A.T. Isakovaa1, L.I. Panina1, F. Stoppa2
a:2:{s:4:"TEXT";s:306:"1V.S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Akademika Koptyuga 3, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia 2Dipartimento di Scienze DiSPUTer, Universita degli Studi G. d’Annunzio, via dei Vestini 30, Chieti Scalo (CH), 66100, Italy";s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"html";}
Keywords: leucite, tephriphonolite, phonolite, melt inclusion, Roman magmatic province, Vulsini
A melt inclusion study was carried out in the leucite-bearing tephriphonolite and phonolite lavas of the Bolsena complex in order to obtain direct data on the chemical composition of initial melts, their evolution, and their crystallization temperatures. It has been found that the initial melt for the considered rocks was of tephrite-basanite composition. Its crystallization began with the formation of clinopyroxene phenocrysts at 1205-1100 °C, then leucite and plagioclase crystallization took place at about 1120 °C and 1080-1060 °C, respectively. The initial tephrite-basanite melt was slightly enriched in volatile components (H2O, F, SO3, and Cl). During the crystallization of clinopyroxene, leucite, and plagioclase, the composition of the initial magma changed toward an increase in the contents of SiO2, Al2O3, and K2O and a decrease in the contents of FeO, MgO, and CaO, i.e., evolved toward phonolite. A similar evolution trend is typical of alkaline basic systems. The tephrite-basanite melt was probably the product of the crystallization differentiation of the parental mantle magma similar in composition to the leucite-bearing tephrite-basanite of the Montefiascone complex.
a:2:{s:4:"TEXT";s:79:"S.I. Shkol’nik1, I.G. Barash1, M.D. Buyantuev2";s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"html";} 1Institute of Earth Crust, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Lermontova 128, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia 2Geological Institute, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Sakhyanovoi 6a, Ulan-Ude, 670047, Russia
Keywords: Gondites, Ikat terrane, Itantsa Formation, geochemistry, mineralogy, formation conditions
We present data on the mineral and geochemical compositions of metasedimentary Mn-bearing rocks of the Itantsa Formation of the Ikat terrane. According to the mineral composition, the studied quartz-spessartine rocks of the formation are referred to as gondites. The main Mn-concentrating minerals are garnet, pyrophanite, and Mn-ilmenite, and the secondary ones are rhodonite and Mn-amphibole. Two Mn-bearing objects of the Itantsa Formation (Usutai deposit and Almarnatol occurrence) show differences in chemical and mineral compositions, related to different sources of their material, different distances from the mouth of a hydrothermal vent, and different degrees of postsedimentary alteration. The Mn-bearing deposits of the formation accumulated in a sedimentary basin in the immediate vicinity of continental provenance areas in the Late Neoproterozoic (Ediacaran), under synchronous volcanic activity.
V.V. Sattarova, K.I. Aksentov
a:2:{s:4:"TEXT";s:150:"V.I. Il’ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Baltii’skaya 43, Vladivostok, 690041, Russia";s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"text";}
Keywords: Rare-earth elements, bottom sediments, Kuril Basin, Sea of Okhotsk, Bering Sea, Pacific
The distribution and fractionation of rare-earth elements (REE) in the Northwestern Pacific surface sediments are studied. The REE contents in the sediments were 30-106 ppm, and the Y contents ranged from 9.34 to 24.5 ppm. The bottom sediments located near the Kuril-Kamchatka arc were depleted in REE as compared with the sediments of the abyssal plain of the Pacific, the Kuril basin of the Sea of Okhotsk, and the northwestern Bering Sea. The effect of distributive provinces and lithodynamic setting on the REE composition and REE contents in the sediments was expressed as a positive correlation of the LREE/HREE ratio with the grain composition, Rb/Sr, and Nb/Y and its negative correlation with Zr/Rb. The variations in the bulk REE composition were due to the variations in LREE contents.
a:2:{s:4:"TEXT";s:214:"A.A. Bogush1, V.A. Bobrov1, M.A. Klimin2, V.A. Bychinskii3, G.A. Leonova1, S.K. Krivonogov1,4, L.M. Kondrat’eva2, Yu.I. Preis5";s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"html";} 1V.S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Akademika Koptyuga 3, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia 2Institute for Water and Environmental Problems, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Dikopoltseva 56, Khabarovsk, 680000, Russia 3A.P. Vinogradov Institute of Geochemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Favorskogo 1a, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia 4Novosibirsk State University, ul. Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia 5Institute of Monitoring of Climatic and Ecological Systems, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademicheskii pr. 10, Tomsk, 634055, Russia
Keywords: Peat bog, concentration of elements, genesis, rate of peat accumulation, pigment profile, geochemical modeling, Holocene, East Siberia
The evolution of peat deposits of the Vydrino bog (southern Baikal region) and concentration of elements in them are discussed. The bog peat massif more than 4 m in thickness formed mostly during the Holocene. The beginning of peat formation dates back to the late Allerød (13.1 ka). At present, the Vydrino bog is a biogeocoenosis of the high-moor type with a transitional peat deposit. We have established that the bog nonuniformly accumulated chemical elements during its formation. Concentration of Pb, Sn, Cd, Zn, and Sb in recent vegetation and in the upper layer of the peat bog is mainly due to forest fires and anthropogenic air pollution. The anomalous enrichment of peat with Zn and Cu in the Early Holocene (12.1-8.8 ka) horizons proceeded through the periodic inflow of thermal groundwater into the bottom part of the peat deposit. Authigenic Zn and Cu sulfides formed on the inner membrane of the cell wall of sphagnum moss. Geochemical modeling has shown that Zn and Cu sulfides can form abiotically.
V.A. Kazanenkov1, A.R. Kurchikov2, A.G. Plavnik2, M.N. Shaporina3 1A.A. Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Russian Geology and Geophysics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Akademika Koptyuga 3, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia 2West Siberian Division of Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Russian Geology and Geophysics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Volodarskogo, 56, Tyumen, 625000, Russia 3Siberian Research and Scientific Institute of Geology, Geophysics, and Mineral Resources, Krasnyi pr. 67, Novosibirsk, 630091, Russia
Keywords: West Siberian sedimentary basin, present-day temperatures, Tyumen Formation, Malyshevka Formation, hydrocarbon accumulation, phase of accumulation
The paper considers present-day rock temperature distribution in the top of the Tyumen and Malyshevka Formations throughout the West Siberian sedimentary basin. A temperature variations map based on earlier and newly obtained data has been compiled for regional hydrocarbon reservoir Yu2. A forecast of the temperature variations in the Malyshevka Formation top has been made for the Arctic regions that have not been well studied with deep drilling. Analysis of hydrocarbon pools distribution within the Bathonian reservoir is presented.
Today there is no verified methodology to calculate oil reserves in the Bazhenov Formation, which makes it impossible to identify any references for the initial oil reserves. Therefore, the analog approach that is usually applied for quantitative assessment of petroleum potential becomes inapplicable. The paper considers different approaches to assessment of the petroleum potential of the Bazhenov Formation in West Siberia. Since oil distribution in the formation is determined by the initial content and catagenetic maturity of organic matter in the rock and controls the formation of an effective reservoir, it becomes apparent that estimating the oil resources and reserves requires geochemical studies. The proposed methodological approaches consider separation of net oil pays using the Rock-Eval data, well log data, and results of oil-promising objects survey and the principles of differentiated assessment of oil resources and territory ranking by the compositions of saturating hydrocarbons.
A.D. Duchkov1, G.A. Dugarov1, A.A. Duchkov1,2, A.A. Drobchik1 1A.A. Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Russian Geology and Geophysics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Akademika Koptyuga 3, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia 2Novosibirsk State University, ul. Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
Keywords: Water/ice-containing sand samples, methane and tetrahydrofuran hydrates, laboratory measurements, acoustic properties, velocities and attenuation
The paper considers the results of a series of laboratory experiments (more than 100) on the formation of synthetic sand samples containing water/ice and methane or tetrahydrofuran hydrates in the pore space and of the measurement of their acoustic properties (velocities and attenuation of acoustic waves). The main aim of the experiments was to establish the relationship between the velocities of acoustic waves and the ice or hydrate saturation of the samples. An increase in the content of ice and hydrates always leads to a velocity increase. However, the rate of the velocity increase is determined by the localization of ice and hydrates in the samples: at the contacts between the sand grains (“cementing” model) or in the pore space (“filling” model). It has been established that the “cementing” model, characterized by a drastic initial increase in velocities, works for ice or gas hydrates formed from free methane and localized in the pores. On the contrary, tetrahydrofuran hydrates form by the “filling” model and cause a slow increase in velocities.
K.Zh. Seminsky1, A.A. Bobrov1, S. Demberel2
a:2:{s:4:"TEXT";s:254:"1Institute of the Earth’s Crust, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, ul. Lermontova 128, 664033, Russia 2Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, 210351, Mongolia";s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"html";}
Keywords: Faults, soil radon, tectonic activity
Examples of two geodynamically active regions in Central Mongolia are used to demonstrate the radon and tectonic activities of faults and find out how their individual parameters affect the radon field. In general, the radon activity of faults increases with the higher contribution of extension in dynamic faulting conditions, with stronger seismic activity, and also in concentrated disjunctive structures at their late evolution stages compared to wide rupture zones at the initial formation stages of their internal structure. Nonuniform structure is an intrinsic property of near-fault radon anomalies, which is defined primarily by nonuniform disruptions of the substrate in the fault zone by ruptures and by spatial variations in the displacement amplitude. Taking the established regularities into account will facilitate a higher efficiency of emanation surveys in studies of seismic hazard associated with crustal faults.
Zhicheng Lei1,2,3, Huaimin Xu1, Tongwen Jiang4, Zhongchao Li2, Jingwen Li1, Weilu Li5, Yunbin Xiong2, Songze Li2,3, Junwei Zhao1 1Department of Geoscience, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China 2Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, Zhongyuan Oilfield Company, Sinopec, Puang, Henan, 457300, China 3Post-Doctor Research Center, Zhongyuan Oilfield Company, Sinopec, Puyang, Henan, 457300, China 4Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, Tarim Oilfield Company, PetroChina, Korla 841000, China 5National Marine Data and Information Service, Tianjing 30071, China
Keywords: Multiple phase hydrocarbons, water washing, biodegradation, bacterial sulfate reduction, gas washing, evaporative fractionation, volcanic degassing, Tarim Basin
The Carboniferous Donghe sandstone reservoir is the most important target in the Tabei Uplift of the Tarim Basin, which contains a range of hydrocarbon types, including bitumen, heavy oil, condensate oil, light oil, crude oil, and hydrocarbon gas, and has high contents of CO2 and N2. The origin of multiple phase hydrocarbons from Carboniferous reservoir rocks in the Donghetang area, Western Tabei Uplift, is documented in this paper based on integral analysis of the geochemistry, pyrolysis, and carbon isotopes of the bulk composition and light composition hydrocarbons. Oil-source correlations determined that the paleoreservoir hydrocarbons that formed from the Permian to the Triassic derived from the Lower Ordovician (O1) source rocks and that those of the present-day reservoir that formed in the Neogene derived from Middle-Upper Ordovician (O2-3) source rocks. During the uplift episode lasting from the Permian to the Triassic, the hydrocarbons in the entire paleoreservoir underwent water washing, biodegradation, and bacterial sulfate reduction (BSR), resulting in residual bitumen, heavy oil, H2S, and pyrites in the paleoreservoir. The high CO2 and N2 contents originated from volcanic degassing due to volcanic activity from the Permian to the Early Triassic. The present-day reservoirs underwent gas washing and evaporative fractionation due to natural gas charging that originated from oil cracking and kerogen degradation in the deeper reservoirs; this resulted in fractionation and formed condensate oil and light oil with a high wax content in the residual crude oil. Based on this research, it was concluded that the diverse hydrocarbon phases in the Donghetang area were primarily attributed to water washing, biodegradation, BSR, volcanic degassing, gas washing, and evaporative fractionation.
Local site effect is a significant aspect of seismic hazards, which often causes amplification of ground motions and results in increase in the damage potential of an earthquake. This article displays an experimental study of microtremors data to investigate the dynamic characteristics of the soil and structures in the desert zone of Akhmim City, east of River Nile, Sohag governorate, Egypt. Because of progressive population growth in the Nile valley and delta regions, the Egyptian Governorate considered increasing the number of new communities, especially in the Sohag district, to improve the living conditions. The study area is one of the new urban areas which was suggested by Egyptian Urban Communities Authority (EUCA). For this purpose, the horizontal to vertical (H/V) spectral ratio was used to provide precious information about the soil properties and its engineering features for foundation purposes. The H/V spectral ratio analyses of ambient noise data at the measurement stations were processed and interpreted using Geopsy Software to calculate the amplification factor and fundamental resonance frequency at each observation point. The results indicate that the resonance frequency ranges between 0.21 and 0.28 Hz at the most of the measurement stations, with some irregularities at stations No. 2 and 4 because of the higher softness of sediments in these locations. Most of lower fundamental frequencies are observed in the southern part of the study area, whereas higher values are observed in the northern part of the study area. The amplification factor ranges between 1.38 and 4.15. Higher values were recorded in the northeastern and southern parts, while lower ones were observed in the northwestern and southwestern parts of the mapped area. It can be concluded that the amplification component increases with increasing softness of the sediments. Interpretation of fundamental frequency distribution map is very significant to estimate the building heights and the number of stories, which was estimated to be 35 to 47.
The results of a theoretical investigation of the propagation of femtosecond pulses of a Ti:Sapphire laser in air during the self-focusing and filamentation are presented. The analysis of self-focusing of laser pulses was carried out on the basis of the method of diffraction beams and light tubes, which made it possible to establish that specific light structures are formed in the laser beam during self-focusing. One of such structures is the energy-replenishing diffraction-beam tube, which provides necessary energy for filamentation, and at the stage of post-filamentation pulse propagation exists in the form of a separate intense light channel. The dependences of the radius and power of the energy-replenishing tube on the initial beam radius and the peak power for a fixed pulse duration are established. It was revealed that the energy consumption of radiation per filamentation decreases with an increase in the beam radius and a decrease in its initial power. The peak power contained in the energy-replenishing light tube at the post-filamentation propagation stage of laser pulses does not exceed the critical self-focusing power for the Gaussian beam and weakly depends on the initial parameters of the pulse.
Single-phase and two-phase aerosol particles are considered. The influence of their structure and size distribution parameters on the optical characteristics of the stratospheric sulphate aerosol layer is simulated. The single-phase aerosol includes homogeneous particles, which are a liquid drop of 75% sulphuric acid, and the two-phase aerosol are drops of sulphuric acid with dissolved inorganic impurities. It is assumed that the latter can be two-layer, enlightened, and quasi-homogeneous. The dependence of instantaneous radiative forcing and radiative changes of surface temperature on the internal structure of stratospheric sulphate aerosol particles and the parameters of their size distribution is simulated. An aerosol layer with an optical thickness equal to 0.05 in the visible range is considered. Its particles can lead to the greenhouse and anti-greenhouse effects. Ensembles of two-layer particles with narrow size distributions, and ensembles with wider distributions and average radii not exceeding 0.25 ¸ 0.40 mm, create the anti-greenhouse effect on the order of 4 ¸ 8 W/m2, whereas for large average radii and wide distributions, occurring greenhouse effect (2 ¸ 6 W/m2) occurs.
A.N. Yermakov1, A.E. Aloyan2, V.O. Arutyunyan2 1V.L. Talroze Institute of Energy Problems of Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334, Russia, Moscow, Leninsky prospect, bld. 38/2 2Marchuk Institute of Numerical Mathematics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Gubkin str., 8, Moscow, 119333, Russia
Keywords: атмосфера, конденсация, коэффициент активности, органический аэрозоль, термодинамика, atmosphere, condensation, activity coefficient, organic aerosol, thermodynamics
Thermodynamic methods with the UNIFAC model have been used to study the distribution of hydrophobic and hydrophilic organic compounds in the atmosphere between the gas and aerosol phases. The results of calculations indicate that the formation of organic aerosol involving these multifunctional compounds is favored by their combined condensation with water vapor. Leading to the transfer of water molecules to the aerosol phase, the condensation is accompanied by an increased mass concentration of organic aerosol, which should be taken into account when comparing with field observation data.
We describe diffusion processes when aerosol particles are moving in the atmosphere. The impact of particles' inertia and diffusion coefficient on multistream formation was determined via the numerical solution of the Fokker-Planck equation. The simulation has been performed within the certain range of parameters, considering turbulent diffusion effects in real atmospheric conditions. The results of the study may be useful in interpreting aerosol optical sensing data.
The ingress of carbon into the snow cover with ions of organic carboxylic acids (formic (formate), acetic (acetate), and oxalic (oxalate)) in the permafrost landscapes of Eastern Siberia is studied. The content of ions of organic carboxylic acids is estimated in areas with the latitude-zonal and mountain-belt type of permafrost landscapes. The maximal content is observed in middle-taiga landscapes. The density of ingress of ions of organic carboxylic acids in snow of permafrost landscapes is subject to altitudinal zonation and follows a decrease in the total mass of plants, which are the main source of organic carboxylic acids in the atmosphere. In the middle-taiga landscapes, organic carboxylic acids can have a significant effect on the ingress of carbon with precipitation. In all mountain-belt types of permafrost landscapes, the bulk of carbon comes from carbonates (bicarbonates), and the role of organic carboxylic acids in the ingress of carbon into snow is insignificant and sharply decreases with an increase in altitude.
S.M. Bobrovnikov1,2, E.V. Gorlov1,2, V.I. Zharkov1 1V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634021, Russia 2National Research Tomsk State University, 36, Lenin Avenue, Tomsk, 634050,Russia
Keywords: лидар, комбинационное рассеяние света, дистанционное обнаружение, высокоэнергетические материалы, lidar, Raman scattering, remote detection, high energetic materials
Experimental results on the remote detection of surface traces of some high energetic materials using a Raman lidar constructed on the basis of an excimer KrF laser with the narrow generation line and a multi-channel spectrum analyzer based on the diffraction spectrograph and a time gated ICCD camera are presented. The sensitivity of the lidar system for a detection range of 10 m was evaluated. The influence of a substrate material on the sensitivity of the detection method is analyzed.
a:2:{s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"HTML";s:4:"TEXT";s:104:"A.V. Nevzorov1, S.I. Dolgii1, A.P. Makeev1,2, A.V. El’nikov3";} 1V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634021, Russia 2National Research Tomsk State University, 36, Lenin Avenue, Tomsk, 634050, Russia 3Surgut State University, 1, Lenin Avenue, Surgut, 628403, Russia
Keywords: лидар, лазерное зондирование атмосферы, вертикальное распределение стратосферного аэрозоля, lidar, laser sounding of atmosphere, stratospheric ozone vertical distribution
In the work, we present the observations of anomalous aerosol layers in the stratosphere over Tomsk (56.5°N, 85.0°E), performed at the Siberian Lidar Station, Institute of Atmospheric Optics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences at two wavelengths (355 and 532 nm) in the summer-fall period of 2017, as well as the trajectory analysis of their motion. The trajectory analysis shows that these aerosol layers in the stratosphere over Tomsk were due to forest fires in the region of the Lake Athabasca (Canada) occurred in mid-August. The analysis of observations on the basis of Ångström parameter allowed us to conjecture that, within assumptions described in the paper, the Ångström parameter of the background ensemble of scattering particles in the stratosphere is X » 2.8. It is noteworthy that the values of Ångström parameter ( X = 1 ¸ 2.5), obtained at altitudes where aerosol layers were located, were characteristic for soot aerosol.
V.G. Sokovikov, A.G. Filonov, D.V. Shiyanov
V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634021, Russia
Keywords: лазер на парах европия, ионный Eu-лазер, атомный Eu-лазер, буферный газ, деградация активной среды, europium vapor laser, ion Eu-laser, atom Eu-laser, buffer gas, degradation of the active medium
Subsection: OPTICAL SOURCES AND RECEIVERS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES
The lasing characteristics of atomic He + Eu and Ne + Eu vapor lasers at the y8P9/2 → 87Deq \o\al(11/2,0) transition with a wavelength of 1.76 mm were compared. It is shown that the output power and pulsed energy of the He + Eu laser, depending on the pump power and pulse repetition frequency, are slightly worse than those of the Ne + Eu laser. An empirical model is proposed to explain the behavior of the He + Eu laser output power as a function of the input power. It was established that the lifetime of the He + Eu laser does not exceed two hours, while the Ne + Eu laser by the end of the experiment operated about 200 hours. It has been suggested that the relaxation of metastable levels of the ion and atom of europium and degradation of active media consisting of a mixture of europium and helium vapors is responsible for the same process involving helium.
N. Bouteraa, S. Benaicha
University of Oran1, Ahmed Benbella, Algeria
Keywords: положительное решение, единственность и существование, итерационная последовательность, функция Грина, positive solution, uniqueness and existence, iterative sequence, Green's function
In this paper, we obtain the existence and uniqueness of periodic solutions for a nonlinear fourth-order differential equation utilizing an explicit Green's function and fixed point index theorem combining with an operator spectral theorem. We discuss an iteration method for constant coefficient nonlinear differential equations and establish a theorem on the existence of positive solutions for fourth-order boundary value problem with variable parameter. Finally, we give an example to illustrate our results.
Andrey Pavlovich MOMOT1,2, Vyacheslav Mikhaylovich VDOVIN3,2, Igor Ilyich SHAKHMATOV3,2, Igor Gennadievich TOLSTOKOROV4, Dmitriy Andreevich OREKHOV5, Valentin Olegovich SHEVCHENKO4, Natalya Alexandrovna LYCHEVA3,2, Alexey Vladimirovich KUDINOV3, Galina Gennadievna BELOZERSKAYA6, Valeriy Ivanovich KISELEV3,2
a:2:{s:4:"TEXT";s:429:"1National Research Center for Hematology of Minzdrav of Russia, Altai Branch 2Research Institute of Physiology and Fundamental Medicine 3Altai State Medical University of Minzdrav of Russia 4Consulting Diagnostic Center «Dobryi Doktor» Ltd 5Altai Regional Cardiology Health Center 6National Research Center for Hematology of Minzdrav of Russia";s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"html";}
Keywords: система гемостаза, фибрин-мономер, травма печени, паренхиматозное кровотечение, гемостатический эффект, кролики, hemostatic system, fibrin monomer, liver injury, parenchymal hemorrhage, hemostatic effect, rabbits
Objective of the study is to experimentally evaluate system hemostatic and prothrombotic effects of intravenous fibrin monomer (FM). Materials and methods. Eighty two Chinchilla rabbits weighing 3-4 kg were used in the study. In addition to the placebo, animals were administered an aqueous solution of fibrin monomer (FM) intravenously at doses of 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg. After 1 hour, a standard liver injury was performed and the blood loss (% of the circulating blood volume) resulting from parenchymal hemorrhage was estimated. Hemostatic system examination included platelet number in venous blood and fibrinogen and D-dimer levels in blood plasma. Results and discussion. Blood loss after dosed injury with placebo was 10.0 [4.0; 15.7] % blood volume (median [25th percentile; 75th percentile]). FM preparation doses of 0.25, 2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg resulted in a decrease of blood loss by 6.3 (p < 0.001), 7.8 (p < 0.001) and 2.7 times (p = 0.04) (1.6 [1.0; 3.0], 1.3 [0.6; 1,6] and 3.7 [2.8; 5.3] % blood volume, respectively).High doses of FM preparation (2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg) minimized blood loss due to activation of coagulation and thrombus formation, which was illustrated by a 7.0-8.0-fold increase in D-dimer level (compared to placebo). 0.25 mg/kg of FM preparation did not lead to an increase of D-dimer content, although the blood loss was greatly reduced. Conclusion. The data obtained show the presence of unique hemostatic properties in low-dose FM preparation (0.25 mg/kg), which allows creating system hemostatic agents of a new generation.
Lyubomir Ivanovich AFTANAS1, Svetlana Markovna PUSTOVOYT1, Natalya Vladimirovna NOVOZHILOVA1, Olga Aleksandrovna AKHMETOVA1, Anatoliy Aleksandrovich OVCHINNIKOV2 1Scientific Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine 2Novosibirsk State Medical University of Minzdrav of Russia
Keywords: большое депрессивное расстройство, зрительные вызванные потенциалы, поздний позитивный потенциал, индивидуальный баланс мотивационных систем, нейрофизиологический эндофенотип, major depressive disorder, visual evoked potentials, late positive potential, individual balance of motivational systems, neurophysiological endophenotype
The aim of the study was to investigate the characteristics of the individual balance of the activity of brain defensive and reinforcing systems in patients with major depressive disorder. Material and methods. In 41 patients with major depressive disorder and 32 healthy subjects, we investigated visual evoked potentials in the emotional Oddball paradigm in perception of high and low arousal motivational signals of reward and threat. Results and discussion. It was established that reduced amplitude of the neuronal response in the perception of high arousal motivational signals of reward and, in a less degree, threat, is associated with an indicator of the clinical severity of depression. It supports the model of emotion context insensitivity in depression. However, a more pronounced reduce in the neuronal response to stimuli of reward may indicate a prevailing deficiency of the reinforcement system. Thus, the late positive potential magnitude of visual evoked potentials for high arousal motivational signals of reward and threat can be viewed as a promising objective neurobiological marker for monitoring the dynamics of the disturbed individual balance of the defensive and reinforcing brain systems in major depressive disorder patients which can become an important tool of personalized prevention and treatment strategy.
Tamara Pavlovna ZAGOSKINA1, Ekaterina Nikolaevna ZOTINA2 1Kirov State Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation 2Kirov Scientific Research Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion of FMBA of Russia
Keywords: хронический лимфолейкоз, делеция 13q14, клинический исход, прогноз, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, 13q14 deletion, clinical outcome, prognosis
Currently, it is urgent to search for new prognostic factors that improve the stratification of patients into risk groups and allow the determination of indications for various CLL therapy programs with the aim of increasing their clinical effectiveness. Material and methods. The research presents the data on chromosomal aberrations with the help of the FISH method in 224 CLL patients during the diagnosis, among them 49 patients are in stage A, 166 patients - in stage B and 29 patients - in stage C. Results and discussion. Chromosomal abnormalities were detected in 176 (72 %) patients. The most frequent aberration in CLL was del13q14, which was found in 124 (51 %) patients and occurred alone or in combination with other chromosomal changes. As the only chromosomal abnormality, del13q14 was found in 77 patients who differed from each other in the number of tumor cells that had isolated del13q14. We have studied the prognostic value of the content of tumor cells with isolated 13q14 deletion in CLL patients during the diagnosis. A comparative analysis of 2 groups of patients who had the percentage of leukemia cells with this deletion (it was ≥ 60 % or < 60 %) was conducted. It has been established that the number of cells with isolated del13q14 is an independent predictor of survival, free from treatment, as well as the overall survival of CLL patients and may serve as an additional prognostic factor.
Irina Alexandrovna SHUPLETSOVA, Alla Mikhaylovna KOVRIGINA, Tatyana Nikolaevna MOISEEVA, Elena Igorevna DOROKHINA
National Research Center for Hematology of Minzdrav of Russia
Keywords: нодулярная лимфома Ходжкина с лимфоидным преобладанием, морфология, иммунофенотип, иммуногистоархитектоника, nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma, morphology, immunophenotype, immunohistoarchitectonics
The aim of the study is to compare the tumour growth pattern with immunohystoarchitectural patterns in patients with nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL) in the debut of the disease. Material and methods. The diagnosis of NLPHL in the debut of the disease was established in 60 patients (male/female ratio is 3.6:1, median age - 37 (range 17-68)) using morphology an expanded immunohistochemical study. The tumor growth pattern was determined by morphological study and immunohistochemical patterns (WHO 2017) - using antibodies to CD20 and clinical stages (Ann Arbor). Results and discussion. All patients were divided into 3 immunohystoarchitectural patterns (subject to immunohystoarchitectonics in reaction with antibodies to CD20): A - LP cells are located within B cell nodules; B - LP cells are located intra- and extranodular with the preservation of B cell nodules or in the presence of a border of B-lymphocytes; C - predominant (> 50 % of section area) diffuse or large-focal discrete arrangement of LP cells without the presence of a B cell border. Concerning to the immunohystoarchitectural patterns, all the patients were divided into three groups: I (immunohistochemical pattern A - 17 cases, 28 %, stage - I-II 82 %, stage III - 18 %, nodular growth - 100 %), II (immunohistochemical pattern B - 30 cases, 50 %, stage I-II - 40 %, stage III-IV - 60 %, nodular growth - 3 %, nodular growth with a significant number of extranodular LP cells - 43 %, nodular-diffuse growth - 53 % cases), III (immunohistochemical pattern C - 12 patients, 20 %; II stage - 8 %, tumor cell-rich case, stage III-IV - 92 %; nodular-diffuse growth - 75 % cases, mainly diffuse growth - 25 % cases), 1 case with transformation in DLBCL (2 %, IV stage). Conclusions. NLPHL is characterized by variable morphological immunohistochemical patterns among which we’ve revealed 4 morphological variants and 3 immunohistochemical patterns considered as sign of immunohistochemical transformation within the continuum of the same entity of NLHLP. The immunohistochemical patterns are not always a predictor of the clinical course of the disease. «Tumor cell-rich» cases require further detailed research.
Tatyana Pavlovna KUZMINA1, Igor Leonidovich DAVYDKIN1, Olga Vladimirovna TERESHINA2, Olesya Evgenevna DANILOVA1,2, Alexandr Semenovich SHPIGEL1, Tengiz Shotovich BETANELI1, Kseniya Victorovna NAUMOVA1, Natalya Sergeevna POPELNYUK1 1Samara State Medical University of Minzdrav of Russia 2Clinics Samara State Medical University of Minzdrav of Russia
Keywords: кардиотоксичность, химиотерапевтическое лечение, трехмерная эхокардиография, фракция выброса, глобальная продольная деформация миокарда, стресс-эхокардиография, тропонины Т и I, натрийуретический пептид, cardiotoxicity, chemotherapy, three-dimensional echocardiography, ejection fraction, global longitudinal myocardial deformation, stress echocardiography, troponins T and I, natriuretic peptide
The article is devoted to the modern concept of cardiotoxicity, induced chemotherapy in patients with hematological pathology and methods of its diagnosis. The study of cardiotoxicity is one of the current trends in oncology and oncohematology, as the side effects of chemotherapy drugs on the cardiovascular system affect the quality and life expectancy of patients, regardless of the prognosis associated with oncohematological disease. While modern strategies for the treatment of oncohematological diseases make it possible to achieve stable remissions and increase the duration and quality of life of patients, such successes can be offset by an increase in mortality in this group of patients due to the development of side effects of chemotherapy in relation to the cardiovascular system. In the review problems and prospects of cardiotoxicity diagnosis in patients with hematological diseases on the background of chemotherapy are presented at modern level of medical science development. The use of such methods as three-dimensional echocardiography, echocardiography with determination of global longitudinal myocardial deformation, stress echocardiography with determination of contractile reserve, determination of troponin and natriuretic peptide levels for diagnosis of cardiotoxicity makes it possible to detect manifestations of cardiotoxicity at an earlier stage and thus will reduce mortality in patients with oncohematological profile receiving chemotherapy for non-hematological reasons.
Mariya Sergeevna VOYTKO1, Tatyana Ivanovna POSPELOVA1, Vadim Valerievich KLIMONTOV1,2, Olga Nikolaevna FAZULLINA2, Elena Viktorovna MEZIT1 1Novosibirsk State Medical University of Minzdrav of Russia 2Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology - Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics of SB RAS
Keywords: лимфома Ходжкина, минеральная плотность костной ткани, остеопороз, денситометрия, двухэнергетическая рентгеновская абсорбциометрия, Hodgkin’s lymphoma, bone mineral, osteoporosis, densitometry, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry
Currently, Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL) is considered as a potentially curable disease. The polychemotherapy including various combinations of cytostatic drugs and glucocorticoids appears the standard of treatment in patients with HL. Patients with early stage disease (stage I to II) receive several cycles of chemotherapy followed by the radiotherapy. The possibility of achieving persistent disease-free survival poses a problem of ensuring a satisfactory quality of life and preventing the long-term consequences of antitumor therapy. One of those consequences may be a change in bone mineral density (BMD). Aim of the study was to assess the BMD in patients with HL. Material and methods. BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorbtiometry using a stationary LunarProdigy bone densitometer (GE, USA). The Russian FRAX model was used in this study. The model uses clinical data to calculate the major low-energy fractures and the hip fractures. Results. The decreased BMD was revealed in 36 observed HL subjects (48.6 %). Patients with osteoporosis were generally older, had a lower body mass index as compared to patients with normal BMD ( p < 0.05). Based on FRAX assessment, the 10-year risk of major low-energy fractures and the hip fractures was expectedly higher in patients with osteoporosis and osteopenia as compared to subjects with normal BMD ( p < 0.05). More patients with radiotherapy in anamnesis had decreased BMD compared to patients who received chemotherapy only (χ2 = 5.47; р = 0.0194). More than half of the patients (59.1 %) receiving regimens containing glucocorticosteroids had BMD decrease. A comparative analysis revealed that patients younger than 50 years old had lower values of BMD and Z-score of the lumbar spine in the early stages of HL as compared to patients with stage III-IV. In turn, in patients older 50 years and postmenopausal women at the early stages of HL was a significant decrease of BMD and T-score of the femoral neck as compared to patients with advanced stages of the disease. This research suggests that the decrease in BMD in stages I-II of HL can be associated with radiotherapy as the generally accepted standard for the treatment of early stages of the disease.
Elena Nikolaevna VOROPAEVA1, Tatyana Ivanovna POSPELOVA2, Mikhail Ivanovich VOEVODA1, Vladimir Nikolaevich MAKSIMOV1
a:2:{s:4:"TEXT";s:209:"1Research Institutе of Internal and Preventive Medicine - Branch of Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics of SB RAS 2State Medical University of Minzdrav of Russia";s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"html";}
Keywords: ген ТР53, мутации, диффузная В-крупноклеточная лимфома, ритуксимаб, прогноз, таргетная терапия, gene TP53, mutations, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, rituximab, prognosis, target therapy
Objective: to reveal the clinical significance of the mutation status of the TP53 gene in the group of receiving rituximab therapy patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in Novosibirsk. Material and methods. A total of 74 patients with DLBCL, who have been hospitalized at the City Hematology Center in Novosibirsk for the period 2012-2015, were examined. All patients received therapy with rituximab. The nucleotide sequence of the coding region of the TP53 gene (exons 5-10) and adjacent regions of introns was analyzed by the Sanger direct capillary sequencing. Functional analysis of the revealed mutations was carried out. The results of the patients` therapy were evaluated. Results and discussion. For the first time, it has been revealed in the course of the study of Russian patients with DLBCL setting that TP53 mutation status is associated with the greater incidence of B-symptoms, splenomegaly, leukemia of the lymphoma, and poor prognostic groups according to the International Prognostic Index. A tendency toward a greater frequency of achieving complete clinical and hematologic remission during the therapy was revealed in the subgroup of patients with DLBCL having a canonical sequence of a gene or a mutation in TP53 with an unproven oncogenic potential. Patients with functionally significant TP53 mutations had a lower overall survival rates. Conclusion. For this reason, hopefully therapeutic approaches aimed at the inactivated pathway of TP53 can further improve clinical outcomes in DLBCL.
Igor Leonidovich DAVYDKIN, Natalya Sergeevna POPELNYUK, Kseniya Viktorovna NAUMOVA, Elizaveta Vladimirovna MORDVINOVA, Tatyana Yurevna STEPANOVA, Svetlana Petrovna KRIVOVA, Anastasiya Aleksandrovna ROGOZINA, Tatyana Pavlovna KUZMINA
Samara State Medical University of Minzdrav of Russia
Keywords: миелопролиферативное заболевание, хронический миелолейкоз, истинная полицитемия, качество жизни, myeloproliferative disease, chronic myeloid leukemia, polycythemia vera, quality of life
The target drugs use showed high efficiency and raised the patients’ life expectancy approaching it to average on population and became the new era in hematooncology. Given the currant tendency, the investigation of problems of patients’ quality of life and the affecting factors is actual. We have analyzed the modern foreign and domestic literature data concerning the quality of life of patients with myeloproliferative diseases and their variation principal causes and parameters reflecting the phenomenon. Also, we state the basic information on diseases where the myeloid lineage hyperplasia is the root cause. The pathophysiological and clinical features of the blood system pathologies are specified. The high-priority factors influencing quality of life of patients with myeloproliferative diseases are highlighted. The basic mechanisms of cardiovascular and thrombotic events development, playing a key role in the patients quality of life forming are in more detail described on the example of chronic myeloid leukemia and polycythemia vera. Moreover, the expediency of search of new diagnostic approaches to the assessment of myeloproliferative diseases course and the patients’ quality of life on a background of modern therapy have been shown.
The data on studies of the expression of microRNA regulatory molecules miR-155 and miR-223 in bone marrow and peripheral blood cells in patients with chronic lymphoid leukemia (CLL) at various stages of the disease progression are presented. The microRNAs were determined by the method of highly sensitive PCR in various peripheral blood substrates (plasma, lymphocytes, extracellular vesicles) and bone marrow in patients with CLL. The expression rates correlated with clinical data and the effectiveness of standard therapy. It is noted that an increase in the miR-155 expression and decrease in the miR-223 expression are associated with poor prognosis, resistance to therapy and high rate of the tumors progression of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. MiR-155 overexpression in all studied blood substrates (plasma, lymphocytes, extracellular vesicles) and bone marrow and decrease in miR-223 expression in lymphocytes, bone marrow and plasma were significantly associated with the stages of chronic lymphocytic leukemia according to J. Binet. The patients with CLL with the miR-223 low level in the bone marrow, extracellular vesicles and plasma and the miR-155 high level before treatment initiation did not achieve an optimal response to the therapy.
Yuliya Nikolaevna OBGOLTS1, Natalya Grigorievna SAMOYLOVA2, Svetlana Semenovna FED`2, Svetlana Aleksandrovna KARMANOVSKAYA2, Igor Borisovich KOVYNEV3, Tatyana Ivanovna POSPELOVA3 1City Hematological Center 2City Clinical Hospital No. 2 3Novosibirsk State Medical University of Minzdrav of Russia
Keywords: висцеральный лейшманиоз, ВИЧ-инфекция, гематологический синдром, патология костного мозга при паразитарной инфекции, visceral leishmaniasis, HIV infection, hematological syndrome, bone marrow involvement in parasitic infection
The clinical case of visceral leishmaniasis and HIV coinfection, associated with bone marrow involvement, which is uncommon in Siberia, was demonstrated. The detailed literature review on the issue was given. The data analysis of leishmaniasis prevalence dynamics in northern latitudes was conducted and the features of disease epidemiology were highlighted. The clinical forms of this parasite invasion and the contemporary ideas about mechanism of lieshmania escape from phagocytosis were described on the basis of recent data. The algorithm of differential diagnosis, diagnosis criterions and treatment standards were developed. The comprehensive approach to diagnosis and management of the zoonosis and HIV coinfection were described. The disease hematological features such as pancytopenia, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly and fever were revealed. The significant of bone marrow hematopoiesis examination in leishmaniasis was specified. The analysis of the literature on the transformation of modern visceral leishmaniasis was carried out: an increase in the number of erased clinical debut forms, an increase in the duration of the latent period of the disease up to 130-160 days after transfection, an increase in the role of immunodepression factors in the clinical manifestation of the disease. The data on the epidemiological sources of zoonosis - insect vectors, conditions of infection, methods of prevention have been performed.
The aim of study was to determine main types of iron overload in the intermediate- and lower-risk patients with myelodysplastic syndrome by using the research data of clinical and biochemical features of iron metabolism. Material and methods. A total of 22 patients with myelodysplastic syndrome, treated in Novosibirsk Hematological Centre, were examined. The average age was 62.6 ± 12.2 years. Among them, 14 (63.6 %) patients were transfusion-dependent and 8 (36.4 %) patients without transfusion dependence. To analyze the iron metabolism, the standard measures of iron status (serum iron and ferritin content, total and latent iron binding capacity, transferrin saturation) as well as additional markers, measured by ELISA (serum hepcidin content) were used. Results and discussion. The role of multiple transfusions in formation of iron excess in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome was demonstrated. In the transfusion-dependent group of patients the serum iron was 31.56 ± 15.59 μmol/l, transferrin saturation level - 64.1 ± 32.92 %, total and latent iron binding capacity - 48.87 ± 11.7 and 17.32 ± 12.66 μmol/l, serum ferritin level - 689.08 ± 104.98 ng/ml (in non-transfusion dependent group - 24.6 ± 7.58 μmol/l, 31.28 ± 19.48 %, 51.6 ± 17.41 and 35.86 ± 16.98 μmol/l, respectively). The trends in associated changes of ferritin and hepcidin level depending on the number of obtained transfusions showed the following results: less than 9 transfusions - r = 0.96 ( n = 6; p < 0.001), from 9 to 24 erythrocyte units - r = 0.009 ( n = 9; p > 0.06), more than 24 transfusions per year - r = -0.55 ( n = 7; p < 0.05). It proved the loss of sensitivity of hepcidin level to ferritin level in patients with high transfusion burden. Conclusion. The study demonstrated the role of ineffective hematopoiesis in the regulation disorders of hepcidin level in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome and iron overload formation without connection with transfusions.
The aim of study was to research and present literature data regarding the investigations of some combined types of anemia in pregnancy and to describe the clinical case of pregnancy associated with primary parvovirus B19 infection and newly diagnosed hereditary erythrocyte membrane disorder. The contemporary information about the etiology, the prevalence, structure and some features of pathogenesis of parvovirus infection based on literature data was given. The huge prevalence of this infection (according to data of different sources the serum level of parvovirus B19 specific antibodies may be detect in 90 % of population), its threat for fetus and risk of severe complications in patients with immunodeficiency, as well as possibility of development of total depression of hematopoiesis in patients with hereditary erythrocyte membrane disorders, such as Minkowsky-Chauffard disease, determine the relevance and significance of the discussed topic. Furthermore, this clinical case, which illustrates the features of primary parvovirus B19 infection in patient with hereditary hemolytic anemia and the difficulties of differential diagnosis, demonstrates the importance of parvovirus infection markers detection, which is not available in the most TORCH-panel.
a:2:{s:4:"TEXT";s:275:"Mekhti Magomedovich AGAKISHIEV1, Inna Ivanovna MULINA2, Anna Mikhaylovna POPOVA3, Irina Nikolaevna NECHUNAEVA1, Lyudmila Mikhaylovna MASLOVA1, Igor’ Borisovich KOVYNEV3, Tat’yana Ivanovna POSPELOVA3";s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"html";} 1City Hematological Center 2Republican Hospital No. 1 - National Center of Medicine 3Novosibirsk State Medical University of Minzdrav of Russia
Keywords: болезнь Стилла взрослых, миелоидная саркома, дифференциальный диагноз лимфаденопатии, adult-onset Still’s disease, myeloid sarcoma, differential diagnosis of lymphadenopathy
The analysis of literature data on modern approaches in the diagnosis and treatment of adult-onset Still’s disease has been performed. A clinical case of Still’s disease associated with lymphadenopathy syndrome was demonstrated. It is noted that the diagnosis of adult Still’s disease requires a doctor to exclude a complex of a tumor, rheumatological and infectious pathology. It is important for a hematologist not to miss a blood tumor and to prevent a diagnostic error. The authors showed the criteria for exclusion of myeloblastic hematosarcoma and malignant lymphoma in a patient with Still’s disease. The importance of taking into account the clinical data is noted: the absence of progressive sarcomal growth of lymph nodes, the lack of generalization and dissemination of myeloblastic substrate in the body, the reduction of fever with steroids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The role of monitoring clinical and biochemical blood parameters has been proved such as: blood ferritin level, C-reactive protein, hemogram parameters. The relative value of positron emission computed tomography data, which can be falsely interpreted, is shown. Correct diagnosis, rejection of an incorrect diagnosis of hematological tumor will prevent the administration of myeloablative polychemotherapy, which is dangerous for an adult patient with Still’s disease. The article outlines the differential diagnosis algorithm, presents the criteria for diagnosis and approaches to therapy. A feature of the clinical case was the detection of antibodies against yersenia. A meeting with an infectious agent could be a trigger for the development of a multisystem form of Still’s disease in a patient.
Anna Sergeevna LYAMKINA, Tatyana Ivanovna POSPELOVA
Novosibirsk State Medical University of Minzdrav of Russia
Keywords: теломеры, теломераза, хронический миелолейкоз, telomeres, telomerase, chronic myeloid leukemia
A review of literature data on the change in telomere length and telomerase activity at various stages of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) has been performed. It has been shown that telomere length is reduced faster in the BCR-ABL-positive cells due to their rapid division. It has been reported that telomere length correlates with the remaining time until the disease progresses. Thus, the accelerated reduction of telomeres can be regarded as a sign of a poor prognosis of the disease. It was found that the rate of contraction of telomere length during the progression of the disease was 10-20 times higher than that observed in normal granulocytes and blast cells (tumor samples underwent at least 30-60 additional divisions from the base length of Ph-telomeres). More than 50 % of patients with CML (blast crisis) had a 50-fold increase in telomerase activity. The length of telomeres gradually increased when the cytogenetic response was achieved in the treatment of CML by imatinib or interferon-alpha. Inhibition of telomerase is a new possible therapeutic approach to the treatment of myeloproliferative and solid tumors. Various therapeutic approaches to the inhibition of telomerase have been developed.
Objective was to study genetic markers of thrombophilia in patients with hemophilia, which can affect the course of the disease and contribute to thrombotic complications. Material and methods. The study included 96 patients with severe hemophilia: 75 (78.1 %) - hemophilia A, 16 (16.7 %) - hemophilia B, 5 (5.2 %) - hemophilia with inhibitor form. All patients were with severe hemophilic arthropathyand and underwent knee or hip replacement. The average age of patients was 39.6 years. All patients were examined for markers of thrombophilia. Results. Ninety three patients had either a heterozygous or homozygous form of thrombophilia marker polymorphism. One of thrombophilia markers was present in 15 (15.6 %) patients and in 78 (81.3 %) there was a combination of several markers. In patients with hemophilia B homozygous mutations in the MTHFR gene (A1298C and C677T) were more than 2 times more frequent than in patients with hemophilia A. Conclusion. The frequency of occurrence of polymorphism of FV (G1691A), MTHFR (C677T) and PAI-1 in the studied group of patients with hemophilia is higher than in the general Russian population.
Viktor Ivanovich RUGAL1, Stanislav Semenovich BESSMELTSEV1, Natalya Yurevna SEMENOVA1, Sergey Vasilevich GRITSAEV1, Ivan Ivanovich KOSTROMA1, Natella Iosifovna ENUKASHVILI2, Anna Vadimovna CHUBAR3, Dmitriy Aleksandrovich IVOLGIN3 1Russian Research Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology of FMBA of Russia 2Institute of Cytology of RAS 3Pokrovsky Stem Cell Bank
Keywords: множественная миелома, костный мозг, ниша гемопоэтических стволовых клеток, АутоТГСК, микроокружение, ангиогенез, multiple myeloma, bone marrow, hematopoietic stem cell niche, AutoHSCT, microenvironment, angiogenesis
The purpose of the study is to evaluate the morphological and functional features of the tumor microenvironment and the cultural characteristics of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) before and after treatment. Material and methods. Parenchymal and stromal bone marrow tissue in iliac bone trepanobiopsy of 32 patients with MM aged from 48 to 78 years (median age 56 years) before and after treatment was investigated. The study applied histological, immunohistochemical and cultural methods. Results and discussion. Сhanges of stromal microenvironment of bone marrow in all patients with MM have been revealed: increased microvascular density and the number of endosteal stromal cells, strengthening of reticulin fiber in subendosteal and perivascular spaces. Increased angiogenesis correlates with the number of plasma cells in the myelogram ( r = 0.58; p < 0.05) and with the type of bone marrow infiltration ( r = 0.85; р < 0.05), as well as with osteodestructive changes in the patient’s history ( r = 0.65; p < 0.05). Significant changes in MSC cultures, both before and after therapy, including autologous hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation, were shown. Bone marrow MSC of patients with MM had decreased speed of proliferation (2.4 times on average), total time of passaging from 7 to 5 passages, increased expression of markers associated with myofibroblastic phenotype and aging (smooth muscle actin, β-galactosidase) compared to healthy donors. Conclusion. MSC cultures and BM niche forming elements of patients with MM have signs of tumor-associated microenvironment, despite the treatment of the underlying disease.
Anatoliy Mikhaylovich MIKHAYLOV1, Stanislav Semenovich BESSMELTSEV2, Vsevolod Gennad'yevich POTAPENKO3, Victor Ivanovich RUGAL2, Nataliya Yurievna SEMENOVA2, Nataliya Mikhaylovna KHMELNITSKAYA1 1North-West State Medical University n.a. I.I. Mechnikov 2Russian Research Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology of FMBA of Russia 3City Clinical Hospital No. 31
Keywords: болезнь Кастлемана, РОЕМS-синдром, лимфатические узлы, внутренние органы, васкулит, Castleman’s disease, POEMS syndrome, lymph nodes, internal organs, vasculitis
Objective: to study the condition of microvascular network in the tissues surrounding the biopsied lymph nodes: in the fat and connective tissue capsule, and to match these findings with the clinical picture of the disease. Material and methods. Our research included 24 patients with Castleman’s disease (CD), all negative for HIV and herpes virus-8 type, at the age of 36-70 years (men-14, women-10). 10 patients had hyaline-vascular type of CD, 14 patients had plasma-cell multicenter type. Of the 24 patients, 10 patients developed POEMS syndrome. The diagnosis of CD was confirmed by the histological examination of the lymph node and immunohistochemical study of the distribution of B- and T- lymphocytes in the node tissue. Vessels showed immunohistochemical positivity with antibodies to CD34, plasma cells with antibodies to CD138. Four patients with POEMS syndrome did not receive treatment, 6 patients received various types of therapy. Of these, 2 patients underwent therapy with autologous stem cell transplantation of bone marrow. Both patients were in remission of CD and POEMS for 10 years. Two patients received 5 cycles of therapy according to VCD scheme. They were alive for 5 years with the reduction of POEMS’s symptoms. 1 patient with POEMS and autoimmune hemolysis has received 10 courses of R-CHOP and has resulted in remission for 3 years. Two of the 6 deceased patients with POEMS syndrome underwent autopsy. Results and discussion. In all patients, regardless of the histological variant of CD, productive vasculitis in microvascular network was found and it had following characteristics: thickening of the walls due to lymph-histiocytic infiltration, fibrosis, swelling of endothelial cells, which narrowed or completely obstruct the vessel’s lumen. The most severe sclerosis of small vessels in the lymph node tissue was observed in patients with POEMS, in which perivascular infiltration included plasma cells. Patients with POEMS showed extensive involvement in the sclerotic process nearby vessels. The study of the microvascular network on the autopsy material revealed its systemic damage in all internal organs. Conclusion. Regardless of the histological variant of Castleman’s disease, in all 24 cases there was a lesion of microvascular network in the form of plasma cell productive vasculitis, with the most severe changes in group of patients with POEMS syndrome.
Objective. To study of manifestation of angiogenic and hemostatic forms of endothelial dysfunction and systemic inflammatory response in patients with non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas at the onset of disease. Material and methods. A total of 99 patients were enrolled in this study, including 55 patients with aggressive variants and 44 patients with indolent variants. The average age was 60.71±10.63 years. The serum level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was measured as a marker of angiogenic form of endothelial dysfunction, the serum levels of thrombomodulin, D-dimers, soluble fibrin-monomer complex (SFMC) and level of Willebrand factor activity were used for evaluation of hemostatic form of endothelial dysfunction. To assess the degree of systemic inflammation response the serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines - TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 were measured, as well as serum level of acute phase proteins - C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen. The serum level of IL-4 was used to evaluate antinflammation resistance. Results and discussion. Proinflammatory cytokine (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) content was higher in both studied groups compare to the control group. Serum concentration of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4 in studied groups did not differ from the level in the controls group. CRP and fibrinogen serum content was increased only in group of patients with aggressive variants. There was a significant correlation between the level of CRP and proinflammatory cytokines in aggressive lymphoma group. Serum content of VEGF, thrombomodulin, D-dimers, SFMC and Willebrand factor activity were increased in both studied group in comparison with the control group. Concentration of thrombomodulin, D-dimers, SFMC and Willebrand factor activity was higher in patients with aggressive than in patients with indolent lymphomas. Conclusion. The signs of angiogenic and hemostatic forms of endothelial dysfunction in patients with aggressive and indolent variants of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma were detected, as well as manifestation of systemic inflammatory response and attenuation of anti-inflammatory resistance with development of cytokines imbalance with proinflammatory cytokines predominance. The manifestations of systemic inflammatory response and hemostatic type of endothelial dysfunction with activation of coagulation were displayed more prominently in the aggressive lymphoma group.
Nataliya Sergeevna NIKULINA, Elena Nikolaevna KALININA
Kirov Research Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion of FMBA
Keywords: валидация, эритроцитсодержащие компоненты крови, контроль качества, методики анализа, метрологические характеристики, validation, erythrocyte-containing blood components, quality control, methods of analysis, metrological characteristics
Objective - to evaluate experimentally the suitability of quality control methods used to control the quality of erythrocyte-containing blood components. Material and methods. In order to assess the metrological characteristics of the techniques, 46 samples of erythrocyte-containing blood components were analyzed: 10 samples of erythrocyte mass, 26 samples of erythrocyte suspension, 6 samples of erythrocyte suspension of leukoreduced and 4 samples of leukoreduced platelet concentrate. For determining the hemoglobin content as a negative control («placebo» sample), «Sodium chloride, 0.9 % infusion solution» was used. The hemoglobin content (total and free) was determined by three methods: hemiglobincyanide method, non-cyanide SLS method using a hematology analyzer «Sysmex XT-4000i-1», and photometric method using a portable analyzer «HemoCue Hb 201+». Two methods were used to determine hematocrit: a unified method of centrifugation in hematocrit capillaries, a conductometric method using a hematology analyzer «Sysmex XT-4000i-1». Counting the number of residual leukocytes was performed by three methods: a unified method of counting in 2 Goryaev chambers, flow cytometry using a «Sysmex XT-4000i-1» hematology analyzer, and flow cytometry using a «FACS CantoTMII analyzer». Results and discussion. The maximum values of coefficients of variation of the analysis methods of total hemoglobin and the hemolysis degree by the hemiglobincyanide method, hematocrit - by the unified method, were 3.03, 20.71 and 1.83 %, respectively. When using the analyzer «Sismex XT-4000i-1», the coefficients of variation of the methods for determining the hemoglobin content ranged from 0.29 to 0.54 %, hematocrit from 0.58 to 1.87 %. In the course of comparing the three methods for determining the amount of residual leukocytes in the leukoreduced blood components, it was concluded that it is advisable to use the flow cytometry method on the «FACS CantoTMII analyzer». The attributed characteristic of the technique was 19.8 %. Conclusion. For the control of total hemoglobin and the degree of hemolysis, the hemiglobincyanide method and the uncyanide SLS method using the «Sysmex XT-4000i» hematology analyzer are recommended. Hematocrit determination should be carried out using a unified method and using a «Sysmex XT-4000i» hematology analyzer. The amount of residual leukocytes in leukoreduced components is recommended to be determined by flow cytometry using a «FACS CantoTMII» analyzer.
Yuliya Vladimirovna MOOR1,2, Konstantin Vasilyevich KHALZOV2,3, Tatyana Ivanovna POSPELOVA2 1Novosibirsk Clinical Blood Center 2Novosibirsk State Medical University 3Ministry of Health of Novosibirsk region
Keywords: Новосибирский клинический центр крови, доноры, оптимизация, медицинское освидетельствование, бережливое здравоохранение, Novosibirsk Clinical Blood Center, donors, optimization, medical examination, lean health care
Objective was to assess the possibility of optimizing the process of medical examination of blood donors and its components based on the principles of lean health care, to reduce the average working time of the sites involved in the procedure of medical examination of donors. Material and methods. The analysis of the general timing of procedures of medical examination of registration of donors, primary clinical and laboratory research, medical examination in two non-conjugated groups of donors in the amount of 200 people, the results of a sociological survey of donors of the blood Center in the amount of 1137 people has been carried out. Results and discussion. In order to reduce the time spent by donors at the donor center, the organization of donor flows during registration and medical examination has been changed in the blood center, for which various administrative decisions have been taken and implemented. The areas of work were: the creation of the necessary infrastructure, the introduction of an open registry, electronic document management, reducing queues, waiting time for a transfusiologist and clinical and laboratory studies, the formation of a comfortable environment for donors in the Novosibirsk clinical blood center. The activities carried out allowed to optimize the processes of interaction with blood and its components donors, to improve the quality of donor service and to reduce the total time of medical examination: the average time of medical examination for donors was reduced by 2.2 times - from (51.9 ± 0.8) minutes to (23.6 ± 0.5) minutes, the capacity of the registry was increased by 1.6 times, the area of recruitment of donor personnel and the laboratory was reduced by 1.8 times, the satisfaction of donors with the conditions provided in the blood Center was increased by 23.1 %. Conclusion. The introduction of the principles of lean health care into the routine practice of donor admission allowed the Novosibirsk clinical blood center to improve the work of medical personnel, optimize the process of medical examination, accelerate the execution of tests, simplify the registration for donation and, as a result, increase donor satisfaction with the conditions of donation provided in the Novosibirsk clinical blood center.
