Home – Home – Jornals – Flora and Vegetation of Asian Russia 2023 number 4

Based on the results of field research and study of collections stored in Herbariums LE, MW, MHA, B, NSK, NS, TK, PR, PRC, ALTB, HAL, UBA, UUH, KUZ, TAD, TASH, a critical revision of the taxonomic composition and geographical distribution was carried out species of the section Recurvata (Knuth) Novosselova of the genus Geranium L. in Asiatic Russia. Morphological signs of sectional and subsectional ranks are given; main diagnostic morphological features of species. For the first time maps of ranges for species G. pratense L., G. transbaicalicum Serg., G. collinum Steph. ex Willd. New data on the distribution of G. affine Ledeb., G sergievskajae (Peschkova) Troshkina and G. turczaninovii (Peschkova) Troshkina are presented.

The Kuznetsk basin is one of the richest by the coal budget in the world, and hydraulic mining is in use there. The resulting large areas of disturbed lands have a negative influence on the local people health. Rather actual in this connection are activities to neutralise the environment pollution, to reclaim the disturbed lands, and also to reveal and introduce new and promising plant species. In this work we study the agrophytocoenosis created in 1989 by the authors on the hydraulic spoil bank of “Mokhovsky” open-cut coal mine (Kemerovo region). Based on long-term observations (years 1990-1993 and 1998) we establish that the artificial plant community on the hydraulic spoil bank is highly sustainable and its development is not similar to that on the zonal soils. The legume-grass base of our agrophytocoenosis is remaining to prevail during all the observation period, whereas legumes fall away within 2-3 years on the zonal soils. The productivity of our plant community is close to or higher than that of zonal plant communities. Maximal productivity of air-dry phytomass (63 cwt/ha) is observed on the second year of our agrophytocoenosis. The main contribution to the above-ground phytomass is due to legumes and grasses. The vertical structure of our plant community features a remarkable height of the herbage; and the main part (85 %) of the above-ground phytomass is contained in the layer 0-35 cm. It is so called near-surface vertical distribution (according to G.G. Pavlova, 1980), it is typical for the plant communities with legumes and small grasses as dominating species. As to the horizontal structure, the significant part of our agrophytocoenosis during the initial years (1990-1993) are species with a contagious distribution by the surface; and the horizontal species distribution on the tenth year (1998) is random. The species variety is usually not big. The significance graphs indicate rather developed structure of the agrophytocoenosis. On the tenth year of observation, species significance demonstrates a log-normal distribution, which is characteristic for multi-species zonal plant communities with predominance of species with an average abundance. The highest vitality amongst the seeded species was demonstrated by Agrostis gigantea, Trifolium pratense и Medicago sativa. Seeding legume-grass mixtures impedes the overgrowth of spoil banks by willows, which keeps the opportunity to use spoil banks as hayfields in the future.

During the revision of the herbarium collections of the Institute of Botany, Physiology and Plant Genetic of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tajikistan (TAD) and field research in 2020-2022 the distribution of 6 species of the genus Perovskia Kar. (Lamiaceae) on the territory of the Republic of Tajikistan was analyzed. Dot maps of distribution were constructed indicating previously known information and new materials. In the widespread species P. virgata and P. angustifolia, new localities have been additionally identified. P. scrophulariifolia and P. botschantzevii were found for the first time in the new botanico-geographical regions accepted in the “Flora of the Tajik SSR”. A new habitat was noted for a rare endemic species P. kudrjaschevii.

For the first time, an algological study of Lake Nogaan-Khol, located in the Todzha basin of the Republic of Tyva, was carried out. The results of phytoplankton, phytobenthos and fouling are presented. A comprehensive study and identification of species composition is relevant not only from the point of view of biodiversity inventory, but for the most efficient use and protection of water bodies. 218 species, varieties and forms of algae were identified in the reservoir, belonging to 94 genera, 52 families and 8 divisions: Cyanoprokaryota (33), Bacillariophyta (124), Chrysophyta (1), Dinophyta (3), Xanthophyta (1), Euglenophyta (2), Chlorophyta (24), Charophyta (30). To assess the role of individual taxa, the frequency of occurrence was calculated. 4 groups were distinguished - especially active (with a frequency of occurrence over 75 %), highly active (74-45 %), inactive (44-15 %) and inactive (less than 15 %). The dominant complex is represented by a small set of species. Fouling groups on various substrates and benthic communities are considered. An ecogeographical analysis was carried out, according to which the algoflora is represented by benthic (33.9 %) and periphytonic (25.2 %) species, with a predominance of indifferent (70.2 %) forms in relation to the halicity and active reaction of the environment (48.2 %). In the studied lake, 152 species-indicators of saprobity were identified. Marked indicators of all zones of saprobity, except for polysaprobic. Inhabitants of very clean (x - xenosaprobe) and highly saprobic (a - mesosaprobe) waters are represented by a small number of taxa - 5 and 6, respectively. Geographically, cosmopolitans (54.1 %) and boreal (26.6 %) species dominated. The purpose of the study was to determine the species composition and ecological state of the waters of the Nogaan-Khol lake.

The analysis of the literature data on various areas of development of lawn science in foreign and domestic science is given and the general principles of the formation of model grass mixtures for growing lawns of high quality are considered. In the course of long-term studies of the characteristics of sod-forming cereals, grass mixtures for decorative and sports lawns and turf coverings of special significance were modeled. A set of norms and rules for the compilation of model grass mixtures, taking into account the ecological and biological characteristics of the plant species included in them, measures to create lawn coverings and maintain a stable grass stand in a specific georgafic area - is the scientific basis of lawn science.

During the inventory of collections stored in the Herbaries of the CSBG SB RAS (NS, NSK), 3724 specimens of the genus Galium (Rubiaceae) were digitized and deposited in the Digital Herbarium. In the Herbarium named after I.M. Krasnoborov (NS), the genus Galium is represented by 2023 specimens, and in the Herbarium named after M.G. Popov (NSK) - 1700 specimens, a total of 88 taxa containing 78 species, 7 subspecies, 2 variations and 1 hybrid. The digitization results were published as a dataset (datacet) in the GBIF. A brief history of taxonomic study of collections of the genus Galium is given, typical and authentic materials of 3 species stored in the Herbaries of the CSBG (NS, NSK) are given. Information about the main collectors of the genus Galium of the NS and NSK herbarium collections is presented. The significance of the herbarium collections NS, NSK in solving a number of taxonomic issues, application for chorological analysis and study of the biodiversity of species of the genus Galium is shown. It is noted that the species G. paradoxum, G. triflorum, G. odoratum are relics of tertiary broadleaf forests and are included in the regional Red Books. In the Herbaries of the CSBG, the Galium collection is represented by 29 countries in Europe, Asia and North America. The largest number of herbarium samples have been collected in Russia (3253 specimens), the USA (60), Mongolia (46), the Republic of Kazakhstan (26), Ukraine (17).

18 basic steppe units have been identified in Tyva, they represent widespread typical steppe communities. Within the framework of floristic classification, they refer to 16 associations and 3 subassociations of classes Cleistogenetea squarrosae and Stipetea glareosae-gobicae. Within the framework of phytocоenotic classification, the main types of steppe communities have been included into 29 formations, 15 groups of formations from 4 classes of formations: meadow, bunchgrass, desert and cryophytic steppes. No full compliance of associations of floristic classification and units of any one hierarchical level of phytocoenotic classification has been found. The phytocoenotic characteristics of basic steppe types provide information about the floristic features, structure, and species richness of following units: meadow steppes, tussock steppes, bunchgrass steppes with Carex pediformis, petrophytic bunchgrass steppes, bunchgrass steppes, desert steppes with Nanophyton grubovii, desert steppes with Stipa glareosa, desert steppes with Stipa orientalis. The prodromus of the steppes of Tyva has been compiled, a brief description of all units of floristic classification and description of 1 new alliance and 7 new associations have been given.

Validation of alliances and associations are carried out. New data on the distribution of various syntaxa and their floristic composition are given. Alliance Galatellion biflorae all. nov. Diagnostic species (D.s.): Artemisia latifolia, A. pontica, Eremogone longifolia, Galatella biflora, Inula salicina, Lathyrus tuberosus, Melampyrum cristatum, Plantago maxima, Silene multiflora, Veronica spuria. Syn. - Galatellion biflorae Korolyuk 1993 nom. ined. (ICPN, Art. 2a). Alliance represents meadow steppes and xeric meadows (class Festuco-Brometea, order _{Brachypodietalia pinnati}) which are formed on solonetz soils (Suppl., Table 1). They are common in West Siberian Plain in the forest-steppe zone and northern part of the steppe zone west of the Ob river. The article presents new data on the distribution of association Calamagrostio epigeii-Artemisietum laciniatae Korolyuk ex Korolyuk et Kipriyanova 1998 from this alliance (Suppl., Table 2).