений, достоверность, Rock mass, stress state, explosion energy, squeezing zone, radial fracturing zone, physicotechnical properties, stress formulas, validity
Subsection: ROCK FAILURE
The methods for the determination of stress state in rock mass using the energy of explosion are validated. The commercial-scale tests are performed with a view to sizing zones of squeezing and radial fracturing in mines of Priargunsky Mining and Chemical Works. It is found that the fracturing zone radius decreases and the squeezing zone diameter increases with the grater depth of mining operations. The theoretical formulas for calculating stresses depending on sizes of squeezing and fracturing zones, physical and mechanical properties of rocks and detonation characteristics of explosives are obtained. The validity of the formulas is proved in comparison with the method of stress measurement in parallel drill holes at the Antei deposit of Priargunsky MCW. The method of stress determination by blasting is suitable for operational application during heading in mines.
V. V. Ivashin, V. P. Pevchev
Tolyatti State University, Tolyatti, 445020 Russia
Keywords: сейсмоисточник, мощный короткоходовой электромагнит, рабочий зазор, контроль перемещения излучателя, Seismic source, powerful short-stroke electromagnet, gap, emitter movement control
Chandan Kumar1, V.M.S.R. Murthy1, L. A. Kumaraswamidhas1, Prakash Amar2 1Department of Mining Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Dhanbad 826004, India 2Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research, Dhanbad 826015, India
Keywords: карьерный комбайн, ширина барабана, глубина вруба, скорость зарубки, сила резания, предел прочности на растяжение, мощность резания, Surface miner, drum width, depth of cut, cutting speed, cutting force, tensile strength, cutting power
Surface miners are being increasingly used in opencast mines owing to their ability to excavate thin bands selectively. Even minor variations in intact rock and rock mass parameters can adversely affect the performance of surface miner in terms of production and pick consumption. Power utilization both by rotary motion of cutting drum and linear motion of surface miner has been taken into account for arriving at suitable cutting speed and depth of cut. Cutting speed of surface miner, cutting force developed by individual pick and number of active picks coming in contact with the rock in respect to depth of cut under varied tensile strength can be determined through these studies. This will help the end user to decide suitable parameters for operational control. It is essential to optimize the operating parameters of machine (cutting speed and depth of cut) for a given rock mass condition with available machine power. The present study covers the 2.2 m wide drums of surface miner. Distribution of power available to the components of the machine has been arrived based on technical specifications of each component, taking power loss due to sleep occurs in belt power transmission mechanism.
E. V. Gromov1,2, A. L. Bilin1, O. V. Belogorodtsev1, G. O. Nagovitsyn1 1Mining Institute, Kola Science Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Apatity, 184209 Russia 2Murmansk Arctic State University, Apatity, 184209 Russia
Keywords: труднодоступные месторождения, Арктическая зона, промышленный транспорт, комбинированная разработка, карьер, подземный рудник, компьютерное моделирование, экологические ограничения, технико-экономическая оценка, Hard-to-access deposit, Arctic zone, industrial conveyance and hoistng facilities, hybrid mining, ope pit mine, underground mine, computer-aided modeling, enviornmental constraint, technical-and-economic assessment
The technical approach to selection and substantiation of transport systems for hard-to-access mineral mining in the Arctic is based on complexing of methods of computer-aided modeling and technical-and-economic assessment. The features of the transport system design for mountainous and upland-and-flat terrains are described. The obtained relations of transportation cost and volume make it possible to validate the choice of transport. In terms of the Partomchorr deposit, it is shown that under conditions of upland-and-flat terrain and minor level difference, it is efficient to use motor vehicles in case of small transportation volume (to 2.4 Mt/yr) and cable-and-belt conveying in case of large volume of transportation. For the Chinglusuai deposit situated in the upland country with large level difference, efficiency of cable-railway haulage with feasibility of energy recovery is substantiated.
A. A. Ordin1, A. M. Timoshenko2, D. V. Botvenko2, A. A. Meshov3, M. A. Volkova3 1Institute of Computational Technologies, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia 2VostNII Science Center, Kemerovo, 650002 Russia 3SUEK-Kuzbass, Leninsk-Kuznetsky, 652507 Russia
Keywords: шахта, угольный пласт, фракционный состав, сорбция, метановыделение, скорость подачи, производительность, очистной комбайн, Mine, coal seam, fractional composition, sorption, methane release, feed speed, productivity, sheare loader
The technical and economic feasibility of increasing the length of longwall 5003 in Yalevsky Mine to 400 m and raising output per face to 70 thou t per day in mining thick coal seam is substantiated. It is found that from the condition of maximum annual profit of the mine, the optimal longwall length is 450 m, and the variants of the longwall lengths of 400 and 512 m are equivalent. The methane release calculations show that at the indicated length and production output of the longwall, it is predicted that methane concentration in return ventilation air is 0.53%, which means no gas criterion constraints.
In addition to capacity increase, quality also has critical importance in the cement industry. In a cement product process, the chemical properties based on the oxide composition are necessary in describing clinker characteristics. One of the most important parameters in cement product, Lime Saturation Factor (LSF) controls the ratio of alite to belite in the clinker and this factor is frequently used to evaluate the quality of cement. This study focuses on identifying LSF distribution in the site conditions. For this purpose, probabilistic (geostatistical) and non-probabilistic (neural network-based) algorithms have been used. 3-D based analyses revealed some relationships in the site conditions. The accuracy studies performed by performance indicators specified that the non-probabilistic methods produced better statistical prediction capacity. Thus, the adaptive neural algorithms can ensure the results identify the quality distribution in connection with geological parameters.
Theoretical aspects of studying stability of natural systems depending on investigation purposes are briefly analyzed. Applicability of the watershed/landscape concept of nature management to study transformation of geosystems disturbed by gold placer mining is substantiated. In terms of a model site within the limits of the Ket-Kap cluster of placers, the data on the degree of such transformations are given, and mid- and large-scale landscape mapping is performed using the modern remote sensing techniques. The qualitative indicators of transformation degree under placer mining are given for valley nature systems depending on watershed order. The relevance of the remote sensing in estimating the degree of transformation of natural systems at objects of gold placer mining at regional and local levels is demonstrated.
V. I. Cheskidov1, A. N. Akishev2, G. G. Sakantsev3 1Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia 2Yakutniproalmaz Institute, ALROSA, Mirny, 678174 Russia 3Institute of Mining, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, 620075 Russia
Keywords: крутопадающие месторождения, открытые горные работы, бестранспортная технология, драглайн, вскрышные породы, внутренние отвалы, взрывы на сброс, Steeply dipping ore bodies, open piyt mining, direct dumping, dragline, overburden, internal dumps, throw blast
Potential ranges of use of draglines at steeply-dipping diamond deposits in Yakutia are discussed. Technology of stripping with direct dumping and rehandling by draglines is substantiated for upper overburden layers. A variant of increasing height of stripping benches on haulage horizons through the use of draglines and crane lines. The resource saving technology is proposed for mining roundish and extended ore bodies with alternating advance of mining front and with internal dumping. The method of estimating efficient thickness of overburden in case of direct dumping is developed using the layer coefficient of overburden rehandling. Expediency of using blasting for displacement of broken overburden to internal dump is specified.
D. V. Zedgenizov, N. A. Popov
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
Keywords: тоннельный вентилятор, частота вращения ротора, расход воздуха, поршневое действие поездов, Tunnel fan, rotor speed, air flow rate, piston effect
Subsection: MINE AEROGASDYNAMICS
The data of the full-scale experiment on adjustment of VOMD-24 fan rotor speed with a view to controlling the fan efficiency under impact of the piston effect are presented. The reduction in actual air flow rate at the passenger platform of subway due to decreased fan efficiency is estimated at different intensity of traffic along the subway line. The algorithm of the tunnel fan rpm adjustment per day in conformity with the train traffic density and the architecture of automated control of the tunnel fan efficiency by frequency transducer are proposed.
V. A. Chanturia, I. Zh. Bunin, M. V. Ryazantseva, E. L. Chanturia, A. L. Samusev, E. V. Koporulina, N. E. Anashkina
Research Institute for Comprehensive Exploitation of Mineral Resources, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 111020 Russia
Keywords: эвдиалит, РФЭ- и ИК-спектроскопия, растровая электронная микроскопия, структурно-химические свойства, микротвердость, мощные электромагнитные импульсы, выщелачивание, Eudialyte, XPS, FTIR, SEM, structural and chemical properties, microhardness, high-power electromagnetic pulses, leaching
The mechanism of weakening and directional change in structural and chemical properties of eudialyte under nonthermal exposure to nanosecond high-voltage electromagnetic pulses and nitric-acid leaching is studied. The methods of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and microhardness measurement are used. The rational mode of high-energy pulsed treatment is determined. After such mode treatment, the acid leaching of eudialyte concentrate results in recovery of zirconium and total rare earth elements higher by 1.7 and 1.4 times as against reference standards.
a:2:{s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"HTML";s:4:"TEXT";s:112:"T. S. Yusupov1, S. A. Kondrat’ev2, S. R. Khalimova3, S. A. Novikova1";} 1Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia 2Chnakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia 3Institute of Economics and Industrial Engineering, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
Keywords: техногенные руды, касситерит, олово, концентрат, обогащение, флотация, магнитная сепарация, Mining waste minerals, casserite, tin, concentrate, dressing, flotation, magnetic separation
Mineralogical composition, structural changes and floatability of minerals in the content of the Novosibirsk Tin Works waste are examined. It is shown that casserite is totally unfloatable after long stay in tailings pond, while iron sulfides preserve flotation ability despite the fact that their structure is partly X-ray amorphous. Combining key beneficiation techniques allows production of concentrates with the tin content of 10% and higher, though the tin recovery is no more than 17.2% in this case, which prevents from recommending the combination dressing for application. In the article, the flotation circuit producing tin concentrate at the yield of 5% and recovery of 80%, which meets the requirements of fuming process and electric melting, is proposed and substantiated.
a:2:{s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"HTML";s:4:"TEXT";s:149:"V. I. Bragin1,2, E. A. Burdakova1,2, A. A. Kondrat’eva1, A. A. Plotnikova1,2, I. I. Baksheeva1";} 1Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, 660041 Russia 2Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, 660036 Russia
Keywords: флотационный метод обогащения, лежалые хвосты, техногенное минеральное сырье, реагентный режим флотации, извлечение, хвостохранилища, исследование на обогатимость, Flotation, old tailings, mining waste, reagent mode, recovery, tailings pond, dressability study
The research findings on floatability of old gold-bearing tailings are presented. The complex material constitution and process features of processing waste are governed by difference in treatment of various ore types (sulfide, oxidized and mixed) at processing plant, as well as with supergene processes in the tailings pond. Feasibility of re-flotation of tailings is discussed. it is found that short-term mechanical activation of tailings in a mill with the subsequent flotation (at the adjusted reagent mode as against the current technology) results in gold recovery of 29.0 to 45.4% in flotation concentrate at the residue content of metal in rejects at the level of 0.2-0.3 g/t.
V. F. Skorokhodov, S. P. Mesyats, V. V. Biryukov, S. P. Ostapenko
Mining Institute, Kola Science Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Apatity, 184209 Russia
Keywords: ниобийсодержащие руды, комбинированная очистка сточных вод, флотация, активированные водные дисперсии воздуха, сорбция, коагуляция, моделирование процессов, Niobium-bearing ore, integrated wastewater treatment, flotation, activated aqueous air dispersion, sorption, coagulation, modeling
Based on the studies of compositions of dispersed ions in sewage water after mining and processing of niobium ore at the Lovozero deposit, it is substantiated to be expedient to convert some pollution agents from solution to suspension state. A combined process is proposed for treatment of mine wastewater, which is 94% of total sewage water of mining and processing, by integrating coagulation, sorption and flotation techniques. The mathematical model of aggregation of suspension particles with regard to the hydrodynamic mode of coagulation is suggested. The model makes it possible to predict material and dispersion compositions of a new multi-phase system under different temperatures towards automation of the wastewater treatment process. The solution on forming surface properties of activated aqueous dispersions of air using a modified finely dispersed sorbent with intent to intensify the wastewater purification process.
The processes of rebellious ore disintegration with regard to the surface properties of minerals and rocks are discussed. The methods are proposed for the experimental determination of surface tension of solids during evaluation of dispergating efficiency, and the calculation procedure of the surface layer thickness during ore disintegration is offered. The calculations of the fusion temperatures of nanoparticles obtained in nonconventional disintegration of rebellious ore are presented. The calculations are performed for the nanoparticles with possible content of the most metals from the periodic chart.
S. P. Mesyats, S. P. Ostapenko
Mining Institute, Kola Science Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Apatity, 184209 Russia
Keywords: горнопромышленное предприятие, аэрозольное техногенное воздействие, растительный покров, спутниковое наблюдение, вегетационный индекс, геоинформационная система, прогнозирование, Mine, man-made aerosol effect, vegetation cover, satellite observation, vegetation index, geoinformation system, prediction
Subsection: MINING ECOLOGY
Environmental impact of mining is studied by two criteria: aerosol pollution and vegetation cover condition-using the data of long-term satellite observations. In terms of the mining and processing industry on the Kola Peninsula, environmental impact is predicted as overlapping of aerosol pollution areas and decrease in the vegetation index. It is shown that predicted boundaries of impact-zones match in case of one or two sources of effect, and unmatch in case of many sources. The proposed approach to integration of the remote sensing data allows differentiating between the environmental impact of mining and natural change of the vegetation cover.
D. P. Tripathy, T. R. Dash
National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, 769008 India
Keywords: ТЧ, ТЧ, тяжелые металлы, корреляционный анализ, анализ главных компонентов, PM, PM, heavy metals, correlation analysis, PCA
Subsection: MINING ECOLOGY
Particulate pollution is very abigissue in coal mining area. The particulate matter affects human as well as nearby animals, vegetation and degrade the ecological environment in many ways. So every time it is fetching the attention of researchers to find work on the issue. Talcher coal field, one of the oldest coalfields of India with a very high coal deposit. A monitoring of respirable dust (PM10& PM2.5) has been performed at eight monitoring stations around a high mechanised opencast coalmine for two seasons i.e., summer and winter. Samples were collected as per the standard criteria of central pollution control board (CPCB), India. Winter season was found to have more particulate concentration as compare to summer. A total of 10 trace elements were analysed and selected for source apportionment of particulate matter and associated heavy metal. Statistical analysis such as univariate (correlation study) and multi variate statistical analysis were used including principal component analysis (PCA) for source identification and respective contribution to particulate matter. The major sources of trace metals were mainly coal mining and associated activities, vehicular emission etc.
