Home – Home – Jornals – Avtometriya 2026 number 5

The paper presents the results of the search for a unified solution to the problem of constructing an automatic control system for aircraft with various aerodynamic configurations. The structure of an aircraft motion control system based on a total energy control method in the longitudinal channel and a full heading control method in the lateral channel is presented. The results of motion simulations for several aircraft models with a control system are presented, demonstrating combined control of the longitudinal flight path and speed, coordinated turns, compensation for dynamic and static thrust asymmetry, and priority speed control when approaching thrust limits. The research results confirm the possibility of creating an effective aircraft control system based on the total energy method.

For dynamic diffraction experiments at the "Plasma" section of Station 1-3 ("Fast Processes") at the SKIF Shared Research Facility, the SciCODE semiconductor one-dimensional detector-which operates in direct X-ray photon counting mode - is being developed. Photons are absorbed in a semiconductor microstrip sensor, with each strip connected to an input contact of the SciCODE64C bare-die readout chip. The chip features 64 channels arranged with a 70 µm pitch. Each channel comprises a charge-sensitive amplifier, a shaping amplifier, four comparators with adjustable thresholds, four 8-bit counters, an output shift register, and a control register. This article describes the design of the readout chip and presents initial results from the measurement of its key characteristics.

The possibility of using a typical PID controller to organize an automatic extremum seeking in systems with a second-order dynamic plant and a nonlinear quality function that has a minimum or maximum is considered in this paper. To reduce potential control peaks, it is proposed to modify the controller by moving the proportional and derivative components to the feedback channel relative to the dynamic component of the plant. Additionally, a special low-pass filter is added to suppress the influence of measurement noise. Extremum seeking with incomplete information about the quality function is organized by using an estimate of the extremum characteristic gradient in the controller. A synchronous detection method is proposed for obtaining this estimate. The parameters of the PID controller are determined using the large coefficient method and the modal approach with the desired distribution of roots in the system. The controller calculated in this way ensures the achievement of an extremum in statics, as well as robustness in relation to changes in the dynamic part parameters of the plant. The presented results of numerical simulation of the system in MatLab illustrate its main properties.

A method that allows representing timing diagrams describing the operation of large physics facilities as a system of linear equations and graphs is presented in this article. Constraints for such diagrams are represented as a system of linear inequalities. The presented method allows convenient modification and verification of complex timing diagrams. The software that built on the basis of this method is discussed. It is currently used to define and edit a timing diagram of more than 2,000 events at a large accelerator complex.

The development of a decentralized control algorithm for a dense configuration of a group of mobile robots is considered. A modification of the heuristic algorithm is presented, which includes adaptive parameters for robot interaction, enhanced attraction to the target position in the near zone, and an angular displacement mechanism to reduce the effect of local minima. A software system for numerical simulation based on ROS and Gazebo has been developed to study the reconfiguration processes in a group of mobile robots. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is assessed through numerical simulation and comparative analysis with a classical control algorithm.

The paper substantiates a generalized method for calculating the phase transmission functions of modified lenses with increased depth of focus. An approach is proposed that uses not only the ray equation, but also a method for specifying a condition that determines the redistribution of energy from certain zones of the optical element to certain areas of the caustic. This allows you to specifically select the type of aberrations introduced. For three types of radiant energy flux power gradients, the types of aberrations introduced using aspherics were determined, and the phase transmission functions of the modified lenses were found. In the Kirchhoff-Fresnel scalar approximation, the intensity distribution in caustics is calculated. The intensity distributions along the optical axis of the focal segments of the modified lenses show significant fluctuations relative to the average values. The average values vary along the optical axis and have a magnitude of about 10^-2 of the intensity at the focus of an ideal lens. The sizes of axisymmetric scattering circles in different sections of the focal segment also vary significantly relative to the Airy circle of the lens.

This paper addresses the problem of multifactor efficiency analysis of complex technological processes under conditions of physical heterogeneity and high dimensionality of experimental data. The aim of the study is to develop an algorithm for the comparative analysis of operating conditions based on the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method, providing interpretable efficiency assessments and identifying potential directions for process optimization. The catalytic methane pyrolysis process is considered as the object of investigation. An algorithm integrating preliminary statistical analysis with a set of DEA models (CCR, BCC, Super-Efficiency, and SBM) has been developed. The proposed approach enables efficiency evaluation, analysis of scale properties, and quantitative determination of input and output parameter reserves. A decision-making matrix integrating comparative efficiency scores, scale efficiency indicators, and parameter reserves into a unified analytical tool is proposed. The matrix allows ranking of operating conditions, identification of inefficient process regimes, and determination of priority directions for optimization and scaling. The proposed approach was validated using experimental data obtained from an operating methane pyrolysis unit, including 546 measurements collected under 25 technological operating conditions.

Vertical PIN mesa-photodetectors in the wavelength range 1310-1550 nm based on Ge/Si heterostructures have been fabricated and characterized.The undoped and doped Ge layers were grown by molecular beam epitaxy on Si(100) highly doped p-type substrates. The level of Sb doping in the n+ region and the Si diffusion profile in Ge were determined by secondary ion mass spectrometry. The threading dislocation density was reduced to 2·10⁷ cm^-2 due to the implementation of a two-stage growth process for Ge followed by thermal annealing. According to X-ray diffractometry data, the residual tensile deformation of the Ge epitaxial layer on a silicon substrate after annealing was +0.11%. At a reverse bias of 1-2 V, the photodetectors showed high sensitivity at a wavelength of 1310 nm (0.5 A/W with a thickness of 1.5 µm) with a moderate dark current density (1-2×10^-2 A/cm²). These results are promising for the efficient development of photonic integrated circuits on silicon.