D.A. Ilyin1, I.V. Korovnikov 1,2 1Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
2 Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: Rhynchonelliformea brachiopods, Siberian platform, Cambrian, facies occurrece, paleogeographic distribution.
The article analyzes the published data and collections of brachiopods available to the authors for the systematic composition of brachiopods of the Rhynchonelliformea from the Cambrian of the Siberian platform. Currently, 50 species have been described and one taxon has been assigned to the genus (Finkelnburgia sp.). All of them belong to 15 genera, 10 families (two genera have not been identified as belonging to families), and five classes. Cambrian brachiopods of the Rhynchonelliformea of the Siberian Platform are divided into six associations, which are characterized by a certain taxonomic composition, paleogeographic and stratigraphic distribution. The most representative are brachiopods of the Obolellata. Their findings were noted in North America and Greenland and allow us to compare the deposits of the Lower Cambrian of North America and the Siberian platform quite confidently. The Strophomenata is also widely used. But of the ten Siberian species of the Billingsella genus, eight are endemic. Therefore, the findings of these brachiopods can be effectively used for correlation at the generic level to compare the transitional layers between the Middle and Upper Cambrian. Representatives of other classes (Chileata, Kutorginata, and Rhynchonellata) have less potential for inter-regional correlations. Although some of their representatives are found in other regions of the world and can be used as an additional tool for comparing remote sections.
A.P. Afanasenkov1, I.S. Gribova1, 2, V.V. Narkisova2, I.V. Neronova2 1Joint Stock Company "Rosgeologiya", Moscow, Russia 2Joint-Stock Company «Scientific and Production Center for Ultra-Deep Drilling and Integrated Study of the Earth's Interior», Yaroslavl, Russia
Keywords: wend, Pre-Yenisei sedimentary basin, geophysical correlation of well sections, lithology, potential reservoirs of oil and gas accumulation.
The Severo-Ketskaya parametric well was drilled by JSC NPC Nedra to a depth of 5,200 m in the period 2021-2023. The well is located in the south-west of the Pre-Yenisei sedimentary basin in the dome zone of the large anticlinal structure of the same name, buried under the Meso-Cenozoic cover. The well uncovered a new carbonate-terrigenous section of the Vendian and carbonate deposits, presumably of Ripheanage, for the Pre-Yenisei sedimentary basin. The article substantiates the stratigraphic boundaries of the Vendian on the basis of geophysical correlations with typical sections of the southwest Siberian Platform, presents the general lithological characteristics of the Vendian section and the exposed part of the Riphean (?). According to the data of the primary core study, the results of geophysical studies and tests of objects, the deposits of the Upper and Middle Danilovskoye subhorizonts are the most promising for oil and gas accumulation in the Vendian complex of rocks in the borehole drilling area. The results of geochemicalstudies of sections of parametricwells do notallow us to associatehigh oil and gas potentialwith the Proterozoic deposits of the Pre-Yenisei sedimentarybasin
M.A. Krainov 1,2, E.V. Bezrukova 1, A.Yu. Kazansky 2,3, A.A. Shchetnikov 1,2 1Vinogradov Institute of Geochemistry SB RAS, Irkutsk,Russia
2The Institute of the Earth’s Crust SB RAS, Irkutsk, Russia
3Geological Institute RAS, Moscow, Russia
Keywords: Cis-Baikal region, Angarskaya Steppe, Late Holocene, petromagnetism, stratigraphy, lacustrine sedimentation conditions, climate, anthropogenic influence
The first reconstruction of lacustrine sedimentation conditions for the extensive territory of the Angara steppe (Pre-Baikal Depression) in the Late Holocene with decadal temporal resolution is presented. The reconstruction is based on the results of a comprehensive study of Lake Ordynskoe sediments: petromagnetic and granulometric parameters, biogenic silica content. Sedimentation rates and the age of the reconstructed events were determined using radioisotope dating (²¹⁰Pb and ¹³⁷Cs). The age of the core base is 2800 cal yr BP. As a result, it is shown that the primary contribution to the magnetization of Lake Ordynskoe sediments, unlike other studied lakes in the region, comes from grains produced by magnetotactic bacteria. Nevertheless, the analysis of the behavior of biogenic magnetization components provided information on the Lake bioproductivity and relative changes in redox conditions during sediment formation at the water-bottom interface, while the results of granulometry were informative for reconstructing relative changes in lake level. Despite this specific feature of the formation of the lake sediment's petromagnetic characteristics, it was established that noticeable anthropogenic influence on the Lake Ordynskoe geosystem began approximately 280 years ago, intensifying significantly in the last century due to the agricultural activity.
V.S. Zykin1,2, V.S. Zykina1, R.N. Kurbanov3,4, A.O. Volvakh1, N.E. Volvakh1, E.L. Malikova1 1 V.S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Sibirian Branch Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia 2Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
3Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
4Lomonosov Moscow State University,Moscow, Russia
The article examines the structure, composition, and textural features of the griva unit of the Volchia Griva section and the paragenetically associated relief. Additional data on the aeolian origin of the griva unit and griva relief have been obtained. OSL and ICS dating of the Volchya Griva section allowed us to attribute the formation time of the Griva unit to the epoch of the last glaciation and to correlated it with MIS 2 in its entire volume. It has been confirmed that the formation of aeolian relief and the activation of aeolian processes occurred during the cold glacial periods of the late Pleistocene with the predominance of southwesterly winds. The established textural features of the griva unit section are similar in textural and structural characteristics to the niveo-aeolian sands of the Upper Pleistocene, which were formed in cold, periglacial, arid regions of the world and distributed along the southern edge of the ice sheets of the last glaciation from Northwestern Europe to Western Siberia and Alaska. The formation of a deflationary truncation and of a mega-yardangs system in the northern part of the Lake Chany basin indicates a significant activation of aeolian processes at the boundary between the formation of the lower and upper horizons of the griva unit. The orientation of the griva relief, coinciding with the prevailing direction of modern winds, indicates the same direction of winds during the cold and warm epochs of the Quaternary in the south of Western Siberia. The completeness of the structure of the Volchya Griva section, corresponding to the epoch of the last glaciation and MIS 2, the confinement to this section of the largest in Eurasia location of the remains of the mammoth fauna, distinct lithological characteristics, a fairly high degree of its study allow us to consider this section as one of the typical for the Upper Pleistocene of Siberia and to consider it as a stratotype of the griva unit, widespread in this territory, which should be distinguished into an independent Baraba horizon (suite) for the south of Western Siberia, including the Eltsovka and Bagan loesses and the Suma soil separating them
T. G. Shumilova1, S. I. Isaenko1, V. N. Bocharov2, V. V. Ulyashev1, S. A. Svetov3, D. A. Mandrygina4, A. A. Zubov1, N. S. Kovalchuck1, N. I. Maksimenko1, V. P. Lutoev1, V. K. Kis5
1 N.P. Yushkin Institute of Geology Komi SC, UB RAS, Syktyvkar, Russia
2St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
3 Institute of Geology of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrozavodsk, Russia
4 A.N. Zavaritsky Institute of Geology and Geochemistry, UB RAS, Eekaterinburg, Russia
5 HUN-REN Centre for Energy Research, Budapest, Hungary
Keywords: karite, diamond, meteorite craters, impact metamorphism, fossils.
In the paper, the detail features of karite – the diamond (diamond-containing) fossils of the Kara meteorite crater formed after organic matter, generally after wood fragments, studied by a wide list of modern analytical methods are presented, including structural data at atomic resolution level, chemical composition and spectroscopic characteristics. The diagnostic features, formation mechanism and ontogenic specificity are analyzed. As a result of a detailed study of the ontogenetic specificity, structural and chemical composition of the diamond fossils a fundamental difference in the mechanism of formation from typical paramorphoses and pseudomorphoses has been established, there they have been classified as pseudo-paramorphoses. Taking into account special conditions for the described aggregates of diamond and other forms of carbon formation from organic matter by impact, it is proposed to differ a special variety of fossils – impact fossils. The prospects for using of the diamond fossils for geological studies and application in carbon materials field are estimated.
V.F. Smol’kin1, A.V. Mokrushin2,3 1Vernadsky State Geological Museum of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
2Geological Institute, Kola Science Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Apatity, Russia
3Apatity branch of Murmansk Arctic University, Apatity, Russia
Keywords: Paleoproterozoic, gabbro, clinopyroxene, wehrlites, ferropicrites, dyke, sulphide Cu-Ni ore deposits, geochemistry, isotopes, genesis, Pechenga, Russia
Located in the north-west of the Murmansk Region, the sulphide Cu-Ni ore deposits were discovered in 1930s. Nowadays they provide approximately 8-10% of the nickel mining in Russia. The deposits are spatially associated with the serpentinite massifs, which have long been pertained to either the ophiolitic complex or basalt magma differentiates. The magma is regionally represented by the wide-spread fields of pillow lavas and gabbro-diabase sills. The ultramafic ferropicritic volcanics, which alternate in cross-section with lavas and basaltic tuffs, were discovered in 1970s. Initially the ore-bearing massifs were intrusions composed by peridotites (wehrlites), clinopyroxenites, and gabbro, which were tectonically metamorphosed during the Svecofennian tectonic genesis. Basing on petrological, geochemical, and isotopic research, scientists have proved that ferropicritic volcanics and ore-bearing intrusions are genetically bonded. The paper concerns the processes of differentiation of all the ferropicritic magma facies, i.e., intrusive (ore and ore-free intrusions), volcanogenic (massive and pillow lavas, stratified flows, sills), and dike ones (dike bodies, cross-cutting intrusions, and dike swarms in the Archean setting). Their relations, period and sequence of formation have been revealed. We also discuss the role that the processes of contamination and assimilation of the Archean basement rocks and hosting sulphide carbonaceous schists have played in sulphide ore formation.
I.D. Timoshina1, L.S. Borisova1, A.N. Fomin3 1Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics, 630090, Novosibirsk, Koptug ave. 3, Russia
Keywords: North Tunguska Oil and Gas Region, Paleozoic, kerogens, asphaltenes, biomarker hydrocarbons, type and catagenesis of organic matter, hydrocarbon migration.
The organic matter (OM) of the terrigenous coal-bearing strata of the Tunguska series (C2-P) and the Khanar formation (C2-3), as well as the Devonian carbonate rocks of the North Tunguska OGR, have experienced a complex geological history due to strong heating by traps. Because of this, the values of biomarker genetic parameters C27/C17 in n-alkanes, C29/C27 in steranes, hopanes/tricyclanes decrease in a number of terrestrial bitumens, and the tricyclane index ITC is likely to be altered by the migration effects of accumulation/dispersion of low-molecular compounds. The sterane maturity coefficient in most samples has undergone thermal inversion and is unsuitable for determining the level of catagenesis. Devonian samples as a whole probably contain marine OM (low δ13C; high HI in the insoluble residue and in kerogen, H/Cat in kerogen; in the diagram Pr/nC17 – Ph/nC18
are at the boundary or in the field of type II kerogen; low nC27/nC17 and C29/C27 are characteristic), although in the kerogen of the Manturovka formation (D1), isotopic and pyrolytic characteristics are distorted, possibly due to high catagenesis. The coal-bearing strata contain terrestrial OM (low HI in kerogens; high nC27/nC17, C29/C27
in steranes, hopanes/tricyclanes for the Khanar formation). The genetic characteristics of the saturated fractions of bitumen nC27/nC17, C29/C27 in steranes, hopanes/tricyclanes in several samples of the Upper Paleozoic are significantly distorted due to the catagenetic redistribution of compounds in favor of low-molecular compounds. According to the elemental composition of kerogen, half of the samples of the Khanar formation and the Tunguska series can be attributed to type III kerogen, and the other half to type IV, probably due to the high level of thermal transformation by the introductions of traps. In this regard, catagenesis for carbon–permian increases generally from the bottom up along the section from the MK2 gradation to apocatagenesis (changes in Rovt, MPI-1 in the aromatic fraction of bitumen, H/Cat in kerogens and asphaltenes).
R.A. Valiullin, M.S. Gayazov, F.F. Davletshin
Ufa University of Science and Technology, Ufa, Russia
Keywords: active thermometry, temperature, horizontal well, fluid flow, experimental research, free convection
This article is devoted to the development and experimental validation of an active thermometry method for quantitatively assessing fluid flow rate in horizontal wells. Two approaches were studied experimentally using a physical well model under single-phase flow conditions: a calorimetric approach (based on the integral superheating of a homogenized flow) and a convective approach based on the dependence of the heated pipe wall temperature on the flow rate. It was established that the Richardson number (Ri) is a key criterion determining the heat transfer mechanism. At Ri > 1 (low flow rate regime), thermogravitational effects dominate, causing significant temperature stratification of the flow. It is shown that under such conditions, the calorimetric method is more reliable and allows for flow rate determination with high accuracy (deviation no more than 10%). At the same time, the limitations of the convective method, the interpretation of which in this study took into account only the forced component of heat transfer (the Dittus-Belter model), are identified: it is correct only for Ri < 0.1 (high flow rates). The work lays the methodological basis for further development of the method, the key areas of which are the complication of the convective model to take into account free (natural) convection and the adaptation of both approaches to the conditions of multiphase flows.
O.B. Rodimova
V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk, Russia
Keywords: IR absorption, carbon dioxide, temperature behavior, line wing
Carbon dioxide is a perceptible component of Earth's atmosphere and a significant part of the atmospheres of other planets of the terrestrial group. In this work, absorption by carbon dioxide is considered on the basis of the asymptotic line wing theory. Line contour parameters have been found by fitting to experimental values at 200-300 K temperatures in the 4.3 mm CO2 band. The different temperature behavior of the absorption is noted near the band (2400-2440 cm-1) and far from it (2500-2590 cm-1). The results of this study are of interest for spectroscopy and can be important in atmospheric modeling.
D.V. Kalinskaya1,2 1Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia 2Marine Hydrophysical Institute National Academy of the RAS, Sevastopol, Russia
Keywords: atmospheric aerosol, photometer, MODIS, VIIRS, AIRS, back trajectories, HYSPLIT, Ångström parameter, dust aerosol, smoke aerosol, aerosol optical depth, AOD, absorption, Black sea, Volga
Consideration of absorbing and scattering properties of atmospheric aerosols and estimating the sizes of aerosol particles are important for testing standard and creating regional algorithms of atmospheric correction of satellite data. However, calculation of optical characteristics of atmospheric aerosols in dust transport periods is complicated by a need in considering the effects of dust aerosol on optical properties of the atmosphere: aerosol optical depth (AOD), Ångström parameter, and others. In this work, the optical characteristics of atmospheric aerosol are analyzed based on in-situ photometric measurements, MODIS (Aqua/Terra) and VIIRS satellite data, and HYSPLIT simulation for two Volga reservoirs and the Black Sea during dust transport from the Sahara and Karakum deserts. The AOT values are found to be more than two times higher than background values during all the events under study. No differences in the optical characteristics of dust aerosol transported from these deserts were detected. The results can be used to verify standard algorithms of atmospheric correction of satellite data.
D.V. Apeksimov, P.A. Babushkin, Yu.E. Geints, A.M. Kabanov, V.K. Oshlakov, E.E. Khoroshaeva
V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk, Russia
Keywords: femtosecond laser pulse, turbulence, laser filamentation, plasma, aerosol, two-photon-excited fluorescence, angular distribution, THz radiation generation
The results of complex studies of filamentation of high-power femtosecond laser pulses in experiments where a localized air layer with a randomly inhomogeneous refractive index (artificial turbulent layer) is created at the beginning of the propagation path are discussed. It is shown that the technique of forced chaotic modulation (power stochastization) of a radiation beam, which initiates inhomogeneities in the transverse energy structure of laser radiation, causes the splitting of an original beam into many high-intensity light subbeams (channels) due to strong optical nonlinearity of the air medium. These channels are characterized by high intensity and stability along significant distances. The segmentation of the radiation by a turbulent layer multiply increases the number of high-intensity optical channels, which arise during propagation of a 2.5-cm beam of a Ti:Sapphire laser with a wavelength of 800 nm and power of up to 150 GW in air. The characteristic intensity of these optical channels is high enough for two-photon absorption in a volume of colored (rhodamine or uranine with a concentration of 0.4 g/l) water aerosol microparticles, created at the end of a 100-m optical path, which, in turn, almost doubles the fluorescence signal from the particles recorded by the lidar scheme. In addition, it was determined that a localized turbulent layer created at the beginning of an optical path enables a multiple enhancement of the efficiency of low-frequency (THz) electromagnetic radiation generation from laser filamentation region.
A.V. Drakon, A.V. Eremin, R.N. Kolotushkin, A.A. Timoshenko, E.S. Khodyko
Joint Institute for High Temperatures of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
Keywords: black carbon aerosol, organic aerosol, combustion, mass spectrometry, soot formation, benzene
Emissions of carbon compounds formed during the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels change the thermal balance of the atmosphere, which leads to global warming. Reliable methods for diagnosing and monitoring emissions are necessary to control and assess the content of carbon compounds in the atmosphere. The paper presents a methodology for studying the formation of organic and black carbon aerosol. A flat ethylene/air laminar flame was used as a reactor in various experimental modes. An experimental setup was developed and used to analyze flame gas components by quadrupole mass spectrometry. The signal intensities were compared depending on the mass-to-charge ratio in the range 0-100. It has been shown that kinetic simulation and experimental results are qualitatively consistent when describing such components as H2O, O2, and CO2. It has also been shown that an increase in the equivalence ratio increases the concentrations of compounds associated with the formation of organic and black carbon aerosols. The results can be used to develop diagnostic and monitoring methods for organic and soot aerosols in the ambient air by tracking concentrations of signature compounds.
A.A. Tronin1, M.P. Vasiliev1, G.M. Nerobelov1,2,3 1St. Petersburg Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg Scientific Research Center for Ecological Safety at the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia 2Saint-Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia 3Russian State Hydrometeorological University, St. Petersburg, Russia
Keywords: nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, satellite and ground-based monitoring, Moscow, St. Petersburg
Nitrogen and sulfur dioxides belong to the priority pollutants of atmospheric air and belong to substances of the 3rd class of hazard. The joint influence of sulfur dioxide and dioxide nitrogen on air quality is extremely negative. Monitoring their content in atmospheric air is an important environmental task. Joint analysis and comparison of nitrogen and sulfur dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere of Moscow and St. Petersburg on the basis of ground-based measurements, as well as tropospheric content of these aerotoxicants based on satellite data are performed. Satellite data (the OMI spectrometer from the Aura satellite) cover the period from 2005 to 2023, and ground data are collected for the period 2002-2023. The concentrations of nitrogen dioxide slowly decrease in Moscow and Sant-Petersburg both in satellite and ground-based data. The concentrations of sulfur dioxide are significantly reduced according to ground-based measurements in Moscow and Sant-Petersburg. Satellite observations show relatively constant concentrations in St. Petersburg and their growth in Moscow. The hypothesis which explains the divergence of ground-based and satellite data on the content of sulfur dioxide is suggested. The results can be used in the practical work of environmental authorities in Moscow and St. Petersburg.
O.Yu. Antokhina1,2, P.N. Antokhin1, O.S. Zorkal’tseva2, A.V. Gochakov3, M.F. Artamonov2, S.M. Bobrovnikov1, V.I. Zharkov1 1V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk, Russia 2Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, Irkutsk, Russia 3Institute of Computational Mathematics and Mathematical Geophysics of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: stratosphere, troposphere, polar vortex, sudden stratospheric warming, wave propagation, temperature anomaly, polar stratospheric clouds
Winter 2024/2025 was characterized by anomalous stability of the stratospheric polar vortex (SPV), resulting from a combination of weak propagation of wave activity from the troposphere and strong zonal winds that created a barrier to vertical wave transport. Lidar measurements near Tomsk in February showed record-low temperatures (-85 °C) at altitudes of 15-20 km and the formation of polar stratospheric clouds, confirming the uniqueness of stratospheric conditions. In November-January, weak Rossby wave breaking processes and predominant zonal circulation over Eurasia were observed, while the final weakening of the SPV in early March was accompanied by a sharp restructuring of stratospheric circulation. These results are important for understanding the mechanisms of SPV stability and their influence on atmospheric dynamics.
K.N. Pustovalov1,2, P.V. Nagorskiy1, M.V. Oglezneva1, S.V. Smirnov1,2 1Institute of Monitoring of Climatic and Ecological Systems (IMCES) SB RAS, Tomsk, Russia 2National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
Keywords: clouds, atmospheric electricity, electric field potential gradient, ultraviolet radiation
Atmospheric electricity is the totality of electrical phenomena occurring in the atmosphere, including clouds and precipitation, and forming the global electrical circuit. Studying the functioning of this circuit, particularly the factors that determine its local variability, is a pressing and important scientific problem, especially in the context of the current climate change. Based on atmospheric electrical, spectrophotometric, and meteorological observations Tomsk from 2006 to 2020, we analize the variability of the main characteristic of atmospheric electricity, that is, the surface electric field potential gradient and the spectral transmittance of long-wave UV radiation by clouds depending on their form. The analysis revealed a statistically significant positive relationship between variations in the potential gradient and the transmittance of radiation at a wavelength of 380 nm for almost all main cloud forms. The new statistical data complement existing understanding of the interaction of atmospheric-electrical and actinometric characteristics and can be used to improve the models of global electric circuit and atmosphere, among other things, for numerical weather prediction and climate change modeling.
V.A. Gladkikh, A.P. Kamardin, I.V. Nevzorova, S.L. Odintsov, V.A. Fedorov
V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk, Russia
Keywords: atmosphere, outer turbulence scale, surface air layer, wind speed, air temperature
The outer scales of temperature and wind turbulence in the surface air layer are estimated based on experimental data. Statistics of the outer scales is provided for winter and summer periods at different time of the day at altitudes of 5 and 10 m. The correlations between the scales and temperature and wind velocity stratification in the surface air layer are analyzed. It is found that the temperature stratification has the strongest effect on the outer turbulence scales, and the scales increase with the measurement altitude. The results can be useful for studies of thermodynamic processes in the atmospheric boundary layer and the influence of turbulence on optical wave propagation.
M.Yu. Shikhovtsev1,2, A.Yu. Shikhovtsev1, A.A. Lezhenin3, V.S. Gradov3, V.B. Khaikin4, K.E. Kirichenko1, P.G. Kovadlo1 1Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, Irkutsk, Russia 2Limnological Institute of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, Irkutsk, Russia 3Institute of Computational Mathematics and Mathematical Geophysics of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia 4Special Astrophysical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhnij Arkhyz, Russia
Keywords: precipitable water vapor, millimeter telescope, WRF, Sayan Solar Observatory, Hulugaisha peak
Precipitated water vapor (PWV) is the main gas that causes atmospheric opacity in millimeter and submillimeter wavelength ranges. This study uses the mesoscale Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to effectively estimate PWV levels in order to determine the conditions at existing observatory sites and identify potential locations for a new large millimeter telescope. The results show that the WRF model successfully reproduces the spatio-temporal variability of PWV, identifying areas with minimal moisture content, which can be used for planning telescope observations.
Studies of the content of radioactive gases in the atmosphere are important for assessing their danger to public health and as an auxiliary characteristic of gas exchange between soil and atmosphere. There are very few measurements of radon and thoron concentrations in Russia. Therefore, this paper summarizes the results of their monitoring in the background region near Tomsk over 2020-2024. It has been shown that annual average radon concentrations are in the range 10.7-14.3 Bq/m3; the annual average maximal values can reach 81 Bq/m3. Thoron is characterized by a weaker variability of the average content (8.9-11.8 Bq/m3) and a lower maximal concentration (65 Bq/m3). It is found that radon has a well-defined daily cycle, while thoron does not. There are also significant differences in the annual variations in the concentrations of these gases. Although the main maxima of their concentrations are recorded in July, 222Rn has a secondary maximum in the cold season. A slow increase in the concentrations of both radon and thoron from 2020 to 2024 was found. The content of 222Rn increases at a rate of 0.5 Bq/m3 per year, and of 220Rn, with a rate of 0.2 Bq/m3 per year. The concentration of 222Rn is higher than 220Rn on daily, annual, and long-term scales. The data presented in this paper will be useful in choosing the range and uncertainty of new devices or protection against radiation and assessment of the probability of occurrence of a particular phenomenon.
On January 21, 2026, Valeria Aleksandrovna Sapozhnikova, one of the longest-serving employees of the V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics SB RAS and an active contributor to the journal "Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics," passed away.
L. G. Vartapetov1, A. A. Romanov2, E. V. Shemyakin3, M. I. Lyalina1 1Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals of SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia 2Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia 3Federal state budgetary institution of science Federal research center "Yakut Scientific Centre of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Institute of Biological Problems of Cryolithozone of SB RAS, Yakutsk, Russia
Keywords: bird communities of Central Siberia, total abundance, species richness, predominant species, background species composition, natural zones and subzones, altitude belts
The results of a long-term study of the bird population of Central Siberia, including their route surveys with a length of 11.2 thousand km in 685 biotopes, are summarized. It has been established that the population density of birds increases from the Arctic deserts to the southern tundra, decreases markedly in the forest tundra, and then increases sequentially to the forest steppe. The species richness also increases in the southern direction, but reaches its maximum in the middle taiga, where species with a more northern or southern distribution are located on the periphery of their ranges. In the dominant composition of ornithocomplexes, it is characteristic that 1-4 species do not go beyond the boundaries of their “own” zones, and 1-2 species are common to neighboring zones. As a result of changes in the composition and ratio of species, the differences between the ornithocomplexes of the Arctic deserts and tundras, as well as the forest-tundra and taiga zones, become the most significant. Differences in the bird populations of the forest tundra and tundra, as well as the forest-steppe and taiga zones, are poorly expressed due to the distribution of the most widespread species. Altitude-belt changes in the bird population are reduced to a sharp decrease in the number of species and individuals during the transition from each lower to the overlying belt. The bird communities of the high-altitude belts from the foothills to the peaks of the mountains are increasingly different from each other and those of the adjacent lowland zones and subzones, which is determined by the increasing autonomy of their formation.
Yu. S. Ravkin1, S. M. Tsybulin1, L. A. Khlyap2, S. V. Chesnokova1, I. N. Bogomolova1 1Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals of SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia 2Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of RAS, Moscow, Russia
Keywords: myomorpha rodents, ditches, fences, crushers, Altai, volume of surveys, survey time, environmental factors, cluster analysis, qualitative approximation
In the article, based mainly on the materials collected by N. V. Tupikova and contributors of the Data Bank of the Zoological Monitoring Laboratory of the Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals SB RAS from 1955 to 2014, some methodical and methodological problems are solved, in particular, the research result dependence: 1. on the method of collecting material with crushers - route, one-time or stationary (with three repetitions every two weeks from mid-July to the end of August). 2. on the interpreter, volume and standardization of data during collection. 3. on the joint use of data collected with crushers and ditches, after recalculation per 1 km2. This article is dedicated to these problems.
I. I. Lyubechanskii1,2, R. Yu. Dudko1, G. N. Azarkina1 1Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals of SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia 2Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: Norilsk industrial region, tundra, anthropogenic impact, industrial pollution, bioindication
In the subarctic regions of Krasnoyarsk Krai in 2022-2023, the population of ground beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) was studied at different distances from sources of anthropogenic impact. In the vicinity of Norilsk, the impact of metallurgical enterprises was studied; near Dudinka, the change in the ground beetle population along the urbanization gradient was studied; in the south of the Gydan Peninsula, the impact of gas condensate fields was assessed. The least impact on the ground beetle population was noted in the area of the fields. Urbanogenic impact in the vicinity of Dudinka affected ground beetle communities at a distance of up to 2-3 km. The complex impact of Norilsk facilities (industrial enterprises, urban infrastructure, etc.) on ground beetle communities was traced at a distance of up to 10-15 km. Near sources of anthropogenic impact, the number of ground beetle species in communities, their overall dynamic density, and the density of individual genera and species of ground beetles decrease: especially large-sized representatives (genus Carabus) and specialized arctic species of the subgenus Cryobius from the genus Pterostichus, associated with moss-lichen cover. These parameters can be used as indicators of environmental disturbance.
Yu. A. Bazhenov1,2 1Institute of Natural Resources, Ecology and Cryology of SB RAS, Chita, Russia 2Sokhondinsky State Nature Reserve, Kyra, Russia
Keywords: Ovis nivicola, national park, Kodar ridge, trail camera, age and sex population structure, seasonal migration
The population structure of snow sheep groups in the Kodar Ridge is characterized based on trail camera and visual observation data. The population range is isolated and limited to this mountain range. The studies were conducted after the establishment of a national park within a part of the Kodar snow sheep range (in 2018). The main observations were made in the central, most important part of the range in the Sredny Sakukan and Apsat river basins both in the national park and in the adjacent territory. On average, the ratio of adult females/yearlings/last year’s animals/young males/mature males in July-September on summer pastures used by females is 10/9/4/3/1. A significant number of males stay in summer in areas outside the pastures of females and young animals. The fertility of the Kodar sheep during the study period is higher than that noted in the 1990s. For one adult female of 2019-2024 in the first 2-3 months after lambing, there were 0.87 yearlings and 0.44 last year’s lambs. High fertility also confirms the optimal structure of the studied groups of Kodar snow sheep. Information was obtained on the timing and characteristics of the seasonal change of habitats, with the exception of the winter period. On summer pastures, the population is characterized by low herd size: 3.0 for groups of females, 1.3 for males and the same for separated last year’s lambs. Over 6 years of observations after the creation of the national park, the herd size indicator did not change significantly, and changes were observed in the sex and age structure associated with an increase in the proportion of last year’s lambs and young males.
L. A. Khlyap1, A. L. Mishchenko1, V. V. Bobrov1, V. Yu. Ilyashenko1, M. Yu. Grishchenko2 1Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, RAS, Moscow, Russia 2Moscow State University, Department of Geography, Moscow, Russia
Keywords: vulnerable species, mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, biomes
Issues of conservation of rare and endangered animal species are considered one of the main ecological problems of recent decades and are included in the “Ecological Doctrine of the Russian Federation” and “Principles of the State policy in the area of environmental development of the Russian Federation for the period up to the year 2030”. The distribution of terrestrial vertebrates listed in the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation in the mountainous regions of Russia has been studied for the first time. A biome approach was used: the division of the territory, according to the similarity of the biota, including the analysis of its latitude, longitude and altitude changes. For each of the 31 mountain biomes identified in the territory of Russia, lists of mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians from the Red Data Book are given, and the abundance of these protected objects is quantified. Regions with high diversity of such terrestrial vertebrates have been identified. Mammals, reptiles, and amphibians have the greatest similarity in the location of orobiomes with the maximum number of species. The regions of their greatest diversity are confined to the Caucasus. For mammals, this is its eastern part; for reptiles and amphibians - the biomes bordering the Black Sea coast. The maximum diversity of breeding birds is confined to the south of the Far East. Maps with the distribution of the number of such rare species in the mountain biomes of Russia have been prepared. The results obtained make it possible to optimize conservation measures for rare and vulnerable vertebrates.
A. S. Sokolova, T. V. Frolova, E. A. Ageeva, G. I. Izvekova
Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters, Russian Academy of Sciences, Borok, Russia
Keywords: trematodes, mollusks, digestive enzymes, pepsin-like proteases, trypsin-like proteases
The study focuses on the activity of proteolytic enzymes and the effect of trematode infestation on the size and mass parameters and activity of these enzymes in three species of mollusks: Lithoglyphus naticoides (C. Pfieffer, 1828), Viviparus viviparus (Linnaeus, 1758) and Lymnaea stagnalis (Linnaeus, 1758). Pepsin-, trypsin-, and chymotrypsin-like activity was found in all mollusks, indicating a wide range of protease activity in these animals. Differences in the levels of protease activity in shellfish are most likely related to the type of diet. Shellfish infection affects the studied parameters in different ways. Thus, in infected Lithoglyphus naticoides, the shell height and mass are greater than in uninfected individuals. In Viviparus viviparus, these parameters do not display significant differences. In Lymnaea stagnalis, the shell height does not differ in uninfected and infected mollusks, and the mass is greater in infected specimens. The activity of a particular group of proteases varies depending on the mollusk species and the parasite development stage. Trematode infection has the greatest effect on protease activity in Lithoglyphus naticoides.
E. A. Malkova1, A. V. Burakova1, I. A. Kshnyasev1, V. L. Vershinin1,2 1Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russia 2Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russia
Keywords: Rana arvalis, skeletochronology, nematodes, endoparasites, climate
In the studied populations of Rana arvalis Nilsson, 1842 (ranging from the western macroslope of the Middle Urals to the Ishim Plain), ten parasite species were identified, with the nematodes Oswaldocruzia filiformis (Goeze, 1782) and Rhabdias bufonis (Schrank, 1788) being dominant. A two-component (hurdle) model-combining binomial regression (infection probability) and gamma regression (infestation intensity) -provided the best biological and statistical fit for nematode infestation patterns. Both infection probability and intensity increased with host age, peaking at 3-4 years: each unit increase in log2-transformed age [log2(Age+1)] raised the odds of infestation 6.2-fold (95 % CI: 4.9-7.8) and intensity 1.4-fold (1.2-1.5). Intensity also increased 2.1-fold (1.8-2.5) per additional nematode species. Geographic trends revealed latitudinal and longitudinal variability: infestation odds decreased 2.1-fold (1.5-2.7) per degree northward, while intensity increased 1.14-fold (1.1-1.2) per degree eastward. Neither host morph (striata/maculata) nor sex significantly influenced nematode infestation parameters.
L. M. Kondratyeva, D. V. Andreeva
Khabarovsk Federal Research Center of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Water and Ecology Problems, Khabarovsk, Russia
Keywords: microbial communities, groundwater, freezing/thawing, humic substances, river bank filtration
The paper presents the results of the study of the role of environmental factors (abiotic and microbiological) in the formation of groundwater quality in the river bank filtration zone under cyclic freezing/thawing (CFT). Groundwater samples from the Tunguska field (Priamurye) taken in the fall period from different aquifer depths from wells located at different distances from the river bank filtration zone were used. CFT was performed in vitro in the presence of different carbon sources at two temperatures: slow thawing from -18 °C to +4 °C; rapid thawing from -18 °С to +23 °С. The activity of microbial communities (MC) from groundwater and river water after CFT was confirmed by their ability cultured on a readily available carbon source (peptone) and hard-to-mineralize sodium humate (HNa), as well as under conditions of their co-metabolism. Maximum activity after CFT at a thawing temperature of 4 °С in the presence of HNa was shown by MC from a depth of 41 m from boreholes 1500 m away from the shore. At a thawing temperature of 23 °С, microorganisms from river and groundwater from wells close to the shore were highly active regardless of the composition of carbon sources during the CFT period. MC growth activity from offshore wells at 23 °С thawing temperature was dependent on the depth of water sampling and the presence of readily available co-substrate. It was shown for the first time that after CFT, thawing temperature influenced the changes in the spectral characteristics of humic substances as a result of their microbial transformation
T. I. Fomina1, E. S. Fomin2 1Central Siberian Botanical Garden of SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia 2Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: seasonal development, phenological trends, herbaceous perennials, accessions, Russian Far East, Western Siberia
The results of a long-term study (2006-2024) on the phenology of 25 species of herbaceous plants, represented by 33 accessions from natural populations in the Russian Far East - Primorye, Sakhalin, and the Southern Kurils, under the conditions of the forest-steppe of Western Siberia (Novosibirsk), are presented. The study revealed the features of seasonal rhythms for most accessions: spring growth occurs in early to mid-terms (April - first decade of May), and the onset of flowering is timed to summer periods (June - mid-July), with a phenorhythmotype classified as spring-summer green. Therefore, based on their primary rhythmic characteristics, the Far Eastern accessions correspond to herbaceous perennials of the regional flora. At the same time, a complete and regular seasonal cycle, as an indicator of biological sustainability, is observed in 16 accessions (48 %), while the others are unstable or weakly stable in the new environmental conditions. Using linear phenological trends, the main patterns of phenological shifts were established: a delay in the dates of the vegetation start (6-13 days / 10 years) and an advance in the dates of vegetation end (6-16 days / 10 years). There is also a later start for flowering (up to 6 days / 10 years), and an earlier end for flowering (3 days / 10 years), as well as a significant reduction in the duration of all interphase periods. Significant intraspecific variability of phenological events depending on the provenance of materials was demonstrated. The findings indicate an accelerated seasonal development of Far Eastern perennials when adapting to a continental climate.
N. N. Lashchinskiy1,2, E. B. Talovskaya1,2, A. A. Guseva1,2 1Central Siberian Botanical Garden of SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia 2Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: small-leaves forests, phytomass, species structure, productivityy
Herbs layer aboveground phytomass of the association Trollio asiaticae - Populetum tremulae (absolutely dry weight) and its species structure was determined. It was found that from 37 collected species two dominant species made 80 % of total phytomass. Moreover, only five species have more than 1 % of total phytomass each and the rest of species cover only 6,7 %. Comparison with published data about phytomass of the different layers and fractions of plant communities showed that phytomass of the herbs layer is equal or even more than photosynthetically active phytomass of the tree layer. So, in this ecosystem there are two equal layers of photosynthetic activity - herbs layer and tree layer.
E. O. Kazakova1, I. V. Ryzhik1,2 1Murmansk Marine Biological Institute of RAS, Murmansk, Russia 2Murmansk Arctic State University, Murmansk, Russia
Keywords: Cochlearia officinalis, Honckenya peploides, anatomy, littoral, supralittoral
This article examines the problem of environmental adaptations of plants to the conditions of the supralittoral and littoral of the Barents Sea coast. The article is devoted to a comprehensive study of the anatomical features of the leaf blades Honckenya peploides (L.) и Cochlearia officinalis (L.). The study used plants collected in the budding phase. The collected leaves were fixed in 70 % ethanol. Measurements of the elements of the anatomical structure were carried out using a light microscope. It has been established that the environmental conditions of the coastal zone determine the formation of specific anatomical features in these plants. H. peploides is characterized as a more highly specialized species with pronounced xeromorphic features: amphistomatic leaves, a developed cuticle layer and an isolateral mesophyll structure. C. officinalis is a heterogeneous species. In supralittoral conditions, the plant exhibits mesomorphic features such as sinuous cell walls, hypostomatic leaves, clear differentiation of the mesophyll into columnar and spongy layers, as well as the presence of large intercellular cells in the spongy mesophyll. On the upper littoral, C. officinalis acquires xeromorphic features: an increase in the thickness of the leaf and cuticle, as well as amphistomaticity. Probably, the combination of meso- and xeromorphic features favored the distribution of C. officinalis in a wider range of the coastal zone. The data obtained confirm the close connection of the anatomical structure of the leaves with environmental conditions and reflect the specific adaptations of each species to the environment.
S. V. Baboshkina, A. V. Puzanov, T. A. Rozhdestvenskaya, I. A. Troshkova
Institute for Water and Environmental Problems, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Barnaul, Russia
Keywords: heavy metals, tailings, soil pollution, pollution indices, mining landscapes, reclamation
The main ore and associated elements contamination level of the tailings dumps substrates of the Altai Mining and Processing Plant (AMPP), soils of their reclaimed surfaces and soils located in the zone of technogenic impact is studied. Heavy metals in the upper horizons of soils and grounds were determined using atomic absorption spectrometry. Single pollution indices and complex soil contamination indices of the territory are calculated. A comparison with 18-year-old data is made. It is found that the metal content in the upper layers of dumps in areas where at least single plant species grow and in the soils of adjacent landscapes vary widely: Zn - from 164 to 1287 mg/kg, Cd - from 0.50 to 6.97 mg/kg, Cu - from 67 to 1516 mg/kg, Pb - from 69 to 1827 mg/kg and significantly exceed the background values. The highest Zn and Cd content is detected in the substrate on the new dump surface of the near the spontaneous dump of household waste. The highest Cu and Pb concentrations, tens of times exceeding the background contents in the chernozems of the Northwestern Altai, are found in meadow soils of landscapes geochemically associated with the dumps tailings, containing toxic material washed up from the eroded sides of the tailings ponds. Their upper horizons are characterized by extremely hazardous (Z c = 165) and high (Z c = 79) levels of total metal contamination. High metal contamination (especially Cd and Pb) is established for the upper horizon of ordinary chernozem at a distance of 2 km from the dumps to the north, in the direction of the southern winds prevailing in the region, which is explained by additional airborne dust saturated with heavy metals brought to this territory from the unreclaimed surfaces of the AMPP dumps. The lowest single pollution indexes of soil and substrate and the smallest proportion of samples with their high values are established for zinc. Pollution of soils and substrates of tailings with lead and copper, judging by single pollution indexes, is the most significant. Compared to 2005, a decrease in the concentration of heavy metals in the substrates of dumps of those areas where plants grow is noted.
N. V. Kulakova1,2, T. V. Elisafenko3, E. R. Khadeeva4, S. G. Kazanovsky1, V. V. Murashko1, A. V. Verkhozina1 1Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry of SB RAS, Irkutsk, Russia 2Irkutsk State University, Irkutsk, Russia 3Central Siberian Botanical Garden of SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia 4V. B. Sochava Institute of Geography of SB RAS, Irkutsk, Russia
Keywords: Megadenia, introduction, populations of Megadenia, relict, Tunkinskaya Valley, endemic plant species, phylogeny
Rare endemic plant species are most sensitive to changes in ecosystems, which can negatively affect the state of populations. The study of various ecological parameters in natural locations is most important for their monitoring and conservation. Megadenia bardunovii is a relic species of the Tertiary period vegetation with a restricted area. In Russia, two small populations are known in the Tunka Valley (Republic of Buryatia). In this work, the composition of water and soil in the natural location, the area of populations, phylogenetic relationships were studied, an introduction experiment and seed reproduction assessment were carried out. The confinement of populations to freshwater springs and loose, fertile sod-carbonate soils was revealed. It was shown that the populations occupy an area of 408 and 564 mІ. Seed germination is low, vegetative reproduction predominates. Analysis of nuclear (ITS) and chloroplast (rbcL, matK, trnL-trnF, trnH-psbA) markers revealed the absence of genetic diversity in the two studied populations. Analysis of chloroplast DNA showed that the populations from the Tunka Valley represent a separate evolutionary lineage, significantly different from all other Megadenia populations in China and the Russian Far East. The introduction experiment showed that an adult individual is a perennial creeping-root polycarpic plant and consisting of a complex of rosette shoots formed from adventitious buds on roots. In the introduction experiment, the morphometric parameters of plants were close to those in situ. Under cultural conditions, the species is of medium promise for introduction and has average resistance during long-term cultivation; it does not withstand competition from other species. Biological features determine the species strategy - rapid capture of territory using adventitious buds on the roots. The studied populations can be characterized as relatively stable under existing conditions. The developing and maintenance of a reserve fund is relevant. The obtained results supplement the data on the ecology and biology of the species and determine the parameters for monitoring and preserving the species in natural habitats.
B.-Ts. B. Namzalov1, S. V. Zhigzhitzhapova2, A. A. Korobkov3, M. B.-Ts. Namzalov1 1Banzarov Buryat State University, Ulan-Ude, Russia 2Baikal Institute of Nature Management of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Ude, Russia 3Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
Keywords: species and phytocenoses, meadow and saline wormwoods, habitat and boundary populations, essential oils, secondary metabolites, medicinal plants, Buryatia
The paper considers meadow and saline wormwoods, which constitute an original element in the vegetation of intrazonal landscapes of river valleys and intermountain depressions of Buryatia. They are represented by both typically saline Central Asian (with Artemisia schrenkiana, A. nitrosa) and meadow both East Asian (with A. selengensis), and Holarctic (with A. vulgaris, A. mongolica). According to phytocenotic confinement, it is necessary to note the contrast of ecological conditions in the floodplain-terrace complexes of the Dzhida River and saline depressions in the Ivolga valley, reflected in the composition and structure of plant communities. Thus, meadow, meadow-shrub communities on the Dzhida terraces are distinguished by a high projective cover (up to 80 % and more), often have a thicket character with an abundance of A. selengensis. The floristic composition of the communities is characterized by North Asian and South Siberian elements (Achnatherum sibiricum, Potentilla tanacetifolia), and in the group of specific species, East Asian ones - A. selengensis, Ribes diacantha. Phytocenoses of the saline vegetation of the Ivolginskaya valley have a low projective cover of grass - at the initial stage of vegetation 30 %, by mid-summer, in the phase of the beginning of flowering, the participation of wormwood reaches 60 % or more. In terms of floristic composition, the communities are poor and monotonous (up to 14-17 species on test sites). They are composed by the desert-steppe Central Asian elements - Achnatherum splendens, Plantago salsa, Artemisia nitrosa, as well as Eurasian saline-steppe species - Limonium gmelinii, Saussurea amara and others. The studied wormwoods of Buryatia have in common the absence of α-thujone and zingeberene in the essential oils, unlike the same species from other regions. The fact of division of wormwood essential oils by belonging to the subgenera Artemisia (A. vulgaris, A. selengensis) and Seriphidium (A. schrenkiana, A. nitrosa) was revealed. Due to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, wormwood essential oils can be used to treat cardiovascular diseases, digestive disorders, Alzheimer’s disease, and acute respiratory diseases.
E. V. Golosova1,2, O. V. Shelepova3, V. A. Nadtochenko4, E. I. Golosova1, Yu. V. Plugatar1 1Nikita Botanical Gardens - National Scientific Centre of the RAS, Yalta, Russia 2Saint Petersburg State Forest Engineering University named after S. M. Kirov, St. Petersburg, Russia 3The N. V. Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden of RAS, Moscow, Russia 4N. N. Semenov Federal Research Center of Chemical Physics RAS, Moscow, Russia
Keywords: Pinus L, elemental analysis, Raman spectrometry, carotenoids, anthocyanins, polyamine spermine
This study is devoted to the assessment of pine plants of urban and suburban plantings in Moscow and Beijing in order to diagnose the adaptation of three pine species (Pinus sylvestris L., P. mugo Turra and P. tabuliformis Carr.) to abiotic stress occurring in urban environments. Non-invasive biochemical measurements of pine needles using Raman spectrometry (Raman microscopy-spectroscopy), allowed us to register changes in their biochemical composition that are not yet manifested externally. The accumulation of carotenoids, anthocyanins and polyamine spermine was observed in the needles of P. sylvestris under prolonged abiotic stress (anthropogenic air pollution). The observed response of pine plants to in vivo stress was further confirmed by common destructive chemical extraction methods. The accumulation of macro- and microelements was observed in the needles of P. sylvestris growing on the territory with maximum anthropogenic load compared to background values: maximum levels of Fe, Cu, Mn, Cr, Cr, Ni, Ag, Pb, Ba and Cd exceeding background values by 2.7-23.5 times. The analysis of Raman spectra allows us to recommend the method of microsopy Raman spectroscopy for high-throughput stress phenotyping of urban pine plantations. The ranking of the analyzed species by resistance to urban conditions resulted in the following series Pinus tabuliformis → Pinus sylvestris ≈ Pinus mugo.
A. P. Kuklin, G. Ts. Tsybekmitova, B. B. Bazarova
Institute of Natural Resources, Ecology and Cryology SB RAS, Chita, Russia
Keywords: indicator species, Fontinalis antipyretica, Rhynchocypris lagowskii, Cladophora fracta, heavy metals, biomonitoring
The article presents an analysis of pollution of surface waters of the middle reaches of the Gazimur River by heavy metals in the area of the Bystrinsky mining and Processing Plant (Zabaikalsky Krai, Russia). Plants have been studied as indicators of pollution: Fontinalis antipyretica Hedw, Ranunculus circinatus Sibnt., filamentous algae - Cladophora fracta (Müll. ex Vahl) Kütz. and Ulothrix zonata (Web. et. Mohr) Kütz., from fish - Rhynchocypris lagowskii (Dybowski, 1869), which are the most common macroscopic hydrobionts in the studied area. Heavy metals (HM) in water and hydrobionts were determined by atomic emission and mass spectral analysis methods. It was found that the values of the TM concentration in the studied organisms were close to the values from the watercourses of other regions of the Trans-Baikal Territory. At the same time, high concentrations of TM in the aquatic moss of F. antipyretica were detected for the watercourses of the Gazimur river basin, which was confirmed by calculating the coefficient of biogeochemical activity of the species. The calculation of the total pollution index in the indicator species showed that F. antipyretica has high values for rivers draining catchments with mining sites. For Rh. lagowskii, the highest coefficient values were determined in watercourses remote from mining areas. The results of water biomonitoring studies using hydrobionts make it possible for them to be constantly included in routine monitoring of the state of aquatic ecosystems along with existing hydrochemical monitoring of surface waters. In the future, attention should be paid to comparing the cumulative properties of aquatic plant species with other aquatic organisms to monitor the spread of TM pollutants through trophic chains.
Vitalii Valentinovich Tselishchev, Oxana Ivanovna Tselishcheva
Institute of Philosophy and Law, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: analytical philosophy, Quine, scientism, skeptical arguments, holism, thought experiments, naturalism
Quine’s philosophy is considered to be an important stage in the development of analytical philosophy. However, some researchers see in the philosophy of Quine and his followers “the decline of analytical philosophy in all but name.” The article discusses the reasons for this point of view by stating the incompatibility of the scientism of analytical philosophy and Quine’s thesis of the continuity of science and philosophy. It is shown that Quine’s thesis is based on an appeal to skeptical arguments that contradict the concept of scientism as such, since they include the following elements alien to science: holism (the Duhem-Quine thesis), the limitation of scientific and philosophical discourses to first-order logic, thought experiments (the “anthropological” argument about the uncertainty of radical translation), the revival of metaphysics (Quine’s criterion of existence and ontological obligations). The conclusion is made about the absence of scientism in Quine’s analytical philosophy as its essential characteristic. Although Quine’s advocacy of naturalism in philosophy is often considered as the evidence of its scientism, there are doubts about whether naturalism itself is compatible with analytical philosophy, as well as whether Quine is even an analytical philosopher in its current understanding.,
P.P. Kirschenmann1, A.V. Dumov2 1Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands 2State Academic University for the Humanities (GAUGN), Moscow, Russia
Vasiliy Anatolievich Mironov
Novosibirsk National Research State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: philosophy of science, theory of knowledge, philosophy of geology, observation, experiment
The article examines the problem of the limitations of empirical verification of geological hypotheses and shows how changes in researchers’ attitude towards this problem influenced the development of the philosophy of geology from the 19th to the 21st century.,
This article is a short essay in memory of the life and work of the outstanding contemporary philosopher of science, Professor Emeritus of the Faculty of Philosophy and Science at the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam - Peter Paul Kirschenmann.,
Kirill Aleksandrovich Rodin
Institute of Philosophy and Law, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: Wittgenstein, Artificial Intelligence, philosophy of mind, language games, metonymic trap, strong AI, black box, meaning as use
This review analyzes key themes from the first volume of “Wittgenstein and Artificial Intelligence.” It addresses the metonymic trap in AI discourse, contrasts Chomsky’s and Brandom’s objections to strong AI, examines neural network opacity, and demonstrates how Wittgenstein’s anti-representationalism offers unique solutions to AI’s philosophical dilemmas.,
