Home – Home – Jornals – "Philosophy of Education" 2026 number 1

This issue of the journal "Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics" includes articles based on papers presented at the International Symposium on Atmospheric Radiation and Dynamics (ISARD-2025).

Atmospheric aerosols are a significant factor of variations in the radiative balance, particularly for such regions as Central Siberia, where there are many anthropogenic and biogenic aerosol sources. However, the parameters and seasonal dynamics of aerosol radiative forcing in this region remain understudied. The aim of this work is to estimate the efficiency of aerosol radiative forcing ( RFE ) for the atmosphere of Central Siberia based on measurements of aerosol scattering and absorption coefficients at background ZOTTO station in 2007-2024. The atmospheric and underlying surface characteristics required for calculating RFE were taken from MERRA-2 reanalysis data. The resulting time series of RFЕ for ZOTTO station show strong day-to-day variability and a clearly pronounced seasonal cycle. Although the maximal concentrations of absorbing (soot) aerosol and, consequently, the maximal values of the aerosol absorption coefficient are observed in summer, the efficiency of aerosol forcing during this period is negative, with the characteristic RFЕ = -30 W/m². In winter, when aerosol concentrations and aerosol optical coefficients are substantially lower, the efficiency of aerosol forcing is positive and amounts to approximately +25 W/m²; the measurement-period mean RFE = -5 W/m². The change in the sign of aerosol forcing from positive to negative occurs in early May, and vice versa, in late October, which is primarily due to the seasonal change in the albedo of the underlying surface. The results can be used to refine predictions of regional climate changes in Siberia.

Atmospheric waves on a planetary scale play the main role in the formation of the atmosphere regime, and a polar vortex forms in the stratosphere in winter. A striking example of the interannual variability of the stratospheric polar vortex caused by stationary planetary waves is sudden stratospheric warming (SSW). The internal dynamics of major sudden stratospheric warming accompanied by displacement and splitting of the stratospheric polar vortex (SPV) was studied based on the MERRA-2 reanalysis data from the point of view of explicitly calculating nonlinear interactions of planetary waves with each other and with the mean flow to identify similar trends in the formation of SSW of various types. In particular, it is shown that the formation of a SSW with SPV splitting is not always accompanied by dominant variations in the wave activity of stationary planetary wave with zonal wavenumber 2 (SPW2), but is determined by the maximum interactions of SPW2 with the mean flow. It was obtained that the wave-wave interactions during the generation of secondary stationary planetary wave with zonal wavenumber 1 (SPW1) are maximal 1-2 weeks before, and during the generation of secondary SPW2, 5-10 days before a SSW with SPV displacement. The results aimed at identifying predictors of SSW formation are important due to the fact that SSW significantly affects the entire middle atmosphere, ionosphere, as well as weather conditions in the troposphere and the formation of extreme weather events.

Studying the spatial distribution and temporal variation in CH₄ concentration as a greenhouse gas is a relevant but difficult scientific task in the Arctic. Reanalysis data can serve an additional source of information, but they require regular validation. This study presents the results of an assessment of the reproduction of surface CH₄ concentration by CAMS global greenhouse gas reanalysis database version EGG4 in the Arctic region. Reanalysis data on the surface CH₄ concentrations variations are compared with continuous measurements at the research station “Ice Base Cape Baranova" (79°16' N, 101°45' E) in 2016-2020 on different time scales (interannual, seasonal, daily). It is found that reanalysis data reflect the interannual variability of surface CH₄ concentrations the worst. The seasonal variability of the CH₄ concentration is well described by the reanalysis data, the model amplitudes of the seasonal cycle are slightly higher than the actual ones. The comparison of the model and actual values of surface temperature and wind speed and direction are also carried out. Such verification of the CAMS database is useful before its subsequent using in regional-scale numerical modeling and other applied problems.

Solar thermal tides have a significant impact on global atmospheric circulation, making it important to study the various external factors that can influence their generation and propagation throughout the atmosphere. Using the mechanistic nonlinear numerical general circulation model of the middle and upper atmosphere (MUAM), this paper examines the influence of solar activity (SA) variations on the spatiotemporal structure of tides. Two ensembles of MUAM simulations of the global atmospheric circulation in January are considered, each consisting of 16 runs, corresponding to high and low SA. It is shown that with increasing solar forcing at high SA, the diurnal migrating tide (DW1) weakens in the altitude range 100-150 km and intensifies at higher altitudes. The analysis of the Eliassen-Palm (EP) fluxes demonstrates a significant correlation between changes in the vertical propagation of wave activity and the amplitude of DW1: downward flux increments generally correspond to tide weakening in the range 110-150 km, while upward flux increments correspond to strengthening of the tide above 150 km. The semidiurnal migrating tide (SW2) weakens at high SA at altitudes of up to 140 km in the Southern Hemisphere and 190 km in the Northern Hemisphere in the mid- and high-latitude thermosphere. This is accompanied by mainly weakening of the ascending EP fluxes. Above 200 km, SW2 amplitude in the Northern Hemisphere increases by a factor of 2-3 at high SA. Above 150 km in the thermosphere, the amplitude of the stationary planetary wave with zonal number 1 (SPW1) decreases at high SA, while the amplitude of the migrating tides increases. Taken together, this leads to a complex structure of changes in the amplitudes of non-migrating tides. As an important link in the dynamic relationship between atmospheric layers, tides, in particular, provide the distribution of the effect of changing solar forcing during varying solar activity across all atmospheric layers. Understanding the complex mechanisms of dynamic interactions between tides and atmospheric circulation is important for improving numerical forecasts of changes in atmospheric processes on various time scales, from days to decades.

A detailed study of the spatial distribution of aerosol sources is essential for understanding their impact on air quality and public health. The source fields of various atmospheric aerosol types arriving to the Middle Urals were estimated with the use of the analysis of the potential source contribution function. The initial data comprised information on the aerosol type obtained through the classification of aerosol particles based on the spectral values of atmospheric aerosol optical depth. The results demonstrate a clear spatial differentiation of atmospheric aerosol sources for the classes “dust” and “elevated smoke”. The proposed approach can significantly enhance the information provided by spectral ground-based photometric measurements, thus improving the accuracy of air quality assessments.

During disturbances in near-Earth space, disruptions in ground-based and satellite technological systems, including catastrophic failures, occur. Therefore, the problem of developing methods for real-time analysis and monitoring of the natural environment with acceptable accuracy is particularly pressing. This article explores a new automated method for detecting anomalies in neutron monitor (NM) observations. This method is based on the synthesis of wavelet decompositions with the rules of statistical decision theory; it enables the detection of anomalies in NM observations and the assessment of their intensity. Discrete wavelet decompositions with adaptive threshold functions are used to detect anomalies. The parameters of the threshold functions are automatically estimated (as data entered the processing system) using the rules of statistical decision theory. The application of these rules yielded a solution with an error not exceeding an a priori specified value. The intensity of anomalies in NM observations is then calculated by summing the amplitudes of wavelet coefficients exceeding the estimated thresholds. The paper studies periods of strong and extreme geomagnetic storms in 2024-2025. Correlations between Dst index and the intensity of anomalies in NM observations are analyzed. The results showed a significant increase in the correlation between the Dst index and the intensity of anomalies in neutron monitor observations during geomagnetic storms. The obtained correlations reached their maxima with a delay of several hours, demonstrating the importance of neutron monitor observations and their consideration when solving space weather problems. The results of the work can be used in space weather forecasting for the early detection of sporadic variations in the cosmic ray flux.

Monitoring and analysing the dynamics of ionospheric parameters allow one to detect disturbances that negatively impact technical systems. Problems of the timely detection of ionospheric disturbances are associated with a high degree of uncertainty in our prior knowledge about the dynamics of ionospheric processes during disturbed periods and the influence of interference and uneven observation network in certain areas. These issues necessitate the development of data recording and analysis methods that guarantee high accuracy and efficiency. The paper presents a new automated method for estimating the state of the ionosphere using ground-based vertical radiosonde data. This method combines elements of statistical decision theory and threshold estimation with wavelet transform. Numerical solutions constructed using this method are used in the Aurora interactive system (https://lsaoperanalysis.ikir.ru/lsaoperanalysis.html), which was developed at the Institute of Cosmophysical Research and Radio Wave Propagation, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences. The results of the implemented algorithms provide data on the state of the ionosphere over Kamchatka (calm or perturbed) and the parameters of ionospheric inhomogeneities in perturbed state. The algorithms are adaptive and do not require preliminary training. Data from the Paratunka (Russia, Kamchatka Region) and Wakkanai (Japan) stations were used to evaluate the method. The behaviour of the ionosphere during periods of strong geomagnetic storms in 2023-2024 was studied. The study confirmed the method efficiency in analysing ionospheric data and detecting inhomogeneities. Prior to the analysed events, signs of an anomalous increase in electron density in the ionosphere were identified. This is of significant practical importance. The suggested method can be used in ionospheric data analysis techniques for monitoring and forecasting space weather conditions, with the aim of timely detection of ionospheric disturbances.

A method for remote mapping of the sea surface temperature field (SST) in a cloudless and cloudy atmosphere has been proposed and tested based on SST measurements of MTVZA-GYa microwave radiometer from Meteor M satellite Nos. 2-2 and 2-4. The method includes the preliminary SST estimation using an artificial neural network (ANN) algorithm of multilayer perceptron type and statistical filtering of the preliminary estimates using climatic SST values calculated from the ERA5 reanalysis. The neural network algorithm uses antenna temperatures measured in five scanner channels of the MTVZA-GYa radiometer as predictors. Reference SST values from the open access ICOADS database are used to train the ANN. The statistical filtering procedure makes it possible to reduce the influence of clouds and precipitation in the satellite radiometer field of view and provides a root-mean-square error of the SST estimates on the order of 1.2-1.7 °C and a coefficient of determination of about 0.8-0.9 when compared with in situ observations. The proposed approach is applicable to operational global “all-weather" monitoring of sea surface temperature and can be adapted to analyze SST measurements of MTVZA-GYa type radiometers with improved technical and information characteristics.

This article addresses the problem of cloud detection in hyperspectral satellite images using an interpretable neural network classifier for partial cloudiness. For effective solution, the preliminary selection of spectral channels and derived features is performed using decision trees trained with labeled satellite data of the HYPERION sensor. The selected channels and features are then used for building a convolutional neural network based on a modified Unet architecture. Modifications to the original Unet architecture enable simplifying the network structure, avoiding overfitting, assessing the importance of spatial and spectral features, analyzing classification results, and explaining decision-making processes. Feature selection and evaluation of their importance are critical stages in developing adequate machine learning and deep learning models combined with the analysis of their generalization ability. The suggested feature selection method is based on iterative training of decision trees to identify significant features in terms of classification accuracy. The operation of the convolutional neural network is interpreted and the importance of spatial and spectral features is assessed by evaluating Shapley vectors. The results of testing a neural network with HYPERION images made over three surface types (ocean, vegetation, and urbanized territory) are presented; its accuracy and commission and omission errors are estimated. The model enables semantic segmentation of images with thin clouds with accuracy over 95% in selected spectral bands and with selected features. The importance of input features, caused by their distribution across spectral channels and the relative positions of pixels in an image, for the detection of thick and thin clouds in hyperspectral satellite images is analyzed. The presented neural network model is designed for working with limited data volumes, enables applying augmentation, and can be used to assess the importance of selected spectral channels and spatial features.

Soot aerosol from forest fires injected into the stratosphere can influence climate on a global scale, similar to volcanic aerosol. This paper examined the stratospheric loading with soot aerosol from forest fires in Eastern Siberia, as well as the occurrence of volcanic aerosol over Western Siberia. An episode of ground-based lidar observation in July 2022, where aerosol layers were detected in the stratosphere above Tomsk at approximately 11 km and 20-25 km is considered. The origin of these layers is analyzed using air mass trajectories with control of their aerosol content based on data from the CALIPSO satellite lidar and using atmospheric and surface sensing data from the Suomi-NPP and Himawari-8 satellites. It is shown that the sources of in the lower stratosphere aerosol loading at an altitude of about 11 km are the fires in Eastern Siberia, which led to the formation of powerful pyrocumulative clouds. The location and time of formation of these clouds are determined. It is also shown that the aerosol layers at altitudes 20-25 km are associated with the eruption of the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai volcano, which erupted in the Southern Hemisphere in January 2022. The results are of significant interest for predicting climate change on regional and global scales.

In order to study the dynamics of the Earth's atmosphere, it is of interest to examine the frequency content of geomagnetic field variations in the range of the sixteen-day atmospheric planetary wave period (from 14.5 to 18 days). The spectra of Earth's magnetic field variations recorded between 2000 and 2023 at three European mid-latitude magnetic observatories, the Belsk Observatory (eastern Europe), the Furstenfeldbruck Observatory (central Europe), and the Dourbes Observatory (western Europe), were analyzed. Using the Lomb-Scargle periodogram method, harmonics associated with the modulation effect of long-period variations and tidal effects were identified in the spectrum in the range from 14.5 to 18 days. The analysis showed that the spectral content of geomagnetic variations does not depend on the longitude of the observation point (the points are located at approximately the same latitude). Spectral harmonics caused by the modulation wave with a semiannual variation of the second harmonic of the sunspot rotation cycle and the declination tidal were identified. For the M_sf tidal wave, harmonics were identified due to the modulation effect of the 11-year solar activity cycle (Schwabe), the fourth harmonic of the 22-year solar activity cycle, and annual and semiannual variations. Spectral harmonics are clearly distinguished in the spectra, whose periods correspond to the modulation effect of the 11-year solar activity cycle, the fourth harmonic of the 22-year solar activity cycle, and annual and semiannual variations on the 16-day planetary wave. The spectral analysis results confirm the influence of processes observed in the lower neutral atmosphere on the dynamics of the upper atmosphere. The results can be used to develop atmospheric dynamics models.

The study of large-scale atmospheric processes, such as planetary waves, plays a crucial role in understanding the coupling between the lower and upper layers of the atmosphere. However, accurate modeling of these waves is challenging due to the heterogeneity and sparsity of observational data (both satellite and ground-based), as well as the high dimensionality of the parameter space when describing wave structures. In this paper, an approach to approximation of planetary waves with the use of the Two Strategy adaptive Artificial Bee Colony (TSaABC) algorithm based heterogeneous satellite and ground-based data is suggested. The TSaABC algorithm is used to optimize the parameters of a nonlinear spatiotemporal model representing atmospheric temperature data obtained from the Aura satellite (MLS) and three ground-based stations measuring hydroxyl OH(3, 1) emission bands. The temperature data are approximated using the sum of planetary wave harmonics with unknown parameters including amplitudes and wavenumbers, which are selected from a dictionary of harmonics. By solving the inverse problem of minimizing the data divergence and the L₁-norm of harmonic amplitudes, the method achieves approximation accuracy and sparsity in a large dictionary of harmonics. To solve the L1-minimization problem, a hard thresholding strategy was developed within the TSaABC algorithm. The use of a hard threshold value allows us to reduce the dimensionality of the solution search, thus inereasing computational efficiency. The results demonstrate the potential of the algorithm for assimilating heterogeneous data and improving the modeling of atmospheric processes.

An ecological explanation is proposed for the prevalence of eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3, EPA) in the lipids of primary producers in aquatic ecosystems, such as diatoms, and of alpha-linolenic acid (18:3n-3, ALA) in the lipids of primary producers in terrestrial ecosystems, specifically seed plants. Photosynthetic membranes are unique due to the presence of conical non-bilayer lipids, monogalactosyldiacylglycerols (MGDG), which are absent in both other plant cell membranes and animal cell membranes. The non-bilayer properties - specifically, the ability to form an inverted conical shape - of MGDG molecules are conferred by the acyl chains of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). When saturated chains are present, these molecules transform into regular cylindrical bilayer lipids. As structural lipids, MGDG determine essential physical and chemical properties of membranes, often collectively referred to as “fluidity”. These properties include molecular rotation rate, diffusion, permeability, free volume, packing defects, lateral pressure, and curvature stress, all of which influence the effectiveness of membrane protein function. The primary ecological feature of diatoms and other marine and freshwater algae of the “red” evolutionary line, which distinguishes them from green plants, is their ability to photosynthesise under rapid changes in light intensity. This occurs both during their circulation in the mixed surface layer of the water column and throughout the tidal cycle in the littoral zone. The common strategies for light adaptation in green plants - such as changes in chloroplast morphology and alterations in the number and structure of light-harvesting complexes and their antennae - are too slow for these dynamic conditions. Instead, light adaptation in diatoms is achieved through the rapid operation of the xanthophyll cycle (XC) and non-photochemical quenching. These processes occur several times faster than their counterparts in members of the “green” evolutionary line. The presence of a sufficient amount of conical non-bilayer structural lipids, specifically MGDG, is crucial for the effective functioning of the XC, as it facilitates the solubilization of xanthophylls and the incorporation of de-epoxidase into the membrane. It is likely that EPA within MGDG in diatoms plays a key role in the rapid operation of the XC by conferring the structural lipid molecules with the necessary inverted conical shape. This shape cannot be fully achieved by the less unsaturated shorter chain of ALA.

In recent decades, many freshwater and coastal marine ecosystems have experienced increased inputs of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) of terrestrial origin, primarily humic substances (HS). This phenomenon, commonly referred to in English-language literature as brownification, involves the darkening of water bodies due to elevated concentrations of colored organic compounds. The influx of HS into aquatic systems alters the optical, chemical, and trophic characteristics of the water column. This interdisciplinary review synthesizes current scientific knowledge on the effects of humic substances on phytoplankton primary production, trophic structure, and community composition under conditions of climate change. Key mechanisms are examined, including reduced light penetration, enhanced thermal stratification, nutrient transport, and the involvement of HS in redox processes. Evidence suggests that moderate humification can stimulate productivity through microbial degradation and photodecomposition of allochthonous organic matter, releasing additional nutrients. However, at high HS concentrations, photosynthetic activity declines, phytoplankton shift toward mixotrophy, and biodiversity decreases. Altered light spectra favor groups with accessory pigments and vertical mobility, such as cryptophytes, dinoflagellates, and cyanobacteria, potentially reducing ecosystem trophic efficiency. Ecosystem responses to humification vary with geographic, climatic, and morphometric characteristics of water bodies. Special attention is given to boreal and Arctic regions, where permafrost thaw and increased precipitation intensify HS runoff. Key research directions are identified, including thresholds of abrupt change, the role of mixotrophy in carbon cycling, and the development of region-specific adaptation strategies. The review underscores the importance of an integrated approach to assessing the ecological consequences of aquatic humification.

The results of DNA barcoding of Tubifex tubifex from various freshwater bodies within the Vychegda River basin (Komi Republic, Russia) are discussed. A molecular genetic analysis of 32 specimens collected from 14 locations, based on nucleotide sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (cox1) gene fragment, revealed six distinct lineages (A, B, C, D, E, J) exhibiting inter-lineage divergence exceeding 17-24 %. A significant correlation was identified between the genetic diversity of the species and habitat characteristics, including hydrological and hydrochemical parameters of water and sediments. The observed ecological differentiation supports the presence of heterogeneous adaptive traits within T. tubifex and highlights the importance of considering population genetic structure in ecological assessments of freshwater ecosystems.

The article analyzes retrospective literature data and the results of our own research on ichthyoplankton in the coastal waters of southeastern Crimea (the waters of the Karadag Nature Reserve) over the period 1950-2024. Samples were collected in the coastal zone using vertical and horizontal surface fishing methods. Information on taxonomic composition, structure, and abundance dynamics of ichthyoplankton are presented. During a 70-year research period, eggs and larvae of 66 fish species from 33 families were identified. The recovery of ichthyoplankton abundance and species composition after the collapse of the Black Sea ecosystem in the 1990s occurred against the background of climatic changes that significantly impacted the hydrological regime and thermohaline structure of waters in the Azov-Black Sea Basin. In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of species, including due to the introduction of Mediterranean species, and a change in the dominance and sub-dominance of species has occurred.

Structural and functional characteristics of plankton communities are widely used as ecological indicators of global ocean warming. In terms of long-term variability, they indicate the existence of monotonous negative, positive and “zero” trends, i. e. their absence. The latter can be considered as phenomena of regional resilience of plankton communities to global warming. Based on the materials of regional sampling and international databases, an analysis of the interannual variability of zooplankton biomass and indices of its species diversity in the Arabian, Mediterranean and Black seas (from 2000 to 2023) was carried out. For comparison, data on biomass measurements in five other regions of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans were used. It is shown that the duration of the existence of phenomena of regional stability of plankton communities ranges from several to tens of years, in a wide range of species diversity and biological productivity of waters. In most of the studied regions, the absence of interannual trends in zooplankton biomass corresponded to their absence in the interannual variability of chlorophyll a concentration as an indicator of phytoplankton biomass. Such a correspondence indirectly indicates a trophic basis for the interannual stability of zooplankton biomass.

The present study addresses seasonal dynamics of the abundance, size-age composition, and production of the larvae of the caddisfly Apatania crymophyla McLachlan, 1880, which form high-density aggregations on water moss in the thermally and hydrologically altered section of the Yenisei River downstream of the Krasnoyarsk Hydroelectric Plant dam (HEP). The abundance of the larvae inhabiting water moss was highest in October 2022 and 2023 and in August 2021. The maximal abundance of the larvae on moss varied between 1242 and 4037 ind.·kg^-1 of fresh moss, and the fresh biomass of the larvae varied from 1.78 to 3.15 g·kg^-1 of fresh moss. The level of water in the river affected the quantitative parameters and the number of generations of A. crymophila. In the 2022, when the water level was abnormally low, the number of new generations in the population was smaller and the production of the larval biomass over the season was lower (by a factor of 1.8) than in 2023, when the water level was close to the long-term annual average. Hence, the conditions in the thermally altered section of the Yenisei River downstream of the Krasnoyarsk HEP are favorable for the development of A. crymophila; one of these conditions is the abundance of aquatic moss in this section, which provides the invertebrates with resources favoring the maintenance of the high-density population. The results obtained show that the invertebrates inhabiting aquatic moss should be taken into account in the estimate of organic matter production in the Yenisei River.

The peculiarities of reproduction and population structure of the northern red-backed vole in the northern taiga of Western Siberia are considered. Rodent trapping was carried out in the snowless period using the method of ditch with pitfalls (guide fences made of polyethylene film) and trap-lines. A total of 2704 northern red-backed vole were recorded in the southern strip of northern taiga over a 9-year period and in the northern strip of northern taiga over a 4-year period. The reproductive participation of females was determined by the presence of embryos and placental scars, the participation of males by the presence of spermatozoa in the epididymis and the size of the testis. The age of voles was determined by M² root development, and mass, body length, and thymus development were used. Adult overwintered voles have a reproductive period of up to five months, and up to three months for young voles. Overwintered males remain sexually active throughout the entire snowless period. Overwintered females of the southern strip bring three litters, and young females two litters. Most overwintered females in the northern strip bring two litters, and in rare cases a third litter is possible, while young females bring two litters. In the southern strip in April-May, and in the northern strip in June, the northern red-backed vole population is represented exclusively by overwintered animals. In August and September are universally dominated by young. Males predominate among adults and young animals, only in late summer and autumn the numerical advantage is shifted towards females among overwintered animals.

The plague microbe (Yersinia pestis) is unique in the family of pathogens of intestinal infections of the family Yersiniaceae (Enterobacteriaceae) and the genus Yersinia. This is the only species of the family and genus that, in natural conditions, is transmitted in rodent populations not by an alimentary route, as typical intestinal pathogens, but by a transmissible way through flea bites, which indicates some unique circumstances of its speciation. Such a special circumstance was the wound infection in populations of the Mongolian marmot (Marmota sibirica) with the causative agent of pseudotuberculosis of the 1st serotype (Y. pseudotuberculosis O:1b) or, in other words, Far Eastern scarlet-like fever (FESLF). The abiotic trigger for speciation was the maximum Sartan cooling, which covered vast areas of Central Asia at the turn of the Pleistocene and Holocene, 22-15 thousand years ago. Deep freezing of the ground in the settlements of the Mongolian marmot led to a change in the behavior of the larvae of the marmot flea Oropsylla silantiewi - a transition to hematophagy on marmots during hibernation, which caused a massive penetration of the FESLF pathogen into the blood of marmots through wounds on the mucous membrane in the oral cavity, created by flea larvae. Aberrant resistant wound infection of marmots with FESLF caused change in gene flow and speciation of Y. pestis. According to the optimistic version of the environmental scenario, the speciation process took place autonomously in three geographical populations of marmots; almost simultaneously, three initial microbial subspecies 2.ANT3, 3.ANT2 and 4.ANT1 appeared, which later became the basis of the entire world intraspecific diversity of this pathogen.

The results of parasitologic and metagenomic study of two nests of the long-tailed gopher obtained in the Tuva mountain plague focus (Mongun-Taiga kozhun of the Tyva Republic) are presented. The fauna of blood-sucking arthropods of both nests was formed by fleas Citellophilus tesquorum Wagn., Frontopsylla elatoides Wagn., Rhadinopsylla li transbaikalica Ioff et Tifl., Oropsylla alaskensis Baker, Neopsylla mana Wagn. and ticks Haemogamasus mandschuricus Vitzthum and Hg. hodosi Goncharova et Buyakova. F. hetera Wagn., F. frontalis baikal Ioff were sporadically present in nest No. 1. According to the size, depth of occurrence, length of passage to the nest chamber, species composition and physiological state of ectoparasites, nests were defined as wintering nest No. 1 and reserve nest No. 2. According to the results of metagenomic analysis, nest community No. 1 contained 64.2 % of Proteobacteria phyla (Allorhizobium - 22.8 %, Aureimonas - 9.71 % and Methylobacterium - 7.68 %), 35 % of Actinobacteria (including Brachybacterium - 3.8 %, Amycolatopsis - 3.33 %, Brevibacterium - 1.76 %), 0.8 % of Firmicutes (Staphylococcus). In the sample from nest No. 2, 87.1 % of sequenced sequences belonged to Actinobacteria phyla (Brachybacterium - 51.0 %, Brevibacterium - 19.6 % and Nocardioides - 7.4 %), 12.8 % to Firmicutes (Staphylococcus), 0.08 % to Proteobacteria (Methylobacterium). Possible reasons for the differences in the composition of nest bacterial communities are discussed.

Extreme weather events change the diurnal and seasonal variations in CO₂ fluxes between the forest and the above surface atmosphere. The analysis of interannual variability of net CO₂ exchange (NEE), total ecosystem respiration (TER), gross ecosystem photosynthesis (GEP) and evapotranspiration (ET) in a cowberry-lichen pine forest of the middle taiga subzone was performed under different weather conditions during the 2021-2023 growing season. According to measurements by eddy covariance system, in the pine forest over three years of observations, the total NEE in May-August varied from -653 to -980 g CO₂/m², GEP varied from 1711 to 2360 g CO₂/m², TER - from 913 to 1380 g CO₂/m². The total evapotranspiration corresponded to 137-262 mm, and the GEP/ET ratio varied within 1.8-3.9 mgC/g H₂O. As a result of multi-level statistical analysis, a correlation GEP with gross radiation, temperature and humidity in the growing season was revealed. A relationship between GEP and air temperature and humidity characteristics of the growing season was revealed. GEP and NEE decreased at abnormally high temperatures and a long absence of precipitation in the first half of the 2021 growing season. Maximal effect of air temperature on ecosystem CO₂ exchange was observed in 2023 at increased supply of soil moisture. It was concluded that the water reserve in the soil mitigates the negative effect of atmospheric moisture deficit in the summer on photosynthesis and evapotranspiration and thereby ensures a stable seasonal net sink of CO₂ in the ecosystem of the cowberry-lichen pine forest of the middle taiga subzone.

Understanding the relationship between the conditions prevailing in anthropogenic altered soils and the diversity of the soil microbiome can provide important information for assessing the state and solving the problem of maintaining the stability of natural and man-made ecosystems. Using high-throughput Illumina sequencing, the diversity and composition of bacteria, archaea, and fungi in the soils of five different phytocenoses within the Meshcherskaya Lowland (Southern Moscow region), as one of the most industrially saturated regions in the country, were analyzed. The results showed a reduction in taxonomic richness and a decrease in phylogenetic diversity and alignment of microbial communities during the transition from the soil of a conventionally background site to soils of secondary phytocenoses and soils associated with man-made objects - an overgrown phosphogypsum dump and an industrial wastewater discharge site. Representatives of 28 bacterial and 1 archaeal phylum were identified in the prokaryotic component of the microbiomes of the studied soils. The dominant position was occupied by the phylum Actinomycetota (relative abundance 21-30 %) and Pseudomonadota (16-19 %). The taxonomic composition of the fungal component of the communities was dominated by Ascomycota (53-74 %), represented by the classes Dothideomycetes, Sordariomycetes, Eurotiomycetes, and Leotiomycetes. Representatives of Basidiomycota in the soils of different phytocenoses accounted for from 16 to 29 % of all identified fungal taxa. The most numerous among the basidiomycetes were the classes Tremellomycetes, Agaricomycetes, and Microbotryomycetes. Using the FAPROTAX software package for predicting the ecological functions of bacterial and archaeal taxa obtained by sequencing 16S rRNA amplicons, as well as the automatic FUNGuild algorithm for sorting by ecologically significant categories of the fungal taxa identified during ITS amplicon sequencing, the ecological profiles of the studied microbial communities were characterized. The data obtained can be used in the environmental monitoring system of impact zones of industrial enterprises.

Biosorption is a promising method for preventing REE migration in natural environments and for their purification, and microscopic fungi are considered effective biosorbents. The article is devoted to studying the biosorption capacity of soil microscopic fungi in relation to REE in aqueous solutions. The dyna`mics of adsorption was studied using the example of lanthanum by the biomass of micromycetes Penicillium canescens and Talaromyces funiculosus depending on the contact time and its concentration in the solution. It was found that adsorption equilibrium in the fungal biomass - aqueous lanthanum solution system occurs within 24 hours, the T. funiculosus biomass demonstrated a higher sorption capacity. Lanthanum adsorption is more intense at medium acidic pH values of solutions; the maximum lanthanum sorption for 24 hours was noted at pH 3.1 by P. canescens biomass. It was revealed that REE with larger ionic radii are extracted more effectively, they more actively occupy free sorption centers with the formation of complexes. With prolonged interaction of REE with fungal biomass, nanoparticles are formed, the composition of which is close to monazite. According to IR spectroscopy data, the REE sorption centers are amide, carboxyl, amine and phosphate groups of the fungal cell wall. The presence of many ionogenic groups determines the high sorption capacity of the fungal cell wall. Intermolecular modeling of the interaction of lanthanum with amino acid residues of fungal cell wall proteins revealed that proteins form strong complexes by complex formation of REE with amino acid residues, where the active centers are glutamic and aspartic amino acids.

Based on the results of microbial indication for 2023 and 2024, it was established that Avacha Gulf and the southwestern coast of Kamchatka are subject to significant oil pollution. The number of hydrocarbon-oxidizing microorganisms at most of the studied stations was 10³ CFU/ml (g) and higher. The results of molecular genetic analysis identifying marker bacterial genes for the oxidation of alkanes (ALK-1, ALK-2, ALK-3) and PAHs (nah, phn, bphA1, xylE, GN-PAH, GP-PAH) in the environment indicated the dominance of bacteria capable to oxidize short- and medium-chain alkanes in the surface waters of Avacha Gulf in 2023, and bacteria that are potential destructors of medium- and long-chain alkanes in the waters of the southwestern coast of Kamchatka. Also, the waters of both areas were characterized by a significant presence of gram-negative bacteria that oxidize various types of PAHs. In 2024, the proportion of stations with bacteria that degrade phenanthrene and short-chain alkanes sharply decreased in Avacha Gulf, but the proportion of stations with microorganisms that oxidize long-chain alkanes increased. An increase in the proportion of water samples with bacterial biphenyl oxidation genes and PAH oxidation genes of gram-negative microbiota was noted for the southwestern coast of Kamchatka. In bottom sediment samples collected in 2023 from both study areas, the genes responsible for PAH oxidation by gram-positive microbiota and for the degradation of long-chain alkanes were most often detected. Analysis of bottom sediment samples collected in 2024 indicated a decrease in the proportion of stations with microorganisms capable of oxidizing various petroleum hydrocarbons in both study areas.

The accidental diesel fuel spill near the city of Norilsk in 2020 served as the basis for studying the behavior of hydrocarbons in Far Northern soils, which are characterized by a low rate of natural self-purification. The objective of this study is to determine the direction of transformation in the composition of diesel fuel hydrocarbons in various soil types, which is important for optimizing remediation measures for petroleum pollution in the Arctic zone of Russia. Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, the distribution of diesel fuel components - including normal and isoprenoid alkanes, alkylcyclohexanes, bicyclic naphthenes, alkyl-substituted benzene derivatives of normal and isoprenoid structures, naphthalenes, and phenanthrenes - was analyzed in Arctic soils differentiated by distance from the spill site and time elapsed since the accident. Differences in hydrocarbon composition in the vertical soil profile were identified, reflecting the pathways of contamination and the specific soil types. In sandy and waterlogged alluvial-gley soils near the spill site, downward percolation of diesel fuel led to an increased proportion of high-molecular-weight and branched hydrocarbons, attributed to exclusion chromatography effects during filtration through the soil. Transport of diesel fuel along the watercourse resulted in the loss of low-molecular-weight members across all homologous hydrocarbon series due to leaching and evaporation during aquatic migration. The deposition of residual diesel components in floodplain sod-alluvial-gley soils was accompanied by mixing in the upper soil layers, while the lower profile showed accumulation of isoprenoid alkanes, alkylbenzenes, bicyclic naphthenes, naphthalenes, and phenanthrenes with a higher content of low-molecular-weight fractions. One year after the diesel fuel entered the watercourse, redistribution of contaminants was observed in the floodplain sod-alluvial-gley soil profile under the influence of seasonal hydrodynamic processes, including the influx of a new portion of pollutants during spring floods. Traces of the initial contamination persisted only in the deeper soil layers.

Introduction. The relevance of this study stems from the need for a methodological understanding of the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies into education in response to the global challenges of the 21st century. The aim of this article is to analyze the evolution and legal consolidation of the concept of lifelong education in Russia and to substantiate its role as a systemic foundation for the implementation of AI and industrial engineering. Methodology. The study is based on a retrospective analysis of regulatory documents and scientific literature, as well as a systemic and comparative analysis to identify the relationship between the principles of lifelong education and technological solutions. Discussion. It is shown that the legislatively enshrined principle of continuity, implemented through formal, non-formal, and informal education, generates a methodological demand for personalization, flexibility, and accessibility. Five key contemporary challenges (speed of change, personalization, format integration, accessibility, and goal setting) are identified. AI offers an instrumental response, while industrial engineering serves as an operational mechanism for personalization and a new educational literacy. Conclusion. It is concluded that the concept of lifelong learning is not only a legal principle but also a necessary methodological framework that provides meaning and direction for technological integration. In accordance with the concept of lifelong learning, artificial intelligence ceases to be an accompanying technological attribute, becoming the architectural core of a new model of lifelong learning. AI tools provide the necessary mechanisms for implementing its core principles: adaptability, personalization, integration, and inclusiveness. However, the effectiveness of human interaction with this complex technological environment is determined by mastery of a new tool-industrial engineering. Research prospects include developing industrial engineering didactics and creating pedagogical models where AI serves as the architectural core of a system supporting individual educational trajectories throughout life.

Introduction. Large-scale international relations determine the adjustment of the forms and content of the educational process. The results of the ongoing transformations are new social, ethical, axiological, political and other aspects that have a significant impact on the fundamental knowledge development and the transmission of socially significant information. In this regard, the possibilities of using humanitarian education as a key factor determining the vector of dynamic processes of “soft power” in the social processes context are analyzed. The research methodology includes a structural and functional approach to the analysis of the “soft power” concept based on an analytical and descriptive methodology, which outlines the prospects for the higher education development through the soft-power influence of humanitarian education. Discussion. “Soft power” is a specific mechanism that can have an indirect effect on social relations and at the same time act as a communicative factor. It should be noted that the humanities have a distinctive feature in comparison with applied disciplines, since the main subject is the person himself, involved in a complex system involving various connections and relationships. Detachment from precise structures indicates the presence of “soft power” both in the interaction of humanitarian disciplines and in relation to the external environment, exerting a direct influence on an individual or a social group. In this context, the study of the humanities from the “soft power” point of view should be considered in a wide range of influences on the moral, social and spiritual activities of the individual. Conclusion. Based on the conducted research, the basic principles of the “soft power” of humanitarian education have been identified. The fundamental ones are communication skills, reasonableness and ideological orientations. Thus, if it turns out to be possible to expand the approach in which the importance of humanitarian education will grow rapidly, then this will contribute to the expansion of the “soft power” that can strengthen the complex of social values.

Introduction. The classical ideal of education, originating from the Enlightenment, is oriented towards the formation of an autonomous, rational, and self-sufficient subject. The modern reality of digital networks, algorithmic platforms, and radical social interdependence calls this ideal into question, demanding new conceptual metaphors to describe the educational subject. The purpose of the article is to rehabilitate the figure of the marionette as a productive philosophical-pedagogical model that allows us to rethink subjectivity in terms of conscious connectedness rather than illusory autonomy. Methodology. The study is based on the methodological convergence of historical-philosophical analysis (from H. von Kleist to S. Obraztsov), the social-constructivist paradigm (P. Bourdieu, M. Foucault, B. Latour), and pedagogical anthropology. The methodological foundation is an approach analogous to E. Gombrich’s “objectification of illusion”, transferred from art history to the sphere of education to demystify the processes of subjectivity formation. Discussion. A deconstruction of the negative connotation of the marionette as a symbol of manipulation has been carried out. Instead, it is proposed to consider its “strings” as multiple connections (social, technological, discursive) that constitute the possibility of any action. Using the theatrical practice of S. Obraztsov as a case study, it is shown how the principle of objectifying perception allows for a shift from the myths of “humanistic” spontaneity or “constructivist” total control to precise work with techniques and conventions. This principle is extrapolated to university education, the task of which is not to deny determinacies but to transform them into an object of critical reflection and instrumental mastery. Conclusion. The marionette is proposed as a new metaphor for the “competent subject,” skilled in the art of mapping, adjusting, and ethically using its own “strings.” The pedagogy of conscious connectedness, derived from this model, aims to form not a “free individual” but a “virtuoso of mediations,” capable of navigating a complex world of objective patterns of influence. This opens the prospect for developing educational methodologies that enhance metacognitive reflection and responsible participation in network interactions.

Introduction. The modern post-industrial information and communication society is increasingly conditioned by the presence of a media reality, in which reality and its technogenic appearance are being transformed. In this regard, it is necessary to note that distinguished Russian scholars, rightfully enjoying high public authority and recognition, pay close attention to the study of the axiological imperatives of media reality and media society as a “second reality””. Russian President Vladimir Putin emphasizes that the media space is the foundation of national independence, the sovereignty of which plays a key role, serving not only as a channel of information but also as a powerful instrument for influencing spiritual, moral, and value guidelines. The purpose of this article is a philosophical reflection on the monograph “Media Axiology of the “Second Reality”” with the need to identify the value foundations of the axiological system of the media space and emphasize the humanistic-value complex of the axiological constant of media society. The methodology of axiological subjectivism is used as the basis for the search for the value foundations of the media society as a “second reality”, in which the categories of “second reality”, “fluid media”, “digital media society”, “value verification”, “media solidarity”, and others are subjected to theoretical understanding. A discussion of the two sections of the monograph, “Disciplinary Identity of Media Axiology” and “Media Axiology as a Platform for Value Analysis of the “Second Reality””, allowed us to identify in the media space not only new branches of science and production, new forms and content of knowledge, methods of obtaining a profession, opportunities for cognitive activity, but also modern technologies for influencing mass consciousness, humanitarian technologies for the formation of the necessary value foundations of the media sphere. The main properties of media axiology are emphasized, necessary as a countermeasure to the negative tendencies of the “second reality” affecting society, especially in the sphere of cognitive practices. Conclusion. Comments and suggestions regarding the conceptualization of the general paradigm of media axiology in the author’s version have been developed.

Introduction. The changing channels of information perception among the modern generation, as well as the crisis of cultural authorities in the digital environment, necessitate a review of pedagogical strategies. To this end, the authors attempt to identify the specific mechanisms of influence of the spiritual and patriotic actors inherent in the discipline of Art History. The research methodology is based on a dialectical approach, which is based on a combination of theoretical tools (literature analysis, theoretical synthesis) and theoretical and empirical methods in the course of art history (historical method, semiotic method, hermeneutic method, the principle of complementarity, practical synthesis, or the pedagogical activities of the authors of the article, which reveal the spiritual and moral actors of art and their correlation with the worldview positions of the recipients, which serves as an indicator of the students’ value orientations). Discussion. The study has revealed that the functioning of spiritual and patriotic actors has been modified in the digital age, leading to new forms of representation and interpretation of art through multimedia environments. These modifications are often negative. The analysis has shown that spiritual and patriotic actors in the history of art are fundamental structures that mediate the connection between artistic heritage and the formation of national identity. Conclusion. In a broad sense, the discipline of Art History itself appears as a value-based recursion, revealing the spiritual and patriotic aspect of value as part of itself, while simultaneously opening up new perspectives for strengthening national identity.

The nothospecies Galatella × tzvelevii Vasjukov et Saksonov (Asteraceae), derived from a hybridization of G. biflora (L.) Nees × G. villosa (L.) Rchb. f., was described in 2015 from a single flowering specimen in the Samara Region. While working at the I.I. Sprygin Herbarium (RKM) of Penza State University, we discovered another specimen of this nothospecies, designated here as the epitype of the name of this taxon. Characters supplementing the morphological description of the nothospecies given in the protologue, as well as characteristics of the parental species, are discussed. A new locality for G. × tzvelevii from the Republic of Bashkortostan is also presented.

Siberian iris Iris sibirica L. (Iridaceae) is known as a species included in many regional Red Books and has valuable ornamental and medicinal properties. The lack of a unified approach to overcoming dormancy, which is characteristic to varying degrees of mature seeds of many iris species, usually complicates their micropropagation. This study allowed us to determine the conditions that facilitate the germination of both mature and immature seeds of I. sibiricain vitro culture. The effect of 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BAP) on the morphogenetic potential of I. sibirica was assessed, which made it possible to create a protocol for effective microclonal propagation of the species. Data were obtained on the stimulation of I. sibirica seed germination in order to obtain adventitious shoot formation by direct organogenesis without callus formation. It was found that the use of cytokinin 6-BAP at a concentration of 1 mM is most effective for obtaining, on average, 3-4 adventitious shoots in seedlings obtained from immature seeds, as well as for increasing the energy of seed germination regardless of their maturity. At a low concentration of cytokinin, no violation of the ability of adventitious shoots to rhizogenesis was noted, which made it possible to obtain microclones with a well-developed root system when transplanted to a hormone-free medium. The deposition of microclones for 2 months at a low temperature allowed increasing the survival rate of regenerated plants to 86.5 % when they were subsequently transferred to ex vitro conditions. The plants developed at an accelerated rate, which allowed most seedlings to bloom in the second year after transplantation to the introduction site. This work is relevant for obtaining a large amount of plant material, both for further study and for preserving the species in vitro and ex situ , given that the habitats of I. sibirica are subject to anthropogenic impact and some populations listed in the Red Books have not been found again.

The pine and small-leaved pine grass forests of the North-Western Caucasus are proposed to be considered as part of a special subzonal geographical type - the European-Siberian hemiboreal forests. The results of the analysis of the spectrum of phytocenotic groups demonstrated the highest importance of light-depending mesophilous species of subalpine-forest and “betular” (related to birch forests) phyto-cenoenotic elements, as well as the important role of subalpine species along with the weak participation of shade-tolerant nemoral plant species. The results of the geographical analysis of the floristic composition revealed the predominance of widespread species (of Eurasian, European-Siberian and West Palearctic chorological groups), as well as endemic Caucasian taxa. According to the proposed concept of the genesis of the Caucasian hemiboreal forests, the high level of endemism is a consequence of their autochthonous floro-genesis at the upper boundary of the forest belt in the Pliocene. At the same time, the significant participation of European-Siberian, Western Palearctic and Eurasian chorological groups is the result of active migrations of plant species in hemiboreal forests predominated during the Quaternary period in forest and forest-steppe zones of Northern Eurasia.

New syntaxa are described, validation of alliance is carried out. New data on the distribution of plant communities, their ecology and composition are given. Alliance Carici supinae-Stipion zalesskii Korolyuk all. nov. Holotypus - ass. асс. Artemisio austriacae-Stipetum capillatae Schubert, Jager et Mahn ex Korolyuk 2014. Diagnostic species (D. s.): Artemisia austriaca , Carex supina , Festuca valesiaca , Potentilla humifusa , Seseli ledebourii , Stipa capillata , S. zalesskii. The alliance unites bunchgrass typical steppes of the steppe zone of the Trans-Volga-Kazakhstan steppe province (Lavrenko et al., 1991). It is characterized by prevalence of widespread steppe xerophytes, including bunchgrasses. Three associations within the alliance have been described. Ass. Artemisio austriacae-Stipetum capillatae Schubert, Jager et Mahn ex Korolyuk 2014 - bunchgrass typical steppes of Western Siberia, the Urals, the Southern Urals, the Trans-Urals, and Northern Kazakhstan. D. s.: Artemisia austriaca , Carex supina , Festuca valesiaca , Potentilla humifusa , Seseli ledebourii , Stipa capillata , S. zalesskii . Ass. Artemisio nitrosae-Festucetum valesiacae Zolotareva, Korolyuk et Makunina 2023 - steppes on sandy soils. D. s.: Artemisia nitrosa , Camphorosma monspeliaca , Kochia prostrata . Ass. Gypsophilo paniculatae-Artemisietum glaucae Korolyuk 2014 Zolotareva, Korolyuk et Makunina 2023 - steppes on sandy soils. D. s.: Artemisia frigida , A. marschalliana , Cleistogenes squarrosa , Gypsophila paniculata , Helichrysum arenarium , Silene borysthenica , S. borysthenica . A new association is described in the class Salicetea herbaceae Br.-Bl. 1948, the order Salicetalia herbaceae Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et Jenny 1926 and the alliance Saxifrago stellaris-Oxyrion digynae Gjaerevoll 1950. Ass. Hymenolomo crispuli-Salicetum polaris Sinelnikova ass. nov. (Suppl., Table 2) - snowbed communities of the class Salicetea herbaceae Br.-Bl. 1948 in the highlands of the south-eastern spurs of the Chersky ridge (Magadan Region). D. s.: Anthelia juratzkana , Bistorta elliptica , Carex podocarpa , Hymenoloma crispulum , Lagotis minor , Salix polaris. The association includes two subassociations - typicum (Suppl., Table 1, rel. 1-24) and rhodioletosum quadrifidae (Suppl., Table 1, rel. 24-37). A new association is described in the class Festucetea vaginatae Soό 1957, the order Festucetalia vaginatae Soό 1957 and the alliance Sileno borysthenicae-Cleistogenion squarrosaeKorolyuk 2017. Ass. Kitagawio baicalensis-Festucetum beckeri Chupina ass. nov. (Suppl., Table 3) - psammophytic steppes on the terraces of the right bank of the Ob river. D. s.: Kitagawia baicalensis , Melilotus albus , Vicia amoena , Vincetoxicum sibiricum , Hippophae rhamnoides. The article presents new data on the distribution of the associations from the class Therosalicornietea Tx. in Tx. et Oberd. 1958: Salicornietum perennantis (Soó ex Wendelberger 1943) Soó 1964 nom. corr. (Suppl., Table 3, 4), Salicornio perennantis-Suaedetum salsae Freitag, Golub et Yuritsina 2001 (Suppl., Table 5), Suaedetum kulundensis Korolyuk 2010 (Suppl., Table 6), Suaedetum salsae Golub et Tchorbadze in Golub 1995 (Suppl., Table 7), Artemisio nitrosae-Camphorosmetum songoricae Korolyuk 1999 (Suppl., Table 8), Suaedetum corniculatae Burtseva in Mirkin et al. 1992 (Suppl., Table 9), Suaedo corniculatae-Camphorosmetum songoricae Korolyuk 1999 (Suppl., Table 10).

The freshwater benthic alga Hydrurus foetidus (Villars) Trevisan was first found in the Iy-Khem River in the Todzha Basin of the Tyva Republic. Geographically, the species is widespread, but it usually grows only in cold waters. The recorded occurrence of H. foetidus in waters with a temperature of 20-21 °C significantly expands our understanding of the ecological distribution of this species. The first discovery of the species in the waters of the Todzha Basin adds to our knowledge of the diversity of algae in the Tyva Republic.

The flora of Omsk Region remains insufficiently and unevenly studied. This is confirmed by numerous findings made during floristic research, which determines the relevance of continuing flora inventory work. The article presents the results of studies of the vascular plant flora of the region for the period 2013-2024. The work was carried out within the framework of the “Flora of Asiatic Russia 2.0” project and is based on field data and verified observations from the iNaturalist platform. For the first time in the region, 28 species and 5 hybrids have been identified, of which 12 species and 4 hybrids are native, while 16 species and 1 hybrid are adventive. Among adventive species, ergasiophygophytes (11 species) predominate, while by degree of naturalization, epecophytes (6 species), ephemerophytes (4 species), colonophytes and ephemerophyte-epecophytes (3 species each) are distinguished. Additional studies are required on the distribution of Sorbus aucuparia L. and Leucanthemum ircutianum DC. in the region. Widely cultivated species ( Cucurbita maxima Duchesne, C. pepo L., Solanum lycopersicum L., S. tuberosum L.) occasionally become wild and persist for a short time near cultivation sites (garden plots, individual residential areas) and landfills. Four rare species have been proposed for inclusion in the Red Book of Omsk Region: Dianthus krylovianus Juz., Astragalus lagobromus Knjaz. & Kulikov, Bupleurum aureum Fisch. and Eremogone koriniana (Fisch. ex Fenzl) Ikonn . The study results significantly expand the known vascular plants flora of Omsk Region, this is of great importance for biodiversity conservation and planning of environmental protection measures.

The article contains personal memories of meetings with the outstanding botanist Andrey Pavlovich Khokhryakov (1933-1998), which had a significant influence on the author’s professional path. It describes striking moments of joint expeditions, seminars, and scientific discussions that reveal the unique talent and personal qualities of the scientist. The article provides information about Khokhryakov’s contributions to various fields of botany and emphasizes the significance of his ideas and work for modern science.

The review of publications (106 sources) on the history of the Central Siberian Botanical Garden of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences for the period from the moment of the first newspaper appeals about the organization of the botanical garden in Novosibirsk (1939, 1945) to the present is given. The publications are organized into blocks on general history, memorial dedications, the history of scientific fields and/or laboratories, and the memoirs of employees. The review of historical literature makes it possible to evaluate the contribution of four generations of researchers and staff of the Botanical Garden to the organization of botanical science in the conditions of the Soviet period, during the “perestroika period” and in the first decades of the new century. The collected materials are the basis for the work of the “Botanical Museum of Siberia” to preserve the history of the Central Siberian Botanical Garden SB RAS.