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2020 year, number 10
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K.G. Gribanov1, I.V. Zadvornykh1, V.I. Zakharov1,2
1Institute of Natural Sciences, Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Yekaterinburg, Russia
2N.N. Krasovskii Institute of Mathematics and Mechanics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russia
Keywords: атмосфера, спутниковое зондирование, IASI, изотопологи углекислого газа, atmosphere, satellite remote sensing, IASI, carbon dioxide isotopologues
Abstract >>
The feasibility of developing a method for retrieval of the relative content of 13СО2/12СО2 in the atmosphere as a result of solving the inverse problem of satellite sounding of the atmosphere in the thermal infrared range with IASI spectrometers has been studied. In the model experiment, synthetic spectra were used with resolution and noise level characteristic of an improved version of the IASI-NG spectrometer. In computational experiments, it was shown that the vertical profiles of the 13CO2 concentration and the relative 13CO2/12CO2 content in the atmosphere are quite satisfactorily retrieved in the troposphere for the altitude range 2-11 km, which seems promising for future applications of the method suggested.
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I.N. Smalikho
V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk, Russia
Keywords: когерентный доплеровский лидар, коническое сканирование, ветер, турбулентность, coherent Doppler lidar, conical scanning, wind, turbulence
Abstract >>
Using the Taylor’s hypothesis of “frozen" turbulence, the technique suggested in [Smalikho I.N., Banakh V.A. Measurements of wind turbulence parameters by a conically scanning coherent Doppler lidar in the atmospheric boundary layer // Atmospheric Measurement Techniques. 2017. V. 10, N 11. P. 4191-4208] is improved. In contrast to the previously applied approach, the technique improved provides for unbiased estimates of the dissipation rate for arbitrary values of the ratio of the average wind speed to the linear speed of the conical scan. Based on the results of theoretical calculations, the conditions are determined under which it is not necessary to take into account the wind transfer of turbulent inhomogeneities when estimating the dissipation rate from measurements by conically scanning pulsed coherent Doppler lidars.
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T.A. Mikhailova1, E.A. Kashchaeva2, K.S. Masharov2, E.A. Buraeva1, Yu.V. Popov3, I.A. Verbenko1
1Research Institute of Physics, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
2Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
3Institute for Earth Sciences, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
Keywords: аэрозоли, радионуклиды, тяжелые металлы, aerosols, radionuclides, heavy metals
Abstract >>
We present the results of the study of the radionuclide composition of atmospheric aerosols and seasonal behavior of pollutants in the surface air layer in Rostov-on-Don, located in the steppe zone. The data were obtained from the study of atmospheric aerosol samples taken in 2001-2009. The bulk activity of radionuclides was measured using the gamma-spectrometric radionuclide analysis. It is shown that the seasonal behavior of radionuclides in the atmosphere shows spring-summer maxima and autumn-winter minima in their bulk activity. This behavior is caused by changes in weather parameters. According to the index of atmospheric pollution with radionuclides, it is shown that the highest degree of radiation hazard for the city is associated with the product of 222Rn-210Pb decay. The special significance of 137Cs as a potentially dangerous radionuclide in the event of a major nuclear accident is noted.
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R.Yu. Pozhitkov1, A.A. Tigeev1, D.V. Moskovchenko1,2
1Institute of the problems of Northern development, Tyumen Scientific Centre SB RAS, Tyumen, Russia
2University of Tyumen, Tyumen, Russia
Keywords: твердый осадок снега, пылевая нагрузка, снеговые индексы, Западная Сибирь, нефтедобыча, урбанизированные территории, snow solid phase, dust load, snow indicpes, Western Siberia, oil production, urbanized territories
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The dust deposition to the snow cover in the city of Nizhnevartovsk is assessed. It is shown that background concentration of particles in the snow averages 12.0 mg/l, which 4 times exceeds the values of the reference non-polluted territories. This difference may be caused by oil production facilities. The snow in the urban area is highly enriched with dust particles. The deposition fluxes in the city of Nizhnevartovsk is 7.5 times higher than in background sites. It is found that dust deposition causes intense alkalinization. The results are compared with the spectral properties of snow. Snow indices (normalized difference index, normalized index, and pollution index) are calculated using Landsat-8 OLI data. Snow indices are consistent with the results of ground-based studies and can be used to assess the level of anthropogenic pollution. It is concluded that the optimal way to estimate the amount of dust deposition is to use the normalized snow index; and to assess alcalinization, to use the snow pollution index.
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V.V. Bychkov, I.N. Seredkin
Institute of Cosmophysical Research and Radio Wave Propagation of the Far-Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Science, Kamchatka region, Elizovskiy district, Paratunka, Russia
Keywords: атмосфера, ионосфера, лидар, зондирование, рассеяние, atmosphere, ionosphere, lidar, sounding, scattering
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The results of dual-frequency lidar sensing of the atmosphere at the Kamchatka lidar station (52°58¢17¢¢ N, 158°15¢07¢¢ E) are presented. The scattering signals were recorded in the altitude range 25-600 km. Lasers with radiation at wavelengths of 532.08 nm and 561.106 nm were used. The aerosol formation in the middle atmosphere and resonance scattering by excited atomic nitrogen and oxygen ions in the upper atmosphere were researched. Pronounced light-scattering layers were found at altitudes of 200-400 km. Their appearance is due to the presence of excited states of atomic oxygen and nitrogen ions. The difference in signal values at two wavelengths is discussed. A signal generation mechanism is proposed, and signal values at different wavelengths are estimated.
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S.L. Odintsov1,2, V.A. Gladkikh1, A.P. Kamardin1, I.V. Nevzorova1
1V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk, Russia
2National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
Keywords: инверсия температуры, пограничный слой атмосферы, содар, температурный профилемер, турбулентный теплообмен, ультразвуковой анемометр-термометр, temperature inversion, atmospheric boundary layer, sodar, temperature profilometer, turbulent heat exchange, sonic anemometer/thermometer
Abstract >>
The height of the zone of intense turbulent heat exchange in the atmospheric boundary layer is analyzed from experimental data obtained with acoustic meteorological lidars (sodars), temperature profilometers, and sonic anemometers/thermometers. The main purpose of the work is to study the turbulent heat exchange under conditions of temperature inversions in the winter season. The results obtained at a territory with natural landscape and an urban territory in January - February 2020 are considered. Part 1 of the work describes the technique used to obtain experimental data and the statistics of temperature inversions in the boundary layer and heights of the layer of intense turbulent heat exchange. The relation of these heights and the corresponding air temperature gradients to the surface values of the wind speed and the vertical turbulent heat flux are analyzed in Part 2.
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M.Yu. Arshinov1, V.G. Arshinova1, B.D. Belan1, D.K. Davydov1, G.A. Ivlev1, A.S. Kozlov2, L.V. Kuibida2, T.M. Rasskazchikova1, D.V. Simonenkov1, G.N. Tolmachev1, A.V. Fofonov1
1V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk, Russia
2V.V. Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: аномалия, вертикальное распределение, органический аэрозоль, приземный слой, пограничный слой, свободная атмосфера, anomaly, vertical distribution, organic aerosol, surface layer, boundary layer, free atmosphere
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The abnormal vertical distribution of organic aerosol recorded on September 14, 2018, is analyzed on the basic of aircraft sounding data. The anomaly is that, unlike the long-term average profile, this flight has shown a maximal concentration in the boundary layer, which is more than an order of magnitude higher than the previously measured concentrations. The analysis of possible sources of aerosol particle precursors revealed a fairly large sector, in the territory of which there are boreal forests, which are sources of biogenic compounds, and objects of industrial infrastructure, which emit anthropogenic compounds.
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T.B. Zhuravleva
V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk, Russia
Keywords: метод Монте-Карло, модели кристаллической облачности, угловые распределения нисходящего солнечного излучения, AERONET, Monte Carlo method, models of crystal clouds, angular distribution of downward solar radiation, AERONET
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The results of statistical simulation of transmitted solar radiation intensity in the presence of optically thin cirrus clouds for two geometrical sensing schemes - solar almucanthrate and hybrid scanning (AERONET photometric network) are considered. Numerical experiments were performed using crystal cloud models: OPAC (hexagonal particles with a smooth surface) and a model proposed by Baum B.A., Yang P., Heymsfield A.J. et al. (а mixture of particles of different shapes, hexagonal columns and aggregates of hexagonal columns with a very rough surface). Estimates of the influence of the shape and size of ice crystals on the angular distribution of downward radiation in the 440 and 870 nm spectral channels for background atmospheric situations observed in Tomsk in the summer period are presented.
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G.M. Nerobelov, Y.M. Timofeyev, S.P. Smyshlyaev, Y.A. Virolainen, M.V. Makarova, S.Ch. Foka
Saint Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
Keywords: углекислый газ, базы данных содержания газов, CAMS, локальные и дистанционные измерения, приземная концентрация, среднее отношение смеси в столбе, годовой ход, carbon dioxide, gas-content databases, CAMS, in situ and remote measurements, surface concentration, column averaged mixing ratio, annual variation
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Mixing ratio of carbon dioxide (CO2) for 2018 from CAMS database was compared with those from in situ and remote measurements carried out in Petergof (St. Petersburg, Russia). The analysis shows that the differences in surface CO2 concentration from CAMS and measurements and the correlation coefficients significantly varied depending on months. Ground-based and satellite spectroscopic measurements of column averaged CO2 mixing ratio are in a good agreement with CAMS. Even though the CAMS data which was analyzed in current research requires further development, our results have shown that the CAMS data can be used in resolving an inverse problem to derive anthropogenic emissions for the territory of Saint-Petersburg and its suburbs.
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V.M. Kopeikin1, T.Ya. Ponomareva2
1A.M. Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
2Hydrometeorological Centre of Russia, Moscow, Russia
Keywords: сажа (черный углерод, ВС), массовая концентрация аэрозоля, загрязнение атмосферы мегаполисов, обратные траектории переноса воздушных масс, soot (black carbon, BC), mass concentration of aerosol, pollution of the atmosphere of megalopolises, reverse trajectories of air mass transfer
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The data on the concentration of soot CBC (black carbon, BC) in Moscow and the inverse 5-day trajectories of air mass transfer obtained between 2003 and 2014 were used to determine the influence of advection on the level of soot pollution of the air basin of Moscow and to determine the source regions of soot outside the city. According to the results of 12-year soot measurements in Moscow, it was shown that the СBC variations are determined by the nature of the air mass circulation in the troposphere. The period from June to September 2019 was also studied with the use of inverse 10-day air mass trajectories.
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E.L. Loboda1,2, D.P. Kasymov1,2, M.V. Agafontsev1,2, V.V. Reyno2, Y.V. Gordeyev2, V.A. Tarkanova1,2, P.S. Martynov1,2, K.Y. Orlov1, K.V. Savin1, A.I. Dutov1, Yu.A. Loboda1,2
1National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
2V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk, Russia
Keywords: степной пожар, природный пожар, горение, пламя, турбулентность, метеопараметры, выбросы в атмосферу, steppe fire, wildland fire, combustion, flame, turbulence, meteorological parameters, air emissions
Abstract >>
This paper presents some results of semi-natural studies of steppe fires conducted in 2019 and 2011 at the base experimental complex of the Institute of Atmospheric Optics SB RAS. As a result of the research, the characteristics of the front of a model steppe fire and the conditions for its spread were established. The effect of a modal fire on meteorological parameters (temperature and relative humidity, vertical component of wind velocity), turbulence characteristics in the combustion zone, gas and aerosol composition of the atmosphere in the immediate vicinity of the fire was recorded.
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