V.A. Shishko1, I.D. Bryukhanov2, E.V. Nie2, N.V. Kustova1, D.N. Timofeev1, A.V. Konoshonkin1,2 1V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634055, Russia 2National Research Tomsk State University, 36, Lenin Avenue, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
Keywords: матрица обратного рассеяния света, ледяные кристаллы, перистые облака, метод физической оптики, поляризационный лидар, light backscattering matrices, ice crystals, cirrus clouds, physical optics approximation, polarization lidar
Subsection: OPTICS OF CLUSTERS, AEROSOLS, AND HYDROSOLES
The paper presents the algorithm of interpreting the light backscattering matrices (BSM) that were obtained by the unique high-altitude polarization lidar of NR TSU while sounding cirrus clouds. The microphysical properties of cirrus clouds, i.e., size, spatial orientation, shape, and percentage of different particles based on BSMs calculated within physical optics approximation were estimated.
I.V. Samokhvalov1, I.D. Bryukhanov1, V.A. Shishko2, N.V. Kustova2, E.V. Nie1, A.V. Konoshonkin1,2, O.Yu. Loktushin1, D.N. Timofeev2 1National Research Tomsk State University, 36, Lenin Avenue, Tomsk, 634050, Russia 2V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634055, Russia
Keywords: конденсационные следы самолетов, поляризационный лидар, матрица обратного рассеяния света, contrails, polarization lidar, backscattering phase matrix
Subsection: OPTICS OF CLUSTERS, AEROSOLS, AND HYDROSOLES
The technique for detecting and studying the optical and microphysical characteristics of aircraft condensation trails using the unique altitude polarization lidar of the National Research Tomsk State University (NR TSU) is described. The microstructure parameters of the ensembles of crystalline particles were estimated by comparing the elements of the backscattering light matrices (BSLM) obtained theoretically and experimentally. It is shown that the contrail appeared behind an aircraft formed in the atmosphere in 30-40 minutes after the emission of fuel combustion products from engines consists of small randomly oriented particles of ice, mostly columnar.
A.V. Mikhalev1, M.A. Tashchlin1, S.M. Sakerin2 1Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, 664033, Irkutsk, 126a, Lermontova str. 2V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634055, Russia
Keywords: атмосферный аэрозоль, АОТ, излучение верхней атмосферы Земли, atmospheric aerosol, AOD, airglow
Subsection: OPTICS OF CLUSTERS, AEROSOLS, AND HYDROSOLES
The study results of the atmospheric aerosol effect on the registered Earth’s airglow are presented. We used data from CIMEL CE-318 automated solar photometer, which is a part of the global terrestrial network (AERONET), and observational data of atomic oxygen emission lines [OI] 557.7 and 630 nm in the Geophysical Observatory of the Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Fhysis SB RAS (52°N, 103°E). The nonlinear dependence of the 557.7 and 630 nm emissions intensity on the aerosol optical depth (AOD) was revealed. An increase in the correlation coefficients was obtained for small AOD values (up to 0.5), and a decrease, for large turbidity. An observation interval with a high positive correlation between the 557.7 and 630.0 nm emission intensities and AOD, which is supposedly associated with extensive areas of forest fires, was identified.
V.I. Mankovskiy
Marine Hydrophysical Institute National Academy of the RAS, 2, Kapitanskaya St., Sevastopol, 299011, Russia
Keywords: консервативное и неконсервативное желтое вещество, показатели поглощения, рассеяния и ослабления, спектральная изменчивость, хлорофилл, conservative and non-conservative yellow substance, absorption, scattering and attenuation coefficients, spectral selectivity, chlorophyll
Subsection: OPTICS OF CLUSTERS, AEROSOLS, AND HYDROSOLES
A method for evaluation of the absorption coefficient of conservative yellow substance (CYS) from regression between hydrooptical characteristics is discussed. Estimates of CYS absorption in different waters are obtained. The parameter of spectral selectivity of CYS absorption is determined. The ratio of CYS absorption to total yellow substance absorption in waters with different concentrations of chlorophyll is calculated.
The outer scales of temperature turbulence and wind vector components in the surface air layer over an urban territory and a natural landscape are calculated. Monthly average values of the outer scales and their daily mean dynamics in different months are considered. A technique for calculation of the outer turbulence scale based on the results of parameterization of the structure functions of parameters under study is briefly described.
P.N. Antokhin1, O.Yu. Antokhina1, M.Yu. Arshinov1, B.D. Belan1, D.K. Davydov1, A.V. Kozlov1, A.V. Fofonov1, M. Sasakawa2, T. Machida2 1V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634055, Russia 2National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, 305-8506, Tsukuba, Japan
Keywords: атмосферное блокирование, метан, углекислый газ, концентрация, JR-STATION, зимний период, высота пограничного слоя, приземное давление, atmospheric blocking, methane, carbon dioxide, concentration, winter period, JR-STATION, height of the boundary layer, surface pressure
The paper proposes a mechanism for the influence of atmospheric blocking on the gas and aerosol composition of the surface layer of the atmosphere in the winter period. According to the mechanism proposed, an increase in the concentrations is observed in the cyclonic part of the blocking formed by the advection of polar air masses and more often localized in southern regions of Western Siberia. The increase in the concentrations occurs due to a decrease in the height of the boundary layer and the formation of inversion. To confirm the mechanism proposed, the variability of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations was studied in background regions of Western Siberia (JR-STATION - Japan-Russia Siberian Tower Inland Observation Network) during periods of atmospheric blocking. A total of 12 blocking periods were analyzed. It turned out that during the blocking period, the concentrations of CH4 and CO2 increase in most of the events for the stations located in the south of Western Siberia. The average difference in the CH4 concentrations between the blocking periods and the periods preceding the blockings was 133 ppb (range of variability is from 50 to 370 ppb), for CО2, 9.5 ppm (range of variability is from 4 to 17 ppm). The average growth rate of the concentration during the blocking periods was 48 ppb/day for CH4 (the maximum is 182 ppb/day, the minimum is 12 ppb/day), and for CO2, 3 ppm/day (the maximum is 9 ppm/day, the minimum is 1 ppb/day). The average increase for CH4 was 268 ppb, and for CO2, 17 ppm.
Main characteristics of the astroclimate (the turbulent fields structure and the formation conditions) are studied in a number of Russian astronomical observatories in the Southern Siberia and the North Caucasus: Sayan Solar, Baikal Astrophysical, Special Astrophysical, Kolyvansky Ridge Observatory, Center of Laser Atmosphere Sensing of V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics SB RAS. The experimental results have been reached from long-term astroclimate observations (expeditions 2006-2017) using a small-sized ultrasonic weather station; theoretical results - by numerical solving of various boundary value problems for the Navier-Stokes equations. Presence of regions with coherent (non-Kolmogorov) turbulence over the observatories has been established, the formation of which is caused by the terrain and the uneven heating of the underlying surface. Large vortical coherent structures and the coherent turbulence have been registered inside dome rooms. Numerical simulation allows to analyze of the influence of design features and temperature regimes of the telescope elements, as well as to test the telescope optical characteristics, including the minimization of the influence of external and under-dome turbulence. The article has the character of a review of the authors' own researches. The introduction contains a brief historical overview of the origin and evolution of the concepts "coherent structure" and "coherent turbulence", based on the world scientific literature.
N.A. Vasnev1, M.V. Trigub1, G.S. Evtushenko2,3 1V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634055, Russia 2Prokhorov General Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991, Moscow, Vavilov Str., 38 3National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 30, Lenin Avenue, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
Keywords: лазерный монитор, бистатическая схема лазерного монитора, активная фильтрация, визуализация, усилители яркости, коэффициент усиления, удаленные объекты, laser monitor, bistatic scheme of a laser monitor, active filtration, imaging, brightness amplifiers, gain, remote objects
Subsection: OPTICAL SOURCES AND RECEIVERS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES
The effect of the brightness amplifier operation mode on images obtained by means of a bistatic laser monitor, an active optical system with a two laser active elements, is investigated. The possibility of imaging the remote objects (more than 5 m) by means of this scheme of laser monitor has been evaluated. It is shown that a change in the concentration of the active substance (copper bromide) of the amplifier significantly affects the amplification of the input signal. The active substance temperature rise in the range from 480 to 550 °C leads to an increase in the gain over the entire input level range. A further increase in the temperature (570 °C) increases the gain at a relatively small input signal (less than 100 mW). The resulting amplification characteristics of the active optical system are described and compared with the parameters of the images (distortion, brightness).
T.Yu. Chesnokova1, M.V. Makarova2, A.V. Chentsov1, Yu.V. Voronina1, V.I. Zakharov3,4, N.V. Rokotyan3, B. Langerock5 1V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634055, Russia 2Saint-Petersburg State University, University Embankment, 7-9, St. Petersburg, 199034 3Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, 620083, 51 Lenina, Ekaterinburg, Russia 4Institute of Mathematics and Mechanics of Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia, 620990, Ekaterinburg, S. Kovalevskaja st., 16 5Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy BIRA-IASB, 3-Avenue Circulaire B-1180 Brussels, Belgium
Keywords: монооксид углерода, атмосферное пропускание, спектроскопические базы данных, carbon monoxide, atmospheric transmission, spectroscopic databases
Subsection: SPECTROSCOPY OF AMBIENT MEDIUM
Carbon monoxide CO is a marker of the atmosphere pollution caused by fires and combustion engines emission. The regular monitoring of the CO content in the atmosphere is needed to control the air quality. In the work, the results of CO atmospheric total content retrievals from the solar spectra recorded by Fourier spectrometers placed in Saint Petersburg (59.88N, 29.83E) and Kourovka (57.038N, 59.545E) stations, are presented. The impact of the difference in CO absorption line parameters in modern spectroscopic data bases on accuracy of the CO atmospheric content retrieval from the high resolution spectra is estimated.
L.A. Bolbasova1,2, V.P. Lukin1, A.Yu. Shikhovtsev3, P.G. Kovadlo3 1V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634055, Russia 2National Research Tomsk State University, 36, Lenin Avenue, Tomsk, 634050,Russia 3Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, 664033, Irkutsk, 126a, Lermontova str
Keywords: астроклимат, скорость ветра, адаптивная оптика, astroclimate, wind speed, adaptive optics
Subsection: OPTICS OF STOCHASTICALLY-HETEROGENEOUS MEDIA
Seasonal changes in the altitude distribution of wind speed in the lake Baikal region for the Baikal Astrophysical Observatory of the ISSP SB RAS are studied in connection with the task of developing an adaptive optics system of the Large Solar Vacuum Telescope. The data of NCEP/NCAR in the period 1948-2016 are analyzed. Average and median values, first and third quartiles of the wind speed profiles to an altitude of 32.5 km are calculated for each month of the year. The seasonal variations in the tropopause height are obtained from NCEP/NCAR data. A model for the wind speed profile is suggested. A feature of the model is the consideration of wind speed at 200 hPa as an indicator of the quality of astronomical images.
M.V. Tarasenkov1, V.V. Belov1,2, E.S. Poznakharev1,2 1V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634055, Russia 2National Research Tomsk State University, 36, Lenin Avenue, Tomsk, 634050,Russia
Keywords: подводная связь, канал связи на рассеянном излучении вне прямой видимости, метод Монте-Карло, underwater optical communication, NLOS diffuse link, Monte-Carlo method
Subsection: OPTICS OF STOCHASTICALLY-HETEROGENEOUS MEDIA
Using an algorithm of the Monte Carlo method with modified double local estimation, the impulse response of the link of non-line-of-site underwater communication on scattered radiation is simulated for base distances between the source and the receiver from 10 to 100 m at a wavelength of 0.5 mm. The received radiation power and the maximal repetition frequency of pulses transmitted through the communication link are estimated based on the impulse response.
A technique for processing measurements with 4- and 9-channel transparency meters developed at the Department of Marine Optics and Biophysics of Marine Hydrophysical Institute are discussed. A system of orthogonal functions for beam attenuation coefficient of coastal waters near Sevastopol was derived on the basis of new measurements with a 9-channel transparency meter. It was used to retrieve the spectral distribution of the beam attenuation coefficient in a wide spectral range from measurements in two (460 and 625 nm) spectral channels. The technique suggested was used to calculate the bio-optical characteristics from the beam attenuation coefficient measured in two expeditions of the R/V “Biryuza” in September 9-10, 2015, and September 12-13, 2016, in the coastal waters of Sevastopol. The main features of the obtained distributions of dissolved organic matter absorption and suspended matter scattering in both surveys are connected with the plume upwelling to the sea surface. The existence of the plume is a consequence of emergency state of the underwater pipe of the wastewater discharge system.
Conditions of THz generation in laser filament from ultrashort pulses under aberrations in one- and two-color optical scheme are observed. Possibilities of controlling THz radiation pattern by electric field and aberrations in focusing beam are discussed.
T.V. Khodzher1, G.S. Zhamsueva2, A.S. Zayakhanov2, A.L. Dementeva2, V.V. Tsydypov2, Yu.S. Balin3, I.E. Penner3, G.P. Kokhanenko3, S.V. Nasonov3, M.G. Klemasheva3, L.P. Golobokova1, V.L. Potemkin1 1Limnological Institute of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, 3, Ulan-Batorskaya str., 664033, Irkutsk, Russia 2Institute of Physical Material Science of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, 670047, Ulan-Ude, 8, Sakhyanovoy str 3V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634055, Russia
Keywords: оз. Байкал, тропосферный озон, окислы азота, аэрозоль, лидар, лесные пожары, НИС «Академик В.А. Коптюг», Lake Baikal, tropospheric ozone, nitrogen oxides, aerosol, lidar, forest fires, research vessel “Academik V.А. Koptyug”
The paper presents the results of complex experimental studies of gas impurities and the vertical structure of aerosol in the atmosphere above Lake Baikal in July 2018 from the research vessel “Academik V.А. Koptyug”. Simultaneous observations were made at the “Boyarsky” station, located in the south-eastern part of Lake Baikal. A brief description of the equipment used in the experiments is given; some preliminary results of the analysis of the data obtained are discussed.
D.A. Marakasov1, V.M. Sazanovich1, R.Sh. Tsvyk1, A.N. Shesternin1, D.A. Gubanov2 1V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634055, Russia 2Khristianovich Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 4/1, Institutskaya str., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
Keywords: сверхзвуковая струя, акустическое поле, волновой фронт, частотный спектр, микрофоны, дискретные частоты, акустический шум, supersonic jet, acoustic field, wave front, frequency spectrum, microphones, discrete frequencies, acoustic noise
Subsection: ACOUSTOOPTICAL AND RADIOOPTICAL METHODS OF ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES
The article presents the results of experimental studies of the acoustic field generated by a supersonic jet at the installation of the VJU ITPM SB RAS. The measurements were made with 9 microphones placed symmetrically with respect to the jet axis. The shape of the phase front of the sound wave, the spectra of broadband acoustic noise and discrete components with high temporal and spatial resolution are analyzed. It is shown that the structure of turbulence in the acoustic field is inhomogeneous and is formed by several sources.
V.A. Gladkikh, I.V. Nevzorova, S.L. Odintsov
V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634055, Russia
Keywords: порывы ветра, приземный слой, турбулентность, wind gusts, surface layer, turbulence
Subsection: ACOUSTOOPTICAL AND RADIOOPTICAL METHODS OF ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES
The structure of strong wind gusts in the surface air layer over an urban territory and a natural landscape is analyzed. Experimental data obtained with ultrasonic anemometers-thermometers at altitudes of 5 and 10 m (natural landscape) and 17 m (urban territory) above the surface have been examined. Contributions of the longitudinal and transverse components to wind gusts have been estimated. Motions to the right from the main flow and from top down have been found to predominate somewhat in wind gusts.
S.A. Soldatenko, R.M. Yusupov
St. Petersburg Institute for Informatics and Automation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 14-th Linia, VI, No. 39, St. Petersburg, 199178, Russia
Keywords: изменение климата, глобальное потепление, импульсная переходная функция, неравновестный отклик климата, стратосферный аэрозоль, climate change, global warming, impulse response function, transient climate response, stratospheric aerosols
E.K. Samygina1, A.I. Klem2,3 1National Research University, Krasnokazarmennaya 14, Moscow, 111250, Russia 2N.E. Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Russia, 107005, Moscow, 2-ya Baumanskaya str., 5 3P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Science, The Astro Space Center, 53 Leninskij Prospekt, 119991, Moscow, Russia
Keywords: космический телескоп, составное главное зеркало, многоосевые сервоприводы, система адаптивного управления, space telescope, the composite primary mirror, multi-axis servodrives, the adaptive control system
Currently, the scientific community is increasingly in demand for large-sized telescopes, which include the developed international project of the Millimetron space telescope with a composite main mirror diameter of ten meters. Creating an effective space telescope is associated with solving the problem of ensuring the high quality of observational information received by the telescope. The successful solution of this problem is largely determined by the task of ensuring high fidelity and maintaining the shape of the composite main telescope mirror (RMS 1 x 10-5 m [1, 3]) which can be solved using the adaptive control system of the space telescope. The article describes the developed mathematical model of the adaptive control system of the composite main telescope mirror, similar in characteristics to the Millimetron project, and presents the results of numerical simulation of the adaptive control system taking into account the limitations of the hardware and software implementation. According to the results of the simulation, an estimate was made of the error in maintaining the shape of the composite main mirror, confirming the applicability of the developed mathematical model.
The results of creation of new techniques and technical means that allow the use of small-sized unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in environmental monitoring of marine areas according to the MARPOL 73/78 international convention requirements are presented. The hard- and software complex developed for an oil spill recognition system with elements of artificial intelligence is described. The results of laboratory experiments on the identification of oil spills by the laser induced fluorescence (LIF) along with the technique for recording upward solar radiation spectrum are given.
V.V. Zuev1,2, D.P. Mordus1,3, A.V. Pavlinskii1 1Institute of Monitoring of Climatic and Ecological Systems of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 634055, Tomsk, 10/3, Academichesky ave 2National Research Tomsk State University, 36, Lenin Avenue, Tomsk, 634050,Russia 3Aviamettelekoma Roshydromet, 1, Deputatskaya, Novosibirsk, 630099, Russia
Keywords: обледенения воздушных судов, предупрежденность наличия явления, успешность прогноза, формула Годске, модель Шульца-Политович, aircraft icing, phenomenon presence warning, forecast accuracy, the Godske formula, the Schulz-Politovich model
Subsection: COMMUNICATIONS
The results of verification of the aircraft icing forecast based on the remote method for determining the areas of potential icing in the lower kilometer layer, are presented. The evaluation was carried out on the basis of the calculation of the presence warning of the dangerous meteorological phenomenon, in this case, the icing of the aircraft. The method of calculating of the phenomenon presence warning, which corresponds to the method used in the aviation forecasting units for the calculation of accuracy, is described. The proposed method takes into account not only time but also height. The calculations showed that the proposed remote method successfully predicted aircraft icing hazard, both using the Godske formula and the Schulz-Politovich model.
M. L. Pyatov
Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab., 7/9, St. Petersburg, 199034
Keywords: дилетант, дилетантизм, эволюция, технологии, информация, экономика, человек, современность, восприятие, dilettante, dilettantism, evolution, technologies, information, economy, man, modernity, perception
Subsection: SOCIETY AND ECONOMY: PROBLEMS OF DEVELOPMENT
The article considers the issues of dynamics of economic behavior of the parties to social relations related to changes in the technological (instrumental) environment of our existence, typical for the beginning of the 21st century - digitalization, internet technologies, development of the search algorithms, social media. Possible changes in self-identification of the participant of economic activity in his interaction with the information field formed by the internet technologies are being revealed. a new understanding of the dilettante phenomenon and his role in modern social and economic relations is offered. the subject is considered in the light of the K. Popper’s [three worlds] concept, provisions of the M. McLuhan’s instrumental evolution theory, a. giddens’ postmodernity theory and T. Friedman’s ‘flat world’ ideas.
A.V. Amelchenko, Yu.I. Mikhailov
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Keywords: стратегическое управление, ВВП, ВВП на душу населения, гене- ральная цель, научно-технический прогресс, финансирование исследований и разработок, внутренние затраты на исследования и разработки, взаимосвязь финансирования науки и социально-экономического развития страны, strategic management, gross domestic product, per capita gross domestic product, general goal, scientific-and-technological advance, financing of researches and projects, transfer cost of researches and projects, correlation of science financing and social-economic development of the country
Subsection: SOCIETY AND ECONOMY: PROBLEMS OF DEVELOPMENT
In the article main problems that appear during formation and performing of long-term Russian economics development program are defined, and strategic management is essential. It is suggested to use per capita gross domestic product as a measure of realization of the program. It is shown that gross domestic product can also be the main goal. Furthermore comparative evaluation of general goal achievement is performed where a leading position is given to the researches and projects that influence practically all kinds of economic activity of a big social-economic system.
T.V. Sumskaya1,2 1Institute of Economics and Industrial Engineering of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Academician Lavrentyev Ave., 17, Novosibirsk, Novosibirsk region, 630090 2Novosibirsk State University of Economics and Management, Kamenskaya str., 56, Novosibirsk, Russia, 630099
Keywords: доходы местных бюджетов, расходы местных бюджетов, муниципальные образования, налоговые доходы, неналоговые доходы, безвозмездные перечисления, трансферты, дефицит бюджета, профицит бюджета, бюджетная политика, revenues of local budgets, expenditures of local budgets, municipal settlements, tax revenues, non-tax revenues, grants, transfers, budget deficit, budget surplus, budget policy
Subsection: SOCIETY AND ECONOMY: PROBLEMS OF DEVELOPMENT
The financial independence of local government is the most important condition for its effective functioning. in russia the most of socially significant expenditures is concentrated at the level of local budgets. the purpose of the study is to analyze the main directions of the formation and directions of the use of local budgets in the russian federation. the executed complex of calculations on materials of municipal formations of the russian federation has allowed to reveal features of formation of revenues and expenditures of local budgets. the results of the research can be used to study the possibilities of improving the budget policy in the direction of equalization and stimulation of municipalities to strengthen their own revenue base. in addition, the analysis made it possible to character- ize the budgetary situation at the municipal level from the point of view of the sufficiency of the financial resources for exercising its own and transferred powers.
V.Z. Balikoev
Novosibirsk State University of Economics and Management, Kamenskaya str., 56, Novosibirsk, Russia, 630099
Keywords: предмет и метод, методика, методология, всеобщие, общие и специальные методы исследования, эффективность, subject and method, methods, methodology, universal, general and special research methods, efficiency
Subsection: SOCIETY AND ECONOMY: PROBLEMS OF DEVELOPMENT
The article discusses the research methodology issues in certain, special and applied economic subjects. The analysis of scientific and educational literature is carried out in parallel in terms of four subjects - financial management, banking, analysis of economic activity and accounting. It is noted that specialists involved in these fields of knowledge pay little attention to the research methodology issues - resulting in an adverse effect on the efficiency of teaching the stated subjects.
A.V. Svistunov
Murom Institute, st. Orlovskaya, 23, Murom, 602264
Keywords: механизм социально ответственного инвестирования, комплексная модернизация, объекты коммунальной инфраструктуры, водоснабжение, водоотведение, социальное государственно- (муниципально-) хозяйственное партнерство, mechanism of socially responsible investment, comprehensive modernization, communal infrastructure facilities, water supply, water consumption, social public (municipal) business partnership
Subsection: SOCIETY AND ECONOMY: PROBLEMS OF DEVELOPMENT
The article deals with the problem of effective and socially responsible investment of projects for the comprehensive modernization and reconstruction of worn-out housing and communal services to improve the quality of housing services using the example of water supply and water consumption systems. An assessment has been made of the current practice of reforming housing and communal services with the attraction of private investment in the context of the formation of concession agreements. The tendency is to transform the monopoly of the state into a private-state monopoly with ensuring the economic efficiency of the concessionaire and, as a result, with insufficient observance of public interests. The population is the main customer and consumer of public services, the actual investor of projects of concession agreements, officially deprived of this status. An alternative investment option is proposed based on the formation of a social public (municipal) business partnership mechanism involving open joint participation of state and municipal authorities, business entities and the population in investing in projects of comprehensive modernization of public utility infrastructure with public interest priority.
N.O. Chistyakova, V.V. Tatarnikova
National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Ave., 30, Tomsk, 634050
Keywords: собственные доходы бюджетов, муниципальные образования, местные бюджеты, социально-экономическое развитие территорий, own budget revenues, municipalities, local budgets, socio-economic development of territories
Subsection: STATISTICS AND ECONOMIC DIMENSION
The level of provision of the municipalities consolidated budgets was studied on example of Tomsk Region. A variance analysis of economic development indicators grouped by the level of provision of own revenues has been carried out. It is revealed a high differentiation of municipalities characterized by a decrease in the studied indicators along with a decrease the level of provision of own revenues. It is identified the need for the Russian Federation subjects to build relations municipalities included their composition based on their differentiation in terms of financial and economic capacity, as well as with the introduction of incentive mechanisms.
A. B. KHALILOV, M. J. IBRAHIMOVA, H. J. HUSEYNOV, V. M. ABBASOV
Y. H. Mammadaliyev Institute of Petrochemical Processes, Baku, Azerbaijan E-mail: minaver-ibrahimova@rambler.ru
Keywords: selective cleaning, ionic liquid, extractant, raffinate, desulphurization, dearomatisation
Pages: 109-119
In the past few years, the number of studies regarding the application of ionic liquids (IL) as alternative solvents to extract value-added compounds from crude oil fractions has been growing. Ionic liquids can be considered as green solvents due to their very low vapor pressure and wide range of applications with unique physical and chemical properties. In petroleum and hydrocarbon industries, various solvents have been used for treating purposes. However, these solvents have their own limitations as environmental and economical issue. These limitations can be overcome by use of ionic liquids. This paper gives a survey on the latest most popular IL, from their applications to their feasible results in refinery and petrochemical streams. Especially the selective treatment of the Azerbaijan’s crude oil fractions by IL was highlighted and achieved practicable and suitable results were indicated.
L. K. ALTUNINA1, M. S. FUFAEVA1, V. N. MANZHAI1, V. G. BONDALETOV2, D. V. FISENKO2 1 Institute of Petroleum Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
E-mail: alk@ipc.tsc.ru 2 National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia
Keywords: polyvinyl alcohol, polymer solution, polymeric petroleum resin, viscosity, cryogel, hydrophobicity, modulus of elasticity
Pages: 120-125
The rheological properties of a two-component aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), as well as emulsions consisting of water, PVA and hydrophobic filler, have been studied. The dispersed phase of the emulsions was transformer oil (TO) or polymeric petroleum resin (PPR), and the dispersion medium was an aqueous solution of PVA. To increase the adhesion of the PPR to the soil particles, the resin was pre-oxidized with hydrogen peroxide H2O2 to produce an oxidized polymeric petroleum resin (OPPR). After the freezing/thawing cycle, cryogels were formed from liquid systems and their mechanical, thermal, and physicochemical properties were studied. It has been established that cryogels containing TO have more elastic properties as compared with two-component cryostructured systems (PVA - water), but have less elasticity than cryogels containing PPR. The latter are also characterized by better thermal insulation properties compared to two-component cryogels. A particular feature of cryogels filled with OPPR is their hydrophobicity. It was revealed that after the soil was impregnated by a polymer emulsion with OPPR and a cryogel was formed subsequently after a freezing/thawing cycle, a water-proof shield was formed. Materials based on cryogels with hydrophobic properties, filled with OPPR, are promising and can be recommended for practical use in the oil and construction industry.
A. R. GEVORGYAN
Institute of Organic Chemistry, Scientific and Technological Center of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, Yerevan, Armenia
National Polytechnic University of Armenia, Yerevan, Armenia
E-mail: hasmikgevorgyan973@gmail.com
Keywords: intramolecular cyclization-dehydrochlorination, dialkyl(4-hydroxybut-2-ynyl)(3-phenyl-2,3-dichloroallyl)ammonium chlorides, intramolecular recyclization, dihydronaphto[1,2-с]furan derivatives, biological activity, antioxidant, anticoagulant
Pages: 126-130
Potentially bioactive dialkyl(4-hydroxybut-2-ynyl)(3-phenyl-2,3-dichloroallyl)ammonium chlorides were synthesized. By base-catalyzed intramolecular cyclization of these salts and subsequent intramolecular recyclization of cyclic products 4-dialkylaminomethyl-5-chloro-1,3-dihydronaphto[1,2-c]furans were obtained. According to biological studies, dimethyl(4-hydroxybut-2-ynyl)(3-phenyl-2,3-dichloroallyl)ammonium chloride has anticoagulant and strongly pronounced antioxidant properties.
a:2:{s:4:"TEXT";s:84:"N. G. GRIGOR’EVA, S. V. BUBENNOV, V. R. BIKBAEVA, D. V. SEREBRENNIKOV, B. I. KUTEPOV";s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"html";}
Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia E-mail: bubennov@list.ru
Keywords: oligomerization, isomerization, cracking, dec-1-ene, oligomers, zeolites
Pages: 131-137
The dec-1-ene transformations were studied in the presence of Y, Beta, ZSM-12 and ZSM-5 zeolites in the H-form. It is established that the main products of the reaction in the presence of zeolites H-Y, H-Beta, H-ZSM-12 are dec-1-ene isomers and its oligomers, while in the presence of zeolite H-ZSM-5 dec-1-ene isomerization predominantly occurs. The mentioned catalytic systems can be arranged in the following series by the activity: H-Beta > H-Y > H-ZSM-12 >> H-ZSM-5, and by the selectivity of oligomers: H-ZSM-12 > H-Beta ~ H-Y >> H-ZSM-5 in the temperature range of 150-220 °С. Among oligomers the dimers of decene are predominant, have an alkyl-naphthenic structure, contain unsaturated hydrocarbons with tri- and tetra-substituted double bonds of 2.2-3.2 % was established. Physicochemical properties of the synthesized decene oligomers are similar to the hydrogenated poly-α-olefins obtained on the catalytic AlCl3 complexes.
S. I. ZHEREBTSOV1, N. V. MALYSHENKO1, K. S. VOTOLIN1, V. A. ANDROKHANOV2, D. A. SOKOLOV2, J. DUGARJAV3, Z. R. ISMAGILOV1,4 1Institute of Coal Chemistry and Material Science, Federal Research Centre of Coal and Coal Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kemerovo, Russia
E-mail: sizh@yandex.ru 2Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia 3Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia 4Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: desertification, humic acids, structural parameters, biological activity
Pages: 138-146
Native and modified humic acids (HA) isolated from brown coals of Russia and Mongolia were studied. Their composition was characterized using technical and elemental analyses, and 13C NMR (CPMAS) spectroscopy. A destructive alkylation of humic acids with butanol followed by debitumination, which changes the structural group composition of HA has been held. The biological activity of humic preparations in the form of sodium and potassium humates is investigated depending on the structural group parameters: the degree of aromaticity fа, hydrophilic-hydrophobic parameter fh/h and parameter reflecting the ratio of aromatic and aliphatic fragments of organic mass of humic acids far/al. It is shown that an increase in the degree of aromaticity HA leads to an increase in their biological activity.
V. P. ISUPOV, I. A. BORODULINA, V. R. KHUSNUTDINOV, K. B. GERASIMOV
Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia E-mail: isupov@solid.nsc.ru
Keywords: mechanical activation, gibbsite, aluminum hydroxide, lithium carbonate, mechanochemical synthesis, alpha –lithium monoaluminate
Pages: 147-153
It was shown that mechanochemical activation of a mixture of gibbsite and lithium carbonate in a ball mill for 2–4 hours, followed by heat treatment of activation products in air at 650 °С, allowed obtaining highly dispersed monophasic α-LiAlO2 with a specific surface area more than 10 m2/g.
a:2:{s:4:"TEXT";s:29:"E. A. КARPOVA, E. P. KHRAMOVA";s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"html";}
Central Siberian Botanical Garden, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
E-mail: karyevg@mail.ru
Keywords: Spiraea media, S. chamaedryfolia, S. hypericifolia, flavonoids, phenolic acids, annual dynamics, industrial pollution
Pages: 154-165
The annual dynamics of composition and content of groups of phenolic compounds (hydroxybenzoic acids, hydroxycinnamic acids and flavonols) and individual phenolics (gallic, protocatehuic, chlorogenic, caffeic, p-coumaric and cinnamic acids, hyperoside, isoquercitrin, rutin and avicularin) in the leaves of Spiraea media Fr. Schmidt, S. chamaedryfolia L. и S. hypericifolia L., growing in Novosibirsk in the areas with high and background levels of transport and industrial pollution were studied. The peculiarities of effects of environmental contamination and meteorological conditions on the content of phenolic compounds and their groups are revealed. The concentrations of the major constituents in leaves of the species decreased significantly in the urban area in comparison with the background one. The most stable annual decrease in the concentrations was found in the leaves of S. hypericifolia. The level of the annual variability of the number of phenolic components under the conditions of pollution increased (S. media, S. chamaedryfolia) or slightly changed (S. hypericifolia) compared with the control, and the level of variation in the concentrations of most constituents, on the contrary, decreased.
G. S. PEVNEVA1, N. G. VORONETSKAYA1, M. V. MOZHAYSKAYA1, A. K. GOLOVKO1,2, E. A. FURSENKO2, V. A. KASHIRTSEV2 1Institute of Petroleum Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia E-mail: pevneva@ipc.tsc.ru 2Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: condensates, composition, alkyl benzenes, alkyl naphthalenes, alkyl phenanthrenes, geochemical parameters, Western Siberia
Pages: 166-172
This paper presents the results of the studies of cyclic aromatic compounds composition in gas condensates of Maloyamalskoye and Myldzhinskoye gas fields of Western Siberia. The composition of aromatic compounds in gasoline cuts of gas condensates was analyzed by GC method. Data on group composition of С7–С10 aromatic compounds in gasoline cuts demonstrate that the gas condensates of Maloyamal’skoye gas field are enriched with toluene (С7) and xylenes (С8) while in the samples of Myl’dzhinskoye gas field the contents of trimethyl- (С9) and tetramethyl benzenes (С10) are high. The composition of aromatic compounds of benzene, naphthalene and phenanthrene series in the non-fractionated condensates was studied using GCMS method. It has been shown that alkyl benzenes of condensates are represented predominately by low-molecular compounds (С7–С10), content of long-chain n-alkylbenzenes and n-alkyltoluenes is very low. In addition to alkyl-substituted benzenes the naphthene-substituted benzenes (methyl- and
dimethyltetralines) are identified in gas condensates. The relative concentrations of cadalene, retene, ethyl benzene, 1,2,3- and 1,2,4-trimethylbenzenes are used as genetic factors on the composition of aromatic compounds. It has been established that humic organic matter contributed to the formation of the studied fluids. The evidences of that are: higher than usual values of Prystane/Phytane ratio; high content of xylene; increased content of 1,2,5- and 1,2,7-trimethylnaphthalenes and the presence of aromatic hydrocarbons – biomarkers (cadalene, retene). Parameters calculated from the composition of alkyl benzenes and alkyl naphthalenes determine the thermal maturity of condensates. According to the values of ratio (m- + p-xylene)/o-xylene, naphthalenic indexes (MNR, DNR2 and TNR6) and low content of long-chain С11+ alkyl benzenes the catagenic maturity level of the studied fluids corresponds to the main gas generation phase.
L. P. SUNTSOVA1, A. A. SHLOTGAUER2, V. I. EVSEENKO1, E. S. METELEVA1, N. E. POLYAKOV1,2, A. V. DUSHKIN1 1Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia E-mail: suntcovalp@mail.ru 2Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: flavonoids, mechanochemical treatment, solubility, membrane permeability, supramolecular complexes, micelles
Pages: 173-179
Solid dispersions of plant flavonoids (dihydroquercetin, puerarin, rutin and genistein) with the arabinogalactan polysaccharide and the glycyrrhizic acid disodium salt are obtained by mechanochemical treatment. Ways of increasing their solubility and transmembrane permeability on artificial membranes have been studied. The formation of supramolecular systems – intermolecular complexes and micelles – was established by NMR relaxation upon dissolution of solid dispersions in water, their stability constants and thermodynamic parameters were estimated. The possibility of increasing the solubility of the studied flavonoids by a factor of 1.9–30 was shown. It was revealed that the measured rate of transmembrane transfer of flavonoid molecules through an artificial hydrophobic membrane did not correlate with an increase in their solubility. It is assumed that this is due to the structural features of the complexes, as well as the specificity of the flavonoid molecules themselves. The results obtained are qualitatively close to the available data on bioavailability and transmembrane transfer in vivo.
A. V. TALOVSKAYA, D. A. VOLODINA, E. G. YAZIKOV
National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia E-mail: talovskaj@yandex.ru
Keywords: cement plant, snow cover, macroelements, fine particles, minerals, particular matter pollution
Pages: 180-189
The paper presents the assessment of the spatial distribution of the dust load, macroelement (Ca, Na, Fe, Al, Si, Mg) and mineral-phase composition of particulate matter deposited in snow cover in the impacted area of cement production plant (Topki, Kemerovo region). It was determined that the dust load exceeded the background from tens to hundreds times. The dust load was estimated from allowable to highly hazardous pollution levels. The main crystalline phases included calcite and quartz in the particulate phase of snow and emitted dust from the plant. Additionally, the particulate phase of snow contained the minerals of Portland cement clinker such as brownmillerite and hatrurite. The content of these four minerals mainly controlled the dust load. The content of Ca (10-12 times higher than background values) in the particulate phase of snow showed the anthropogenic geochemical specificity of the samples and it is comparable to the content in the emitted dust from the plant and portland cement. We identified fine particles of Ca ferrites, Fe oxides as most abundant particles in the samples, as well as trace amounts of Ca aluminate and Fe sulphide particles. The main types of particulate matter were suggested to be pit operation, transport and load handling works in the plant. The long-range transport of particulate matter was revealed in the north direction at 2 km distance from the plant. The dust load decreased with the distance from the plant. The identified crystalline phases and fine particle types can be used as tracers for cement production plant emissions.
S. A. YASHNIK1, N. V. SHIKINA1, A. A. GAVRILOVA1, T. A. SUROVTSOVA1, Z. R. ISMAGILOV1,2 1Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia E-mail: yashnik@catalysis.ru 2Institute of Coal Chemistry and Material Science, Federal Research Centre of Coal and Coal Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kemerovo, Russia
Keywords: manganese-containing catalyst, manganese oxide, TPR-H2, deep oxidation of hydrocarbon, solution combustion synthesis
Pages: 190-196
The temperature-programmed reduction with hydrogen was used to identify the phase composition of the active component and to study redox properties of MnOx-containing honeycomb monolithic catalysts prepared by two different methods: 1) “solution combustion synthesis” (SCS) on monolith surface; and 2) Co-extrusion of MnOx powder with oxide components of the monolith. It is assumed that both monolithic catalysts contain predominantly MnO and some amount of MnO2/Mn2O3. Among the studied catalysts, the monolithic catalyst obtained by the SCS method has the maximum activation energy of the second stage of the reduction of MnO2/Mn2O3, which consists in the reduction of Mn3O4 to MnO. This explains its high activity in the oxidation of methane.
R. A. BUYANOV1, I. V. MISHAKOV1,2 1 Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia E-mail: buyanov@catalysis.ru 2 Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: nanotechnologies, synthesis, physics, chemistry, metals, solid solutions, nano-robots, mechanisms, carbides, thermodynamics
Pages: 197-205
Within the methodology of perception of the fundamentals and regularities of nano-dimensional world functioning, the phenomenon “physical and chemical nano-robot” (PCNR) has been proposed. Its purpose consists in the investigation and organization of nanotechnologies to produce novel substances and materials. The system capable to perform the PCNR functions is offered, evidence-based and realized in the form of the working model. This model is the nanodispersed polycrystalline particle of Ni, one of the metals of iron subgroup (Fe, Co, Ni). We have studied the specific conditions under which such Ni particles possess a set of various functions crucial in the operation of nanotechnologies focused on the synthesis of new substances and materials. The multistage mechanism of PCNR action in the nanotechnological synthesis of materials with different functions is discovered. Scientific bases for the organization of new PCNR as well as the short review of already characterized PCNR-based nanotechnologies have been presented. The basic model of PCNR nanoscale system allowing one to operate technology and control the range of nano-products is developed.
