Home – Home – Jornals – "Philosophy of Education" 2025 number 4

The results of direct numerical simulation (DNS) of the influence of a horizontal surface temperature gradient on the dynamics of a thermal convective flux are presented. A series of simulations was performed at moderate Rayleigh numbers (10⁵ - 10⁸). The computational domain was rectangular and its two horizontal walls had a specified average temperature difference, leading to the formation of a free-convective flow. The temperature on the lower wall was nonuniformly distributed along one of the horizontal axes. Convective cells formed due to the vertical density gradient were subject to a weak horizontal temperature gradient, which led to their deformation and transfer toward the central axis of the computational domain. As a result, intense coherent horizontal oscillations in the position of the central upflow at a low frequency were observed. This frequency depended weakly on the Rayleigh number, and the oscillation amplitude increased with its increase. This low-frequency oscillation effect is not evident in two-dimensional modeling and arises from the interaction of adjacent three-dimensional convective cells entering the central upflow. The authors propose an asymptotic estimate for the period of these oscillations. It is shown that the oscillations do not disappear with increasing Rayleigh number, suggesting their influence on heat and mass transfer in natural flows.

The main goal of the study is an experimental investigation of the mechanism of weakly nonlinear interaction of low-amplitude unsteady modes of crossflow instability in the boundary layer on a 35-degree swept wing with steady vortices of crossflow instability. The dominating factor in the flow under study is crossflow instability, while the Tollmien-Schlichting instability is suppressed by the favorable pressure gradient. High-amplitude steady distur-bances (up to 20% at the end of the measurement region) are excited by a surface roughness element. Controlled low-amplitude unsteady disturbances are generated in the boundary layer by a source of disturbances located upstream from the roughness element. Their amplitude in the main interaction region does not exceed 1%. The source excites quasi-two-dimensional (spanwise-uniform) waves at low frequencies corresponding to the primary crossflow instability region. The results of hot-wire measurements show that the characteristics of the mean flow, as well as of steady and unsteady disturbances are independent of the disturbance amplitude. However, the evolution of unsteady disturbances is strongly affected by the presence of vortices. The excited quasi-two-dimensional instability waves rapidly decay in the downstream direction, while the forming and growing (in a certain range of transverse wave numbers) steady vortices transform two-dimensional waves to essentially three-dimensional waves with the transverse wave spectrum corresponding to the most rapidly growing crossflow instability modes. This transformation does not occur locally, in the near field of the surface roughness, but is distributed in the streamwise direction. The amplitudes of steady disturbances grow almost exponentially, with the growth rate depending on the transverse wave number in a manner typical for crossflow instability modes. The growth of the amplitudes of unsteady modes exhibits a more complicated, sometimes nonmonotonic character owing to their nonlinear interaction. It is found that the amplitudes of unsteady disturbances of all frequencies in the plane normal to the flow and the wall are strongly localized in regions of high values of the mean flow velocity gradient over the model span. An essentially three-dimensional physical mechanism of weakly nonlinear transformation of quasi-two-dimensional wave disturbances to three-dimensional waves by high-amplitude steady instability vortices is proposed, which is similar to the lift-up effect used previously to explain the growth of streaky structures in two-dimensional boundary layers.

The experimental results on the swirling flow structure behind a vane swirler in a smooth tube at an axial flow Reynolds number varying within Re = 240 - 1640 are presented. A change in the degree of flow swirl along the tube length is analyzed as a function of the Reynolds number. The main patterns in the evolution of the profiles of longitudinal and circumferential velocity components and the distribution of the mean square pulsations of the longitudinal velocity component with increasing distance from the swirler are determined. It is shown that at Re = 1640, flow instability develops in the tube, which is a consequence of the formation of a reverse flow region on the tube axis in the immediate vicinity of the swirler. The influence of flow swirl on the appearance of signs of a local laminar-tur-bulent transition in vicinity of the tube axis and near its wall is analyzed (a sharp increase in the mean square velocity pulsations with increasing Reynolds number and the appearance of intermittency in the flow velocity oscillograms). It has been established that in the near-wall region, local turbulence of the flow is caused by the interaction between the swirler vane wakes and the wall.

The unfluence of the mass flow rate ratio of the input flows of distilled water on the efficiency of liquid mixing within a T-shaped microchannel was studied using numerical and experimental modeling. The model was verified by comparing the calculated results with experimental data. High-resolution digital tracer visualization was used to measure the flow velocity characteristics. Computer modeling was used to obtain and describe the flow structure and the dynamics of flow pattern changes at unequal mass flow rates. The possibility of increasing the efficiency of liquid mixing by varying the mass flow rate ratio is demonstrated.

Methodical issues associated with investigations of the laminar-turbulent transition in subsonic boundary layers with the use of video filming in the infrared range are considered. A method of estimating the wall friction based on the analysis of the temperature behavior of the heated model surface is proposed. An improved method of finding the lines of transition beginning and end is proposed.

The paper considers a possibility of controlling the structure of a fluoropolymer coating by diluting the precursor gas with an inert gas during synthesis by the Hot Wire Chemical Vapor Deposition method (Hot Wire CVD). Dilution of the precursor gas significantly affects the morphology of the formed coating and alters the coating wettability and the growth rate.

The dynamics of a slug flow in immiscible liquids remains incompletely understood due to the complex effects of channel geometry and the properties of the working fluids. The presence of surfactants in the system further complicates the problem. This work deals with the effect of an water solution of Tween 20 surfactant on the dynamics of a slug flow in a curved microchannel. Situations with surfactant concentrations below and above the critical concentration of micelle formation are considered. Regime maps are plotted, and three regimes of water phase dispersion are identified. It is shown that increasing the surfactant concentration leads to stabilization of slug interfaces in straight sections, while the probability of slug disintegration in curved sections increases due to reduced interfacial tension and intense mixing of the surfactant within the slugs. The decisive influence of the surfactant concentration relative to the critical concentration of micelle formation on the dynamics of microdroplet detachment processes in straight and curved sections of the channel is revealed.

The paper describes experimental results on the action of weak shock waves on the development of controlled disturbances in a supersonic boundary layer on a flat plate at the Mach number of 2.0, which are obtained by measurements performed by a constant-temperature hot-wire anemometer. A two-dimensional surface roughness element 150×7×0.13 mm in size, mounted on the side wall of the test section of the T-325 wind tunnel based at ITAM SB RAS, generated a pair of weak shock waves in the free stream. Controlled disturbances are inserted into the flow by a high-frequency glow discharge in a chamber inside the model. Owing to interaction of the pair of weak shock waves with the leading edge of the flat plate, a steady wake is formed in the boundary layer, where the evolution of controlled disturbances occurs. A weakly nonlinear regime of evolution of controlled disturbances is studied under the conditions of a homogeneous boundary layer on the flat plate and a boundary layer distorted by the wake. The wave characteristics of disturbances are analyzed. A new method of estimating the dispersion relation is proposed. The experimental data are compared with the numerical results. Numerical simulations are performed based on the liner stability theory under the conditions of a homogeneous boundary layer.

Investigation results on combustion of methane and ammonia diluted with hydrogen are presented. The effect of hydrogen addition on the physicochemical properties, flame flashback conditions, and boundaries of stable combustion is determined over a wide range of fuel-air equivalence ratios (from lean to rich mixtures).

The paper describes the results of an experimental study of a supersonic transverse flow around a cylindrical body. The complicated flow structure being formed is visualized by means of shadowgraphy and by seeding the flow with particles. The experiments are performed to study the classical transverse flow around the cylinder and the flow with ejection of a gas jet from the cylinder surface. Several locations of the hole over a circumference in the cylinder midsection are considered (the aspect ratio of the cylinder is λ = 3.2). The influence of the hole location on the flow structure formed due to supersonic interaction of the incident flow and the jet is described. The study yields new experimental data on the flow structure formed due to supersonic interaction of the incident flow and the jet for different locations of the hole. The flow patterns are provided and analyzed.

The paper describes a method for the synthesis of titanium carbide films using magnetron sputtering in a small-anode discharge. As a result, the synthesized films exhibit a density lower than that for the films produced by the stan-dard method of magnetron sputtering. The generate coating were subjected to annealing in oxygen-bearing or nitrogen atmosphere. The resulting films were studied using several characteristics and methods: volt-ampere characteristics of the magnetron discharge and the small anode, images from scanning electron microscopy, x-ray phase analysis, resistometry and spectral measurements for optical transparency. Our study demonstrated that the samples synthesized in a setup with an anode are thicker than those synthesized without anode. They also exhibit a smaller size of crystallites, lower transparency, forbidden band and a higher resistance. Taking into account the unchanged regime of magnetron operation, this indicates a reduced film density.

The paper discusses computational and experimental methods for evaluation the thermo-erosion characteristics of launch escape propulsion subsystems (LEPS) equipped with a thermal protection coating under natural operating conditions. Combustion mixture flow was simulated using a commercial CFD software. Based on the obtained data, heat flux distribution across the LEPS surface was determined. Firing tests conditions of thermal protection materials are also described. A gas-dynamic tunnel was used to reproduce the natural operating conditions. Quantitative characteristics of thermo-erosion resistance for materials were calculated based on the experimental results with corrections for the period of non-stationary coating heating.

It seems to be very promising to study the fundamental processes occurring during the mechanochemical production and subsequent combustion of composite powder fuels consisting of coal and waste of the wood, pulp and paper, and agricultural industries. The mechanisms of combustion of composite fuel particles made of lignocellulose and coal remain understudied. This paper examines the processes of ignition and flame combustion of composite fuel samples and mixtures obtained from sawdust and anthracite.

Methods of numerical simulation were applied to studying the interaction of high-temperature air jets arranged in a mixing chamber of a triple-jet plasma-chemical direct-flow reactor. Computations produce the 3D distributions for velocity and temperature in the mixing chamber. Simulation indicates the flow circulation zones and the spatial temperature distributions on the inner walls of the reactor. The study offers the data on the heat flux for inner walls depending on the existence/absence of a thermal protection coating on the inner walls. This approach can be used for numerical simulation for multiple-jet reactors with different designs and purpose.

The density and thermal expansion of a liquid rubidium-lead alloy containing 50 at. % Pb were investigated for the first time by the gamma-ray attenuation technique in the temperature range from the liquidus to ~1000 K. It was found that the molar volume of the Rb₅₀Pb₅₀ melt is 30 % less than the molar volume of an ideal solution of the same composition. The temperature dependence of the melt density is highly nonlinear, therefore the volumetric coefficient of thermal expansion decreases by more than 1.5 times with an increase in temperature from 864 to 1010 K. Based on modern concepts of the structure of liquid metal systems with partially ionic nature of interatomic interaction, the behavior patterns of the thermal properties of a liquid alloy are briefly analyzed.

The article focuses on placer gold mining as an important factor of social and economic development in the Far Eastern Arctic Zone of Russia. The structure of unmined placer reserves and man-made placers in the permafrost area is examined as these objects are an important source of minerals in the region. The authors point at the expediency of stage-wise evaluation of geological and geotechnical potential of the unmined and man-made placer reserves to develop a resource-saving technology for mining identified clusters. The authors also discuss the approaches applicable in additional exploration and production management at such placers to transfer them to a category of the investment-attractive mineral sources. The database of the mining-altered areas in the Ust-Yana district is collected, the maps of such areas are drawn, and the mining conditions at some of the specified placers are discussed.

The article reports testing results of a hydraulic hammering tool with independently controllable energy and frequency of blows. The blow frequency is adjustable via the fluid flow rate, and the blow energy-via the pressure at the onset of a working cycle. The hydraulic hammering tool and its performance measurement procedures are described, including the pre-blow velocity-using an original piston position sensor composed of two pairs of light-emitting and photo diodes arranged in front of the collision plane of the piston and the breaking tool. The approach allows changing the blow frequency of the tool by 4 times, its blow energy by 5 times and the impact power by 20 times. The authors present the experimental oscillograms of the dynamic characteristics of working cycles and the experimental curves of the integral output characteristics, cycle start pressure, and fluid flow rate. An experimental-and-analytical estimation method is developed for the pre-blow piston velocity using the theorem of a kinetic energy of a material point.

The article offers a substantiation for the simulation model of a pneumatic hammering tool with an elastic element used as an air distributor. The working cycle of the pneumatic hammering tool with the elastic valve is modeled as the fluid-solid interaction. The comparison of these results with the one-dimensional simulation shows that the proposed model is preferable in this multi-physical problem. The parameters of the elastic valve to perform the function of sealing the back-stroke chamber to ensure operation of the hammering tool are determined. The time dependences of the basic physical parameters of air in the hammering tool within its working cycle, as well as the piston travels and velocities are found. The prospects of the proposed method in the design and analysis of hammering machines are assessed.

The authors discuss application conditions of the casing-while-drilling method and present a layout of a compound rock-breaking tool. An advantage of such tool is the coupling of the central and annular bits by spring jaws, owing to which the inner passage section of a casing pipe experiences no reduction. Computer modeling assisted in the strength analysis of the components of the tool during transfer of the impact load from the central to annular bit via the spring jaws. The operational reliability of such components is evaluated, and a method is proposed for enhancing their strength by way of improving quality of their surface finish and optimizing geometry of the surface areas exposed to the highest load. On the basis of the implemented research, a developmental prototype of the compound rock-breaking tool is designed and manufactured.

2D numerical modeling and physical simulation are carried out for a flow of a granular material in an elbow of a pipeline with a view to reducing erosion wear owing to a novel design solution. Protective plate ribs are installed on the inner surface of the elbow at an angle to lines tangent to the fixing points of the ribs. It is found that the optimal choice of the size, number and arrangement of the ribs can reduce the wear of the elbow in the areas of its maximal loading.

Spotlight of the analysis is on bending vibrations of axial fan rotor of main ventilation fans in mines. Their feature is two impellers that act interchangeably as directing and guide vanes, and one impeller only rotates in an active mode. Such design allows attaining high capacity in the reverse mode which preserves 90-95% of the straight flow mode. The presence of two impellers in the rotor influences the frequency behavior of the fan, which can vary in a wide range depending on some parameters that govern the mass and geometry of the rotor. The article describes the analysis of the rotor frequency characteristics obtained from solving a system of differential equations of bend. The curves of free bending vibrations of main shafts and masses of impellers are plotted for different values of added mass of transmission shaft and for different lengths of the main shaft areas. It is shown that in the test range of the main shaft lengths, impeller masses and added masses of the transmission shaft, the operation of rotors of fans with two impellers is safe and reliable in terms of vibrations.

A promising approach to air dedusting in tunnel ventilation in subways is inertia filters which have low air drag and can efficiently catch coarse and medium-size dust particles without addition of sophisticated equipment as dust-laden air flow through the filters is assisted by piston effect in train tunnels. An approach to the numerical modeling of a multi-phase flow in an inertia filter is substantiated. The validation of the approach is proved by the qualitative and quantitative coincidence of the numerical modeling results and lab-scale inertia filter test data. The numerical research findings helped determine the influence exerted by air velocity, dust size and filter surface characteristics on the dust catching efficiency. The design of the filter to be installed at an air connection in a single-track subway tunnel is developed.

The article describes a pilot plant generator of high-voltage nanosecond pulses for energy treatment of ore at the pretreatment stage at the capacity of up to 1 t/h of mineral raw materials. The mineralogical and chemical analyses of ferruginous quartzite are carried out. The distribution of aggregates per size grades is described, and the lab-scale and larger scale bench testing data of the equipment are reported. The experiments have proved efficiency of preliminary treatment of the first and second stage milling sands by strong electromagnetic pulses for the ferruginous quartzite softening and for the magnetic separation intensification. The interconnection is found between the impregnation of ore and rock-forming minerals, efficiency of disintegration of mineral aggregates, their release and the treatment dose. The main effect of treatment of ferruginous quartzite by strong electromagnetic pulses, with the increase in the yield of the final size grade of - 45 µm by 1.4-4.8% at the increased recovery of iron in magnetic concentrate by 2.65%, is conditioned by the decrease in the number of ore and barren rock aggregates and by the increase in the content of free magnetite grains in the size grade of - 0.16 + 0.04 mm after milling by 14.2%.

The authors analyze extra recoverability of zinc from complex ore flotation tailings. The material constitution of the manmade mineral resource is studied and the expediency of its hydrometallurgical processing is substantiated. The influence of the reagent regime on the efficiency of sulfuric-acid leaching of zinc is discussed. The sulfuric acid concentration is optimized, and the efficiency of electric processing of the leaching solution is determined. The efficiency of different oxidizers during leaching is evaluated. Ozonizing of leaching solutions and introduction of sodium chloride in them have a beneficial effect on zinc recovery.

The full-scale testing results of fixed-site recorders of electromagnetic radiation preceding failure in rocks in a mine after installation of the recorders on mobile mining equipment are presented. The threshold values of the recorded signals, coincident with failure of roof areas in mine openings are found, and the frequencies of electromagnetic noise at the totally de-energized electric equipment of working faces, and at the dead and live production equipment are estimated. The recommendations on the improvement of the recorder design and recorded data processing are given.

The article examines one of the modern arguments in favor of mathematical platonism - the explanatory indispensability argument. The philosophical prerequisites for the formulation of this argument are considered, namely: the philosophical views of the late W.V.O. Quine and the mature H. Putnam, H. Field’s “Science without Numbers” and M. Balaguer’s “New Fictionalism”, with special attention paid to the analysis of the concept of “nominalist realism” of the latter. That “nominalist realism” not only does not correspond to the views of theoretical physicists and chemists, but also faces a number of philosophical problems, is shown by using examples from theoretical physics, chemistry, and biology.

The semantics of types and tokens presented in the latest analytical philosophy in the research of J. Katz is considered in this article. The authors of the article argue that this semantic concept provides the most optimal interpretation of the functioning of natural language. This interpretation takes into account the advantages and disadvantages of the semantic projects of G. Frege and the late L. Wittgenstein.

The article critically examines the prevalent idea in analytical philosophy that the first-person singular pronoun “I” uniquely expresses the first-person perspective because of a direct correlation between an individual’s self-awareness and her ability to refer to herself with this pronoun. First, I outline the general idea of the problem concerning the linguistic expression of the first-person perspective. My focus is primarily on the problem of the cognitive significance of indexicals as well as the problem of ambiguity between de se and de re readings of the sentences involving indirect speech about an individual’s propositional attitudes. Many advocates of the criticized idea implicitly subscribe to the so-called “awareness condition”, while their explanation of how an individual acquires such awareness has a strong Cartesian flavor. Second, I argue that natural languages do allow impersonal use of the personal pronoun “I” and have multiple ways to express the first-person perspective. Both these facts challenge the idea of the unique role the pronoun “I” has in language systems. I propose to explain the lack of a single way to express the first-person perspective by referring to the context-dependent nature of language. To put it differently, the ways of expressing the first-person perspective depend on the context of use in communicative situations.

As is known, the Turing machine, developed long before the advent of computers, was not intended to take into account the interactions of programs, computers and other devices. However, the operation of the Internet and artificial intelligence involves different types of interactions. In modern computer science, various models have been created that take interactions into account. In this paper, I examined models of extended Turing machines and extended algorithms to determine whether the Turing machine model is adequate to describe and solve the problems that these models can handle. I showed that extended Turing machines correctly describe the behavior of the Turing model and successfully solve the problems that it can handle. Also, in the article I described the problem of controlling the movement of a car driven by a robot by a Turing machine, it does not cope with this problem, but extended Turing models provide a solution to it. Therefore, the question of the strict relationship between the capabilities of Turing machines and extended Turing machines remains open.

The article explores Michael Polanyi’s concept of tacit knowledge and its relevance in contemporary scientific and technological contexts. It reviews the historical and epistemological background, the social dimension of collective tacit knowledge in science, and the challenges posed by the “black box” problem in artificial intelligence. Using the evolution of chess algorithms from Deep Blue to AlphaZero as a case study, the article illustrates the shift from explicit, formalized knowledge to opaque, tacit knowledge. It emphasizes the enduring importance of tacit knowledge for understanding the nature of scientific practice and modern cognitive systems.

This article analyzes the paradoxical role of Kant’s philosophy in the emergence of the historical turn. The central issue is that while Kant rejected empirical history as a foundation for philosophy, his critical system provoked a rethinking of philosophical knowledge as historically conditioned. Five core ideas are explored: 1) Kant’s “Copernican turn” as a model for later philosophical turns; 2) the interpretive opacity of his system as the origin of the hermeneutic tradition; 3) the concept of rational progress as a basis for historical philosophy; 4) the distinction between the historical turn and historicism; 5) the roles of Neo-Kantianism and Hegelianism in consolidating the historical approach. The author argues that the historical turn grew out of Kant’s discussions with his contemporaries, the internal tensions of the Kantian system and the reaction to it, especially in the 19th-20th centuries. As a result, philosophy, which for a long time had rejected the historical method, in the 20th century acquired the features of a historically reflexive discipline.

The work is a continuation of the previous article, devoted to turns in the history of philosophy. The author admits that the true meaning of the concept of a turn occurs when the authors of the turn make a return to the generic beginning in their philosophical practice, return to the generic source, turning to ancient and then mythological roots. A true turn occurs when the ontological foundations are questioned and the need arises to return to the beginning, in order to perform the act of thinking again through this return, in order to return ontological power to this act, and to man - his original place, so that he can begin to think again. In this case, it is assumed that a true turn begins when a philosopher makes a new, different beginning, turning to ancestral sources, thereby restoring the spiritual tradition. The author proposes to consider the hypothesis according to which all the turns that took place in the twentieth century are parts of the anthropological turn, since all of them in one way or another concerned primarily the ontological ill-being of man, concerned various aspects of his activity, revealing various kinds of human deficiencies and shortages - in knowledge, communication, in the means and methods of research, in language, logical analysis, spiritual practices, etc. In this case, different types of turns, be it linguistic, rhetorical, pragmatic and others, act as different attempts to fill this or that human deficit. Thus, the usual and well-known turns in the history of philosophy relate more to different kinds of practices for the development of those other means that a person needs - means of knowledge, or means of communication, or means of thinking, or linguistic means. But they all relate to the main and constant - to the anthropological turn, understood as the restoration of the source, an appeal to the ontological beginning, the restoration of the place of man in the world.

In the postpositivist philosophy of science, with all the variety of directions, the dominant tendency - the turn of the philosophy of science to the history of science - is quite generally recognized. Postpositivist interpretations of the history of science (T. Kuhn, I. Lakatos, K. Popper, etc.) are created in explicit or implicit polemics with the positivist concept of evolution; and thus remain within the conceptual boundaries of this paradigm. In this regard, those versions of the history of science that go beyond this paradigm are of interest. They include E. Husserl’s concept, in which the history of science is viewed through the prism of the genesis of deductive sciences (geometry and mathematical physics) - from the emergence of the original sense to the formation of a scientific tradition in these theoretical sciences, which for each given generation of scientists acts as a “universal a priori of history”. The emergence of mathematical physics in the New Age is evaluated by him as a break with the previous scientific tradition, which means a crisis in science, which is accompanied by the crisis of European humanity as a whole. Based on E. Husserl’s works on the history of science, the article reconstructs a system of basic concepts that recreates a phenomenological version of the history of science.

The article attempts to reconstruct philosophically scientificity as a category based on the speculative-dialectical system of G.W.F. Hegel. Contrasting reductionist and rational approaches to scientific knowledge, the author focuses on the need to include scientific discourse in the sphere of reason (Vemunft), expressed in conceptual necessity. Particular attention is paid to the “Science of Logic” as the foundation of Hegel’s ontology and epistemology, as well as to the criticism of empiricism, positivism and formal logic as insufficient foundations for scientificity. The relevance of Hegel’s approach is substantiated in the context of the modern crisis of fragmented knowledge and reductionist strategies in science.

Decompositional Dual-Aspect Neutral Monism (DAM) aims to overcome the opposition between realism and idealism, eliminate the subject-object dualism, solve the quantum measurement problem and the hard problem of consciousness. We argue that DAM represents a form of idealism/antirealism and cannot serve as a philosophical foundation for quantum mechanics. At the same time, we believe DAM possesses heuristic value. The position can be reinterpreted from the perspective of Contextual Realism (CR), which rejects the premises of (post)modern philosophy and affirms that contextuality is both an epistemological and ontological feature of reality.

In the process of the development of modern science, researchers have obtained a large number of results, which make their own unique contribution to the formation of scientific knowledge. After F. Bacon, it is generally accepted that the scientific result or scientific knowledge, first of all, indicates knowledge obtained in an experiment or empirically. At the same time, as the history of science shows, experiments, as a rule, were not set up and carried out randomly, but were mainly conditioned by hypotheses formulated by great scientists in the process of their thinking on a special kind of being. In this regard, without denying the importance of an experiment in the process of scientific knowledge, we will formulate the following problem: does scientific knowledge arise in an experiment or is an experiment only a means of manifestation of a hypothetical idea of the general content of a special kind of being that has already arisen in thinking? Answering this question, we come to the conclusion that scientific knowledge constantly passes through аbstrаct, dialectical and speculative moments of a completely reasonable logical method of thinking. These moments of thinking are necessary prerequisite and condition for the emergence of scientific knowledge. Thus, it is revealed that scientific knowledge does not arise in the experiment itself, but is comprehended as such through repeated passage of moments of thinking.

The article attempts to comprehend the influence of such engineering science as synthetic biology on the ontological content of the direction in science known as technoscience. The author explicates the ontic composition of synthetic biology and further constructs the ontological content of this engineering-scientific direction. Specific examples of mutual influence of ontic and ontological are considered. The author has chosen the concept of distinction and mutual influence of ontic and ontological of German existentialist philosopher M.Heidegger as a theoretical and methodological basis for detecting changes in the ontological content of synthetic biology. The concepts of “technoepistemic object” and “technoscientific experimental system” by German philosophers T.Kohl and J.Falk, as well as the classification of objects by French philosopher Bernadette Bensaud-Vincent were used to investigate the modern ontological technoscience. For a more holistic ontological picture, some specific achievements and works of synthetic biologists were used. As a result, a causal determination between the ontic and the ontological is discovered, where the ontic, expanding and multiplying, is necessary to form new ontological-epistemological categories designed to characterise and explain such an entity, which did not exist before synthetic biology. The author has discovered possible conditions for the transformation of an epistemic object into a technoepistemic one, among which is the fulfilment of four criteria: they are familiar/ recognisable, value-laden, performative and have unrestricted materiality.

The paper provides a review of Penelope Maddy’s “A Plea for Natural Philosophy and Other Essays„ and contains a brief summаry of the main ideas of the essays published in the mentioned book.

Introduction. An attempt is made to carry out a radical critical analysis of the transformation of the educational process in the context of the dictatorship of capitalist rationality. The starting point of the study is the conviction that education in its historical and philosophical sense is not simply a set of institutional procedures or the transfer of knowledge, but a complex and internally contradictory process of becoming a subject through self-knowledge, labor, alienation and recognition, which in the Hegelian tradition is designated by the concept of Bildung. In the context of the neoliberal economic system, this essence of education is systematically displaced, replaced by the utilitarian goals of training market operators. The methodology of the study is based on Hegelian dialectics, which allows us to consider the contradictions of education not as side effects, but as symptomatic expressions of the deep logic of alienation of the spirit from itself. Through the prism of the dialectic of master and slave, the current situation is analyzed, in which metrics, KPI and standardized forms of control are becoming a new “master” impersonal but omnipotent. The essence of the discussion revolves around the structural substitution of rational, speculative thinking (Vernunft) with rational, operational rationality (Verstand), subordinated to the requirements of efficiency and measurability. Digital platforms, interactive interfaces and gamified educational environments, instead of being a means of expanding the horizons of thinking, become instruments of disciplinary control and reproduction of capitalist norms. Education loses its ontological horizon of being a space for the formation of a subject capable of transcendence, denial and freedom. The conclusion of the article emphasizes that the modern education system is not just a mirror of capitalism, but its active instrument: it is not neutral, but normative, and as such it participates in the production of a new type of subjectivity - fragmented, adapted, functional, but critically helpless. The way out of this trap is possible only through philosophical reflection, through a return to the dialectical logic of thinking, as a space in which not only knowledge, but also freedom becomes possible.

Introduction. The relevance of the research is to generate the unity of phylogeny and ontogenesis, the unity of the functions of thinking and the structure of thought as the development of the personality potentiality. This is accomplished through being as becoming another, the manifestation of the power of being, the energy-field nature of consciousness, the wave frequency, as well as the foundations of the functions of consciousness, which are characterized by stress-force and energy-potential states. The methodological basis of the proposed research is the integral, categorical-dialectical, cultural-historical approaches. The object is the holistic nature of man as an ideal form of disclosure of his potentiality. Subject: means and methods of revealing the essence of the unity of human nature. Discussion. The problem under study is the inability of modern man to break the ring of his own underdevelopment, to commit an act of consciousness, the act of introducing himself into the world, taking a place in the world, fulfilling his destiny and exercising personal responsibility, striving to be Human. Conclusion. The theoretical study made it possible to reveal the mechanism of the integral nature of man through spiritual, moral and moral development, the unity of affect and intelligence, the unity of connections between the function of thinking and the structure of thought, i.e. education and development. Through the development of consciousness, it becomes possible to overcome the paradoxes of cultural and biological development, cognitive and educational process, which can and should be implemented in the educational process. The study reveals the conditions for a breakthrough to the possibility of a heroic state of personality as a vertical cross-section of various cultures, ideal forms, norms, universal values, according to conscience and honor, one’s own spirituality and the moral foundation of modern man. To do this, it is necessary to be in the continuum of space-time, in the being of thought.