V.A. Banakh, I.V. Zaloznaya, A.V. Falits
V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk, Russia
Keywords: parabolic equation, wave equation, spatial coherence, turbulent atmosphere, path integral
Based on the representation of the solution of the stochastic wave equation for a point source as a path integral, a formula for the spatial coherence function of a spherical wave propagating in the atmosphere is derived, taking into account the entire set of virtual paths in the path integral. For the Kolmogorov turbulence spectrum model, the spatial coherence of a spherical wave is calculated for various path-length-to-wavelength ratios. The results are compared with calculations in the parabolic approximation. Conditions are determined under which the coherence function calculations based on the wave and parabolic equations coincide. A geometrical-optical approximation is rigorously justified in calculating the spatial coherence function based on a path integral. It is established that a virtual trajectory in the form of a straight line connecting the source and receiver, the only one considered in the geometrical-optical approximation, completely determines the coherent properties of a wave in a turbulent atmosphere. The results of this work can be used to solve problems of radio wave propagation in random media.
V.A. Banakh, I.V. Zaloznaya, A.V. Falits
V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk, Russia
Keywords: parabolic equation, wave equation, intensity fluctuations, turbulent atmosphere, path integral
An expression for the spatial correlation function of weak intensity fluctuations of a spherical wave propagating in a turbulent atmosphere is derived for the first time based on the stochastic Helmholtz wave equation. Solution of the Helmholtz equation as a path integral is used for that. Using this expression, the spatial correlation function of intensity is calculated for the Kolmogorov turbulence spectrum model for various path-to-wavelength ratios. The comparison with calculations in the parabolic approximation is performed. It is shown that calculations of the intensity correlation function using formulas derived from the wave and parabolic equations yield virtually identical results regardless of the path-length-to-wavelength ratio. This proves the applicability of the parabolic equation for calculating weak intensity fluctuations of a spherical wave with a wavelength significantly longer than optical wavelengths.
T.A. Nevzorova, A.S. Dudaryonok, N.N. Lavrentieva, L.N. Sinitsa
V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk, Russia
Keywords: line profile parameters, line broadening, halfwidth, line shift, nitrous oxide
Nitrous oxide ranks among the top five most significant greenhouse gases driving the global warming of the Earth's atmosphere. Furthermore, nitrous oxide acts as a depletor of stratospheric ozone. Therefore, the study of N2O broadening by atmospheric gases is of particular importance. This paper presents the calculated N2O line broadening and shift coefficients under N2O and air pressure, corresponding to vibrational-rotational transitions in the 3ν1 + 4ν3 band, at room temperature with the rotational quantum number | m | varying from 3 to 72. The calculations were performed using a semi-empiric method based on a semi-classical approach modified by introducing a correction factor into the calculation scheme. The N2O line self- and airbroadening coefficients are compared with published data; the vibrational dependence of the calculated values is examined. The results can be used for refining spectroscopic information in HITRAN database.
V.I. Starikov
Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics, Tomsk, Russia
Keywords: HO, line broadening, line shift, hydrogen, temperature dependence
Collision-broadening (γ) and shift (δ) coefficients are calculated for water vapor broadened by H2 in the spectral range 0.6-12160 cm-1 with the use of the semi-classical Robert and Bonamy formalism with exact trajectories. It is shown that calculated function γ( T ) depends on the used isotropic potential of the intermolecular interaction. Temperature parameters for 26 rotational transitions from the terahertz range were determined. An analytical model is presented that makes it possible to calculate the temperature dependence of the broadening coefficients in a wide spectral range. The temperature dependence of the average line shift was also determined. The results can be used in astrophysical application.
V.P. Lukin, I.P. Lukin
V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk, Russia
Keywords: turbulence, atmosphere, fluctuations, turbulence spectrum model, non-Kolmogorov turbulence, outer and inner turbulence scales, wind velocity, adaptive correction
This paper examines current issues related to deriving analytical expressions for calculating fluctuations in optical wave parameters as they propagate through turbulent media with a non-Kolmogorov turbulence spectrum. The primary goal of this paper is to derive formulas for the dependence of optical wave parameter fluctuations on medium parameters. The primary analysis method utilizes theoretical calculations, supplemented by numerical computations using atmospheric models. Assuming that the integral turbulent energy is independent of the turbulence spectrum type, relationships between the structural parameters of the refractive index of the medium for different turbulence types are obtained. The results of this study allow the parameters of optical waves propagating in a random medium with a certain turbulence spectrum to be recalculated for media with different spectra. The results of this work can be used in the development of adaptive optics systems and in the study of turbulence along atmospheric optical paths.
Global warming, caused by the greenhouse effect, continues, and despite the extensive research into greenhouse gas concentrations in the Earth's atmosphere, estimates of their atmospheric budgets still remain uncertain at a level of 5-7%. To reduce this uncertainty, the present study investigates mesoscale inhomogeneities in gas components at different altitudes based on aircraft atmospheric sounding data. It is found that concentration differences for three gases, CH4, CO2, and CO, decrease with altitude. No such pattern was observed for ozone. These dependencies are shown to be stable over time. Concentration gradients are within the following ranges: 0.19-0.32 ppb/km for O3, 0.12-0.99 ppb/km for CH4, 0.02-0.17 ppm/km for CO2, 0.60-2.23 ppb/km for CO. The differences between the minimum and maximum altitudes are reduced by a factor of 4-9. The results of this study expand our understanding of greenhouse gas dynamics in the atmosphere at the mesoscale level and can be useful in developing requirements for both measurement accuracy and scaling of atmospheric greenhouse gas budget calculations.
V.A. Korshunov, D.G. Sakhibgareev, V.P. Ustinov
Russian Federal Service on Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring Research and Production Association «Typhoon», Obninsk, Russia
Keywords: ozone layer, stratosphere, polar stratospheric vortex, dynamic processes, lidar sensing, satellite measurements
The stratospheric ozone layer plays a vital role in protecting the Earth's biosphere from the harmful effects of the ultraviolet solar radiation. Therefore, monitoring the state of the ozone layer in specific regions of the Earth and studying its changes under the influence of various factors are urgent tasks. This paper analyzes the influence of atmospheric dynamic processes on the ozone content in the layer from 12 to 35 km above Obninsk (55° N) using lidar and satellite measurement data from 2012 to 2025. It was established that, during the period from January to March, a significant factor in intraseasonal variations in the ozone content in the middle stratosphere (20-35 km) is the shift of the polar stratospheric vortex. In the lower stratosphere (12-20 km), ozone variations are caused by changes in the direction of meridional advection. Interannual variations in February ozone levels correlate with quasi-biennial variations in equatorial winds and solar activity. The effects of these factors on stratospheric ozone levels are assessed. The results can be useful in developing numerical models of the ozone layer and predicting its future changes under the climate change.
Yu.A. Shtabkin1, K.B. Moiseenko1, I.B. Belikov1, V.A. Belousov1, A.V. Vasileva1, N.S. Kirillova1, D.A. Pestunov2, B.D. Belan2, M.D. Kravchishina3 1Federal state budgetary scientific institution Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia 2V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia 3Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
Keywords: atmospheric composition, shipborne measurements, Arctic, methane emission, backward trajectory, model simulation, numerical assessment
Quantifying methane emissions from Arctic shelf seas is one of the most poorly studied issues of global greenhouse gas budget, largely due to the sparse observational network at high latitudes. This paper presents the results of continuous shipborne measurements of near-surface CH4 and CO2 concentrations in Kara and Barents Seas during the 93rd cruise of the scientific research vessel Akademik Mstislav Keldysh (8 November - 7 December 2023). For episodes of high methane mixing ratios (> 2050 ppb), backward trajectories of air masses were calculated, and in situ data were compared with simulations using the regional WRF-Chem model. This approach enabled spatial localization of emission sources and assessment of methane fluxes at water - atmosphere interface. The highest emissions, with median and peak values of 55.5 and 363 mg/(m2 h), respectively, and a near-surface concentration of up to 2118 ppb, were found in southwestern Kara Sea (Baydaratskaya Bay), in good qualitative agreement with floating chamber flux measurements (86.4 and 483 mg/(m2 h)). These values are comparable to or exceed wintertime methane fluxes from tundra and wetland ecosystems in Western Siberia (40-270 mg/(m2 h)), thus pointing out to the potentially significant contribution of shelf emissions to regional atmospheric methane budget. The proposed approach for retrieving fluxes from near-surface concentration data can be applied to regionalization of point measurements and refining flux estimates in other Arctic areas where observational data are limited.
K.N. Pustovalov1,2, P.V. Nagorskiy1, S.V. Smirnov1,2, A.E. Kalimullin1,2 1Institute of Monitoring of Climatic and Ecological Systems of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia 2National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
Keywords: cloudiness, atmospheric electricity, electric field potential gradient, air temperature, air humidity, radiation transmission by clouds, frost
The electric field potential gradient is a key parameter of atmospheric electricity, wich determines the state of the global electric circuit (GEC). The study of factors affecting its local variability is particularly relevant in the context of ongoing climate change. The statistical analysis of the relationship between the electric field potential gradient and meteorological conditions in the surface air layer, including extremely low temperatures (down to -45 °C) has been performed based on long-term data from the geophysical observatory of the IMCES SB RAS. It has been established that the mean values of the potential gradient increase with a decrease in temperature to -45 °C, and the data variance half reduces. In the behavior of the median values of the potential gradient as a function of frost intensity, three temperature ranges have been identified (0 to -15 °C, -15 to -30 °C, and below -30 °C). This pattern is explained by the predominance of anticyclonic conditions with low clouds, as well as occurrence of sub-inversion ice fogs or haze during severe frosts. The results can be used for the development and improvement of GEC models and atmospheric models, including those applied in numerical weather prediction and environmental forecasting.
An increase in the accuracy of forecasting thunderstorms and hail in the intra-mass convective clouds in Western Siberia is an urgent problem. A modern Doppler meteorological radars DMRL-S is apparently a promising instrument for solving this problem. This study analyzes the radar parameters of intramass cumulonimbus cloud cover based on DMRL-S Novosibirsk data, observations from 18 meteorological stations within a radius of 200 km of the DMRL-S, and synoptic maps for June - August 2021-2023. The radar cloud characteristics of intramass and frontal thunderstorms are compared. Intra-mass thunderstorms are shown to be more often form under anticyclonic conditions, but are characterized by lower radar parameters. Higher reflectivity and water content are observed during thunderstorm development under cyclonic conditions and in diffuse baric fields. Intramass thunderstorm clouds generally exhibit weaker variability of their parameters compared to frontal clouds. The results can be used to refine diagnostic criteria and improve very short-range forecasts of thunderstorms and hail.
E.A. Sosnin1,2, V.A. Panarin1, V.S. Skakun1, D.V. Beloplotov1, D.A. Sorokin1,2 1High Current Electronics Institute of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, Tomsk, Russia 2National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
Keywords: apokamp discharge, Venus, thundercloud, blue jet, giant jet, positive streamer, starter, transient luminous event
Discharge phenomena in the Earth’s middle atmosphere are the source of the corresponding transient light events (transients): so-called starters, blue and giant jets. There are no direct methods for measuring the parameters of these transients; therefore, remote sensing methods, theoretical modeling, and experimental measurements of laboratory discharge parameters, which are analogues of natural phenomena, are used. The work reviews the results of laboratory simulation of transients in conditions of apokamp discharge from 2020 to the present. The energy threshold for triggering transients has been experimentally revealed: the maxima of energy release and electroluminescence in the UVB range in an apokamp discharge in air are attained in the pressure range from 70 to 100 torr, which approximately corresponds to the altitudes of transient formation at the troposphere - stratosphere interface (12-18 km). A similar criterion obtained by igniting an apokamp discharge in carbon dioxide predicts the altitudes where analogues of transients are to be observed in the atmosphere of Venus (70-75 km). Recording the propagation dynamics of plasma plumes of an apokamp discharge with nanosecond resolution confirms these conclusions, and, moreover, allows us to formulate a new hypothesis: the type of transient of the middle atmosphere starting from the dome of a thundercloud depends on the intra-cloud discharges and the ratio of the positive charge of the dome top and the negative charge of the outer layer. It is noted that the streamer head of an atmospheric transient should have a complex luminescence structure. The results can be used for refining models of transients of the middle atmosphere and choosing optical instruments for their observations.
V.A. Dimaki, V.O. Troitskii
V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk, Russia
Keywords: second harmonic generation, set of reduced nonlinear equations, fast Fourier transform, nonlinear process optimization, telescope aspect ratio, amplitude profile
The paper continues the theoretical study [1]. Unlike [1], this work analyzes situations where the power of fundamental radiation and, hence, the SHG efficiency are sufficiently high, but the preset field approximation (PFA) is not applicable. Estimates are made with the use of numerical methods for solving the full set of reduced nonlinear wave equations. It is shown that the abandonment of PFA does not qualitatively change the main conclusions of [1]. If restrictions on the beam damage threshold of a nonlinear medium are neglected, the maximum possible SHG efficiency is achieved upon optimal focusing of laser radiation at the center of a crystal. In the cases where the pump power density should be reduced to prevent crystal damage, telescope systems are preferable to long-focus lenses.
On September 12, 2026, at the age of 85, Yuri Mikhailovich Timofeev passed away. He was one of our country’s most prominent scientists in the field of planetary atmosphere research, a Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, a professor, and the head of the Department of Atmospheric Physics at Saint Petersburg State University.
Nikita M. Krainov, Leonid K. Bobrov
Novosibirsk State University of Economics and Management, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
Keywords: fraud monitoring, systematic review, artificial intelligence, machine learning, models, algorithms, ranking, experimental testing
Widely used traditional rule-based fraud monitoring systems, without ap-propriate modernization using artificial intelligence tools, are unable to effectively combat fraudulent activities, which increasingly rely on new technological advances. This article presents a systematic review of Russian literature devoted to the applicability of various machine learning models and algorithms in relation to fraud monitoring tasks. The purpose of the proposed study is to identify promising areas for modernizing traditional fraud monitoring systems based on the identification, systematization, ranking, and experimental testing of machine learning models and algorithms, as well as a comparison of the obtained results with similar studies by foreign authors, which were carried out through the analysis of the flow of foreign publications. The PRISMA protocol was used as a methodological foundation for creating the review. The initial sample included 853 publications from the Russian eLibrary and CyberLeninka databases. The final sample, after all stages of analysis using the PRISMA method, included 39 published papers. Sixteen models and algorithms were considered, including deep learning models (LSTM, GNN, CYCLEGAN), optimization algorithms (GA), hybrids of quantum computing with deep learning models, classical (Random Forest, Isolation Forest, Decision Tree) and statistical models (Clusterization, Regression, Bayes), gradient boosting (XGBoost, AdaBoost, CatBoost), and data balancing models (SMOTE, SMOTENN). An analysis of publications revealed that Random Forest (first place) and Logistic Regression (second place) are the most frequently used algorithms in building anti-fraud systems, while Isolation Forest and the Bayesian algorithm are among the least popular. The obtained results correlate with studies of the flow of English-language publications reflected in the works of foreign authors. As part of the experimental study, the first-place algorithm, Random Forest, was tested. Testing was conducted on an array of 2.2 million anonymized transactions of bank clients. As a result, the Recall metric reached 0.941, the F1-score was 0.9267, the ROC-AUC was 0.923, and the Precision was 0.9188. Accuracy was 0.9741. This is consistent with the results of similar experiments by foreign authors and provides practical confirmation of the preferable choice of the Random Forest algorithm for detecting fraudulent transactions.
Svetlana S. Mikhailova, Soelma D. Danilova, Aleksey N. Timofeev
Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation
Keywords: spatial development, analytical center, large language model, decision-making systems, LLM agents, multiagent approach
The article is devoted to reducing the cognitive burden on human development in the field of spatial development of regions in the context of data-driven management. A model of a regional analytical center based on cooperative multiagency with LLM is proposed, including a formal description of the task, a project office of agents, a resource base (data, knowledge graphs, skills, rules) and a simulation model of the region. For transparency, Human in the Loop, LLM as a Judge, and Datalog validation schemes are used. A prototype has been developed for Java 25, Spring Boot 4, Angular 20, PostgreSQL 17. The scenario in the field of transportation in Buryatia shows that mutual verification of agents improves the quality of solutions developed for agricultural production.
This study investigates the computational efficiency of various optimization algorithms on the penalized QUBO (Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization) formulation of the two echelon vehicle routing problem (2E VRP). The model includes variable and fixed transportation costs (cfix = 50 000 RUB per trip for vehicle activation) and is tested on a forest industry logistics instance covering the Ural and Siberian Federal Districts (UFD+SFD) with 207 nodes, 19 constituent entities of the Russian Federation, and N = 10,162 binary variables. It is established that the genetic algorithm (GA), including variants with initialization from a known feasible solution, systematically fails to reach feasibility on penalized QUBO landscapes of this scale. The reason is structural: a zero diagonal in the dominant linearization block W (accounting for 87 % of the variables) and the trap of the trivial minimum x = 0. In contrast, simulated annealing (SA) on the same Q matrix finds feasible solutions in all runs, improving the objective function by 55 % relative to the constructive heuristic. A hybrid approach is proposed: a three stage constructive heuristic “Feasibility First” generates an initial feasible solution in 1.7 seconds, after which SA optimizes it in the vicinity of the feasible region. The resulting FQUBO value is -13 197 240 (a gap of 11.6 % from the continuous relaxation) with all constraints fully satisfied. The reduction in total transportation cost (variable + fixed costs) compared to GA amounts to 65 %.
Sergey N. Silvestrov, Stanislav B. Reshetnikov, Natalia E. Kotova
Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation
Keywords: monetary policy, fiscal policy, investment policy, macro-financial compounds, inflation expectations, structural transformation
This article examines the coordination gap between monetary, fiscal, and investment policies in the contemporary Russian economy. It demonstrates that when the key rate, fiscal stimulus, and investment incentives are set in different directions, a mutual weakening of monetary and fiscal policies occurs. It also proposes an analytical framework, including a “macro-sustainability triangle” model, a coordination gap index, and a system of empirical equations for assessing the impact of monetary and fiscal stimulus on investment activity.
Vladimir Z. Balikoev, Ekaterina I. Chekranova
Novosibirsk State University of Economics and Management, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
Keywords: сredit portfolio, banking sector, loan structure, macroeconomic factors, mortgage lending, financial stability
This article presents a comprehensive analysis of the structure and dynamics of the credit portfolio of the Russian banking sector in 2020-2024 and provides a forecast of its development up to 2030, taking into account key macroeconomic factors. The study is based on statistical and comparative analysis, as well as elements of economic modeling that reflect the impact of interest rates, inflation, and government support measures on different lending segments. A comparative analysis of credit portfolio structures in Russia, the United States, the Eurozone, and China reveals that structural differences are determined by economic models, the level of financial market development, and the degree of state involvement in resource allocation. The findings indicate that the credit portfolio structure reflects not only the current state of the economy but also its institutional characteristics. The proposed approach to credit portfolio forecasting, based on differentiated sensitivity of lending segments to macroeconomic factors, contributes to the development of methodologies for analyzing banking sector dynamics and can be applied in further research on financial stability and monetary policy.
Diana A. Gafurova, Tatiyana A. Korneeva
Samara State University of Economics, Samara, Russian Federation
Keywords: sustainable development, economic entities, non-financial reporting, standardization, information disclosure
The article is devoted to the role of non-financial reporting in ensuring transparency of enterprises’ activities. The author examines the features of standards for the preparation of non-financial statements, describes the existing problems in its formation. The article suggests the recommended structure of a non-financial report, which allows for the systematization of information disclosure, and analyzes the reports of Russian companies, revealing differences in the completeness of information disclosure across various industries and indicators. As a result, measures are proposed to improve standards, formats, and procedures for providing non-financial information.
Alexandra V. Bozhechkova, Diana A. Petrova
Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), Moscow, Russian Federation
Keywords: credit activity, credit impulse, credit-to-GDP gap, Hodrick-Prescott filter, monetary policy, macroprudential regulation, Russian credit market
The article presents a comparative analysis of statistical approaches to measuring credit activity: credit growth rates, the credit-to-GDP gap (with different smoothing parameters of the Hodrick-Prescott filter), and the credit impulse. The relevance of the study is driven by the need for timely identification of credit cycle phases for monetary and macroprudential policy purposes, especially amid structural shifts in the Russian economy. Based on data from the Bank of Russia and Rosstat for the period Q1 2010 - Q1 2025, an empirical calculation of the indicators is carried out, and their ability to identify periods of credit market overheating and post-crisis recovery is assessed. Recommendations are proposed for the application of these indicators in the monitoring practice of the Bank of Russia.
Natalya I. Ovechkina, Elena S. Shmarikhina
Novosibirsk State University of Economics and Management, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
Keywords: demography, BRICS countries, population reproduction, global trends, total fertility rate
This article examines trends and developmental characteristics of key demographic processes in the BRICS member countries, particularly the total fertility rate. It also examines issues related to these countries’ contribution to global demographic processes, including population change, shifts in reproduction patterns, and other factors. Attention is paid to current trends shaping the global demographic situation.
This study investigates whether domestic investment or foreign direct investment plays a more decisive role in shaping Nigeria’s economic growth, while accounting for key macroeconomic conditions. The study employs an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model built on annual time series data for the period from 1980 to 2024. The results reveal that domestic investment exerts a positive and statistically significant effect on economic growth in both the short and long-run. Foreign direct investment stimulates growth in the short-run but shows a negative long-run association, suggesting weak sectoral linkages and limited structural transformation. Policy efforts should prioritize domestic resource mobilization, lower borrowing costs, and redirect foreign investment toward productivity enhancing sectors such as agriculture, manufacturing, information and communication technology, to ensure sustainable and inclusive economic growth in Nigeria.
Leysan A. Davletshina1, Mikhail V. Karmanov2 1State University of Management, Moscow, Russian Federation 2Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Moscow, Russian Federation
Keywords: statistics, data distortion, data interpretation, amateurism, management decisions, public consciousness, social stability
The article examines the problem of amateurism in the field of statistics and its socio-economic consequences. It analyses the key manifestations of unprofessionalism, including the distortion of terminology, the incorrect use of data sources, the erroneous application of analytical methods, and the superficial interpretation of results. The study demonstrates how such practices lead to the proliferation of false beliefs, the adoption of inefficient management decisions, and the destabilisation of public consciousness. The paper substantiates the danger of an amateurish approach to statistics as a risk factor for the social and economic stability of society.
Ilya E. Kamanin, Aleksey N. Kislyakov
Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Vladimir Branch, Vladimir, Russian Federation
Keywords: regional labor market, job clustering, multimodal data, graph neural networks, contrast learning, latent segments, Leiden algorithm, data analysis
In a dynamically changing labor market with high volatility in job openings, standard job classifications that create intuitive job categories are often insufficiently detailed for in-depth economic and statistical analysis. A particular problem arises from labor market segments that are difficult to categorize using standard classifications, which, while accumulating a significant share of vacancies, defy simple classification, distorting the sectoral structure of labor demand. This article proposes and tests a method of contrasting multimodal graph clustering for detailing latent segments of regional labor markets. The methodology is based on a multi-stage approach involving normalization and vectorization of text data on job postings using the multilingual Sentence-BERT model, filtering semantic noise by calculating contrastive residual vectors relative to the centroids of known categories, enriching the feature space with multimodal data (salary level, work experience), constructing a weighted graph based on k-nearest neighbors and partitioning it into microclusters using the Leiden algorithm, followed by hierarchical aggregation of microclusters into macrosegments of a given size and balancing semantic proximity and weight constraints. The result of the work was the identification of interpretable latent segments within a heterogeneous category, often referred to as “other”: administrative and managerial personnel, blue-collar jobs, sales personnel, and highly specialized technical and production roles. The quality of the segmentation is confirmed by compliance with the specified weight constraints (target segment size of 5000 units) and the semantic interpretability of the resulting clusters based on c-TF-IDF. The proposed approach improves the analytical value of the data, automates the updating of the occupational classifier, and can be used to monitor structural shifts in the regional economy.
Lelya G. Pashtova1,2, Aziza M. Tramova1,2, Irina K. Stepanyan2 1Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Moscow, Russian Federation 2Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation
Keywords: investment sustainability of regions, economic and mathematical modeling, integral index, regional economy, investment potential
The relevance of developing formalized tools for assessing investment sustainability is driven by the increasing spatial differentiation of socio-economic development in the Russian Federation and the growing role of investment policy in ensuring long-term economic growth. Traditional rating methodologies used to compare the investment attractiveness of territories typically rely on the aggregation of a limited set of statistical indicators and do not allow for the identification of stable structural patterns in the formation of the investment potential of regional economies. The methodological foundation of the research is based on the application of multivariate statistical analysis methods, indicator normalization, and matrix procedures for aggregating regional data. The aim of the research is to formalize an integral index of investment sustainability as a function of a normalized vector of regional indicators and a system of weighting coefficients reflecting the relative significance of investment strategy factors. The results of the research: the constructed model accounts for key components of the regional investment environment, including investment potential, institutional conditions, infrastructure endowment, and the level of investment risks. To determine the structure of weighting coefficients, the use of principal component methods and entropy criteria for the informational significance of indicators is proposed, which ensures the statistical validity of the integral assessment. Practical significance: the presented model can consider the investment space of a regional economy as a multidimensional system of interrelated parameters, in which the sustainability of investment development is determined by the structure of statistical relationships between key socio-economic characteristics of the regions.
S. V. Serdyukov, L. A. Rybalkin, I. M. Serdyuk, T. V. Shilova
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: Coal seam, hole, cryogenic treatment, liquid nitrogen, physical modeling, rock pressure, temperature, thermal map, acoustic emission, spectral processing, oscillation strength, permeability
The authors describe the research findings on cryogenic treatment of a physical model of face zone in a loaded coal seam containing a gas drainage hole. The treatment process included serial injection of liquid nitrogen in a naked hole drilled in the center of the model. Reactions of dry and water saturated coal were tested depending on hydrostatic compression. During the experiments, the change in temperature acoustic emission and permeability of coal was recorded at different distances from the hole. The engineering and methodical solutions used in observations and data processing are described. The influence of coal saturation with water on the velocity of cooling of the model medium and on the increase in its permeability is demonstrated. The utilization efficiency of liquid nitrogen in cryogenic treatment in a naked hole is estimated, based on the obtained results, the recommendations are formulated for the field tests at coal deposits.
A. F. Revuzhenko
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: Stresses, potential, equilibrium equations, non-Archimedean variables
The author introduces the concept of the resultant forces. The equilibrium equations of continuum reduce to finite algebraic equations, and the equations of moments-to differential equations. The components of the resultant forces play the role of the stress field potentials. The formulas connecting the stresses and potentials include the volumetric forces, equilibrium equations and the stress boundary conditions. The planar and three-dimensional cases, and the non-Archimedean space generalization are discussed.
V. A. Driban, N. A. Dubrova, V. V. Trofimov, A. I. Yarkova, A. V. Antipenko
Republican Academic R&D Institute of Mining Geology, Geomechanics, Geophysics and Surveying-RANIMI, Donetsk, Russia
Keywords: Ground surface subsidence, mine workings, survival analysis, neural networks, Deep Survival Machnines, censored data, event occurrence time, risk prediction, genetic algorithms
The authors focus on probability and time prediction of ground subsidence in the influence zones of underground mining. The relevance of the research is conditioned by limitedness of classical empirical and numerical methods for the assessment of mining safety in complex geological conditions, by deficiency of initial data and by the need of accounting for censored observations, i.e. events of zero ground subsidence in the observation periods. The main tool was the Deep Survival Machines model. Hyperparameters of the model were selected using genetic algorithms. The proposed model allows interpolation of ground subsidence time beyond the limits of a learning sampling and demonstrates an acceptable prediction accuracy (the average absolute error is 10-12 years). The time of occurrence of an event is systematically overestimated due to disbalance of data. two approaches are proposed for eliminating the overestimation: quantile-based interpretation of the survival function and forecast correction based on residual analysis. Modifications of the model allow a substantial reduction of the overestimation risk in the occurrence time of a ground subsidence event at the preserved acceptable accuracy. The approach can be used in estimation of underground mine stability and for decision-making on industrial safety.
L. A. Nazarov1, Li Yang2 1Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia 2School of Mechanics and Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin, China
Keywords: Coal bed, gas emission, borehole, hydraulic fracture, fluid flow, thermal effect, permeability, viscosity, heat and mass transfer model
Within the framework of pre-mining drainage of coal beds, the method of thermal treatment of coal using hydraulic fractures is substantiated for the gas liberation velocity and volume enhancement. A geomechanical model is developed and implemented numerically to describe the process of heat and mass transfer in a coal bed with regard to empirical dependences of permeability, thermal diffusivity and sorption properties of coal, as well as viscosity of gas on the temperature and pressure. The authors have solved the problem on methane emission from a horizontal coal bed fractured by two orthogonal and vertically oriented created fractures where fluid heated to 70 °C is was pre-injected, which led to an irreversible increase in permeability. Numerical experiments find out that for the typical thermophysical characteristics of a coal bed under such thermal effect, the volume of gas emission can: rise by more than three times; nonlinearly increase with the length of fractures; slightly depend on thermal diffusivity and limit methane content of coal. the obtained results can be used to enhance efficiency of preparation and mining of coal beds with high gas content.
A. I. Chanyshev, I. M. Abdulin, O. E. Belousova, O. A. Luk’ashko
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: Initial anisotropy, chain pillar, characteristic equation, simple roots, multiple roots, critical load, height, preset load, allowable width
A chain pillar is analyzed in plane deformation under vertical compression. It is assumed that the pillar is initially anisotropic, with variation of all six constants of elasticity. The influence of the initial anisotropic on the critical load in case of the pillar instability is estimated using the Leibenzon-Ishlinsky approach. For different multiplicities of roots of a characteristic equation, depending on constants of elastic stiffness, the values of critical loads when the pillar loses stability are found. In case of the simple roots, the critical load is found from the equality of the forth order determinant to zero. For the multiple roots, an analytical formula is obtained, which connects the critical load with the elastic constants and geometrical parameters of the pillar, generalizing the known relation for the initial isotropic medium by Ishlinsky. The influence of the ratio of all elastic constants to the Young modulus of material under vertical compression on the peak load values is analyzed. The cases when the critical width of a pillar, such that it can lose its stability, is determined at the known height of the pillar and its preset load are discussed. The substantial role of different moduli of the test material in the compression direction and across it is revealed, and the quantitative estimates of the influence exerted by the parameters of the material anisotropy on the critical load values are obtained.
A. V. Azarov, M. V. Kurlenya, A. A. Niukkanen, S. V. Serdyukov
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: Rock mass, cracks, cavity, hydraulic fracture, numerical modeling, finite element method, cohesive elements, 2D model, stress state, software tools, hydraulic fracturing path, hydraulic-natural fracture intersection conditions
The method and results of numerical modeling of hydraulic fracturing in a medium containing natural fractures and a cavity are discussed. The modified finite element method with additional cohesive elements modeling natural fractures, their growth and fluid flow in them is used. The approach and software tools developed for the approach implementation are described. The results of 2D modeling of hydraulic fracturing in a medium with one natural fracture coming to the surface of a circular opening, with a fractured layer adjoining the opening, and with a system of short fractures distributed all over the model are reported. The influence of the position and orientation of a frac initiator, stress state and properties of the medium on the hydraulic fracturing path is illustrated. The hydraulic fracturing patterns are determined, and the conditions of hydraulic-natural fracture intersection nearby the circular opening are formulated.
E. V. Zakharov
Chersky Institute of Mining of the North, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Yakutsk, Russia
Keywords: Energy intensity of failure, temperature range, freeze-thaw cycles, porosity, carbonate rocks, limestone, dolomite
The implemented research estimated the influence of multiple freeze-thaw cycles in varied temperature ranges on energy intensity of failure in dolomite from the Internatsionalnaya Pipe and in limestone of the Mokhsogolokh Quarry. It is experimentally proved that freeze-thaw in three-five cycles leads to decreasing energy intensity of failure in dolomite from the Internatsionalnaya Pipe irrespective of the temperature range. The highest decrease from 825 to 600 J/m2 (~ 27%) was observed in dolomite under ten freeze-thaw cycles in the temperature range of - 30 ... + 20°С in the samples in water medium. The energy intensity of the air-dried samples under the same conditions decreased from 825 to 700 J/m2 (~ 15%). The energy intensity of failure in limestone from the Mokhsogolokh Quarry decreased by 8-11% under five freeze-thaw cycles in water irrespective of temperature, while the energy intensity of the air-dried samples reduced by 1-8%.
I. Yu. Rasskazov1, A. Yu. Cheban2, S. A. Shemyakin3, I. N. Pugachev1, T. G. Konareva2 1Khabarovsk Federal Research Center, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Khabarovsk, Russia 2Institute of Mining, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Khabarovsk, Russia 3Pacific National University, Khabarovsk, Russia
Keywords: Low-grade or stockpiles, large-batch sorting, ore mass segregation, enriched fine fractions, pay layer, heap leaching
Opencast mining of nonferrous and precious metals involves extraction of large volumes of low-grade material which is stockpiled. The scientific literature review and the in-house research shows that fine fractions of low-grade ore are sometimes substantially enriched with useful component. The segregation effect observed in stockpiling using dump trucks ensures concentration of fine fractions at the top of a stockpile. An improved process flow diagram is proposed for the formation of the upper pay layer of a stockpile, that includes differentiation of the low-grade ore mass by the useful component content at an ore control station with the further dumping of two piles using dump trucks. The rational boundary for the low-grade ore separation by the valuable metal content is advised to determine from the condition of impossibility of a pay layer creation in one of the piles. After stockpiling, selective extraction of the pay layer is carried out, with sending the additionally produced mineral raw material to processing together with lean ore.
I. A. Meshkov, B. L. Tal’gamer, N. V. Murzin
Irkutsk National Research Technical University, Irkutsk, Russia
Keywords: Placers, dredge, productivity, inter-pass pillars, oblique front bank, advances axis offset, grapho-analytical method, bucket fill factorm, technical and economic optimization, software
The article describes the analysis of the parameters of an oblique front bank cut by dredges with the bucket capacity of 250 and 380 l in different geotechnical conditions. The database formation is described using the grapho-analytical modeling. The introduction of a term advance axis offset relative to the front bank center as a parameter linearly correlated with the dredge swing angle is justified. The calculation procedure of dredge productivity is proposed; it is verified by the field observation data. this procedure takes into account the change in the dredge swing angle and in the bucket fill factor. The economic evaluation of the dredging efficiency in the transition to the oblique front bank is carried out. Using the method of the discrete parametric optimization, the conditions are determined for recommending the use of the oblique front bank. A software is designed for the automated choice of optimal parameters for the oblique front bank in dredging in various geological conditions.
S. Yu. Vasichev
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: Flat-lying ore bodies, rock mass, depth, ore body thickness, mining, system, extdaction, modeling, stress state, caving, backfill, roof, stope, pillar, strength, stability, safety, efficiency
The author addressing the problem of selecting a rational underground technology for deep-level mining of flat-lying ore bodies. A mixed-type technology is proposed, with the controlled caving and cemented paste backfill as the mutually complementary components of single stoping flowchart. This solution allows the targeted adjustment of stress distribution in rock mass, decrease of the risk of hazardous deformations and maintenance of the stability of structural elements of stoping at different stages of mining. It is found that the cave zone formation ensures relaxation of backfill and temporal ore pillars, as well as decreases the probability of uncontrollable failure in adjacent rock mass. the technical and economic analysis shows that this mixed-type technology is the most effective in mining low-grade and crude ore at depths where conventional systems with backfill are expensive and cave mining systems become unsafe and inefficient because of higher ore loss and dilution. The mixed-type technology is recommended for deep and flat-lying ore bodies as it ensures safety, completeness and higher quality of extraction, as well as its economic efficiency.
I. A. Iov1, I. V. Zyryanov2, N. K. Kuznetsov1, A. V. Konyushevskiy3 1Irkutsk National Research Technical University, Irkutsk, Russia 2Polytechnic Institute (Branch), Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University, Mirny, Russia 3Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Yekaterinburg, Russia
Keywords: Electric shovel, implement, hydraulic shovel, proportions, wurf, golden section
Spotlight is on common patterns in linear parameters of electric and hydraulic shovel implements and biomechanics of higher verterbrates. Using the fundamental composition concept of robotic biomechanical systems, connected with the three-tier structure and stable ratios of their link lengths, proportions of shovel implements were analyzed and their correlation with the human hand is demonstrated. The forms of symmetry, based on prime relations and wurf, are found, materialized in the mechanism irrespective of an engine type and a bucket capacity. The influence of the ratios of link lengths on the technical characteristics of implements and productivity of the machines is shown. the research findings point at the further improvement trends for the mining shovels using the principles of mechanics and physiology of movement of living organisms, and open up new opportunities in the field of geometrical synthesis of shovel implements.
N. G. Keleberda
All-Russian Institute for Advanced Training of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, Domodedovo, Russia
Keywords: dialogic pedagogy, erotapokrisis, digital education, dialogue, hermeneutics, Logos, existential engagement, value reflection, pedagogical ethics, personal integrity
Introduction. This article is devoted to the reconstruction of the erotapocritic model of St. Maximus the Confessor and its comparative analysis with E. Matusov’s dialogic pedagogy in the context of the digitalization of education. The relevance of the study stems from the deficit of existential engagement and motivation among learners in distance learning formats. The aim of the research was to reconstruct the erotapocritic learning model based on St. Maximus the Confessor’s treatise Questions to Thalassius (Quaestiones ad Thalassium) as an ontopedagogical project capable of compensating for the fragmentation of knowledge and existential uncertainty, and to examine its compatibility with the concept of dialogic pedagogy. Methodology. The object of the study is the pedagogical potential of the erotapocritic learning model in the Questions to Thalassius, while the subject comprises the structural analogies between the question-and-answer practice and the modern dialogic paradigm. The research employs comparative-hermeneutic analysis and conceptual modeling. Discussion. The analysis reveals that Maximus’s “discernment” of ontological levels and synthesis in the Logos complement Matusov’s “internally persuasive discourse”, enabling the transcendence of axiological dualism. A strategy is proposed that integrates critical reflection on values with the ontological restoration of personal integrity. Conclusion. The synthesis of these approaches establishes an ethics of pedagogical interaction focused on cultivating responsible subjects. Future work will involve empirical testing of the model within humanities education and the development of digital scenarios based on “repetition with deepening”.
S. N. Gamayunov
Tver State Technical University, Tver, Russia
Keywords: digital double, digital heteronomy, evaluative reductionism, face of the Other, hospitality, practice of recognition, society of control, act of subjective breakthrough, ethics of pedagogical attention
Introduction. The spread of evaluative reductionism in higher education generates an anthropological crisis: the learner is increasingly reduced to a set of behavioral patterns subject to classification and optimization. The aim of this article is to reveal the anthropological foundations of this reduction and outline paths toward an ethics of pedagogical attention, in which the human being ceases to be an object of measurement and becomes a subject of joint judgment. Methodology. The theoretical foundation comprises Heidegger’s concept of Gestell (enframing), Deleuze’s “society of control”, Arendt’s “totalitarian thinking”, Levinas’s visage (face of the Other), and Derrida’s hospitality. The methodological apparatus includes phenomenological analysis, hermeneutic interpretation, and ethical reflection. A review of 2020-2025 literature shows that while Russian philosophical-pedagogical discourse has developed sustained criticism of educational digitalization, the anthropological foundations of this criticism remain insufficiently explored. Discussion. It is shown that reducing the learner to a “data point” constitutes a new form of heteronomy, where an external algorithm replaces the subject’s inner autonomy. Through Levinas’s visage and Derrida’s hospitality, the possibility of a practice of recognition that disrupts metric totality is substantiated. A distinction is proposed between two modes of pedagogical interaction: the “evaluative gaze”, which fixes deviations from the norm, and the “encounter”, in which the uniqueness of the other opens up. The temporal structure of the educational event is analyzed: the digital system operates exclusively in chronological time (chronos), leaving aside the moment of authentic insight (kairos). The limitations of Learning Analytics are critically examined as reproducing the positivist logic of reductionism and failing to capture the qualitative distinctiveness of educational experience. Conclusion. The study concludes that restoring the human dimension in assessment is imperative: a transition from fixing behavioral markers to an ethics of joint judgment, where the teacher acts as a witness to the act of subjective breakthrough. Prospects for further research in the anthropology of the educational event are outlined.
D. V. Gryaznykh
University of Tyumen, Tyumen, Russia
Keywords: lesson (urok), subjectivation, spiritual exercise, dialogue, reflection, paraskeuē, philosophy of education, Russian philosophy
Introduction. In the context of the pragmatization of education, the teaching of philosophy transcends the mere transmission of information and becomes a search for methods of personal development. A review of the literature reveals a consensus regarding the understanding of philosophy as a space for personal formation; however, the notion of the “lesson” (urok) as an ontological and existential outcome remains conceptually underdeveloped. Methodology. The study is grounded in a synthesis of three complementary approaches. The hermeneutic approach allows philosophy to be examined as a practice of “care of the self” (epimeleia heautou) and a set of “spiritual exercises,” in which the text functions not as a source of information but as a medium for the transformation of the subject. The dialogical approach conceives of philosophical cognition as an event of the encounter between consciousnesses, wherein truth is born at the point of contact between voices. The philosophical-anthropological approach centres on the human being as a subject of becoming, whose education constitutes an event of profound personal transformation. Discussion. The personal lesson in philosophical education is conceptualized as an ontological event possessing the nature of a crisis and a turning point: it is not reducible to knowledge or competencies but transforms the individual’s mode of being. A model for the extraction of the lesson is proposed, unfolding within the space of interaction between text, dialogue, and reflection. The teacher ceases to be a transmitter of ready-made truths and becomes a mentor who practices parrhesia (frank speech) and the courage to be “non-knowing” alongside the student. The approbation of the model through the material of the Russian philosophical tradition has confirmed its heuristic potential. Conclusion. The conceptualization of the lesson as a personal outcome makes it possible to restore to university philosophy the status of a “spiritual exercise” that forms an autonomous personality under conditions of uncertainty. The lesson is understood as an inner disposition of the soul, enabling the preservation of the capacity for existential wonder.
N. K. Tuktamyshov
Kazan State University of Architecture and Engineering, Kazan, Russia
Keywords: mathematical picture of the world, structure of understanding, understanding mathematics, meaningfulness, perezhivanie, mathematics education, cultural-historical theory
Introduction. The article is devoted to substantiating the concept of the mathematical picture of the world as a structure of understanding formed in the educational process. The relevance of the study is associated with the gap between the formal acquisition of mathematical procedures and the meaningful understanding of mathematical content, when a student is able to perform algorithms but does not perceive mathematical objects as a system of relations, dependencies, and regularities. Methodological foundations. The study is based on the analysis of scientific literature and the comparison of approaches to the problem of understanding in mathematics education. Special attention is paid to clarifying the concept of the mathematical picture of the world as a way of describing the structure of the subject’s experience. The theoretical basis of the study is formed by ideas from phenomenology, philosophy of education, philosophy of mind, and cultural-historical theory. To describe the transition from formal assimilation of mathematical content to its meaningful understanding, the notions of the structure of experience, the structure of understanding, worldview, meaningfulness, and experience are employed. Discussion. It is shown that existing approaches to the analysis of understanding mathematics describe particular aspects of the acquisition of concepts, procedures, and problem-solving methods, but do not fully explain how mathematical content becomes included in the structure of the subject’s experience and becomes meaningful. The article proposes an interpretation of the mathematical picture of the world as a structure of distinctions, relations, and interpretations. It is argued that understanding mathematics can be represented as a transition from an everyday way of organizing experience to a mathematical one. Perezhivanie is considered as a condition that initiates the transformation of the structure of understanding and the transition from the external acquisition of content to its internal meaningfulness. Conclusion. It is argued that understanding mathematical content is connected not only with the acquisition of knowledge and methods of action, but also with the transformation of the structure of the subject’s experience. The introduction of the concept of the mathematical picture of the world makes it possible to describe the transition from the formal performance of mathematical procedures to meaningful understanding as a process of changing the distinctions, relations, and interpretations through which the subject perceives and interprets reality.
