The article presents an original methodology for constructing a structural model of an oil and gas field, focused on the consistent integration of drilling and seismic data represented in different domains—depth and time. To address the problem of reconciling heterogeneous data, the use of three-dimensional approximation methods—3D splines and joint cokriging—is proposed, within which drilling and seismic data are combined in a single variable space. This approach simplifies the workflow for structural model construction by eliminating the need for explicit generation of average velocity maps or the introduction of corrections to regression relationships. A comparison is also performed of the quality of structural models obtained using the proposed methods—3D spline approximation and joint cokriging—with results produced by traditional approaches, including linear regression and methods based on average velocity maps constructed in various ways. The comparison is based on error analysis using cross-validation techniques. It is shown that the best results are provided by the 3D spline method, which has not previously been applied to structural mapping problems. Comparable accuracy is demonstrated by the traditional approach based on linear regression followed by structural map correction using interpolation and adjustments. The results are demonstrated using the example of modeling the depth of the top of the Bazhenov Formation at the Kazan oil and gas condensate field. The high drilling density made it possible to assess the accuracy of different structural modeling methods under varying levels of well data availability, characteristic of different stages of field development.
1 Institute of Precambrian Geology and Geochronology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 2 Saint Petersburg Mining University, St. Petersburg 3 Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 4 State Key Laboratory of Continental Evolution and Early Life, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Early Life and Environments, Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi'an
Keywords: LITHOLOGY, FORMATION, REGIONAL STAGE, PALAEONTOLOGY, MICROFOSSILS, STRATIGRAPHY, EAST EUROPEAN PLATFORM, VENDIAN, EDIACARIAN, CAMBRIAN
In order to revise the Upper Vendian and Lower Cambrian stratigraphy in the northwest of Russia, a lithological and paleontological study was conducted for the Geolkom, Taitsy-2, Utkina Zavod'-1 reference drill-core sections in central part of the Baltic-Ladoga monocline of the East European Platform. The strata have been subdivided into the Staraya Russa (Redkino Regional Stage), Vasilevskiy Ostrov (Kotlin Regional Stage), Lomonosov and Siverskaya (Kotlin – undivided Rivne-Lontova Interval) formations. The uppermost Upper Member of the Vasilevsky Ostrov Formation is missing in the Geolkom drill-core stratotype section, where the Kotlin Regional Stage is unconformably overlain by Quaternary deposits. A complete section in the Taitsy-2 drill-core section (depths 318-188 m) is here suggested as a hypostratotype of the Vasilevsky Ostrov Formation. Taking into account that the Lomonosov Formation was erected without a designated stratotype, the further suggest the Taitsy-2 drill-core section (depths 188-126 m) as its lectotype. The Vendian–Cambrian boundary is placed in the mid-section of the Lomonosov Formation Lower Member marked by the Kotlin Fossil Assemblage (strata with Aataenia reticularis - Bicuspidata fusiformis - Vanavarataenia insolita) being replaced by the Rivne-Lontova Fossil Assemblage (strata with Ceratophyton sp. - Teophipolia lacerata). The lowermost Redkino Fossil Assemblage (strata with Tynnia precambrica - Zinkovioides inclusus) hosts elements of the Ediacaran-type acanthomorphic biota (Tanarium aff. T. conoideum, Mengeosphaera sp.), which is not typical for central and western regions of the East European Platform.
A.A. Shchetnikov1,2*, A.Yu. Kazansky1,3, N.E. Berdnikova4, I.M. Berdnikov4, I.A. Filinov1,2, V.V. Ivanova5, G.A. Danukalova6, E.M. Osipova6, F.I. Khenzykhenova7, O.D. Namzalova7, D.G. Malikov8 1Institute of the Earth's Crust, SB RAS, Irkutsk, Russia 2Vinogradov Institute of Geochemistry, SB RAS, Irkutsk, Russia 3Geological Institute, RAS, Moscow, Russia 4Irkutsk State University, Irkutsk, Russia 5Institute of Precambrian Geology and Geochronology, RAS, St. Petersburg, Russia 6Institute of Geology, Ufa Federal Research Centre RAS, Ufa, Russia 7Geological Institute SB RAS, Ulan-Ude, Russia 8Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
The paper presents the results of comprehensive study of the section of the multilayered archeological Igetey section (Lower–Upper Paleolithic, Cisbaikalia). For the first time, a geochronological characteristics of the full thickness of the section was obtained based on IR–OSL dating. The sedimentary deposits found at the Igetey geoarcheological section were found to be between 155,000 and 160,000 years old. The stratigraphic sequence of sediments of all isotopic stages of the Upper Pleistocene and Holocene (MIS 5–1), as well as stage 6 of the Middle Pleistocene, was characterized. In terms of lithologic-facial conditions, the Igetey section is represented by a complexly constructed heterogeneous formation of the slope (cryogenic-deluvial-proluvial) and subaerial series with eight horizons with pedogenesis, including modern soil, and seven cultural layers. The upper part of the section (to a depth of 12 meters) reveals the structure of a colluvial fan with aeolian sediments and paleosols. The Middle Pleistocene cover sediments of the coalescing fan are exposed below. This part of the section is represented by a loess-soil sequence, in which a substantial pedocomplex of five paleosols is distinguished, dating to the second half of MIS 6 (135–160 ky BP) and probably recording the early stage of the last Pleistocene interglacial. All paleosols, according to their petromagnetic properties, have a "Siberian" formation mechanism and are characterized by the presence of cryogenic disturbances. Data obtained from studying the species and quantitative diversity of terrestrial and freshwater mollusks made it possible to trace changes in the structure of biotopes and reconstruct the paleoecological conditions in the area of the Igetey section from the Middle to Late Pleistocene. During the formation of the Middle Pleistocene deposits (the second half of MIS 6), the climate was generally moderately cool, with open space biotopes predominating, which were located in the river valley, and at the same time, there were several intervals of climate warming. The enhancement of conditions is recorded during the formation of layers 17, 14, 11, and 9. The climate was moderately warm and humid, and the biotopes of open spaces were supplemented by intermediate ones. The results from the Early Late Pleistocene malacocomplex (MIS 5) indicate a moderate climate in both temperature and humidity (layer 7), followed by a period of cooling (layer 6). During this time, open-space biotopes predominated.
V. V. Babich
V.S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy Siberian Branch Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: climate, paleo-reconstruction, global warming, anthropogenic factor, greenhouse effect, empirical modeling.
Climate has a huge impact on human living conditions and plays a large role in its history. There are numerous examples of serious social upheavals of local and regional proportions over the past few millennia associated with climate change. Therefore, modern global warming and its causes is one of the most pressing and most controversial issues in both the scientific and public community. In this work, an attempt was made to assess the degree of possible participation of the anthropogenic component in the formation of climate in various regions of the world during the industrial period (since 1850) by analyzing data on the past states of the climate system at a sufficiently long time interval. Using harmonic analysis, empirical models of climate change over time were constructed for these regions. By extrapolating these models to the industrial period, "natural" temperature change scenarios were obtained, taking into account only natural causes and excluding anthropogenic factors. It was found that in all studied regions, instrumentally recorded temperature values significantly exceed the "model" values. On average, during the industrial period, according to "natural" scenarios, air temperature globally should have increased by ~0,02°C, but in reality, the temperature over this time interval increased by ~0,94°C. This deviation began to appear around 1920, gradually intensifying thereafter. These facts can be considered as a manifestation of the anthropogenic factor, which makes a certain contribution to modern global warming.
A.V. Golovin¹, A.A. Tarasov¹ 1Sobolev Institute of
Geology and Mineralogy Siberian Branch Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: kimberlites; olivine; xenoliths; sheared peridotites; morphology and variations of olivine composition, Udachnaya-East pipe; Siberian Craton.
Olivine is the major rock-forming mineral in kimberlites, and the results of numerous studies of kimberlitic olivine are widely used in most models of kimberlite petrogenesis. The composition of olivine from kimberlites is also applied in reconstructions of the composition, structure, and evolution of the lithospheric mantle beneath ancient cratons. However, a persistent problem is the identification of magmatic olivine in kimberlites and olivine derived from disaggregated mantle xenoliths, as both may display very similar morphologies. In this study, based on extensive empirical material (more than 500 olivine grains up to 5 mm in size from a single phase of volcaniclastic kimberlite of the Udachnaya-East pipe, Siberian craton) and on a compilation of previously obtained data on olivine compositions from 158 xenoliths of sheared peridotites from the same kimberlite body, we demonstrate that although the morphology of these olivines may be similar, they can be distinguished using compositional and internal structural criteria. This study also presents new data on olivine compositions from microxenoliths (20 samples) of sheared peridotites. The Mg# distribution of olivine in microxenoliths is bimodal, defining two compositional groups with Mg# ranges of 89.5–92.5 (50% of samples) and 84.5–87.5 (45% of samples), whereas olivine from xenoliths of deformed peridotites shows a unimodal Mg# distribution in which the majority of compositions (80% of samples) fall within the Mg# range of 89.5–92.5. The study presents a series of well-documented examples where olivine neoblast grains derived from disaggregated mantle xenoliths of sheared peridotites clearly acted as seeds for the growth of magmatic olivine. In addition, a unique example is described of the destruction of a microxenolith of sheared peridotite during kimberlite crystallization, manifested by the compact occurrence of non-resorbed and unzoned euhedral neoblast crystals within a 1 mm field of view in the kimberlite matrix. The largest proportion of true kimberlitic olivine occurs in the groundmass size fraction (<0.25 mm) of unaltered rocks; however, olivine of this size fraction in kimberlites worldwide remains essentially unstudied.
B.B. Kochnev1,2, N.I. Vetrova2, A.I. Proshenkin2 1Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
2Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy SB RAS, Novosibirsk,Russia
Keywords: Mana Trough, East Sayan, Late Precambrian, carbonaceous sediments geochemistry, C-isotope chemostratigraphy, detrital zircon geochronology, sedimentation settings
The chemical and isotope (C and O) composition of carbonate deposits and the age distribution of detrital zircon grains from the Late Precambrian sequences of the Mana Trough from Sayan Segment of the Central-Asian Mobile Belt (CAMB) were studied. Limestones of volcanic-sedimentary Kuvai Group (Mana and Bakhta Formations) formed in open-ocean conditions have highly positive δ13C values and, with another data, allow to limit their age as Late Riphean, оr Late Tonian. Angaloy Horizon strata have near-zero or slightly positive δ13C values, and minimal detrital zircon ages about 580 Ma, allowing to resemble it to Upper Vendian (or Upper Ediacaran). In the upper part of the Anastas’ino Horizon, two pronounced positive δ13C excursions was found, contrasting to sub-zero values, and marking the base of the Cambrian Tommotian Stage. Detrital zircon age spectra from the Angaloy and lower Anastas’ino Horizons demonstrate two Neoproterozoic populations with 710 and 630 Ma peaks. Possible sources for these zircons ages are volcanic and granitoid complexes coming from Sayan segment of the CAMB. Judging from occurrence of Paleoproterozoic zircon age population in the studied sequences, complete accretion of sedimentary basin of the Mana Trough to Siberian Craton was completed at Early Cambrian. These conclusions verified by geochemical indicators of sedimentation settings and by geodynamic reconstructions from the adjacent regions.
A.M. Soldatenko1, M.S. Sudakova2, 3 1Institute of Geography of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia 2Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia 3Earth Cryosphere Institute, Tyumen Scientific Center, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tyumen, Russia
This article discusses the development of a methodology for creating a semi-synthetic dataset to train a neural network for the detection and segmentation of hyperbolic diffractions in ground-penetrating radar (GPR) data. The proposed method offers a solution by generating annotated data where target synthetic objects are placed onto real background sections that are confirmed to be free of the target objects. This approach enables model fine-tuning without direct manual labeling for any specific survey type. The final algorithm was successfully validated on GPR data from the Austre Grønfjordbreen. This solution will significantly simplify the analysis of the internal structure of polythermal glaciers and allow us to assess their hydrothermal structure.
K.Yu. Vasileva1,2, M.A. Rogov1,3, V.A. Zakharov 1, B.L. Nikitenko 4, E.B. Pestchevitskaya 4,
A.V. Yadrenkin4, N.K. Lebedeva4, A.A. Goryacheva4, S.N. Khafaeva4, N.A. Malyshev5, V.E. Verzhbitsky5, G.V. Ulyanov6, V.V. Obmetko5, A.A. Borodulin5 1Geological institute of RAS, Moscow, Russia 2Saint Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia 3Arctic Research Center (ARC), Moscow, Russia 4The Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IPGG SB RAS), Novosibirsk,Russia 5Rosneft, Moscow, Russia 6JSC “RN-GIR” Moscow branch – center for technical competentions IGIRGI, Moscow, Russia
We present data on the findings of glendonites (pseudomorphs of the cold-water mineral ikaite) in Permian, Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous sedimentary rocks, penetrated by well KS-1, drilled on the coast of the Laptev Sea. This is the only section in the world that contains glendonites of both Paleozoic and Mesozoic age, belonging to a vast time interval including three geological systems. Glendonites are found here in all stages from which they are known in northern Siberia, with the exception of those stratigraphic intervals in which glendonite finds are comparatively rare (Oxfordian, Ryazanian and Valanginian stages). KS-1 well is a unique natural archive, which reflects the most significant cooling events in the studied region during the late Paleozoic-Mesozoic.
B.B. Kochnev1,2, N.I. Vetrova2, E.V. Vetrov3, G.A. Karlova1 1Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia 2Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy SB RAS, Novosibirsk,Russia 3PJSC Polyus, Moscow, Russia
Keywords: Vendian, Cambrian, Ediacaran, Gorny Altai, Baratal Group, carbonate sedimentary rocks, geochemistry, carbon, oxygen and strontium isotopes, metasomatosis
The chemical and isotope (C, O, Sr) composition of carbonate deposits in three sections of the lower Baratal Group in the southeast of the Altai Mountains, which are considered as one of the oldest known fragments of the carbonate cover of oceanic uplifts preserved in the structure of the Central Asian folded belt, was studied. The contents of Fe, Mn and Sr and their ratios to each other, and to isotope parameters indicate a post-sedimentary alteration which varying within and between studied sections. For the least altered «Akkaya» section, the δ13C values are –0.4…+0.7‰, and the 87Sr/86Sr ratios vary from 0.70818 to 0.70833, which limits the age of sedimentation to the range of 550-520 Ma. In the «Kurai» and «Chagan-Uzun» sections, along with similar values, anomalously low values of 87Sr/86Sr down to 0.70662…0.70701 are observed, which are often accompanied by a decrease in δ18O values and an increase in Mn content. These unusual characteristics of carbonates are proposed to be the result of influence of the metasomatic fluids tied with underlying basalts and spatially related to Kuvai regional fault zone. In the «Kurai» section, skeletal small-shelly fossils Cambrotubulus were found, which are not known to be older than 550 Ma, and confirms the transitional terminal Precambrian – earliest Phanerozoic age of the basal sequences of Baratal Group.
I.F. Chayka1, S.Yu. Stepanov 2, A.V. Kozlov3, F.D. Sandalov4, R.S. Palamarchuk2, N.I. Baykov1, V.S. Zhdanova5, V.D. Abramova4 1Korzhinskii Institute of Experimental Mineralogy RAS, Chernogolovka, Russia ivanlab211@gmail.com 2Natural science museum of the Ilmeny Reserve, Southern Ural center for mineralogy and geoecology UB RAS, Miass, Russia 3Saint Petersburg Mining University of Empress Catherine II, Saint-Petersburg, Russia 4Institute of geology of ore deposits, petrography, mineralogy and geochemistry RAS, Moscow, Russia 5Zavaritsky Institute of Geology and Geochemistry UB RAS, Ekaterinburg, Russia
Keywords: skarn, Cu-Fe skarn formation, native gold, gabbro, S isotopes, Ural Platinum Belt
Skarn-type Fe and Cu deposits enriched in Au are widespread within the Tagil–Magnitogorsk megazone of the Ural Fold Belt and are primarily associated with felsic to intermediate intrusions. In the Northern Urals, Fe–Cu skarn-type deposits and ore occurrences are found in the exocontacts of gabbroic phases of the polyphase intrusions of the Ural Platinum Belt. These systems are of particular interest as they represent the terminal (hydrothermal–metasomatic) stage in the fractionation of chalcophile and noble metals within magmatic systems of young island arcs. The metasomatic rocks developed in the exocontact zone of the Knyaspa intrusion, investigated in this study, contain ore-grade concentrations of Fe and Cu (0.5–5 wt%) and Au (0.2–14 g/t), and are classified as belonging to the Cu–Fe skarn formation of the Ural belt. The geological, mineralogical, and geochemical characteristics of this occurrence are largely typical of Cu–Au skarn deposits and are genetically linked with the gabbroic phase of the intrusion, rather than with the dioritic one. The metasomatic rocks formed after andesibasalts of the Pavda Formation. The following sequence of their formation has been reconstructed: (1) amphibole–plagioclase or clinopyroxene–plagioclase hornfelses (hornfels phase); (2 epidote-bearing assemblages with clinopyroxene or garnet (pre-ore skarn stage of the hydrothermal-metasomatic phase); (3) clinopyroxene–actinolite–epidote associations with magnetite and Cu sulfides (ore skarn stage of the hydrothermal-metasomatic phase); (4) largely zeolite assemblages (late hydrothermal stage of the hydrothermal-metasomatic phase) and (5) supergene phase. The estimated temperatures for the formation of primary sulfide mineralization range from 300 to 400 °C. Formation of native gold, which has exclusively broad compositional range in terms of Cu and Ag admixtures, took place at lower temperatures (approximately 100–250 °C) and probably continued during supergene phase Based on δ34S values in sulfides and the geochemistry of chalcophile elements in skarns, the ore elements were probably orthomagmatic. However, the mobilization of S and Cu from the volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits of the Shemur Formation through their assimilation by the intrusion cannot be ruled out, as well. Regardless of the source, the redox state of sulfur was significantly shifted toward oxidized species (S⁶⁺ or S⁴⁺), resulting in unusually low δ³⁴S values (–6 to –4‰) in the sulfides of the metasomatic rocks.
This issue of the journal "Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics" includes articles based on papers presented at the International Symposium on Atmospheric Radiation and Dynamics (ISARD-2025).
Atmospheric aerosols are a significant factor of variations in the radiative balance, particularly for such regions as Central Siberia, where there are many anthropogenic and biogenic aerosol sources. However, the parameters and seasonal dynamics of aerosol radiative forcing in this region remain understudied. The aim of this work is to estimate the efficiency of aerosol radiative forcing ( RFE ) for the atmosphere of Central Siberia based on measurements of aerosol scattering and absorption coefficients at background ZOTTO station in 2007-2024. The atmospheric and underlying surface characteristics required for calculating RFE were taken from MERRA-2 reanalysis data. The resulting time series of RFЕ for ZOTTO station show strong day-to-day variability and a clearly pronounced seasonal cycle. Although the maximal concentrations of absorbing (soot) aerosol and, consequently, the maximal values of the aerosol absorption coefficient are observed in summer, the efficiency of aerosol forcing during this period is negative, with the characteristic RFЕ = -30 W/m2. In winter, when aerosol concentrations and aerosol optical coefficients are substantially lower, the efficiency of aerosol forcing is positive and amounts to approximately +25 W/m2; the measurement-period mean RFE = -5 W/m2. The change in the sign of aerosol forcing from positive to negative occurs in early May, and vice versa, in late October, which is primarily due to the seasonal change in the albedo of the underlying surface. The results can be used to refine predictions of regional climate changes in Siberia.
K.A. Didenko1,2, A.V. Koval1, T.S. Ermakova1,3 1Saint Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia 2Pushkov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere, and Radio Wave Propagation, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia 3The Voeikov Main Geophysical Observatory, St Petersburg, Russia
Keywords: sudden stratospheric warming, stratospheric polar vortex, planetary wave, eddy potential enstrophy, wave activity
Atmospheric waves on a planetary scale play the main role in the formation of the atmosphere regime, and a polar vortex forms in the stratosphere in winter. A striking example of the interannual variability of the stratospheric polar vortex caused by stationary planetary waves is sudden stratospheric warming (SSW). The internal dynamics of major sudden stratospheric warming accompanied by displacement and splitting of the stratospheric polar vortex (SPV) was studied based on the MERRA-2 reanalysis data from the point of view of explicitly calculating nonlinear interactions of planetary waves with each other and with the mean flow to identify similar trends in the formation of SSW of various types. In particular, it is shown that the formation of a SSW with SPV splitting is not always accompanied by dominant variations in the wave activity of stationary planetary wave with zonal wavenumber 2 (SPW2), but is determined by the maximum interactions of SPW2 with the mean flow. It was obtained that the wave-wave interactions during the generation of secondary stationary planetary wave with zonal wavenumber 1 (SPW1) are maximal 1-2 weeks before, and during the generation of secondary SPW2, 5-10 days before a SSW with SPV displacement. The results aimed at identifying predictors of SSW formation are important due to the fact that SSW significantly affects the entire middle atmosphere, ionosphere, as well as weather conditions in the troposphere and the formation of extreme weather events.
M.A. Ezhikova, S.P. Smyshlayev
Russian State Hydrometeorological University, St. Petersburg, Russia
Keywords: methane, atmospheric composition, the Arctic, CAMS reanalysis
Studying the spatial distribution and temporal variation in CH4 concentration as a greenhouse gas is a relevant but difficult scientific task in the Arctic. Reanalysis data can serve an additional source of information, but they require regular validation. This study presents the results of an assessment of the reproduction of surface CH4 concentration by CAMS global greenhouse gas reanalysis database version EGG4 in the Arctic region. Reanalysis data on the surface CH4 concentrations variations are compared with continuous measurements at the research station “Ice Base Cape Baranova" (79°16' N, 101°45' E) in 2016-2020 on different time scales (interannual, seasonal, daily). It is found that reanalysis data reflect the interannual variability of surface CH4 concentrations the worst. The seasonal variability of the CH4 concentration is well described by the reanalysis data, the model amplitudes of the seasonal cycle are slightly higher than the actual ones. The comparison of the model and actual values of surface temperature and wind speed and direction are also carried out. Such verification of the CAMS database is useful before its subsequent using in regional-scale numerical modeling and other applied problems.
A.V. Koval1,2, N.M. Gavrilov1, K.A. Didenko1,3, T.S. Ermakova1,2, A.V. Sokolov1 1Saint Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia 2Russian State Hydrometeorological University, St. Petersburg, Russia 3Pushkov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere, and Radio Wave Propagation, Russian Academy of Sciences, Troitsk, Russia
Keywords: atmospheric tide, migrating and non-migrating tides, solar activity, wave activity, global atmospheric circulation, numerical simutation
Solar thermal tides have a significant impact on global atmospheric circulation, making it important to study the various external factors that can influence their generation and propagation throughout the atmosphere. Using the mechanistic nonlinear numerical general circulation model of the middle and upper atmosphere (MUAM), this paper examines the influence of solar activity (SA) variations on the spatiotemporal structure of tides. Two ensembles of MUAM simulations of the global atmospheric circulation in January are considered, each consisting of 16 runs, corresponding to high and low SA. It is shown that with increasing solar forcing at high SA, the diurnal migrating tide (DW1) weakens in the altitude range 100-150 km and intensifies at higher altitudes. The analysis of the Eliassen-Palm (EP) fluxes demonstrates a significant correlation between changes in the vertical propagation of wave activity and the amplitude of DW1: downward flux increments generally correspond to tide weakening in the range 110-150 km, while upward flux increments correspond to strengthening of the tide above 150 km. The semidiurnal migrating tide (SW2) weakens at high SA at altitudes of up to 140 km in the Southern Hemisphere and 190 km in the Northern Hemisphere in the mid- and high-latitude thermosphere. This is accompanied by mainly weakening of the ascending EP fluxes. Above 200 km, SW2 amplitude in the Northern Hemisphere increases by a factor of 2-3 at high SA. Above 150 km in the thermosphere, the amplitude of the stationary planetary wave with zonal number 1 (SPW1) decreases at high SA, while the amplitude of the migrating tides increases. Taken together, this leads to a complex structure of changes in the amplitudes of non-migrating tides. As an important link in the dynamic relationship between atmospheric layers, tides, in particular, provide the distribution of the effect of changing solar forcing during varying solar activity across all atmospheric layers. Understanding the complex mechanisms of dynamic interactions between tides and atmospheric circulation is important for improving numerical forecasts of changes in atmospheric processes on various time scales, from days to decades.
A.P. Luzhetskaya1, E.S. Nagovitsyna1,2, V.A. Poddubny1, A.A. Karasev1,2 1Institute of Industrial Ecology Ural branch of RAS, Ekaterinburg, Russia 2Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Ekaterinburg, Russia
Keywords: atmospheric monitoring, aerosol, backward trajectories, Middle Urals
A detailed study of the spatial distribution of aerosol sources is essential for understanding their impact on air quality and public health. The source fields of various atmospheric aerosol types arriving to the Middle Urals were estimated with the use of the analysis of the potential source contribution function. The initial data comprised information on the aerosol type obtained through the classification of aerosol particles based on the spectral values of atmospheric aerosol optical depth. The results demonstrate a clear spatial differentiation of atmospheric aerosol sources for the classes “dust” and “elevated smoke”. The proposed approach can significantly enhance the information provided by spectral ground-based photometric measurements, thus improving the accuracy of air quality assessments.
O.V. Mandrikova, B.S. Mandrikova
Institute of Cosmophysical Research and Radio Wave Propagation of the Far-Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Science, Paratunka, Russia
Keywords: cosmic rays, neutron monitor observation, Forbush effect, space weather, wavelet decomposition, statistical decision theory rules
During disturbances in near-Earth space, disruptions in ground-based and satellite technological systems, including catastrophic failures, occur. Therefore, the problem of developing methods for real-time analysis and monitoring of the natural environment with acceptable accuracy is particularly pressing. This article explores a new automated method for detecting anomalies in neutron monitor (NM) observations. This method is based on the synthesis of wavelet decompositions with the rules of statistical decision theory; it enables the detection of anomalies in NM observations and the assessment of their intensity. Discrete wavelet decompositions with adaptive threshold functions are used to detect anomalies. The parameters of the threshold functions are automatically estimated (as data entered the processing system) using the rules of statistical decision theory. The application of these rules yielded a solution with an error not exceeding an a priori specified value. The intensity of anomalies in NM observations is then calculated by summing the amplitudes of wavelet coefficients exceeding the estimated thresholds. The paper studies periods of strong and extreme geomagnetic storms in 2024-2025. Correlations between Dst index and the intensity of anomalies in NM observations are analyzed. The results showed a significant increase in the correlation between the Dst index and the intensity of anomalies in neutron monitor observations during geomagnetic storms. The obtained correlations reached their maxima with a delay of several hours, demonstrating the importance of neutron monitor observations and their consideration when solving space weather problems. The results of the work can be used in space weather forecasting for the early detection of sporadic variations in the cosmic ray flux.
O.V. Mandrikova, Yu.A. Polozov
Institute of Cosmophysical Research and Radio Wave Propagation of the Far-Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Science, Paratunka, Russia
Keywords: data analysis method, ionosphere, space weather, magnetic storm
Monitoring and analysing the dynamics of ionospheric parameters allow one to detect disturbances that negatively impact technical systems. Problems of the timely detection of ionospheric disturbances are associated with a high degree of uncertainty in our prior knowledge about the dynamics of ionospheric processes during disturbed periods and the influence of interference and uneven observation network in certain areas. These issues necessitate the development of data recording and analysis methods that guarantee high accuracy and efficiency. The paper presents a new automated method for estimating the state of the ionosphere using ground-based vertical radiosonde data. This method combines elements of statistical decision theory and threshold estimation with wavelet transform. Numerical solutions constructed using this method are used in the Aurora interactive system (https://lsaoperanalysis.ikir.ru/lsaoperanalysis.html), which was developed at the Institute of Cosmophysical Research and Radio Wave Propagation, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences. The results of the implemented algorithms provide data on the state of the ionosphere over Kamchatka (calm or perturbed) and the parameters of ionospheric inhomogeneities in perturbed state. The algorithms are adaptive and do not require preliminary training. Data from the Paratunka (Russia, Kamchatka Region) and Wakkanai (Japan) stations were used to evaluate the method. The behaviour of the ionosphere during periods of strong geomagnetic storms in 2023-2024 was studied. The study confirmed the method efficiency in analysing ionospheric data and detecting inhomogeneities. Prior to the analysed events, signs of an anomalous increase in electron density in the ionosphere were identified. This is of significant practical importance. The suggested method can be used in ionospheric data analysis techniques for monitoring and forecasting space weather conditions, with the aim of timely detection of ionospheric disturbances.
A method for remote mapping of the sea surface temperature field (SST) in a cloudless and cloudy atmosphere has been proposed and tested based on SST measurements of MTVZA-GYa microwave radiometer from Meteor M satellite Nos. 2-2 and 2-4. The method includes the preliminary SST estimation using an artificial neural network (ANN) algorithm of multilayer perceptron type and statistical filtering of the preliminary estimates using climatic SST values calculated from the ERA5 reanalysis. The neural network algorithm uses antenna temperatures measured in five scanner channels of the MTVZA-GYa radiometer as predictors. Reference SST values from the open access ICOADS database are used to train the ANN. The statistical filtering procedure makes it possible to reduce the influence of clouds and precipitation in the satellite radiometer field of view and provides a root-mean-square error of the SST estimates on the order of 1.2-1.7 °C and a coefficient of determination of about 0.8-0.9 when compared with in situ observations. The proposed approach is applicable to operational global “all-weather" monitoring of sea surface temperature and can be adapted to analyze SST measurements of MTVZA-GYa type radiometers with improved technical and information characteristics.
A.S. Minkin
Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
Keywords: cloud detection, feature selection semantic segmentation, interpretable machine learning model
This article addresses the problem of cloud detection in hyperspectral satellite images using an interpretable neural network classifier for partial cloudiness. For effective solution, the preliminary selection of spectral channels and derived features is performed using decision trees trained with labeled satellite data of the HYPERION sensor. The selected channels and features are then used for building a convolutional neural network based on a modified Unet architecture. Modifications to the original Unet architecture enable simplifying the network structure, avoiding overfitting, assessing the importance of spatial and spectral features, analyzing classification results, and explaining decision-making processes. Feature selection and evaluation of their importance are critical stages in developing adequate machine learning and deep learning models combined with the analysis of their generalization ability. The suggested feature selection method is based on iterative training of decision trees to identify significant features in terms of classification accuracy. The operation of the convolutional neural network is interpreted and the importance of spatial and spectral features is assessed by evaluating Shapley vectors. The results of testing a neural network with HYPERION images made over three surface types (ocean, vegetation, and urbanized territory) are presented; its accuracy and commission and omission errors are estimated. The model enables semantic segmentation of images with thin clouds with accuracy over 95% in selected spectral bands and with selected features. The importance of input features, caused by their distribution across spectral channels and the relative positions of pixels in an image, for the detection of thick and thin clouds in hyperspectral satellite images is analyzed. The presented neural network model is designed for working with limited data volumes, enables applying augmentation, and can be used to assess the importance of selected spectral channels and spatial features.
I.I. Romanchenko1,2, A.A. Cheremisin1, P.V. Novikov3, V.N. Marichev4, D.A. Bochkovsky4 1V.V. Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia 2Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk, Russia 3Irkutsk State Transport University, Krasnoyarsk Railway Institute, Krasnoyarsk, Russia 4V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk, Russia
Keywords: stratosphere, pyrocumulonimbus cloud, soot aerosol, volcanic aerosol, trajectory analysis, satellite sounding, lidar
Soot aerosol from forest fires injected into the stratosphere can influence climate on a global scale, similar to volcanic aerosol. This paper examined the stratospheric loading with soot aerosol from forest fires in Eastern Siberia, as well as the occurrence of volcanic aerosol over Western Siberia. An episode of ground-based lidar observation in July 2022, where aerosol layers were detected in the stratosphere above Tomsk at approximately 11 km and 20-25 km is considered. The origin of these layers is analyzed using air mass trajectories with control of their aerosol content based on data from the CALIPSO satellite lidar and using atmospheric and surface sensing data from the Suomi-NPP and Himawari-8 satellites. It is shown that the sources of in the lower stratosphere aerosol loading at an altitude of about 11 km are the fires in Eastern Siberia, which led to the formation of powerful pyrocumulative clouds. The location and time of formation of these clouds are determined. It is also shown that the aerosol layers at altitudes 20-25 km are associated with the eruption of the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai volcano, which erupted in the Southern Hemisphere in January 2022. The results are of significant interest for predicting climate change on regional and global scales.
S.A. Riabova1,2 1Institute of Geosphere Dynamics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia 2Schmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
Keywords: variation, Earth's magnetic field, tidal wave, Schwabe cycle, planetary wave, modulation, spectrum, Lomb-Scargle method
In order to study the dynamics of the Earth's atmosphere, it is of interest to examine the frequency content of geomagnetic field variations in the range of the sixteen-day atmospheric planetary wave period (from 14.5 to 18 days). The spectra of Earth's magnetic field variations recorded between 2000 and 2023 at three European mid-latitude magnetic observatories, the Belsk Observatory (eastern Europe), the Furstenfeldbruck Observatory (central Europe), and the Dourbes Observatory (western Europe), were analyzed. Using the Lomb-Scargle periodogram method, harmonics associated with the modulation effect of long-period variations and tidal effects were identified in the spectrum in the range from 14.5 to 18 days. The analysis showed that the spectral content of geomagnetic variations does not depend on the longitude of the observation point (the points are located at approximately the same latitude). Spectral harmonics caused by the modulation wave with a semiannual variation of the second harmonic of the sunspot rotation cycle and the declination tidal were identified. For the Msf tidal wave, harmonics were identified due to the modulation effect of the 11-year solar activity cycle (Schwabe), the fourth harmonic of the 22-year solar activity cycle, and annual and semiannual variations. Spectral harmonics are clearly distinguished in the spectra, whose periods correspond to the modulation effect of the 11-year solar activity cycle, the fourth harmonic of the 22-year solar activity cycle, and annual and semiannual variations on the 16-day planetary wave. The spectral analysis results confirm the influence of processes observed in the lower neutral atmosphere on the dynamics of the upper atmosphere. The results can be used to develop atmospheric dynamics models.
V.I. Sivtseva1, A.V. Savvin1, V.V. Grigoriev1, I.I. Koltovskoi2 1Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education "M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University", Yakutsk, Russia 2Yu.G. Shafer Institute of Cosmophysical Research and Aeronomy of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, Yakutsk, Russia
Keywords: planetary waves, Rossby waves, Artificial Bee Colony (ABC), satellite data, Aura (MLS), rotational temperature, hydroxyl
The study of large-scale atmospheric processes, such as planetary waves, plays a crucial role in understanding the coupling between the lower and upper layers of the atmosphere. However, accurate modeling of these waves is challenging due to the heterogeneity and sparsity of observational data (both satellite and ground-based), as well as the high dimensionality of the parameter space when describing wave structures. In this paper, an approach to approximation of planetary waves with the use of the Two Strategy adaptive Artificial Bee Colony (TSaABC) algorithm based heterogeneous satellite and ground-based data is suggested. The TSaABC algorithm is used to optimize the parameters of a nonlinear spatiotemporal model representing atmospheric temperature data obtained from the Aura satellite (MLS) and three ground-based stations measuring hydroxyl OH(3, 1) emission bands. The temperature data are approximated using the sum of planetary wave harmonics with unknown parameters including amplitudes and wavenumbers, which are selected from a dictionary of harmonics. By solving the inverse problem of minimizing the data divergence and the L1-norm of harmonic amplitudes, the method achieves approximation accuracy and sparsity in a large dictionary of harmonics. To solve the L1-minimization problem, a hard thresholding strategy was developed within the TSaABC algorithm. The use of a hard threshold value allows us to reduce the dimensionality of the solution search, thus inereasing computational efficiency. The results demonstrate the potential of the algorithm for assimilating heterogeneous data and improving the modeling of atmospheric processes.
D. A. Konovalova, O. V. Anishchenko, T. A. Zotina
Krasnoyarsk Science Centre of the Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science, Institute of Biophysics, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
Keywords: bryofauna, high-pressure hydroelectric plant, production, seasonal dynamics, Siberian river, Fontinalis antipyretica
The present study addresses seasonal dynamics of the abundance, size-age composition, and production of the larvae of the caddisfly Apatania crymophyla McLachlan, 1880, which form high-density aggregations on water moss in the thermally and hydrologically altered section of the Yenisei River downstream of the Krasnoyarsk Hydroelectric Plant dam (HEP). The abundance of the larvae inhabiting water moss was highest in October 2022 and 2023 and in August 2021. The maximal abundance of the larvae on moss varied between 1242 and 4037 ind.·kg-1 of fresh moss, and the fresh biomass of the larvae varied from 1.78 to 3.15 g·kg-1 of fresh moss. The level of water in the river affected the quantitative parameters and the number of generations of A. crymophila. In the 2022, when the water level was abnormally low, the number of new generations in the population was smaller and the production of the larval biomass over the season was lower (by a factor of 1.8) than in 2023, when the water level was close to the long-term annual average. Hence, the conditions in the thermally altered section of the Yenisei River downstream of the Krasnoyarsk HEP are favorable for the development of A. crymophila; one of these conditions is the abundance of aquatic moss in this section, which provides the invertebrates with resources favoring the maintenance of the high-density population. The results obtained show that the invertebrates inhabiting aquatic moss should be taken into account in the estimate of organic matter production in the Yenisei River.
V. P. Starikov1, A. Yu. Levykh2, V. A. Petukhov1, K. A. Bernikov1 1Surgut State University, Surgut, Russia 2Arctic Research Center, Salekhard, Russia
Keywords: Western Siberia, northern taiga, intrasubzonal strips, northern red-backed vole, reproduction, population structure
The peculiarities of reproduction and population structure of the northern red-backed vole in the northern taiga of Western Siberia are considered. Rodent trapping was carried out in the snowless period using the method of ditch with pitfalls (guide fences made of polyethylene film) and trap-lines. A total of 2704 northern red-backed vole were recorded in the southern strip of northern taiga over a 9-year period and in the northern strip of northern taiga over a 4-year period. The reproductive participation of females was determined by the presence of embryos and placental scars, the participation of males by the presence of spermatozoa in the epididymis and the size of the testis. The age of voles was determined by M2 root development, and mass, body length, and thymus development were used. Adult overwintered voles have a reproductive period of up to five months, and up to three months for young voles. Overwintered males remain sexually active throughout the entire snowless period. Overwintered females of the southern strip bring three litters, and young females two litters. Most overwintered females in the northern strip bring two litters, and in rare cases a third litter is possible, while young females bring two litters. In the southern strip in April-May, and in the northern strip in June, the northern red-backed vole population is represented exclusively by overwintered animals. In August and September are universally dominated by young. Males predominate among adults and young animals, only in late summer and autumn the numerical advantage is shifted towards females among overwintered animals.
V. V. Suntsov
N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution RAS, Moscow, Russia
Keywords: Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, Yersinia pestis, Marmota sibirica, Oropsylla silantiewi, wound infection, speciation
The plague microbe (Yersinia pestis) is unique in the family of pathogens of intestinal infections of the family Yersiniaceae (Enterobacteriaceae) and the genus Yersinia. This is the only species of the family and genus that, in natural conditions, is transmitted in rodent populations not by an alimentary route, as typical intestinal pathogens, but by a transmissible way through flea bites, which indicates some unique circumstances of its speciation. Such a special circumstance was the wound infection in populations of the Mongolian marmot (Marmota sibirica) with the causative agent of pseudotuberculosis of the 1st serotype (Y. pseudotuberculosis O:1b) or, in other words, Far Eastern scarlet-like fever (FESLF). The abiotic trigger for speciation was the maximum Sartan cooling, which covered vast areas of Central Asia at the turn of the Pleistocene and Holocene, 22-15 thousand years ago. Deep freezing of the ground in the settlements of the Mongolian marmot led to a change in the behavior of the larvae of the marmot flea Oropsylla silantiewi - a transition to hematophagy on marmots during hibernation, which caused a massive penetration of the FESLF pathogen into the blood of marmots through wounds on the mucous membrane in the oral cavity, created by flea larvae. Aberrant resistant wound infection of marmots with FESLF caused change in gene flow and speciation of Y. pestis. According to the optimistic version of the environmental scenario, the speciation process took place autonomously in three geographical populations of marmots; almost simultaneously, three initial microbial subspecies 2.ANT3, 3.ANT2 and 4.ANT1 appeared, which later became the basis of the entire world intraspecific diversity of this pathogen.
E. G. TOKMAKOVA1, N. F. GALATSEVICH2, A. S. PONOMARYOVA1, S. V. ERDYNEEV1, A. A. CHALBAKAI2, I. S. AKIMOVA2, S. V. BALAKHONOV1 1Irkutsk Research Anti-Plague Institute of Rospotrebnadzor, Irkutsk, Russia 2Tuva Anti-Plague Station, Kyzyl, Russia
Keywords: bacterial community, metagenomic analysis, long-tailed gopher, nest
The results of parasitologic and metagenomic study of two nests of the long-tailed gopher obtained in the Tuva mountain plague focus (Mongun-Taiga kozhun of the Tyva Republic) are presented. The fauna of blood-sucking arthropods of both nests was formed by fleas Citellophilus tesquorum Wagn., Frontopsylla elatoides Wagn., Rhadinopsylla li transbaikalica Ioff et Tifl., Oropsylla alaskensis Baker, Neopsylla mana Wagn. and ticks Haemogamasus mandschuricus Vitzthum and Hg. hodosi Goncharova et Buyakova. F. hetera Wagn., F. frontalis baikal Ioff were sporadically present in nest No. 1. According to the size, depth of occurrence, length of passage to the nest chamber, species composition and physiological state of ectoparasites, nests were defined as wintering nest No. 1 and reserve nest No. 2. According to the results of metagenomic analysis, nest community No. 1 contained 64.2 % of Proteobacteria phyla (Allorhizobium - 22.8 %, Aureimonas - 9.71 % and Methylobacterium - 7.68 %), 35 % of Actinobacteria (including Brachybacterium - 3.8 %, Amycolatopsis - 3.33 %, Brevibacterium - 1.76 %), 0.8 % of Firmicutes (Staphylococcus). In the sample from nest No. 2, 87.1 % of sequenced sequences belonged to Actinobacteria phyla (Brachybacterium - 51.0 %, Brevibacterium - 19.6 % and Nocardioides - 7.4 %), 12.8 % to Firmicutes (Staphylococcus), 0.08 % to Proteobacteria (Methylobacterium). Possible reasons for the differences in the composition of nest bacterial communities are discussed.
S. V. ZAGIROVA, M. N. MIGLOVETS
Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biology, Syktyvkar, Russia
Keywords: cowberry-lichen pine forest, carbon dioxide, evapotranspiration, ecosystem exchange
Extreme weather events change the diurnal and seasonal variations in CO2 fluxes between the forest and the above surface atmosphere. The analysis of interannual variability of net CO2 exchange (NEE), total ecosystem respiration (TER), gross ecosystem photosynthesis (GEP) and evapotranspiration (ET) in a cowberry-lichen pine forest of the middle taiga subzone was performed under different weather conditions during the 2021-2023 growing season. According to measurements by eddy covariance system, in the pine forest over three years of observations, the total NEE in May-August varied from -653 to -980 g CO2/m2, GEP varied from 1711 to 2360 g CO2/m2, TER - from 913 to 1380 g CO2/m2. The total evapotranspiration corresponded to 137-262 mm, and the GEP/ET ratio varied within 1.8-3.9 mgC/g H2O. As a result of multi-level statistical analysis, a correlation GEP with gross radiation, temperature and humidity in the growing season was revealed. A relationship between GEP and air temperature and humidity characteristics of the growing season was revealed. GEP and NEE decreased at abnormally high temperatures and a long absence of precipitation in the first half of the 2021 growing season. Maximal effect of air temperature on ecosystem CO2 exchange was observed in 2023 at increased supply of soil moisture. It was concluded that the water reserve in the soil mitigates the negative effect of atmospheric moisture deficit in the summer on photosynthesis and evapotranspiration and thereby ensures a stable seasonal net sink of CO2 in the ecosystem of the cowberry-lichen pine forest of the middle taiga subzone.
A. A. Shirokikh1,2, N. A. Bokov1,2, T. L. Egoshina3, I. G. Shirokikh1,2,4 1N. V. Rudnitsky Federal Agrarian Scientific Center of the North-Eas, Kirov, Russia 2Vyatka State University, Kirov, Russia 3B. M. Zhitkov All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Hunting and Animal Husbandry, Kirov, Russia 4Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biology, Syktyvkar, Russia
Keywords: natural and man-made landscape, fungi, prokaryotes, high-throughput sequencing, Illumina, ITS2, 16S rRNA, phylogenetic diversity, ecological functions
Understanding the relationship between the conditions prevailing in anthropogenic altered soils and the diversity of the soil microbiome can provide important information for assessing the state and solving the problem of maintaining the stability of natural and man-made ecosystems. Using high-throughput Illumina sequencing, the diversity and composition of bacteria, archaea, and fungi in the soils of five different phytocenoses within the Meshcherskaya Lowland (Southern Moscow region), as one of the most industrially saturated regions in the country, were analyzed. The results showed a reduction in taxonomic richness and a decrease in phylogenetic diversity and alignment of microbial communities during the transition from the soil of a conventionally background site to soils of secondary phytocenoses and soils associated with man-made objects - an overgrown phosphogypsum dump and an industrial wastewater discharge site. Representatives of 28 bacterial and 1 archaeal phylum were identified in the prokaryotic component of the microbiomes of the studied soils. The dominant position was occupied by the phylum Actinomycetota (relative abundance 21-30 %) and Pseudomonadota (16-19 %). The taxonomic composition of the fungal component of the communities was dominated by Ascomycota (53-74 %), represented by the classes Dothideomycetes, Sordariomycetes, Eurotiomycetes, and Leotiomycetes. Representatives of Basidiomycota in the soils of different phytocenoses accounted for from 16 to 29 % of all identified fungal taxa. The most numerous among the basidiomycetes were the classes Tremellomycetes, Agaricomycetes, and Microbotryomycetes. Using the FAPROTAX software package for predicting the ecological functions of bacterial and archaeal taxa obtained by sequencing 16S rRNA amplicons, as well as the automatic FUNGuild algorithm for sorting by ecologically significant categories of the fungal taxa identified during ITS amplicon sequencing, the ecological profiles of the studied microbial communities were characterized. The data obtained can be used in the environmental monitoring system of impact zones of industrial enterprises.
L. P. SHUMILOVA1, V. I. RADOMSKAYA1, L. M. PAVLOVA1, N. Yu. LEUSOVA1, V. V. IVANOV2 1Institute of Geology and Nature Management Far East Branch Russian Academy of Sciences, Blagoveshchensk, Russia 2Far East Geological Institute Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia
Keywords: biosorption, microscopic fungi, rare earth elements
Biosorption is a promising method for preventing REE migration in natural environments and for their purification, and microscopic fungi are considered effective biosorbents. The article is devoted to studying the biosorption capacity of soil microscopic fungi in relation to REE in aqueous solutions. The dyna`mics of adsorption was studied using the example of lanthanum by the biomass of micromycetes Penicillium canescens and Talaromyces funiculosus depending on the contact time and its concentration in the solution. It was found that adsorption equilibrium in the fungal biomass - aqueous lanthanum solution system occurs within 24 hours, the T. funiculosus biomass demonstrated a higher sorption capacity. Lanthanum adsorption is more intense at medium acidic pH values of solutions; the maximum lanthanum sorption for 24 hours was noted at pH 3.1 by P. canescens biomass. It was revealed that REE with larger ionic radii are extracted more effectively, they more actively occupy free sorption centers with the formation of complexes. With prolonged interaction of REE with fungal biomass, nanoparticles are formed, the composition of which is close to monazite. According to IR spectroscopy data, the REE sorption centers are amide, carboxyl, amine and phosphate groups of the fungal cell wall. The presence of many ionogenic groups determines the high sorption capacity of the fungal cell wall. Intermolecular modeling of the interaction of lanthanum with amino acid residues of fungal cell wall proteins revealed that proteins form strong complexes by complex formation of REE with amino acid residues, where the active centers are glutamic and aspartic amino acids.
E. A. BOGATYRENKO, A. V. KIM, D. V. DASHKOV, T. I. DUNKAI, A. I. VOITOVSKAYA
Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
Keywords: microbial indication, Kamchatka, petroleum hydrocarbons, alkanes, PAHs, genes, molecular genetic analysis
Based on the results of microbial indication for 2023 and 2024, it was established that Avacha Gulf and the southwestern coast of Kamchatka are subject to significant oil pollution. The number of hydrocarbon-oxidizing microorganisms at most of the studied stations was 103 CFU/ml (g) and higher. The results of molecular genetic analysis identifying marker bacterial genes for the oxidation of alkanes (ALK-1, ALK-2, ALK-3) and PAHs (nah, phn, bphA1, xylE, GN-PAH, GP-PAH) in the environment indicated the dominance of bacteria capable to oxidize short- and medium-chain alkanes in the surface waters of Avacha Gulf in 2023, and bacteria that are potential destructors of medium- and long-chain alkanes in the waters of the southwestern coast of Kamchatka. Also, the waters of both areas were characterized by a significant presence of gram-negative bacteria that oxidize various types of PAHs. In 2024, the proportion of stations with bacteria that degrade phenanthrene and short-chain alkanes sharply decreased in Avacha Gulf, but the proportion of stations with microorganisms that oxidize long-chain alkanes increased. An increase in the proportion of water samples with bacterial biphenyl oxidation genes and PAH oxidation genes of gram-negative microbiota was noted for the southwestern coast of Kamchatka. In bottom sediment samples collected in 2023 from both study areas, the genes responsible for PAH oxidation by gram-positive microbiota and for the degradation of long-chain alkanes were most often detected. Analysis of bottom sediment samples collected in 2024 indicated a decrease in the proportion of stations with microorganisms capable of oxidizing various petroleum hydrocarbons in both study areas.
D. V. FEDOROV, O. V. SEREBRENNIKOVA, E. A. ELCHANINOVA
Institute of Petroleum Chemistry of SB RAS, Tomsk, Russia
Keywords: arctic soils, pollution, diesel fuel, hydrocarbons, composition, distribution
The accidental diesel fuel spill near the city of Norilsk in 2020 served as the basis for studying the behavior of hydrocarbons in Far Northern soils, which are characterized by a low rate of natural self-purification. The objective of this study is to determine the direction of transformation in the composition of diesel fuel hydrocarbons in various soil types, which is important for optimizing remediation measures for petroleum pollution in the Arctic zone of Russia. Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, the distribution of diesel fuel components - including normal and isoprenoid alkanes, alkylcyclohexanes, bicyclic naphthenes, alkyl-substituted benzene derivatives of normal and isoprenoid structures, naphthalenes, and phenanthrenes - was analyzed in Arctic soils differentiated by distance from the spill site and time elapsed since the accident. Differences in hydrocarbon composition in the vertical soil profile were identified, reflecting the pathways of contamination and the specific soil types. In sandy and waterlogged alluvial-gley soils near the spill site, downward percolation of diesel fuel led to an increased proportion of high-molecular-weight and branched hydrocarbons, attributed to exclusion chromatography effects during filtration through the soil. Transport of diesel fuel along the watercourse resulted in the loss of low-molecular-weight members across all homologous hydrocarbon series due to leaching and evaporation during aquatic migration. The deposition of residual diesel components in floodplain sod-alluvial-gley soils was accompanied by mixing in the upper soil layers, while the lower profile showed accumulation of isoprenoid alkanes, alkylbenzenes, bicyclic naphthenes, naphthalenes, and phenanthrenes with a higher content of low-molecular-weight fractions. One year after the diesel fuel entered the watercourse, redistribution of contaminants was observed in the floodplain sod-alluvial-gley soil profile under the influence of seasonal hydrodynamic processes, including the influx of a new portion of pollutants during spring floods. Traces of the initial contamination persisted only in the deeper soil layers.
I. V. Savochkina
Belgorod State Technological University, Belgorod, Russia
Keywords: continuous education, artificial intelligence, prompt engineering, educational policy, education legislation
Introduction. The relevance of this study stems from the need for a methodological understanding of the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies into education in response to the global challenges of the 21st century. The aim of this article is to analyze the evolution and legal consolidation of the concept of lifelong education in Russia and to substantiate its role as a systemic foundation for the implementation of AI and industrial engineering. Methodology. The study is based on a retrospective analysis of regulatory documents and scientific literature, as well as a systemic and comparative analysis to identify the relationship between the principles of lifelong education and technological solutions. Discussion. It is shown that the legislatively enshrined principle of continuity, implemented through formal, non-formal, and informal education, generates a methodological demand for personalization, flexibility, and accessibility. Five key contemporary challenges (speed of change, personalization, format integration, accessibility, and goal setting) are identified. AI offers an instrumental response, while industrial engineering serves as an operational mechanism for personalization and a new educational literacy. Conclusion. It is concluded that the concept of lifelong learning is not only a legal principle but also a necessary methodological framework that provides meaning and direction for technological integration. In accordance with the concept of lifelong learning, artificial intelligence ceases to be an accompanying technological attribute, becoming the architectural core of a new model of lifelong learning. AI tools provide the necessary mechanisms for implementing its core principles: adaptability, personalization, integration, and inclusiveness. However, the effectiveness of human interaction with this complex technological environment is determined by mastery of a new tool-industrial engineering. Research prospects include developing industrial engineering didactics and creating pedagogical models where AI serves as the architectural core of a system supporting individual educational trajectories throughout life.
V. V. Petrov1, E. E. Lyah2 1Institute of Philosophy and Law of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia 2Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: humanities education, soft power, worldview, intercultural dialogue, production of fundamental knowledge, analytical and descriptive methodology
Introduction. Large-scale international relations determine the adjustment of the forms and content of the educational process. The results of the ongoing transformations are new social, ethical, axiological, political and other aspects that have a significant impact on the fundamental knowledge development and the transmission of socially significant information. In this regard, the possibilities of using humanitarian education as a key factor determining the vector of dynamic processes of “soft power” in the social processes context are analyzed. The research methodology includes a structural and functional approach to the analysis of the “soft power” concept based on an analytical and descriptive methodology, which outlines the prospects for the higher education development through the soft-power influence of humanitarian education. Discussion. “Soft power” is a specific mechanism that can have an indirect effect on social relations and at the same time act as a communicative factor. It should be noted that the humanities have a distinctive feature in comparison with applied disciplines, since the main subject is the person himself, involved in a complex system involving various connections and relationships. Detachment from precise structures indicates the presence of “soft power” both in the interaction of humanitarian disciplines and in relation to the external environment, exerting a direct influence on an individual or a social group. In this context, the study of the humanities from the “soft power” point of view should be considered in a wide range of influences on the moral, social and spiritual activities of the individual. Conclusion. Based on the conducted research, the basic principles of the “soft power” of humanitarian education have been identified. The fundamental ones are communication skills, reasonableness and ideological orientations. Thus, if it turns out to be possible to expand the approach in which the importance of humanitarian education will grow rapidly, then this will contribute to the expansion of the “soft power” that can strengthen the complex of social values.
A. V. Markov1, O. A. Shtayn2 1Russian State University for the Humanities, Moscow, Russia 2Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Yekaterinburg, Russia
Keywords: philosophy of education, subjectivity, marionette, connectedness, Sergey Obraztsov, objectification, pedagogical metaphor, university education, reflection
Introduction. The classical ideal of education, originating from the Enlightenment, is oriented towards the formation of an autonomous, rational, and self-sufficient subject. The modern reality of digital networks, algorithmic platforms, and radical social interdependence calls this ideal into question, demanding new conceptual metaphors to describe the educational subject. The purpose of the article is to rehabilitate the figure of the marionette as a productive philosophical-pedagogical model that allows us to rethink subjectivity in terms of conscious connectedness rather than illusory autonomy. Methodology. The study is based on the methodological convergence of historical-philosophical analysis (from H. von Kleist to S. Obraztsov), the social-constructivist paradigm (P. Bourdieu, M. Foucault, B. Latour), and pedagogical anthropology. The methodological foundation is an approach analogous to E. Gombrich’s “objectification of illusion”, transferred from art history to the sphere of education to demystify the processes of subjectivity formation. Discussion. A deconstruction of the negative connotation of the marionette as a symbol of manipulation has been carried out. Instead, it is proposed to consider its “strings” as multiple connections (social, technological, discursive) that constitute the possibility of any action. Using the theatrical practice of S. Obraztsov as a case study, it is shown how the principle of objectifying perception allows for a shift from the myths of “humanistic” spontaneity or “constructivist” total control to precise work with techniques and conventions. This principle is extrapolated to university education, the task of which is not to deny determinacies but to transform them into an object of critical reflection and instrumental mastery. Conclusion. The marionette is proposed as a new metaphor for the “competent subject,” skilled in the art of mapping, adjusting, and ethically using its own “strings.” The pedagogy of conscious connectedness, derived from this model, aims to form not a “free individual” but a “virtuoso of mediations,” capable of navigating a complex world of objective patterns of influence. This opens the prospect for developing educational methodologies that enhance metacognitive reflection and responsible participation in network interactions.
I. F. Kefeli1, I. V. Yakovleva2 1Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (North-West Institute of Management of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration), Saint Petersburg, Russia 2Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: media axiology, humanities technologies, philosophical reflection, media society, media practices, value foundations
Introduction. The modern post-industrial information and communication society is increasingly conditioned by the presence of a media reality, in which reality and its technogenic appearance are being transformed. In this regard, it is necessary to note that distinguished Russian scholars, rightfully enjoying high public authority and recognition, pay close attention to the study of the axiological imperatives of media reality and media society as a “second reality””. Russian President Vladimir Putin emphasizes that the media space is the foundation of national independence, the sovereignty of which plays a key role, serving not only as a channel of information but also as a powerful instrument for influencing spiritual, moral, and value guidelines. The purpose of this article is a philosophical reflection on the monograph “Media Axiology of the “Second Reality”” with the need to identify the value foundations of the axiological system of the media space and emphasize the humanistic-value complex of the axiological constant of media society. The methodology of axiological subjectivism is used as the basis for the search for the value foundations of the media society as a “second reality”, in which the categories of “second reality”, “fluid media”, “digital media society”, “value verification”, “media solidarity”, and others are subjected to theoretical understanding. A discussion of the two sections of the monograph, “Disciplinary Identity of Media Axiology” and “Media Axiology as a Platform for Value Analysis of the “Second Reality””, allowed us to identify in the media space not only new branches of science and production, new forms and content of knowledge, methods of obtaining a profession, opportunities for cognitive activity, but also modern technologies for influencing mass consciousness, humanitarian technologies for the formation of the necessary value foundations of the media sphere. The main properties of media axiology are emphasized, necessary as a countermeasure to the negative tendencies of the “second reality” affecting society, especially in the sphere of cognitive practices. Conclusion. Comments and suggestions regarding the conceptualization of the general paradigm of media axiology in the author’s version have been developed.
D. N. Demenev, Y. A. Savostyanova, M. Yu. Baryshnikova, O. M. Veremey
Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University, Magnitogorsk, Russia
Keywords: education, spirituality, patriotism, art history, actor, philosophical reflection, meaning, digital era, national identity
Introduction. The changing channels of information perception among the modern generation, as well as the crisis of cultural authorities in the digital environment, necessitate a review of pedagogical strategies. To this end, the authors attempt to identify the specific mechanisms of influence of the spiritual and patriotic actors inherent in the discipline of Art History. The research methodology is based on a dialectical approach, which is based on a combination of theoretical tools (literature analysis, theoretical synthesis) and theoretical and empirical methods in the course of art history (historical method, semiotic method, hermeneutic method, the principle of complementarity, practical synthesis, or the pedagogical activities of the authors of the article, which reveal the spiritual and moral actors of art and their correlation with the worldview positions of the recipients, which serves as an indicator of the students’ value orientations). Discussion. The study has revealed that the functioning of spiritual and patriotic actors has been modified in the digital age, leading to new forms of representation and interpretation of art through multimedia environments. These modifications are often negative. The analysis has shown that spiritual and patriotic actors in the history of art are fundamental structures that mediate the connection between artistic heritage and the formation of national identity. Conclusion. In a broad sense, the discipline of Art History itself appears as a value-based recursion, revealing the spiritual and patriotic aspect of value as part of itself, while simultaneously opening up new perspectives for strengthening national identity.
S. A. Khlynovskaya
Siberian Institute of Management - Branch of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Private General Education School “Prosvetschenie”, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: Early Modern period, world-systems approach, conceptual learning, typology of world conflicts, World History course (Grades 7-9)
Introduction. The article addresses the problem of conceptualizing the Early Modern World History course in secondary education, which is characterized by fragmented presentation, excessive factual material, and insufficient coherence of historical processes. The study proposes the use of world-systems theory as a framework for structuring the curriculum. Methodology. The research is based on concept-based learning principles and the world-systems approach, which allows historical developments to be analyzed as parts of a unified global system. The study employs the historical-genetic method and the typology of global conflicts of the 17th-20th centuries to construct a conceptual framework for grades 7-9 world history courses. Discussion. The article demonstrates that organizing the curriculum around the hegemonic struggle within the world-system makes it possible to integrate separate national histories into a coherent global process, facilitating students’ understanding of historical interconnections and enabling the integration of Russian and Eastern histories into a broader global context. This approach promotes comprehension of long-term transformations of the world system. Conclusion. The application of the world-systems model in conceptualizing the world history curriculum reduces fragmentation in historical learning, fosters systemic historical thinking among students, and contributes to understanding the contemporary world as the result of interconnected historical processes.
M. A. Khamroeva, B. O. Mayer
Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: educational space, academic mobility, student mobility, university branches, Russia, Uzbekistan, international cooperation, professional education, higher education
Introduction. The relevance of this study is determined by the need to understand and forecast academic and scientific-educational ties between Russia and Uzbekistan in the 21st century. Branches of Russian universities are opening, academic mobility programs are expanding, and joint master’s and doctoral programs are growing. In this context, the educational space serves as a platform not only for knowledge transfer but also for social and cultural interactions, making it an important factor in academic and cultural integration. Methodology. The study uses systems analysis, a comparison of official documents, a review of existing scientific papers on the topic of the article, and case studies. Discussion. Practical forms of cooperation are analyzed: the opening of branches of Russian universities, the expansion of academic mobility programs, joint master’s and doctoral programs, as well as an example of deep industry integration in the medical sector. Based on a systematic document analysis, a review of research, and case studies, we trace key stages of interaction: the establishment of the regulatory framework in the 1990s (including the 1993 and 1995 agreements) and the transition to institutionalizing the partnership in 2018-2024 through a series of bilateral educational forums (Tashkent 2018, Moscow 2021, Samarkand 2023). Conclusion. It is shown that large-scale forums and scientific and educational initiatives contributed to the synchronization of standards, the strengthening of human resources, and the creation of joint research platforms. Conclusions are drawn on the practical significance of further coordination and the development of joint programs for the sustainable strengthening of bilateral ties.
E. A. Gordeychik
Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: education, educational inequality, world-systems analysis, peripheralization, migration
Introduction. The article explores the problem of educational inequality faced by children of migrants in the Russian education system. The purpose of the article: to analyze the socio-economic and institutional barriers (linguistic, legal, cultural) formed in society and assess the effectiveness of the legal measures taken to solve these problems. Methodology. The study is based on a world system analysis formed by the ideas of I. Wallerstein and S. Balibar, used to study the mechanisms of inclusion of migrants in the system of division of labor and the ideas of critical pedagogy R. Arnov. Discussion: Analysis of the current regulatory framework, statistical data and sociological research made it possible to update the problem of introducing a state exam in the Russian language for children with a migration history at the intersection of economics, sociology and law. The introduced mandatory exam in the Russian language, formally aimed at unifying the educational space, without a comprehensive support infrastructure (language adaptation, methodological assistance to schools) does not eliminate the root causes of inequality, but, on the contrary, with a high degree of probability can aggravate social contradictions, strengthening the internal periphery of regions. The consolidation of migrant children in non-prestigious educational and, subsequently, professional positions reproduces the model of “ethnization of the labor force” and turns education from a social elevator into an institution that indirectly legitimizes inequality. Conclusion. The Russian language exam, being an unambiguously important step towards improving the national educational system without adequate financial and methodological support from the state, can lead to another round of peripheralization and pumping of educational resources, which will contribute to the formation of a new circle of the cycle of internal inequality.
