Home – Home – Jornals – Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics 2019 number 1

The frequency behavior of the spectral contributions of the initial, middle, and “finite” parts of the power-law structure function (with an exponent less than one) to the spectral density (SD) of a random process with stationary increments is considered. It is shown that it is much more complicated than the strictly positive monotonic power-law frequency dependence of the initial SD. The latter corresponds only to the behavior of the spectral contribution of the initial section of the given structure function. The analytical approximate dependences of the frequency behavior of all these spectral contributions are presented and analyzed. They are recommended for wide practical use.

Regular measurements of the formaldehyde integral content (IC) in the lower troposphere have been carried out in the area of influence of the Moscow urban agglomeration (Zvenigorod scientific station - ZSS) and in the southeastern part of Tomsk (Siberian lidar station - SLS) since 2009. The paper briefly describes the equipment and measurement techniques and presents the first results of the measurements. The excess of the mean level of the formaldehyde content at the ZSS above its level at Tomsk is shown. The most probable cause of higher values of formaldehyde during the east winds at the ZSS is the polluted Moscow air. According to the observations in Tomsk, the possible influence of polluted urban air on the formaldehyde content appears at temperatures greater than 25°С. According to observations at both stations, the positive dependence of the formaldehyde content on the air temperature was revealed.

The influence of sintering of an aerogel sample on spectral lines parameters of the carbon monoxide confined inside its pores was studied for the first time. The measurements were conducted using в Bruker IFS 125HR spectrometer in the 4000-4400 cm^-1 spectral region. It was shown that the sintering increased CO half-widths but did not affected rotational dependences of CO lines.

We presented model estimates of daily average direct radiation effects of smoke aerosol in the solar spectral range obtained using observations at Tiksi station in the period of anomalously high black carbon (ВС) concentration in the near-surface atmospheric layer (July 2014). These data are compared with radiation effect of aerosol characteristic for typical summer conditions in this region. It is shown that the monthly average radiation effects caused, on the one hand, by variations in optical characteristics of background aerosol and, on the other hand, by short-term outflows of BC from forest fires to the region of observations are comparable in value.

We revise the results of lidar measurements of stratospheric aerosol over Tomsk that were made from June 29 to July 14, 1991, and initially interpreted as aerosol layers after the Pinatubo eruption. Using the NOAA HYSPLIT trajectory model, we show that aerosol layers detected at altitudes of 12 and 14.2 km on June 29 and July 11, respectively, were the stratospheric smoke plume from massive forest fires occurred in Quebec, Canada, in June 1991. Biomass burning products reached the stratosphere via convective ascent within a pyrocumulonimbus (pyroCb) cloud that was detected at 100 km west of Baie-Comeau (Quebec, Canada) on June 19. Aerosol layers observed at altitudes between 11 and 16.5 km on July 8, 9, and 14 represented superpositions of the smoke plume from the Quebec pyroCb and the first traces of the Pinatubo eruption.

A new algorithm for retrieval of aerosol parameters from multispectral reflectance data of remote sensing for transparent atmosphere is presented. Model reflectance as fractional-polinomial function of parameters being found is used. These parameters are aerosol and Rayleigh optical depths, aerosol single scatteting albedo, zenith angle of the sun, albedo of surface. Test relults for model problems are given.

The results of the forecast verification of the high-resolution mesoscale model TSUNM3 created at Tomsk State University are presented. The model is intended for forecasting weather elements at the surface and in the atmosphere boundary layer and is used in scientific researches to predict the state of the atmosphere in the Tomsk region up to an altitude of 2.5 km with a lead time of up to 40 hours. It has a higher spatial resolution (1 km) than the model COSMO-Ru14-Sib technology operatively functioning in the Siberian region (grid spacing is 13.2 km). The forecast quality of the temperature-humidity and dynamic characteristics of the atmosphere state by the TSUNM3 model is comparable to the quality of existing operational mesoscale models.

Strong squalls and several tornadoes occurred in European Russia on May 30, 2018, and caused significant damage. The data on the squalls were received from weather stations. The data on tornado events were updated from the analysis of satellite information about tornado-induced forest damage. We describe synoptic-scale and mesoscale environments and possibilities of short-term forecast of severe weather outbreaks. The mesoscale simulation is carried out in the WRF model version 3.9.1.1 (3 km resolution) with data of GFS/NCEP and ECMWF ERA-5 global atmospheric models as initial conditions. The strong squalls are simulated with a satisfactory reliability. It is found that the reliability of the WRF model forecast is significantly higher when using ECMWF ERA-5 data

The article presents a comparison of experimental and calculated data on the shape of the peak of backscattering enhancement in the propagation of a beam in a turbulent atmosphere. Two schemes of construction of a two-channel turbulent lidar are considered and calculations of the ratio of lidar echoes and the factor of turbulence influence on the average power of the scattered light on the receiver depending on the geometric characteristics of the receiver-transmitter are carried out. Recommended diameter transmit-receive aperture lidar is 50-70 mm. To create an eye-safe lidar with high potential, it is proposed to use a laser with a wavelength of 355 nm. The obtained estimate of the echo and of the influence of turbulence for day and twilight values of background light. The possibility of remote detection of turbulent zones in the troposphere is estimated for an ultraviolet turbulent lidar.

Deformation of rock mass with crack is considered in the context of failure control. The classical analytical solutions obtained for imponderable rock mass with crack give infinite values of stresses at tips, which disagrees with the reality. The phenomenological theory is proposed for calculating total displacements in the vicinity of crack based on the qualitative differences in the weight actions: tension takes place above the crack while compression arises under it. The dimensionless parameter characterizing ratio of the upper edge displacement of the crack to its lower edge displacements and applied to describe behavior of rocks is substantiated.

The results of numerical modeling to evaluate geomechanical behavior of rocks in the vicinity of a fully mechanized longwall face and a gate roadway during gradual narrowing of a coal pillar between them are presented. Variants of longwall face passing of diagonal cut-through are discussed for coal seams of complex structure and various thickness. The regularities of redistribution of stresses, strains, and residual strengths of coal and rocks under variation in coal seam thickness, pillar width and location of dirty bed are determined. The recommendations on the technology for mining coal pillars as their width is decreased and for stability of gate roadways are substantiated to ensure trouble-free operation of fully mechanized longwall faces.

Two curves are plotted for the behavior of sulphide ore using a tensor basis. The directions of universality of these functions, i.e. independence of stress type, are determined in the tensor space. The curves are used in description of rock dilatancy and different resistances to compression and tension.

Geomechanical properties of host rock are generally affected by the variation of moisture content present in its fabric or matrix. This study is focused to evaluate the influence of water saturation on the mechanical and physical properties of 34 sedimentary rock units selected from different geological formations in Pakistan. The laboratory testing program comprised the determination of physico-mechanical rock properties of both air-dry as well as fully water saturated rock specimens. Further thin section analyses of all rock samples were also performed to explain their petrography. According to the statistical analyzes overall reductions of around 40% and 50% were found in UCS_sat and BTS_sat values, respectively, measured on saturated rock samples in comparison to their corresponding dry strength values, i.e. UCS_dry and BTS_dry. Linear correlations were found between ultrasonic wave velocities as well as density of both dry and saturated rock samples. In addition, the dry and saturated UCS values were exponentially related with the rock porosity. Multiple regression technique was also utilized to develop a predictive linear model of UCS_sat with geotechnical rock properties in the dry condition and petrographical characteristics of rock samples. Finally the validity of multiple regression model developed in this study and an existing correlation for the conversion of UCS_dry into UCS_sat was statistically assessed.

Uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) is considered to be the most widely used mechanical property to detect and classify rocks. However, tests are generally performed under dry conditions and standard loading rates. On the other hand, in the land environment neither the saturation degree of rocks is zero nor the loading rate is constant. In this study, three different sedimentary rocks in the Eastern Anatolia Region (Turkey) were used for determination of the effects of saturation degree on mechanical properties and combined effects of saturation degree and loading rates on UCS. For this purpose, point load strength, Schmidt and Shore hardness, ultrasonic wave velocity, and Brazilian tensile strength tests were carried out on oven-dried, 35, 70, 100 saturated specimens, and UCS tests were carried out in 0, 35, 70 and 100% saturation degrees and 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0 kN/s loading rates. Test results showed that increasing water content led to decreasing mechanical properties up to 40-50%, respectively, from dry to saturated conditions. Water absorption had an important effect on Brazilian and point load strength. Internal pressure caused by water effected tensile stress more. It was seen that saturation and loading rate increased with the UCS-increasing saturation rate and caused a buffer effect in low porosity rocks.

The physical modeling test using similar materials to simulate the strata and structures is one of the main research approaches in geotechnical and mining engineering. One of the key techniques in a physical modeling test is to simulate the strata with appropriate similar materials. The most common similar material to simulate rocks is composed of quartz sand and barite, bonded with cement, gypsum or lime. This study classified the materials into Li-Gy material and Ce-Gy material according to different bonding materials. For each type of the similar materials, large numbers of specimens with different compositions were tested according to the following orthogonal rules to obtain the properties and analyze the changes with different compositions. Relations between the compositions and the properties of the similar materials were obtained through the multiple regression analysis. Based on the test results and the regression equations, a method for selecting appropriate similar materials to simulate rocks was proposed and a Python script for implementation was developed. A calculation example was given to illustrate the effectiveness and expediency of this method.

Improvability of air-driven pulse-generating mechanisms for operation in mineral mining and construction is discussed. An impact system with two mobile masses incorporated in a common housing is proposed for vibro-percussive driving of structural iron into elastoplastic soil. Experimental prototype of the air hammer with the compound piston based on the air distribution circuit with elastic valve in the back stroke chamber of the piston is described. The test data of operation cycle of the piston in case of different variants of settings are presented. The possibility to exert influence on the nature and frequency of impacts is demonstrated.

Different models of a hammering system with impact energy transfer in a close chamber filled with fluid are analyzed. It is proved that the piston and the tool in the model can be represented by solid nondeformable bodies while the fluid-filled chamber by an inertialess elastic element. Based on the analyses, the forces in the fluid-filled chamber and at the tool-and-rock contact, as well as the impact energy transfer coefficient are related with the chamber parameters and the contact stiffness between the tool and rocks. The algorithm is proposed to calculate such system dynamics with regard to fluid leaks, variable viscosity and bulk modulus of elasticity.

A bolter miner is a new type of mining machinery with cutting and anchoring functions. In order to study the best pick layout of bolter miner cutting head, three kinds of pick layouts were designed. The evaluation of the cutting head on the cutting performance under the condition of different rotational speeds and pick layouts was intensively studied by simulations and experiments. And the reality of the simulation is verified by cutting experiments. The aim of this research is to provide theoretical guidance for the design of bolter miner cutting head.

The results of the work on the scientific and technical framework of the open pit mine haulage machinery design for the national standard initiated by ALROSA Group in 2015 are presented. The experience of design and operation of haulage systems at open pit diamond mines in the permafrost zone is analyzed. Favorable operating conditions of haulage systems are determined with regard to peculiarities of open pit diamond mines. The sequential shaping of a haulage system all through the life of an open pit mine is substantiated. Application of such approach requires information technologies of transport system design, including computer modeling and multipath analysis under variability of numerous factors.

Slope stability is assessed in Kentobe open pit barite mine located in the east of the Atasui ore province. The estimated characteristics of rock mass strength are evaluated using two techniques: by VNIMI procedure and in RockLab environment. Slope stability assessment involved a computer program developed at the Karaganda State Technical University. For the calculation, in the mine layout, such details as inhomogeneity of pitwall rock mass, depth of mining, presence of weakening surfaces, etc. were specified. The calculations showed that the preset slopes of benches, safety berms and pit walls failed to ensure stability. The stability of slopes to be preserved requires flattening of the overall angle to 34° in the south-west pit wall and to 31° in the north-east pit wall. The stability factors in this case will be 1.24 and 1.21, respectively.

Specificity of using information technologies to improve safety and efficiency of integrated mineral mining is described. The results of works on creation of information resources for keeping and processing of data on rare earth and rare metal raw materials are presented. The application of the integrated approach to mineral mining under environmental constraints is described in terms of the Partomchorr deposit located in the Russian region of the Arctic. Low-waste technologies are substantiated for ore mining, processing and piling, as well as for mine waste management. The most important avenues of research in the area of automation and robotization of mining are identified.

The paper presents an analysis of experimental data that include space-time distributions of methane concentration at the shearer-exploited longwall. The main objective of the observation was to identify the sources of methane emission and determine the methane distribution along the longwall and the adjacent workings. At present, numerical simulation methods are used more and more extensively while testing the air parameters in mine workings. The conducted analysis was also aimed at preparing input data for verification of numerical models of the longwall area as well as a simulation of the algorithm for controlling the shearer operating at the longwall being exploited in the seam exposed to methane hazards. The object of observation was longwall 841a, seam 405/2 in the Bielszowice mine. In the area of the longwall nine methane detectors (including two in the longwall) were located and used as common protection against methane hazard. As part of the experimental research, 10 additional methane detectors were located in the longwall and the adjacent workings (including 4 in the longwall).

Using UV-visible spectrophotometry, it is found that old tailings of Solnechny Mining and Processing Plant are characterized with high absorptive capacity relative to sodium dibutyl dithiocarbamate (DBDTC) and require high consumption of collecting agents in flotation. The optical and scanning electron microscopy tools revealed gypsum-cemented finely dispersed fractions (smaller than 20 μm) coating larger mineral particles (60-80 μm). Minerals are represented by chalcopyrite, pyrrhotine, pyrite, sphalerite, jamesonite and cassiterite; rocks are quartz and silicates. A feature of these old tailings is supergene mineralization and sulphide oxidation products. Alongside with cassiterite, varlamovite is present, which is a typical product of alteration of tin sulfosalts from stannite group. New experimental data on flotation of Solnechny MPP tailings with DBDTC are obtained. The flotation experiments show that DBDTC addition to butyl xanthate (at a ratio of 1:3) enables increased recovery of copper, lead, zinc and silver in bulk concentrate and reduces loss of these minerals in slime.

Structural features of hydrocarbon fragment of collecting agents for nonsulphide minerals, which show high recovery of useful components, are discussed. Introduction of nitrogen or oxygen atoms in collector molecule weakens hydrophobic properties of mineral coating. Decrease in the free surface energy at the mineral-liquid interface in the thermodynamic formulation of the problem on formation of flotation aggregate reduces the likelihood of such formation. The causes of increased collecting ability of flotation agent with polar groups in the hydrocarbon fragment are disclosed based on the mechanism of physically adsorbed collectors and kinetics of formation of flotation aggregate. The kinetic approach to description of flotation event demonstrates functional purpose of electronegative oxygen and nitrogen atoms in the hydrocarbon chain of collecting agent molecule. The reason of preferring introduction of nitrogen or oxygen atoms in hydrocarbon fragment of collector molecule near a hydrophilic group is found. High surface pressure and spreading rate of an agent film are governed by the developed hydrocarbon fragment of the collector molecules, sufficient concentration of the agent at the mineral surface and by the high surface tension of bubbles in flotation.

Results of research into low-grade rebellious copper-nickel ore are presented. The mineralogical analysis reveals features of material composition, which affect processing properties of the ore-fine primary dissemination, essential serpentinization and substitution of insets by magnetite, as well as considerable fine difficult-to-dissociate epigenetic impregnation. The main causes of insufficient nickel recovery in the accepted modes of processing are determined. With a view to increasing concentration efficiency of this ore, different modes of milling and flotation are considered. Ways of improving processing performance of this type ore are identified.

The modern trends of advance in the area of information support tools for the mining industry call for an integrated solution of technological problems based on a common software platform meant to ensure prompt development of a new functional or adaptation of the existing one to mining conditions. In this case, of key importance becomes the integration and progression philosophy of an information system implementing functions of the platform. On the strength of more than 20 years of experience gained in development of MINEFRAME mining geology information system (MGIS), it can be stated that the optimum way is creating an object-targeted platform capable to model and control mining and geological objects with granting application program designers an access to the basic functional of MGIS. Implementation of this approach allows solving such important problems as stabilization of program support operation by means of screened access to software tools of the basic level as well as acceleration of MGIS functional development owing to the option of application program design using library of procedures and functions of the platform.

Analysis of environmental issues linked to the thermal treatment of ammunition was carried out. An opportunity to purify ventilation emissions from thermal treatment furnace using a sorbent and deep oxidation catalyst was explored. The activity of a series of complete oxidation catalysts based on transition metal oxides, and also platinum and palladium was investigated. It was determined that Pt-Pd/5 % CeO₂-Al₂O₃ catalyst displayed the highest activity. A technology was suggested and a plant to dispose of ventilation emissions from the thermal utilization of sub-standard ammunition (cartridges, casings, and small arms primers) was developed. The technology includes removal of vapours of mercury, lead, nitrogen oxides, and other inorganic impurities from the gases on a sorbent and CO oxidation over a solid catalyst.

Adsorbents and catalysts based on carbon materials used to remove hydrogen sulphide from gases are reviewed. Alongside with traditional carbon-based materials, much attention is paid to using carbon nanotubes and nanofibres to prepare catalysts for selective oxidation of hydrogen sulphide to sulphur. The efficiency of purification from hydrogen sulphide using catalysts based thereon is much higher, and nitrogen doping of materials substantially improves characteristics of this process. The paper describes three base technologies for hydrogen sulphide removal. They are developed at the Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences and are based on the use of the fluidized bed of the catalyst for selective oxidation of hydrogen sulphide and catalysts-sorbents in the fixed bed. The technologies were as follows: 1) treatment of acid gases from amine purification of associated petroleum gas; 2) purifying gases from blowing off sour crude oil, and 3) utilizing oxidation of hydrogen sulphide directly as a component of associated petroleum gas. Efficient carbon catalysts and sorbents are suggested to be used for the second-stage treatment of tail gas from facilities made according to base technologies.

The effect of techniques for introducing Pd into γ-Al₂O₃ from palladium chloride solutions on physicochemical and catalytic properties of PdO(Pd)/Al₂O₃ catalysts was examined. A series of catalysts were investigated by SEM, XPA, BET, XPS, and H2-TPR. As shown, the use of various methods for introducing Pd into alumina granules enables control of active component distribution along the Al₂O₃ granule section. The localization of Pd in a catalyst grain determines the nature of the reduction in H2-TPR and activity in the reaction of deep oxidation of methane, which is connected with a varying degree of the interaction of the active component with the support. The active component is demonstrated to be formed on the granule surface mainly as PdO when using the adsorption-deposition method followed by calcination at a temperature of 1000 °C ensuring high reactivity in the methane oxidation reaction.

The paper presents data for structural-group and component compositions of bitumoid fractions derived upon sequential extraction of brown coal of the Tyulgan deposit with the following solvents: ethanol, n-heptane, and alcohol-benzene. As demonstrated by FT-IR, ¹³C CPMAS NMR, and GC-MS, the resulting bitumen is a multicomponent mixture of compounds mainly consisting of alkanes, fatty alcohols, unsaturated hydrocarbons, aromatic compounds found in trace amounts, carboxylic acids, and phenols. Bioactive compounds, such as Lignoceic alcohol, Ceryl alcohol, Behenic alcohol, Ferruginol, β-Amyrin, and Heneicosane, were detected therein.

A new gas-phase process of halogen-free carbonylation of dimethyl ether (DME) into methyl acetate is a promising environmental preparation method of methyl acetate. Bifunctional catalysts with a high concentration of strong Bronsted acid sites, i.e. rhodium-promoted acid cesium salts of phosphotungstic heteropoly acid with the formula Rh/CsxH₃ – xPW₁₂O₄₀ (1.5 ≤ x ≤ 2), show the highest activity and selectivity in the carbonylation reaction of DME. Their use in a reducing medium, where there are significant transformations of the catalyst surface area until changing the phase composition, is a distinctive feature of these catalysts. In order to control the activity and selectivity of catalysts in the DME carbonylation reaction, the research on the formation of the active surface of the catalyst was carried out under reaction conditions. The formation of different rhodium carbonyls, such as Rh(CO)+2 and Rh6(CO)16, was detected by FT IR spectroscopy of adsorbed CO on the surface of the in situ reduced Rh/Cs₂HPW₁₂O₄₀ catalyst after filling with CO. The formation of metal particles was identified in case of changing activation conditions. The dependence was found between reduction conditions, the composition of the in situ catalyst surface area with selectivity for methyl acetate. The presence of rhodium metal particles causes C–O bond cleavage in the DME molecule and significantly reduces selectivity for methyl acetate, from 95 to 50 %. Catalysts, on the surface of which there are only rhodium carbonyls under reaction conditions upon a complete lack of trace rhodium metal, showed the highest activity and selectivity for methyl acetate. The acquired results may form the basis for developing a highly active and stable catalyst for an environmentally safe process of halogen-free DME carbonylation.

Aim. To study the expression of scavenger-receptor genes SCARF1 , MSR1 , CD36 , LDLR , VLDLR and cell adhesion genes VCAM1 , ICAM1 , PECAM1 , SELE , SELP , CDH5 potentially responsible for endothelial toxicity of mineral-organic nanoparticles (bions) in cultures of endothelial cells exposed to magnesium phosphate (MPB) and calcium phosphate bions (CPB). Materials and methods. In this study we used the culture of human immortalized venous endothelial cells (EA.hy 926 line), as well as commercial cultures of primary human coronary (HCAEC) and internal thoracic artery endothelial cells (HITAEC). Cells were cultured in the presence of synthesized MPB and CPB and pure phosphate-saline buffer (control). Immediately after cultivation, total RNA was isolated from samples of the cell lines. Based on the isolated RNA, a single-stranded cDNA was synthesized using a reverse transcription reaction. Evaluation of gene expression in cell cultures was carried out using Real-Time quantitative PCR with a SYBR Green fluorescent dye. Statistical analysis of the results was performed in GraphPad Prism 6 software. Results. Exposure of EA.hy 926 cells by MPB did not lead to significant changes in the expression of the studied genes except SELP and SELE compared with non-exposed control. Two-fold change in gene expression was shown for the SCARF1 and CD36 genes in culture exposed to spherical CPB (SCPB), as well as for the ICAM1 gene in culture exposed to needle-like CPB (NCPB). CPB exposure to HCAEC and HITAECcultures resulted in a pronounced decrease of expression of the CD36 and SELP genes and an increase of expression of the ICAM1 gene both in HCAEC and HITAEC.Expression of the VCAM1 and SELE genes was 2.5-fold higher in HCAEC exposed to NCPB and 2-fold increase of expression of the VLDLR gene HITAEC exposed to both types of CPB and the PECAM1 exposed to SCPB. MPB had practically no effect on the expression of the studied genes in the EA.hy 926 and HCAEC cultures, but at the same time they increased the expression of the PECAM1 gene and reduced the expression of the SELP and CDH5 genes in HITAEC. Conclusion.The chemical composition and morphology of bions, as well as the physiological characteristics of vessels can affect to gene expression signature in cultures of endothelial cells.

Aim. To evaluate the impact of age and gender on in-hospital outcomes of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in patients with coronary artery disease. Methods. 538 (79.10 %) men and 142 (20.90 %) women ( n = = 680) in the CABG registry of the Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular who were referred to CABG in the period from 2011 to 2012 were retrospectively reviewed to assess the prevalence of comorbidities and estimate the in-hospital outcomes. The mean age of patients was 59.12 ± 7.98 (33 to 78 years). All patients were assigned to 4 age groups: Group 1 - <50 years, Group 2 - 51-60 years, Group 3 - 61-70 years, Group 4 - >70 years. The statistical analysis was performed using the software package SPSS 20.0.1. A p value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results. Women were commonly older than men and had a positive history of hypertension, chronic heart failure and higher angina class, obesity, type 2 diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance, non-ulcerative lesions of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract (gastritis, cholecystitis and / or pancreatitis). The male group was superior to the female group in the number of smokers and prior myocardial infarction. The incidence of first detected atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, as well as ischemic strokes, congestive pneumonia increased with aging in both men and women within the in-hospital period. However, women, particularly from the younger age group (<50 years), more frequently suffered from ischemic strokes, GI bleedings, exacerbation of erosive gastritis, compared with men. Women from the older age group commonly had hydrothorax requiring pleural puncture, surgical wound healing complications, and exacerbation or / the first detected duodenal and / or stomach ulcers, compared to men. Conclusion: Female gender is associated with a significantly higher rate of the in-hospital complications compared to men. However, the impact of gender is mediated by age differences between men and women undergoing CABG.

Retrospective analysis enrolled 124 patients (90 males and 34 females, mean age 67.2 ± 7.4 years) with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) and non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF) who underwent inpatient treatment in 2016 and 2017. All patients had planned percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) performed. As a part of combined antithrombotic therapy 104 patients received peroral anticoagulants after planned PCI. It was demonstrated that the majority of AF patients after planned PCI got triple or double antithrombotic therapy including oral anticoagulants in actual clinical practice. Significant decrease of using antiaggregants combination only in patients of this category was stated. According to clinical observation a patient with high risk of thromboembolic complications, hemorrhage, macrohematuria and planned surgical intervention due to comorbidity after PCI received double antithrombotic therapy including clopidogrel and dabigatran 110 mg twice per 24 hours. No thrombotic complications of coronary atherosclerosis, cardioembolic complications, clinically relevant bleeding were noticed in long-term postsurgical period. Modern evidential basis of advantages of double antithrombotic therapy with direct oral anticoagulants was presented. It is crucially important for patients with high risk of hemorrhagic complications.

Objective. To analyze the protective effect of atorvastatin loading dose on the reduction of myocardial injury associated with percutaneous coronary intervention, left ventricular systolic functionand exercise tolerancein patients with endovascular recanalization of chronic atherosclerotic total occlusions. Methods. 82 patients underwent recanalization. The patients in the main group ( n = 38) received a loading dose of atorvastatin 80 mg before surgery. Patients in control group ( n = 44) received 20 mg of atorvastatin. In both groups Troponin I, CF fraction of creatine phosphokinaseweremeasured, echocardiographyand veloergometer test were performed prior to surgery, 24 hours, 1 month, 1 year after the surgery. Results. There was no difference in Troponin I and CF fraction of creatine phosphokinase initial levels. In 24 hours in the main group in 3 patients (7,9 %) there was discovered moderate troponin I rising. In the control group there were 11 (25 %) patients with increasing in troponin I level in 5 and more times. CF fraction of creatine phosphokinase in control group was increased in 3 (7,9 %) patients, in the control group this parameter was increased in 16 (36,4 %) patients. In 1 month and 1 year Troponin Iand CF fraction of creatine phosphokinaselevel was normal in the both groups.There were no statistically significant changes in echocardiography parametersor exercise tolerance during the all follow-up period. Conclusion. Atorvastatin loading dose has a protective effect and prevents periprocedural myocardial injury. At the same time it doesn’t influence on central hemodynamics parameters measured by echocardiography.

The possible mechanisms for the development of aspirin resistance, platelet involvement in thrombus formation, inflammation and atherogenesisare presented. The presence of associations between aspirin resistance and the risk of thrombotic complications in people not using aspirin and the possibility of using aspirin resistance to assess the individual risk of thromboembolic complications in 492 patients (mean age 56.2 ± 0.9 years) with arterial hypertension I - Stage II and without ithas been researched. The parameters of platelet aggregation were studied in subgroups of patients different in the risk of developing venous thrombo-embolic complications by reaction to the cyclooxygenase blocker. It has been revealed that the conducted antiplatelet therapy is effective in 50-60 % of persons with cardiovascular diseases; ~ 40 % of patients show signs of relative resistance to antiplatelet agents. Resistance to therapeutic doses of antiplatelet agents is multifactorial, however, the presence of a shunt between thromboxane synthetase and lipoxygenase plays a role in it. It is likely that the influence of inflammation on the development of aspirin resistance through an increase in the synthesis of 12-NETU, thromboxane and leukotrienes. Aspirin resistance is a risk factor for the development of venous thrombotic complications, regardless of the use of antiaggregant therapy. It was established that the most accurate prediction of the result according to the severity of hemorheological disorders (distinguishing between moderate and severe disorders from the lungs) is provided by such indicators of platelet aggregation as the coefficient K ((ADF5 % - ADP 5 % + Asp) - 100 / ADF 5 %) (AUC 0.995) and ADP 5 % (AUC 0.713). Changes in platelet aggregation in response to aspirin in an in vitro test can be used to identify individuals with a high risk of thrombotic complications, and to assess individual risk (specificity 92.9-98.2 %, sensitivity 83.7-93 %).

Purpose: This study aimed to develop a method for detection of nonsignificant coronary lesions using clinical and functional parameters in suspected CAD men without obstructive coronary atherosclerosis by CAG. Methods. From 17.784 consecutive patients from the local CAG database we selected men with non-significant coronary lesions (Ј30 % of lumen) and with smooth coronary arteries by CAG with suspected CAD without acute coronary syndrome, unstable angina, myocardial infarction. Selected 1.957 patients were divided into two groups in a random way (1.389 - studied group and 568 - test group). We divided studied group in two subgroups: with nonsignificant coronary lesions (1.085 patients) and with smooth coronary arteries (304 patients). Results: Patients with nonsignificant coronary lesions compared to patient without were older, arterial hypertension, and II-III NYHA classes and angina pectoris were observed more often in these patients. Atherogenic index, echocardiographic indexes of aortic root diameter and left ventricular (LV) mass were higher in patients with nonsignificant coronary lesions, and echocardiographic signs of ascending aorta atherosclerosis were more frequent in these patients. For selection of scoring variables, we used the values of the Cramer coefficient and the information value index - IV. All quantitative variables were converted into categorical using the binning procedure. Based on the values of WoE, the model of logistic regression was constructed using stepwise variable selection. The model includes independent variables with an average and high prognostic ability: age, atherogenic index, arterial hypertension, echocardiographic signs of atherosclerosis of the ascending aorta. By converting the coefficients of the logistic regression equation obtained into scores, a scoring model was developed to assess the probability of non-obstructive coronary atherosclerosis in men. Based on ROC analysis, in studied group the specificity of the model for detection of nonsignificant coronary atherosclerosis was 67 %, the sensitivity was 65 %, the area under the ROC curve - 0.711. For patients of test group sensitivity was 68 % and specificity 63 %, the area under the ROC curve - 0.687. Conclusion. Nonsignificant coronary atherosclerosis can be predicted in men with suspected CAD before CAG by screening test based on age, atherogenic index, arterial hypertension and echocardiographic signs of aortic atherosclerosis.

Objective: to study the association of prolactin with indicators of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in women of reproductive age 25-45 years. Materials and methods: Clinical and laboratory examination of a random representative sample of women 25-45 years old. The random number method formed a sample of 416 women, who determined the level of PRL. The average age of the examined women was 36.0 ± 6.2 years. Formed a group of women who have an elevated level of PRL (prolactin> 19.5 ng/ml ( n = 95)). Statistical evaluations included a descriptive analysis of the numerical characteristics of the features (mean value, standard deviation). The studied parameters are divided into quartiles by the level of prolactin. The analysis of variance was performed using the multiple comparison method. Results: There is a decrease in the average values of fasting plasma glucose, TC, LDL in women from 1 to 4 quartile of PRL. The mean values of cholesterol-HDL increase from 1 to 3 quartile of PRL, not reaching statistical significance. BMI has minor changes between quartiles. In the group of women with a normal level of PRL with a flat analysis of the data of biochemical blood analysis, indicators of blood pressure, BMI, and waist circumference, lower levels of total cholesterol and LDL were obtained in 4 prolactin. When analyzing the studied parameters in women with a PRL level of more than 19.5 ng/ml, there is an increase in TG, BMI and waist circumference values from 1 to 4 quartile of PRL. Fasting plasma glucose TC, LDL, HDL increase from 1 to 4, however, the difference does not reach statistical significance. Conclusion: Analyzing our own and literature data, we can conclude that hyperprolactinemia can increase the risk of atherosclerotic lesions of the cardiovascular system, both through direct effects on lipids and atherosclerotic plaques, and indirectly, affecting metabolic disorders leading to obesity, development insulin resistance and changes in glucose metabolism, which in turn can affect the development of atherosclerotic lesions. The features and mechanisms of PRL effects on metabolism are very complex and need further study.

Objectives. The alterations of structure and function of the heart are intermediate phenotypes in the pathway of cardiovascular diseases. The relationship between alcohol consumption and echocardiographic parameters is understudied with inconsistent estimates. We aimed to perform a systematic literature review of studies which assessed the associations between alcohol consumption and Echocardiography parameters. Material and methods. This review analyzes the literature data focused on this topic published during the last 17 years (2001-2017) using PubMed (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed), Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.ru) and main national cardiological journals. Results. The literature review showed that high alcohol consumption is associated with increased myocardial mass of left ventricle (LV) or an increase in the thickness of LV walls;decreased diastolic function and systolic strain of LV,increase in dimension of left atrium and decreased function of left atrium. The relationship between a number of echocardiographic characteristics (LV ejection fraction, the parameters of right ventricle) and alcohol consumption are estimated contradictory. In exited literature there is a shortage of long-term studies on the issue. The integrative assessment of relationship between variety of indicators and patterns of alcohol consumption and structural and functional heart phenotypes is required, as well as application of modern echocardiographic modalities. Taking into account the population specificity, the studies based on different epidemiological context of various populations are needed. Conclusion.The analysis of structural and functional changes of the heart in respect to alcohol consumption remains relevant for understanding the mechanisms by which alcohol effects on the cardiovascular system.