Home – Home – Jornals – Scientific journal “Vestnik NSUEM” 2025 number 4

The paper presents studies of gneisses and granitoids from three deep boreholes located in the central part of the Nepa-Botuobiya anteclise of the Siberian craton. Based on U-Pb (LA-ICP-MS) geochronological studies of zircon, the age of the granitoid protolith of amphibole-biotite gneiss from Danilovskaya BH-95 has been estimated at 2254 ± 4 Ma, the age of granitoid from Mogdinskaya BH-11, at 1972 ± 9 Ma, and the age of granitoid from Preobrazhenskaya BH-14, at 1981 ± 3 Ma. The protolith of the gneiss from Danilovskaya BH-95 corresponds in composition to granodiorite similar to I -type granite with high contents of high-field strength elements (HFSE). It is characterized by T _Nd(DM) = 2.7 Ga and might have formed as a result of the melting of an Archean crustal source within a certain block. The granitoid from Mogdinskaya BH-11 has features of I -type granites with low contents of HFSE and is characterized by T _Nd(DM) = 2.4 Ga. The granitoid from Preobrazhenskaya BH-14, with T _Nd(DM) = 2.6 Ga, is similar to I -type granites with high contents of HFSE. All the available data and the similar ages (ca. 2.0 Ga) determined earlier for S -type gneiss-granites from one of the Danilovka group boreholes suggest the formation of granitoids with different geochemical characteristics in the central part of the Nepa-Botuobiya anteclise in the period 1.97-2.00 Ga. This was possible in the accretionary orogen including (as evidenced from the isotope characteristics) blocks with Paleoproterozoic and Archean crust. The studied area is a fragment of the Paleoproterozoic Trans-Siberian orogenic belt separating the large Archean Tunguska and Anabar superterranes. The formation of this belt marks the early stage of accretion processes and the beginning of the formation of the Siberian craton in the period 1.95-2.00 Ga.

We report an integrated analysis of new geological and geophysical data from the Lena River delta region to clarify the structural relationships between the Siberian Craton, the Verkhoyansk fold-and-thrust belt, and the Laptev Sea rift system. New geophysical data include the local seismic monitoring (613 earthquakes for the period of 2018-2024) and the magnetotelluric sounding measurements (MTS, 21 points). A joint interpretation of morphostructural studies, seismic tomography, MTS data, and gravity anomalies leads to the following conclusions. Seismic activity is confined to crustal structures of the Verkhoyansk fold-and-thrust belt and the South Laptev rift but has migrating character within this area. Seismic tomography reveals a two-layer crustal structure on the southwestern side of the study area. The upper layer, characterized by higher v_P / v_S ratio, corresponds to the structures of the Verkhoyansk fold-and-thrust belt overthrust onto the margin of the Siberian Craton, which are overlain by structures of the South Laptev rift. The top of the lower layer, with a lower v_P / v_S ratio, dips from southwest to northeast to depths of 15-20 km. This layer corresponds to the Precambrian crystalline basement of the Siberian Craton. This two-layer crustal model is traced beneath the deltaic sediments of the Lena River for approximately 30 km to the northeast. Further it converts into a single-layer structure with high v_P / v_S values. MTS data provide detailed information on the upper crustal structure, consistent with the presence of the South Laptev rift between the Bulkur and Bykov faults, as well as with the presence of the Tumat horst to the northeast of the Bykov fault. Modern fault activity is identified by subvertical low-resistivity anomalies from MTS data (fluid-saturated zones) and zones of earthquake hypocenter concentration from seismological data, as observed for the Bulkur, Nizhne-Lena, Bykov, and Sardakh faults.

The Angara-Kan terrane is located in the southwest of the Siberian Platform and is composed mostly of rocks of the Kan granulite complex and the Yenisey metavolcanosedimentary complex. In this work, we present new data on the metamorphic conditions as well as the composition and age of zircon and monazite of garnet-biotite schists of the Yenisey Complex. The textures, geochemical composition, and wide range of zircon ages indicate that the garnet-biotite schists formed during single-stage metamorphism of terrigenous rocks at P = 7.2-8.2 kbar and T = 700-730 °C. These P - T parameters are similar to those of metavolanic rocks of the Yenisey Complex. The age of the metamorphic generation of zircons and monazites from garnet-biotite schists, 720-730 Ma, is correlated with the time of Neoproterozoic metamorphism of volcanic rocks of the Yenisey Complex. The age spectra of Paleoproterozoic detrital zircons from the garnet-biotite schists show two maxima corresponding to ca. 1.86 and ca. 1.78 Ga. Granulites of the Kan Complex, which underwent two stages of high-grade metamorphism, at 1.89-1.85 and 1.80-1.77 Ga, were probably the source of these zircons. Terrigenous sediments presumably accumulated close in time to the formation of volcanic rocks of the Yenisey Complex, at ca. 1.74 Ga. We assume that most of sedimentary rocks of the Yenisey Group formed after the main orogenic events in the Angara-Kan terrane.

Thermodynamic calculations have been first carried out for the entire series of lanthanides (+Y) to determine the influence of Ca in the system on the formation of rare earth (REE) mineralization during the cooling of a hydrothermal fluid from 500 to 100 °C, affecting the monazite association with a variable amount of calcite. Results show that increasing the calcite introduced into the system and raising the pH of the solution lead to significant changes in the equilibrium mineral assemblage. Increasing the initial amount of calcite in the system is followed by an increase in the stability of parisite and REE-bearing fluorite. The transition from acidic to near-neutral conditions expands the range of parisite formation with a simultaneous decrease in the amount of equilibrium bastnaesite. In acidic fluids (pH = 3 and 4), REE-bearing fluorite forms under low-temperature conditions, whereas it can be stable in the range of 400-500 °C at pH = 6.6. Under near-neutral conditions, residual unconsumed calcite occurs in the equilibrium assemblage. With an increase in calcite introduced into the system under acidic conditions, the concentration of calcium in the equilibrium fluid also rises, with a simultaneous increase in the total equilibrium concentration of lanthanides in it. In this case, calcium-enriched acidic fluids can contribute to the removal of REE, and, conversely, calcium-depleted fluids provide the deposition of lanthanides, as well as an increase in the pH of the ore-forming environment.

This study presents the results of a comprehensive assessment of mercury content in the bottom sediments of four high-altitude lakes on the Ukok Plateau (Altai, Russia): Zerlyukol’-Nur, Krasnoe, Teplyi Klyuch, and Argamdzhi. The aim was to evaluate the mercury contents and mercury fluxes in the sediments as indicators of global atmospheric pollution. The Hg content varies from 28 to 130 ppb, averaging 57.4 ± 21.4 ppb, which corresponds to background values for high-altitude lakes of the Northern Hemisphere. The elevated Hg contents in the upper core layers of three lakes reflect postindustrial contamination, whereas this trend is absent in Teplyi Klyuch, likely because of a thermal endogenous influence. Sedimentation rates of 0.18 cm/yr in Teplyi Klyuch and 0.9 cm/yr in Argamdzhi yield mercury fluxes of 3.9 and 9.1 ng/(cm²∙yr), respectively, comparable to those reported for the southern Himalayas but lower than mercury contents in industrially active regions. The obtained data indicate that the Ukok Plateau remains isolated from direct pollution sources and is significant as a background indicator area for evaluating transboundary mercury transport. This work fills a data gap on Hg distribution in remote high-altitude ecosystems and refines global mercury cycling models.

We consider the structure, depositional conditions, and subsequent development of the Koltogor-Urengoy rift system, which cuts through West Siberia in the meridional direction and has a length of 1925 km. Based on the interpretation of potential fields, the structure of the major rifts and the system of minor grabens leading to them has been defined more precisely. We have established that the Early Triassic rifting greatly influenced the geologic structure of the Mesozoic-Cenozoic sedimentary cover of the West Siberian sedimentary basin and significantly contributed to its petroleum potential. The Koltogor-Urengoy megatrough, a superorder linear depression elongated in the meridional direction and extending across the entire West Siberia, formed above the main graben-rifts of the Koltogor-Urengoy system in the structural plans of the Mesozoic reference levels. In the southern part of the basin, an active subsidence of the Koltogor-Urengoy and Tym graben-rifts in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic predetermined the occurrence of large superrift depression zones within the sedimentary succession of the Pur and Koltogor megatroughs and the Nyurolka and Tym megadepressions, which are the main oil generation zones. The positive structures of orders I and II, main zones of oil and gas accumulation, were formed above the Paleozoic basement uplifts: Severny, Nizhnevartovsk, Alexandrov, and Kaimys uplifts; and Vyngypur, Yetypur, Vasyugan, and Pudino megaswells. In the north of the basin, anticlinal traps, controlling the Aptian-Albian-Cenomanian gas accumulations, formed above the interrift blocks in the relief of the Cretaceous deposits.

The article presents the results of detailed organic geochemistry investigations being part of a comprehensive (lithological, geochemical, petrophysical) study of the Bazhenov Formation in the Tomsk Region applying the Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences methodology developed for organic matter-rich source rock. As the thermal maturity increases from PС₃ to MС₂, the content of “free micro oil” in source rock’s pore spaces has been observed to increase. In the same time, there are modifications to the composition of bitumoids (chloroform source rock extracts) from open and closed pores at both the group and molecular levels. Even “immature” organic matter has been established to show a difference in bitumoids composition from open and closed pores, which increases as it enters the main phase of oil generation (“oil window”).

The paper analyzes the data from the Yamm-Torzhok regional profile intersecting the Ilmen electrical conductivity anomaly along its major axis. This work continues the long-term research on the structure of the Precambrian basement complexes in the western part of the East European Platform conducted by the Department of Geophysics of the Faculty of Geology of Moscow State University and Geoelectromagnetic Research Center of the Schmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth of the Russian Academy of Sciences (GEMRC IPE RAS). The obtained data combined with the analysis of the potential fields are used to construct a deep geoelectric model. Separately, a model of the structure of the sedimentary cover is presented.

This paper investigates a line-drive waterflood pattern with two injection wells, between which a hydraulic fracture spontaneously propagates. Using a simplified model implemented in the RN-KIM hydrodynamic simulator, we consider a scenario where propped fractures from the two injectors connect to form a single dominant spontaneous hydraulic fracture. We model the propagation of a spontaneous fracture between two wells with existing propped fractures and analyze how the difference in wellhead injection pressures affects the injection rate in each well. The results demonstrate that an injection pressure difference between adjacent wells can cause a severalfold decrease in the injection rate or even a complete well shut-in. This occurs when the well with the higher bottomhole pressure “dominates” the flow within the high-conductivity fracture. Furthermore, we analyze the impact of the operating conditions of adjacent injectors and the geomechanical properties of the reservoir on the injection rate.

We analyze unsteady characteristics of the flow resulting from the interaction between a longitudinal vortex-generated by jet injection from a wall-and a turbulent boundary layer. Velocity fields are measured using particle image velocimetry. Our data analysis includes the assessment of turbulence anisotropy and characteristic length scales of turbulent structures, as well as proper orthogonal decomposition. The results reveal mutual interaction between the turbulent boundary layer and the longitudinal vortex, which depends on the vortex intensity. It is demonstrated that the jet vortex generator significantly alters not only the mean flow but also the unsteady characteristics of the turbulent boundary layer.

This paper presents a numerical investigation of the stress-strain state in a non-spherical shell subjected to pulsed loading. We examine the influence of the height-to-radius ratio of elliptical heads on the maximum stress values within explosion chamber shells. The dependence of the stress-strain state at the shell pole on the head height is also analyzed. It is demonstrated that employing elliptical heads with an optimal height-to-radius ratio mitigates stress concentration.

We derive a particular solution for a macroscopic model of a two-velocity, two-temperature mixture of gas and suspended particles. The solution to the system of partial differential equations takes the form of a monochromatic sound wave. The mixture is modeled within the interpenetrating continuum approach, incorporating relaxation terms that account for momentum and thermal energy exchange between the carrier and dispersed phases. The particular solution is constructed via the Fourier method and can serve as a verification test for numerical models of gas-particle flows. For arbitrary velocity and thermal relaxation times, the solution is obtained by numerically calculating the complex roots of a sixth-degree polynomial dispersion relation. In the case of infinitely small relaxation times (a state of relaxation equilibrium pertinent to modeling ultra-dispersed mixtures), the reference solution reduces to a traveling wave propagating at the effective speed of sound in the gas-dust medium. We demonstrate the sensitivity of this effective sound speed to the parameters governing the heat transfer processes. The code used to generate the particular solution for arbitrary input parameters is publicly available.

We investigate the electrophoresis of a dielectric particle possessing a hydrophobic surface and high surface conductivity through a combination of numerical simulations and analytical methods. Our results show that, under a moderate electric field and high surface charge density, the particle velocity increases, with the contribution from surface conductivity significantly exceeding that of the slip length. An analytical expression for the electrophoretic mobility of a hydrophobic particle is derived. This formula consists of three terms: (1) the linear term from the classical Helmholtz-Smoluchowski relation; (2) a term accounting for the hydrophobic surface effect; (3) a term representing the contribution of surface conductivity induced by the high surface charge density. Results are presented for both small and large slip lengths, corresponding to micro- and nanoparticles, respectively. A comparison between the numerical and analytical solutions demonstrates excellent agreement between the two approaches.

We present an experimental investigation of the transport of water-dissolved rhodamine B fluorescent dye within a porous medium subjected to oscillatory flow. The porous medium consists of a rectangular cell packed with cylinders oriented perpendicular to the cell plane. The applied measurement technique enables simultaneous determination of the rhodamine B mass transfer rate and acquisition of both the instantaneous and time-averaged secondary flow velocity fields in the inter-cylinder space. The results demonstrate that the effective diffusion coefficient attributable to secondary flow scales linearly with the Peclet number, which is defined using the characteristic velocity of the secondary flow. At low dimensionless oscillation frequencies, a universal relationship is observed between the effective diffusion coefficient and the Peclet number. At moderate dimensionless oscillation frequencies, however, the proportionality constant between these parameters increases with rising oscillation frequency.

We investigate the effects of the Reynolds number, static pressure, and flow temperature on the evolution of vortex structures in the turbulent wake of a circular Teflon cylinder. Velocity fields are measured using particle image velocimetry (PIV) in a hydrodynamic facility for Reynolds numbers in a range of 1.75 · 105 ÷ 2.84 · 105. The hydraulic drag coefficient of the cylinder, together with time-averaged wake characteristics, indicates an earlier onset of the drag crisis, similar to that observed for rough, non-hydrophobic surfaces. It is shown that a reduction in the freestream pressure leads to both an increase in the wake size and the hydraulic drag. Furthermore, an increase in the flow temperature leads to a decrease of the hydraulic drag of the cylinder, despite larger wake dimensions. This reduction is attributed to a possible decrease in Reynolds stresses on the cylinder surface and the associated frictional drag component.

We experimentally investigate the perforation of wire mesh screens by an aluminum projectile over a range of impact angles. The study focuses on the fragmentation mechanism driven by the penetration of mesh wires into the projectile material. A series of hypervelocity impact tests on thin mesh screens reveal the following: as shockwave-induced fragmentation diminishes and the impact angle increases, the projectile undergoes fragmentation primarily via the wire penetration mechanism. We assess the performance of a mesh screen as a protective layer at various impact angles, comparing its effectiveness to that of a solid bumper shield. Additionally, the ballistic characteristics of the resulting fragment cloud are determined.

We experimentally investigate the distributed receptivity of a laminar swept-wing boundary layer to unsteady freestream vortices with streamwise-aligned vorticity in the presence of spanwise-uniform surface waviness. Experiments were performed on a 25° swept-wing model in a well-controlled disturbance environment. We demonstrate that unsteady longitudinal vortices can very efficiently excite-in a distributed manner along the streamwise direction-unsteady crossflow instability modes at specific combination transverse wavenumbers. This excitation results from the scattering of the vortices by the surface inhomogeneities. The present paper (Part 1 of this study) is devoted to describing the experimental approach and its theoretical background, the mean flow structure, the experimental evidence of the high efficiency of this receptivity mechanism, and the experimental verification and critical role of the streamwise wavenumber resonance. Part 2 of this investigation focuses on the experimental determination of the amplitude and phase of the distributed vortex-roughness receptivity coefficients as functions of disturbance frequency and transverse wavenumber. In Part 2, we also determine the receptivity coefficients responsible for exciting crossflow instability waves on a smooth surface and present a comparative assessment of the relative efficiencies of these two distinct mechanisms.

We present a numerical study of the transmission of a shock-wave pulse from a gas into a porous medium saturated with a bubbly liquid. The process is modeled for one-dimensional planar motion under the assumption of a viscoelastic porous skeleton. We examine the dynamics of a shock pulse propagating within a porous medium saturated with a gas-liquid mixture, considering the cases where the skeletal matrix consists of either sandstone or unconsolidated sand. The analysis focuses on the influence of both the shock pulse parameters and the properties of the gas-liquid mixture on the wave dynamics.

We investigate the generation of disturbances in a supersonic wind-tunnel flow by a two-dimensional surface roughness element located on the test section wall. The study focuses on the case where the roughness height is small relative to the thickness of the on-wall turbulent boundary layer. The investigation combines numerical simulations, which resolve the turbulent boundary layer, and experimental measurements using hot-wire anemometry. We examine the effects of the roughness height and width, as well as the flow Mach number, on the generated flow disturbances. The results show that the presence of the two-dimensional roughness induces a stationary N-wave disturbance in the freestream, accompanied by a region of elevated unsteady fluctuations across a broad spectrum. An increase in roughness height is shown to amplify the disturbance amplitude and enlarge its spatial scale. For small roughness widths, the freestream disturbance maintains an N-wave profile. As the width increases, the disturbance amplitude remains constant, but the N-wave bifurcates into two distinct shock waves. Finally, we compare the spatial scales of the mean-flow disturbance for a fixed roughness geometry at Mach numbers of 2.0 and 2.5.

We present a numerical study of a submerged round jet at a low Reynolds number, subjected to harmonic disturbances from two sources positioned at opposite lateral boundaries near the inlet section. Our results demonstrate that, for a specific combination of control parameters, the flow undergoes bifurcation, splitting into two distinct branches-a phenomenon also observed in various other experimental and computational studies involving different types of acoustic and mechanical disturbances. The time-averaged flow velocity fields are computed. The effect of the disturbance amplitude on the jet behavior is investigated, and a critical amplitude threshold, above which flow splitting occurs, is identified.

We present the results of an experimental investigation into heat transfer within the flow duct of a supersonic wind tunnel during tests with solid-fuel combustion products containing a minor fraction of condensed particles. Static pressure and heat flux density distributions along the duct are measured using an array of 29 heat flux sensors and 25 pressure transducers. The design of the heat flux sensors and the key aspects of their implementation are described. Suitable scaling parameters for non-dimensionalizing the experimental data are proposed. Based on the processed and compiled heat flux and pressure distributions, a conceptual model is developed to describe the flow processes inside the supersonic diffuser channel. The primary factors governing the thermal loads on the diffuser structure are identified.

We develop a continuum-based physical and mathematical model to investigate coating growth in the cold gas dynamic spray (cold spray) process. The model accounts for collisions between feedstock powder particles and the substrate (or deposited coating) surface across a range of impact angles. Simulations of coating deposition onto a substrate with a wavy surface topography, using a nozzle translating at a constant velocity, reveal distinct deposition conditions on the descending and ascending slopes of the substrate. Further simulations incorporating forward and backward nozzle tilt angles relative to the translation direction identify an optimal impact angle that maximizes the resulting coating thickness, corresponding to peak deposition efficiency.

We investigate the process of conveying bulk materials within the channel of a dual-mass tubular vibratory elevator, operating in an inclined (elevating) configuration. Using construction sand as the test medium, we analyze the influence of the oscillation frequency and amplitude of the conveying elements, the channel wall inclination angle, and the bulk fill density on both the maximum achievable lift height and the material transport velocity. Our findings indicate that the operating frequency should be carefully detuned from the resonant frequency of the system to ensure stable performance. The most effective control parameters are identified as the oscillation amplitude of the conveying elements and the inclination angle of the elevator relative to the horizontal. Finally, we propose recommendations for refining the process model and suggest directions for future research.

We present an experimental study of internal wave focusing generated by the horizontal oscillations of a toroidal body in a linearly stratified fluid. The cross section of the body is circular, while the curve connecting the centers of these cross sections is elliptical, defining a torus-like shape. For the case of an axisymmetric oscillating torus, the measured amplitude distribution of internal waves in its vicinity is compared with predictions from linear theory under the thin-body approximation. We show that wave generation by non-axisymmetric radiators leads to a reduction in the wave amplitude within the focal zone, attributable to differences in both the total radiated power and the spatial structure of the focusing region. Finally, we construct isosurfaces of the experimentally measured wave amplitudes in the focusing zone and compare these data with results derived from ray theory.

The article is devoted to the generalization of the results of scientific research on topical issues of personnel development in a modern organization in the context of Russian and foreign discourse. The purpose of this publication is to expand and deepen the understanding of the basic concepts of personnel development through a critical assessment of its existing imperatives. The results of the study made it possible to update the basic concept of personnel development in the following areas: the impact of the globalization of the labor market and increased competition between organizations for leadership in the economic space on the strategic vision and integration of personnel development with the overall business strategy of the organization, the dialectical unity and interpenetration of complementary processes of its diversification and inclusiveness, the perception of differences in human resources as a core object and organizational culture of development.

The study examines the relationship between the competencies, roles and structures of the planning system to ensure centralized end-to-end planning in the machine-building holdings of the Russian Federation, including enterprises of single-unit and small-scale production. An understanding of the end-to-end planning competencies management as part of the industrial holding planning developing process is proposed and their transformation determined factors are identified (the processes of informatization and digitalization, the necessity of functioning the holding unified end-to-end planning system, the relationship between financial and production planning, etc.). Using the example of two machine-building holdings, planning systems are considered within the framework of the formation of an end-to-end planning system and the corresponding changes in competencies. Taking into account the main competencies and responsibilities of planners, approaches to calculating the number of planning services are proposed. The obtained qualitative and quantitative effects from the centralized management of planning competencies in holdings are presented. Directions for further research are proposed, taking into account the trends in the digitalization of the planning and production system.

The aim of the studies to identify ways to enhance technological development in Russia, elaborate on recommendations on how to increase creative activity in the process of invention and innovation. Using the methods of comparisons and analogies, as well as subject-object approach, the concept of technological development and technological sovereignty were clarified with respect to target and temporal aspects. In addition, the connection between innovation and technological leadership, ways of increasing employee`s motivation to achieve national development goals were demonstrated.

As a result of studying the phase composition of Ni-Pt nanoalloy particles using X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, it has been established that during the synthesis of Ni-Pt nanoalloy particles by co-reduction of the aqueous metal precursor solutions (Ni²⁺ and [PtCl₆]^2-) with an alkaline hydrazine hydrate solution, the formation of fcc-type Ni-Pt solid solution particles occurs, with an average Ni content of 13 at%. These particles have ellipsoid shape with the equatorial and lateral size 6-13 and 10-28 nm, respectively. By comparing the XRD results with data obtained from high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), it has been shown that, in addition to the aforementioned Ni-Pt solid solution particles, the synthesised samples contain ultrafine Ni-rich particles: the phases of Ni-Pt intermetallides and the fcc-phase of individual Ni. As a result of heating the sample with total nickel content 20 at% in high vacuum to a temperature of 390 °C, the phase transformation takes place, leading to the formation of fcc-type Ni-Pt solid solution particles with Ni content 23 at% and average size ≈26 nm, as well as the particles of practically pure platinum with the average size ≈55 nm.

The problem related to processing and disposal of ash and slag waste from thermal power facilities has not been solved in Russia as a whole, and particularly in Kuzbass. In the present work, we studied ash and slag (slag, fly ash from Kemerovo and Belovo heat plants, and Kemerovo power plant) and related wastes (cake and ore from the enrichment plant) from the enterprises of Kuzbass using physicochemical methods to assess the optimal ways of their processing. X-Ray diffraction analysis has shown the presence of quartz in all the studied wastes, carbon-like phases in rocks and cake, and vitreous phases in all slags and the vast majority of fly ash samples. The materials were analysed by atomic emission spectroscopy with inductively coupled plasma after autoclave preparation of the sample with a mixture of nitric and hydrochloric acids. X-Ray fluorescence analysis was performed for rocks and cake. Element content in samples, assessed from atomic emission analysis data, correlates with the data of X-ray fluorescence analysis. Fly ash, ash and slag wastes differ from each other in composition: fly ash is characterised by lower magnesium and iron content. It is shown that glass formation in ash and slag at high combustion temperatures complicates the acid extraction of elements. The method of acid leaching with nitric acid followed by precipitation with a solution of ammonia and oxalic acid was tested. Rare earth elements are observed to concentrate in the fraction of insoluble hydroxides, where aluminium prevails as the major element; in particular, europium is concentrated up to 144 g/t. Low calcium content, high silicon and aluminium content allowed us to propose manufacture of silicate products with the possibility of isolating rare and rare earth elements as the main way of processing the wastes from the enterprises of fuel and energy complex of the Kemerovo Region (Kuzbass).

The work is focused on the preparation of zinc ferrite and study of its catalytic activity in the phenol ozonolysis reaction in an aqueous medium. Zinc ferrite was synthesised by co- precipitation of the hydroxides with ammonia solution, followed by hydrothermal treatment of the precipitate at a temperature of 160 °C. The product was characterized by X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy. The catalytic activity of zinc ferrite in phenol ozonolysis was studied. It has been determined by UV-Vis spectroscopy that the products of phenol oxidation are cis,cis-muconic acid (absorption in the region of 300-400 nm) and 1,4-benzoquinone (absorption band at 237 nm). It is shown that the addition of zinc ferrite not only accelerates phenol ozonolysis but also causes deeper oxidation; 1,4-benzoquinone is not formed if the catalyst is absent. The data obtained can be used to develop new water purification technologies based on a combination of ozonation and heterogeneous catalysis.

The results of an experimental study of high-temperature plasma gasification of mixed organic fuel based on sawdust and coal washing waste (hereinafter referred to as coal) are presented. The relevance of the work is due to the need to develop effective and environmentally friendly methods for processing renewable raw materials in the context of increasing energy consumption and tightening environmental standards. Gasification of individual components (sawdust, coal), their mechanical mixtures and composite materials obtained by their joint activation milling in various ratios was studied. The experiments were conducted in a plasma-thermal unit with a capacity of 20 kg/h with an arc plasma torch (50 kW) at temperatures of 1200-1600 °C. The experiments showed that the maximum concentrations of the target components of the synthesis gas were achieved during gasification of a mixture containing 66 % sawdust and 33 % coal. In this version, the hydrogen content in the gasification products reached 9.91 vol%, and carbon monoxide - 28.04 vol%, which indicates a high efficiency of processing such a fuel composition. Analysis of the gas evolution dynamics revealed that in comparison with mechanical mixtures, the composite samples obtained by the joint activation milling provide a more stable and uniform yield of synthesis gas throughout the gasification process, which is important for the practical application of the technology. The studies have shown that the combined processing of biomass and coal in the form of composite materials allows optimising the gasification process, ensuring uniform gas emission and reducing harmful emissions. The results obtained are of practical importance for the development of energy-efficient and environmentally friendly technologies for processing organic waste.

Hollow aluminosilicate microspheres (cenospheres) of stabilised composition (glass phase - 95.4 wt%; (SiO₂/Al₂O₃)_glass - 3.1) isolated from coal fly ashes from coal combustion were used to prepare composite sorbents containing a sorption-active component based on zirconosilicates of framework structure. The synthesis products were characterised by X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and their sorption properties for Cs⁺, Pb²⁺ and Cd²⁺ cations were studied. The zirconosilicate material shows a high distribution coefficient in the process of sorption of Cs⁺, Pb²⁺ and Cd²⁺ from aqueous solutions (10³-10⁵ mL/g). For Pb²⁺ as an example, it is shown that as a result of high-temperature phase transformation of the Pb²⁺-form of zirconosilicate, Pb²⁺ cations are stabilised in the crystalline phase of lead zirconate PbZrO₃. The possibility to use spark plasma sintering for obtaining mineral-like ceramics based on zirconosilicate sorbent for immobilisation of radionuclide Cs-137 has been investigated. For ceramics sintered at different temperatures (800-1000 °C) the cesium leaching rate was studied, which is a criterion of hydrolytic stability of radioactive ceramics intended for disposal in rocks. The obtained values of leaching rate (~10^-5 g/(cm²⋅day)) meet the requirements of Federal Norms and Rules in the area of atomic energy use NP-019-2000 “Collection, processing, storage and conditioning of liquid radioactive wastes. Safety requirements”.

Modes of modification of carbon material obtained from wood raw materials are described in order to improve the electric capacitance characteristics for subsequent application as an electrode material in supercapacitors. The effect of two modification methods is considered: treatment with hydrogen at 1000 °C, treatment with a concentrated solution of hydrogen peroxide (37 wt%) at 60 °C. It is revealed that the greatest improvement in the functional properties of the material occurs when it is treated with hydrogen peroxide. Analyzing the sorbometry data, it was found that the specific surface area of the sample modified in this way increases by 20 % due to the formation of micropores. In this case, according to IR spectroscopy data, electrochemically active carbonyl groups are formed in the sample. Testing of the obtained electrode material in a model electrochemical cell simulating supercapacitor operation revealed an increase in its electrical capacity by 60 % relative to the initial sample.

An integrated method of mining quarry reclamation and landscaping is presented. The essence of the method is in making a protective layer of gel-forming composition, based on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and IKhN-PRO composition, including borax, on the surface of solid toxic rock. A fertile ground containing plant seeds is applied onto the surface of the protective layer; its surface is treated with a solution of PVA mixture and carboxymethylated starch (CMS). After the freezing-thawing cycle, soil-structuring cryogel is formed, which retains moisture, heat and makes comfortable conditions for plants. The rheological properties of the gel-forming composition were investigated; the time of gel formation at a temperature of 20 and 10 °C was determined to be 200 and 150 seconds, respectively. The rheological characteristics of the solutions of PVA and CMS mixture were studied. It is shown that with an increase in the polymer concentration in the mixture the viscosity increases. Dry films obtained on the basis of a mixture of PVA, CMS and cryogels swell in water. Phytotoxicity of the method was studied for coal samples. The biometric data of plants have shown that the productivity of plant biocenosis in experimental samples is much higher than in control samples.

A new oil-in-water microemulsion composition has been proposed, incorporating a suite of multifunctional chemical additives (surfactants, improver additives) produced and marketed in Russia. The composition is intended for use as a hydraulic fluid for mechanised mine supports. The physicochemical properties of the developed concentrate and the well-known SOLCENIC GM 20 microemulsion concentrate (Fuchs, Germany) are close to each other. The developed microemulsion concentrate is recommended as a replacement for the foreign-made product.

During the operation of ash dumps, process water at the base of man-made massifs forms a man-made aquifer characterised by high mineralisation, hydrocarbonate-calcium-sodium composition, and a highly alkaline environment. Based on the presented studies of the aquatic environment and previously obtained data on the material composition of the solid phase of man-made deposits, the influence of the aggressive composition of waters in the man-made aquifer on the qualitative composition of ash and slag has been analysed. It is revealed that the ongoing disintegration of carbonates and aluminosilicates in the lower horizon of ash and slag massifs lead to the release of a wide range of hazardous substances. Technogenic processes have a significant impact on the qualitative composition of technogenic filtrate and the migration activity of water-soluble ingredients, which can significantly affect the state of the environment and require systematic environmental monitoring.

The use of high-calcium fly ash (HCFA) as an expanding component of cements contributes to an increase in the level of their utilisation and improvement of binding properties. The influence of HCFA fractions of different size and composition on the expanding effect of binders based on them is studied in the work. The binders based on 100 % of three industrial fractions of high-calcium fly ash of different dispersion and composition, sampled from the 1^st, 2^nd and 4^th fields of the Krasnoyarsk TPP-2 electrostatic precipitators, were studied; the expanding effect of binders based on these fractions was determined with respect to Portland cement (PC) grade CEM I 42.5N. It was determined that an increase in the volume of hardening specimens is 6-19 and 6-42 % after hardening for 5 and 120 days, respectively. An increase in the volume of specimens correlates with the content of CaO and MgO oxide phases in the initial HCFA fractions and is accompanied by a decrease in the average density and compressive strength. The specimens of cement-fly ash compositions with the content of 50 % PC and 50 % HCFA, including a mixture of different fractions of FA, were studied. The positive effect of HCFA fractions on the properties of composite cement, including the regulation of the expansion effect and an increase in compressive strength, was determined.

The procedure for the quantitative determination of F, P, S, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Pb, Th, and U in the samples of coal and in soil samples containing coal is described. X-Ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis was carried out using wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer S8 TIGER (Bruker, Germany). Measurements were carried out in the vacuum mode. The dried samples were prepared in the form of pressed tablets. To obtain calibration characteristics and carry out metrological studies, a set of certified reference materials (CRMs) of shale, coal ash, sediments and soils of different chemical composition was chosen, and mixtures with different CRMs powders and graphite content were prepared. The ratio of CRMs to graphite was determined according to the data on total carbon content in the objects under investigation, and the data on the ash content of coal. To account for mutual influences of the elements, the a-correction method was used, in most cases introducing the fluorescence intensities of elements present in the samples (carbon, etc.) as influencing factors. The calculated values of the detection limits for the elements under determination vary from 0.6 to 20 mg/kg. The accuracy of XRF analysis results was controlled using CRMs of shale (SGR1 and SDC1), anomalous silt (SGH5) and black soil (SP1), as well as the mixtures of SGHM3/graphite (1 : 4) and DVT/graphite (1 : 3). It has been determined with t-test that the results of XRF analysis do not contain significant systematic errors. The procedure for X-ray fluorescence determination of F, P, S, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Pb, Th and U was used to study the distribution of elements in the samples of coal fractions from the deposits of the Irkutsk Region and in the samples of soils containing these fractions, which were collected in the residential area of the Oktyabrsky district of the city of Irkutsk during summer 2024. Based on XRF data, the conclusion concerning the effect of long-term coal presence in soils on their elemental composition is made.

The results of experiments on the direct oxidation of benzene to phenol using oxygen and air in a barrier discharge under the conditions of efficient removal of reaction products from the reaction zone are presented. In the case of benzene oxidation with oxygen, phenol content in the products reaches ~73 wt%, while arenediols are formed in insignificant amounts (~8 wt% as a total, mainly hydroquinone). The oxidation of benzene with air leads to an increase in the phenol content in the products to ~77 wt% and a decrease in the content of diatomic phenols to ~3 wt%. The conversion of benzene per single pass of the vapour-gas mixture through the reactor reached 0.5 wt% in oxygen and 0.4 wt% in air. The direct oxidation of benzene to phenol with air is accompanied by the formation of a precipitate. Its structure has been studied, and the mechanism of its formation has been discussed. It has been shown that the formation of the precipitate during benzene treatment with air is caused by reactions involving excited nitrogen molecules. The main stages of the mechanism of oxidation are considered in detail, and the results of calculations of electron energy losses in electron-molecular reactions occurring at the discharge initiation stage in the barrier discharge are presented. These calculations allow estimating their contribution to the mechanism of formation of intermediate active particles and stable molecules, as well as the routes of the benzene oxidation process in the barrier discharge plasma. It has been demonstrated that phenol formation occurs as a result of direct interaction between the benzene molecule and atomic oxygen. It has been shown that phenol formation occurs as a result of the direct interaction of the benzene molecule with atomic oxygen. It is demonstrated that benzene oxidation in the barrier discharge surpasses some thermocatalytic methods in terms of reaction rate and exhibits comparable results in terms of phenol formation selectivity.

The effect of low-temperature Ni-Ti eutectics on the mechanochemical in situ synthesis of titanium carbide in a nickel matrix has been studied by X-ray diffraction methods and X-ray spectral microanalysis. When comparing the systems containing 50 wt% Ti-(Ti-C) and 50 wt% Ni-(Ti-C), it has been determined that in the first case the induction period of reaction is 4 min, and in the second case the synthesis proceeds in a mechanically stimulated reaction mode with an induction period of 110 s and is fully completed by 120 s. By the time of reaction completion (120 s), a significant amount of TiC_x (up to 38 wt%) with higher carbon content (C/Ti = 0.83) is detected in the reaction mixture with 50 wt% Ni, and the formed crystallites are larger (~30 nm) than in the mixture 50 wt% Ti + (Ti + C), which justifiably suggests a liquid-phase synthesis mechanism. In the reaction mixture with 50 wt% Ti, by 4 min of mechanical activation, up to 42 wt% TiC_x with crystallite size ~9 nm is formed. In the system 50 wt% Ni-(Ti-C), the dispersed hardening of nickel with titanium carbide is enhanced by solid-solution hardening, as evidenced by the formation of Ni(Ti) solid solution within the same synthesis time intervals (120 s). Shortening of the induction period can significantly reduce the contamination of synthesis products with the material of grinding media and drum walls.