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Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics

2022 year, number 8

1.
Estimation of the orientation type of H2O molecules in the adsorbed layer on the surface of SiO2 airgel nanopores

Yu.N. Ponomarev1, V.N. Cherepanov1, R.T. Nasibulin1, A.A. Simonova1
National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
Keywords: aerogel, nanopores, intermolecular interaction

Abstract >>
The possibility of determining the orientation of H2O molecules adsorbed on the surface of SiO2 airgel nanopores is studied. The interaction energy of a free H2O molecule with H2O molecules adsorbed on the surface of a nanopore are quantum-chemical calculated for the cases of their chaotic and ordered orientations. Experimental data on the broadening of the vibrational-rotational absorption lines of H2O in airgel nanopores are analyzed. It is shown that the experimental data correspond to the model of orderly oriented H2O molecules on the surface of nanopores.



2.
Broadening and shift coefficients of H2O absorption lines induced by CO2 pressure in the 2.7 mm spectral region

V.M. Deichuli, T.M. Petrova, A.A. Solodov, A.M. Solodov
V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk, Russia
Keywords: water molecule, broadening and shift coefficients, Fourier spectroscopy, carbon dioxide

Abstract >>
The H2O absorption lines broadened by the carbon dioxide pressure were recorded using IFS 125 HR Fourier spectrometer in the spectral region of 3760-4160 cm-1. The values of the broadening and shift coefficients of the H2O absorption lines are determined for the Voigt profile and the modified Voigt profile which takes into account the dependence of the broadening on the speed of the colliding molecules. The parameters of the H2O absorption lines obtained in the work allow more accurate determination of the H2O concentration in the carbon dioxide atmospheres of the planets, as well as more accurate calculation of these parameters for other spectral regions.



3.
Laser-induced fluorescence of PO-photofragments of organophosphates

S.M. Bobrovnikov1,2, E.V. Gorlov1,2, V.I. Zharkov1, A.D. Safyanov1,2
1V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk, Russia
2National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
Keywords: organophosphates, laser fragmentation, phosphorus oxide, PO-fragment, laser-induced fluorescence

Abstract >>
Results of calculating the spectrum of phosphorus monoxide (PO) fluorescence bands are presented. It is shown that the use of excitation radiation with wavelengths near the bandheads of the ( P22 + Q12) and P12 branches of the A2Σ+ ( v ′ = 0) - X2Π3/2 ( v ″ = 0) band provides a spectral separation of the γ (0, 1) PO fluorescence band and the vibrational-rotational Raman spectrum of oxygen. The spectra of the γ (0, 1) fluorescence band of PO fragments of dimethylmethylphosphonate and the vibrational-rotational band of spontaneous Raman scattering on atmospheric oxygen molecules were experimentally obtained under exposure to KrF-laser radiation at a wavelength of 247.78 nm. It is shown that the results of calculations of the shape and position of the fluorescence spectra are in good agreement with the experimental data.



4.
Study of the R-branch of the 3n3 band of 13CH4 in the 1 mm region

V.I. Serdyukov, L.N. Sinitsa, N.M. Emelyanov
V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk, Russia
Keywords: Fourier spectroscopy, absorption spectrum, methane, line identification, 3 band

Abstract >>
The absorption spectrum of 13CH4 in the range from 9000 to 9200 cm-1 is studied using a Bruker IFS-125M Fourier spectrometer at temperatures from 208 to 296 K. The lines of the R-branch of the 3ν313CH4 band are identified up to the rotational quantum number J = 11. The list of identified lines includes nine previously unknown lines with high rotational quantum numbers. For the first time, 32 levels of the state (0030) of the 13CH4 molecule were interpreted according to the symmetry types ( А1, А2, F1, F2, E ) up to J = 10.



5.
The choice of optical properties of soot particles for description of solar radiation absorption in the atmosphere and on the Earth's surface

E.V. Gurentsov, A.V. Eremin, R.N. Kolotushkin
Joint Institute for High Temperatures of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
Keywords: soot particles, absorption of solar radiation, refractive index function, average size of soot particles

Abstract >>
New data are presented on the dependence of the function of the refractive index of soot particles on their average size in the visible and near-IR spectral regions found by the method of laser-induced incandescence. The sunlight absorption by soot aerosols is currently calculated with a value of the refractive index function of about 0.2 at a wavelength of 550 nm regardless of the origin of soot particles and their variability. The new data confirm the dependence of the optical properties of soot on the size of particles and conditions of their formation, which is related to the degree of their graphitization. It is shown that the solar radiation absorption by soot aerosol can double as compared to the commonly accepted values if taking into account the particle size distribution.



6.
Variations in the concentrations of heavy metals in dust aerosol in the southern and central Tajikistan

Sh.Kh. Khalifaeva, S.F. Abdullaev, V.A. Maslov, M.N. Rakhmatov
S.U. Umarov Physical-Technical Institute of Academy of Sciences of Rebublic of Tajikistan, S.U. Umarov Physical-Technical Institute of Academy of Sciences of Rebublic of Tajikistan Dushanbe, Tajikistan
Keywords: elemental composition, heavy metal, correlation analysis, reverse trajectore, atmospheric aerosol, dust storm, statistical analysis, interannual variation

Abstract >>
Statistical parameters are presented for the concentrations of heavy metals of the first, second, and fourth hazard classes in dust samples. The correlation analysis of the concentrations of some heavy metals is carried out. The interannual variations in the concentrations of Co, As, Ni, Pb, Zn, Cu, Fe2O3, V, MnO, Cr, TiO2, and Sr in samples of atmospheric aerosol in south-central part of Tajikistan are studied. The air mass motion trajectories are constructed according to the HYSPLIT model, which correspond to transport of the pollutants.



7.
Assessment of the distribution of suspended matter according to bio-optical indices, taking into account the influence of hydrometeorological factors in the coastal zone of the Crimea

T.Ya. Shul’ga1,2, L.V. Verzhevskaia1, A.V. Medvedeva1, I.A. Svishcheva1
1Marine Hydrophysical Institute National Academy of the RAS, Sevastopol, Russia
2State Oceanographic Institute named after N.N. Zubov, Roshydromet, Moscow, Russia
Keywords: remote sensing data, water pollution, regional atmospheric reanalysis, bio-optical index, suspended matter, Black Sea, Crimea

Abstract >>
The study shows a possibility of practical application of remote sensing data for digital marking and determination of the areas with a high content of suspended matter in sea coastal waters. Using the example of the region at the southwestern coast of Crimea, the relationship between seasonal and domestic winds and cases of increased suspended matter content is shown based on data of high- and medium-resolution optical satellite sensors in 2017-2019. The contribution of continental runoff depends on season; it is weaker compared to the action of the wind. The approach suggested can be useful for prompt mapping of the dynamics of suspended matter based on satellite observations from several sources.



8.
Relationship between particulate air pollution and mortality: the case of Tomsk, Russia

N.V. Dudorova, B.D. Belan
V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk, Russia
Keywords: particular matter, pollution, air, mortality, health, town

Abstract >>
The impact of suspended particles in the urban air on the health of different groups of the population of Tomsk, Russia, is studied. It is shown that women are generally most susceptible to the adverse effects of aerosol air pollution and extreme (high summer and low winter) air temperatures. Women at age of 65-74 are the most vulnerable to the environment hazards. The age-and-sex matched analysis of mortality allows us to determined groups of population (age, causes of death) the most sensitive to high aerosol concentrations and extreme air temperatures: women at age of 65-74, cancer of the digestive system, breast cancer, and acute myocardial infarction; women at age 34-50, undetermined causes; women at age 75-87, breast-pang; men at age 53-65, other forms of coronary artery disease; men at age 78+, male reproductive organ cancer. It is shown that the general mortality of the population is mainly due factors not studied in this work. However, the risk of the negative impact of air pollution is significant for the selected groups of population in the region under study.



9.
Surface ozone over Moscow during the COVID-19 pandemic

E.V. Stepanov1, V.V. Andreev2, L.V. Konovaltseva2, S.G. Kasoev1
1Prokhorov General Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
2Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia
Keywords: atmosphere, air, surface ozone, maximum permissible concentration, surface air layer, troposphere, ozone precursor, pandemic, COVID-19, lockdown

Abstract >>
The results of surface ozone monitoring in the atmosphere of Moscow in 2020 and 2021 under lockdown associated with the COVID-19 pandemic are presented. These two years significantly differed in meteorological conditions and the level of anthropogenic impact on the environment. A relatively low for metropolis concentrations of surface O3 were observed in Moscow in 2020. The annual average value was 28 mg/m3, and the annual maximum was 185 mg/m3. That was due to a combination of relatively cool weather with low levels of pollutants in the air. Several intense heat waves were observed in the metropolis under conditions of a blocking anticyclone during summer 2021, daytime temperatures rose to 35 °C. Along with higher air pollution, that resulted in unusually high O3 concentrations. The annual average value was 48 mg/m3, and the annual maximum was 482 mg/m3.



10.
Backscattering properties of optical and electromagnetic waves with remote sensing of cirrus clouds by 0.355 mm polarizing lidar and 94 GHz radar

V.A. Shishko1,2, D.N. Timofeev1, A.V. Konoshonkin1, N.V. Kustova1, N. Kan1, I.V. Tkachev1, K. Masuda3, H. Ishimoto3, H. Okamoto4, A.G. Borovoi1
1V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk, Russia
2National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
3Meteorological Research Institute, Nagamine, Japan
4Kyushu University, Kasuga, Japan
Keywords: light scattering, lidar, radar, physical optics, discrete dipole approximation, atmospheric ice crystal, cirrus cloud

Abstract >>
The problem of electromagnetic scattering on ice crystals of cirrus clouds was solved for 94 GHz radar (wavelength 3189 mm) and lidar (wavelength 0.355 mm) with the refractive indices of ice - 1.7864 + 0.0032 × i and 1.3249 + 0 × i respectively. The scattering matrices were calculated within the physical optics approximation and the discrete dipole approximation for the case of randomly oriented particles. The particle sizes varied from 4 to 1000 mm. It was possible to correctly calculate the ratio of the radar and lidar signals in the backscattering direction, called the radar-lidar ratio. The ratio was obtained for the wide particle size distribution for typical shapes of cirrus cloud ice crystals. It is shown that this ratio can be used to estimate the size of ice crystals in cirrus clouds.



11.
New radiation complex at the Moscow State University Meteorological Observatory of the BSRN standard: methodological aspects and first measurement results

N.E. Chubarova, V.A. Rosental, E.Yu. Zhdanova, A.A. Poliukhov
Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
Keywords: net radiation, BSRN measurement complex, ultraviolet radiation, UV index, monitoring, short-wave and long-wave radiation

Abstract >>
The operational features of the new RAD-MSU(BSRN) robotic radiation complex, mounted at the MSU Meteorological Observatory in 2021, are discussed. Though the RAD-MSU(BSRN) complex is not a part of BSRN (Baseline Surface Radiation Network), it is equipped with a full set of instruments recommended by the BSRN, including for measurements of all components of net radiation, UVA radiation, erythemal UV radiation, and sunshine duration. The specially developed software for visualization and processing of measurement data, including evaluation of data quality criteria, is described. The main features of variability of the components of net radiation and UV radiation in 2021 are analyzed.



12.
Optimal light focusing by a Fresnel mesowavelength phase plate with stepped zone profile

Yu.E. Geints, E.K. Panina
V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk, Russia
Keywords: near-field light focusing, Fresnel zone plates, mesowavelength scatterer, diffraction limit

Abstract >>
The results of numerical simulation of the optical radiation focusing by Fresnel zone plates (ZP) with the wavelength-scale (mesowavelength) dimensions and a two-layer profile of phase ridges are presented. We show that the dimensions and intensity of the focusing area are sensitive to the type of ZP design. By changing the phase step shape (height and width of plate faces) it is possible to significantly improve the characteristics of the light field in the focusing region due to smoothing the wave phase profile after passing through individual ZP layers. A comparison is made with the case of a conventional binary ZP.



13.
Estimation of primary production in the water of the coastal zone of the lake Baikal on the basis of the daily variations in CO2 concentration in different seasons of 2005-2021

V.M. Domysheva1, M.V. Panchenko2, D.A. Pestunov2, M.V. Sakirko1, A.M. Shamrin2
1Limnological Institute of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, Irkutsk, Russia
2V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk, Russia
Keywords: lake Baikal, carbon dioxide, water-atmosphere flux, diurnal variation, partial pressure, gross primary and net production, phytoplankton

Abstract >>
The paper estimates the gross and net primary production based on long-term series of complex measurements of carbon dioxide concentrations in the near-water atmosphere and surface and bottom water, as well as fluxes in the “water - atmosphere” system for the most characteristic seasonal cycles of the life of the Baikal plankton. The calculations were carried out according to the scheme similar to the diel method. With regard to the conditions of the coastal zone, the analysis of methodological issues was carried out, neglect of which can lead to a significant uncertainty in these characteristics. It is shown that in this scheme, having only CO2 concentration measurement data, it is not possible to correctly estimate the net primary production. For periods of open water, its calculation was carried out using the daily average CO2 flux. The results of the assessment of bioproductivity, carried out in detail for individual series of measurements in different periods, quite adequately show the main features and are consistent with the data of long-term observations.