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Thermophysics and Aeromechanics

2025 year, number 2

1.
Carbon formation during partial oxidation of methane under conditions of high pressures (review)

A.V. Shishkin
Kutateladze Institute of Thermophysics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: methane, soot, solid carbon, methane pyrolysis, steam methane reforming, methane conversion, partial oxidation of methane, supercritical water, high-pressure water-oxygen fluid

Abstract >>
This review deals with the formation of solid carbon (in particular, soot) under various conditions of methane conversion: pyrolysis, diffusion flame combustion, steam reforming, conversion in supercritical water and high-pressure water-oxygen fluid. Particular attention is paid to the consideration of the conditions of carbon formation at high pressure; the goal is to identify the parameter regions with a lack of experimental information or its insufficient presentation, but where carbon formation is very likely. When designing the equipment with continuous operation, it is necessary to know the corresponding parametric boundaries of the areas of solid carbon formation in order to avoid emergency situations and/or to reduce depreciation costs.



2.
Study of thermophysical parameters of a new-generation “green” hydrocarbon fuel for multientry aerospace systems

L.S. Yanovskiy1,2, G.A. Tarasov1,2, V.M. Ezhov3, M.A. Il’ina1,2, N.A. Chervonnaya3, D.V. Novakovskiy3
1Kutateladze Institute of Thermophysics, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
2Federal Research Center for Problems of Chemical Physics and Medical Chemistry RAS
3Federal Research Center for Problems of Chemical Physics and Medical Chemistry RAS, Chernogolovka, Russia
Keywords: limiting cooling capacity, thermal stability, high-density hydrocarbon fuel, ignition delay time, shock tube

Abstract >>
Development of concepts for multi-entry space vehicles put strict requirements to reliability of operating power plants and the flight vehicle as whole. An important problem is achieving trouble-free performance of vehicle power plant operating under high thermal loads. This type of power plants consumes the hydrocarbon fuel with a high resistance to surface deposition of incomplete oxidation products. The progress in production technologies for synthetic fuel from bio resource enables accessibility with reduced or zero carbon footprint. Synthetic fuel or its components are different from a hydrocarbon fuel by their composition, as well as by the fuel properties. The use of fuels with synthetic components requires a study on physical and chemical properties and thermophysical characteristics. This paper presents experimental study on thermal stability, limiting cooling capacity and ignition parameters for a high-density hydrocarbon fuel (HDHF) from new-generation products. It was shown that the HDHF can be used at temperatures up to 300 °С without any deposits of with admissible low levels. Experiments were conducted on the fuel ignition delay time for the operating range of pressure 14 - 16 bar, temperature 1000 - 1500 K and the access oxidant ratio 0.5 - 3 using the facilities of a shock tube.



3.
Thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of magnesium-lithium alloys

A.Sh. Agazhanov1, R.N. Abdullaev1, D.A. Samoshkin1, V.A. Nepomnyashchikh1,2
1Kutateladze Institute of Thermophysics, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
2Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: magnesium-lithium alloys, ultra-light materials, thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, laser flash method

Abstract >>
The thermal diffusivity (α) of solid magnesium-lithium alloys with lithium contents XLi = 5, 10, 17, 21, and 25 at. % was measured using a laser flash method in the temperature range of 300 - 680 K. Based on the experimental results, the thermal conductivity (λ) of alloys was calculated and compared with the literature values for λ of other compositions. The estimated uncertainties of the obtained data were 3.0 - 3.4 % for λ and 2.0 - 2.4 % for α. It is shown that the addition of lithium to magnesium reduces significantly its thermal conductivity, with a more pronounced decrease in λ observed as the Li concentration approaches XLi = 32 at. %. Anomalous features in the form of bends in the temperature dependences λ(T) and α(T) were identified for the Mg95Li5 and Mg75Li25 alloys within the temperature range of 310 - 330 K, similar to the behavior reported for the Mg70Li30 alloy. Using the calculated data and literature sources, the concentration dependences of thermal conductivity for the Mg-Li system were plotted over the composition range XLi = 0 - 32 at. %.



4.
Determination of the amplitude-frequency characteristics of the system consisting of a hot-wire anemometer and a sensor on the basis of the laser pulse: methodology improvement

D.A. Bountin, O.I. Vishnyakov
Khristianovich Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: constant-temperature anemometer, amplitude-frequency characteristics, wire sensor, pulsed action

Abstract >>
We propose to improve a new experimental methodology of determining the amplitude-frequency characteristics of a system of hot-wire anemometry with the use of a short-pulse laser action on the hot-wire sensor. Mistakes of the previous study are taken into account. The amplitude-frequency characteristics of a constant-temperature anemometer with a wire sensor are obtained, and comparisons with the results obtained by a standard method of determining the amplitude-frequency characteristics are performed.



5.
Hydrodynamics and heat transfer during the flow of a laminar impinging jet on a catalytic surface

V.V. Lukashov, V.V. Lemanov, A.V. Tupikin, V.A. Fedorenko, K.A. Sharov
Kutateladze Institute of Thermophysics, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: impinging jet, catalytic surface, heat transfer, heat flux density, temperature distribution over the surface

Abstract >>
The investigation results on a study of the effect of catalytic oxidation of hydrogen on heat transfer in an impinging jet under chemical activity on the sample surface. It is shown that with an increase in the percentage of hydrogen in the mixture with air, not only an increase in the heat transfer intensity is observed, but also the reaction zone expansion. It is also noted that in the case of a chemically active jet, there are temperature pulsations on the surface (approximately 6%) associated with the reactions of hydrogen catalytic oxidation. At that, the type of dependence of the distribution of the generalized temperature function on the radius on the surface is almost the same for all versions with heterogeneous chemical reactions. An exception is the case with a molar content of hydrogen of 2% in the jet, when there are areas with the value of heat release from reactions below heat transfer during convective heat transfer with a non-reacting flow.



6.
Intensification of heat transfer in an impact jet with a fractal lattice at the entrance,

S.N. Yakovenko
Khristianovich Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: impact jet, passive control, heat transfer, numerical simulation

Abstract >>
An impact jet with passive control of mixing and heat transfer with the use of a lattice at the entrance is nume-rically studied. It is shown that the local Nusselt number at the stagnation point on the heated surface from which the jet is pushed and the Nusselt number averaged over the domain with intense heat transfer increase with increasing Reynolds number in accordance with a power law corresponding to the empirical approximation. It is found that ad-dition of a lattice, especially fractal lattice, leads to noticeable enhancement of heat transfer in the central part of the jet. The results of the study are compared with effects predicted by computations, and the prospects of further investigations are determined.



7.
Investigation of the dynamics of large eddies in the near zone of an axisymmetric free jet in the case with local pulsed injection in the coaxial and transverse directions

M.I. Sorokin1, D.A. Kushnarev1, M.P. Tokarev1,2, V.M. Dulin1,2
1Kutateladze Institute of Thermophysics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
2Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: particle image velocimetry (PIV), proper orthogonal decomposition (POD), large eddies, free jet, active control

Abstract >>
Optical diagnostics of the three-dimensional structure of large eddies in the near zone of a turbulent jet (at Re = 5000) exhausting from a round nozzle is performed in the case with coaxial periodic perturbations of the flow through annular slots at the nozzle edge and through holes in the internal surface of the nozzle in the transverse dierection. The external action leads to rapid turbulization of the flow near the nozzle edge due to generation of large extended toroidal vortices in the case of coaxial pertuebations and also due to significant reconstruction of the flow with rapid disintegration of the jet core in the case of transverse perturbations.



8.
Thermal calculation for a heating block of a high-pressure direct contact heater using data from experimental study

F.A. Svyatkin1, V.D. Lychakov1,2, Yu.V. Usov1, A.S. Matyash1, B.F. Balunov1, Yu.G. Sukhorukov1, P.V. Egorov1
1JSC “Polzunov Scientific and Development Association on the Research and Design of Power Equipment”, St. Petersburg, Russia
2Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia
Keywords: BREST reactor unit, direct contact heater, recuperation heating system, subheating, droplet model

Abstract >>
The accurate study of heat transfer between water and steam at high pressures was achieved on a developed and tested model of a miixing unit for heat transfer flows (MUHTF). The testing results demostrated that the input water subheating up to the saturation temperature at the model exit is less than 1 and 2 °С for two- and single-tray arrangement of the water-separation unit in the model, correspondingly. The droplet flow model might be applied for thermal calculation of the heating block in the MUHTF.



9.
Numerical study of gas film cooling with coolant injection though a triangular shaped nozzle with a recess

N.N. Kozyulin, M.Yu. Khrebtov
Kutateladze Institute of Thermophysics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: numerical simulation, film cooling, trapezoid shaped nozzle, direct cooling scheme, thermal adiabatic efficiency

Abstract >>
The paper presents the results of numerical simulation for a near-wall film cooling with gas ejection though a nozzle shaped as a cavity with triangular cross-section (with arranged recess). The flow downstream the recess induces the main flow detachment and generates the coherent vortex structures with a constant frequency of shed vortex (in the zone of mixing with the coolant jet). These vortex structures interact with the wall and improve the coolant spreading in the horizontal direction. This also facilitates the jet flow leaning to the surface at high injection numbers. The cavity’s triangular shape facilitates the lower generation of streamwise vortices that separate the nearwall stream from the surface. The study was conducted for a wide range of coolant injection number. The wall boundary conditions are adiabatic. We determined the injection parameters range suitable for practical applications for the described design. The developed system has a separate vortex shedding frequency and the system is sensitive to the external impact at this frequency. Thus, this approach is a candidate for arrangement a real active control system for film cooling.



10.
Slowing down and acceleration of gas combustion fronts while two-spark initiation

V.S. Teslenko, A.P. Drozhzhin, Yu.V. Anisichkin
Lavrentyev Institute of Hydrodynamics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: rivulet flow, inclined plate, nonlinear three-dimensional waves, laser-induced fluorescence technique, theoretical modeling

Abstract >>
The object of this study is a straight rivulet flowing over an inclined plate whose surface is covered with regular nonlinear waves. Such waves can be modeled in full three-dimensional statement, but it is also possible to use a simplified quasi-two-dimensional approach with self-similar shape of rivulet cross-section. In this study we directly compare the results of two- and three-dimensional approaches, where the shape of the wave rivulet surface is reconstructed experimentally using the laser-induced fluorescence technique. It is shown that the three-dimensional model reproduces well the wave surface of a rivulet, including such three-dimensional peculiarities as the wave front curvature and minor perturbations of its rear slope. Though the two-dimensional model is unable to reproduce such peculiarities, it describes well the parameters and shape of a wave in the central longitudinal cross-section of the rivulet.



11.
Direct numerical simulation for puffs in tubes with various lengths

V.A. Ivaschenko1,2, R.I. Mullyadzhanov1,2
1Kutateladze Institute of Thermophysics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
2Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: turbulent transition, tube flow, puffs, direct numerical simulation

Abstract >>
Under certain conditions, the turbulent transition can produce local turbulent structures knows as puffs. Puffs are the zones of turbulence surrounded by laminar flow; their behavior depends mainly on the Reynolds number (Re). We studied he influence of initial flow conditions on generation of puffs in circular tubes with different lengths using the direct numerical simulation (DNS) approach at a fixed Reynolds number Re ≃ 2200. The literature data show that in the flow with Re ≃ 2000 the single-out puffs are generated as metastable structures with option of decay or survival, while at Re > 2300 these puffs can interact and produce more complicated and stable configurations (double and triple puffs). Puffs are classified as stable puffs if the lifetime exceeds considerably the characteristic time in the system (typically defined as the flow area length divided by the value of axial velocity in a laminar flow interval). The literature data evidences an increase in the amount of puffs with increase in the Reynolds number, but the problem of flow structure reproducibility at the same Reynolds remains an open issue. The published data are important for prognosis and control of turbulence in various engineering application.



12.
Assessment of the film edge position on an air streamed surface for the problem of airfoil icing

A.V. Kashevarov, A.L. Stasenko
Zhukovsky Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute, Zhukovsky, Russia
Keywords: film, disruption to rivulets, NACA0012 airfoil, disjoining pressure

Abstract >>
Within the framework of lubrication theory, numerical studies of thin film movement along the surface of a wing with the NACA0012 airfoil were carried out. The film is created by incoming drops of water and drifted by the external air flow. A model problem of one-dimensional film motion in the presence of a retarding longitudinal stress caused by disjoining pressure is considered. A cubic equation was obtained to determine the film thickness. If the contact angle exceeds a certain critical value, then the solution of this equation loses its physical meaning at some distance from the front critical point (the film thickness becomes negative). This means that the one-dimensional flow assumption is no longer satisfied. The maximum coordinate for existence a one-dimensional solution can be approximately considered as the beginning for the film disintegration into rivulets. Theoretical results are compared with the available experimental data.



13.
Comparison of 2D and 3D models of wave rivulet flow over an inclined plane

S.P. Aktershev, V.V. Guzanov, A.Z. Kwon, A.V. Bobylev, A.V. Cherdantsev
Kutateladze Institute of Thermophysics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: rivulet flow, inclined plate, nonlinear three-dimensional waves, laser-induced fluorescence technique, theoretical modeling

Abstract >>
The object of this study is a straight rivulet flowing over an inclined plate whose surface is covered with regular nonlinear waves. Such waves can be modeled in full three-dimensional statement, but it is also possible to use a simplified quasi-two-dimensional approach with self-similar shape of rivulet cross-section. In this study we directly compare the results of two- and three-dimensional approaches, where the shape of the wave rivulet surface is reconstructed experimentally using the laser-induced fluorescence technique. It is shown that the three-dimensional model reproduces well the wave surface of a rivulet, including such three-dimensional peculiarities as the wave front curvature and minor perturbations of its rear slope. Though the two-dimensional model is unable to reproduce such peculiarities, it describes well the parameters and shape of a wave in the central longitudinal cross-section of the rivulet.



14.
Effect of a constant magnetic field on a supersonic flow near a submillimeter pulsed electric discharge

M.A. Yadrenkin, Yu.V. Gromyko, O.I. Vishnyakov
Khristianovich Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: pulsed arc discharge, magnetic field, boundary layer, PIV, Schlieren pictures, supersonic

Abstract >>
Results of an experimental study of the evolution of a vortex flow formed under the action of a submillimeter arc discharge moving in a constant magnetic field in a supersonic air flow near a flat surface are presented. Owing to the high reproducibility of the discharge parameters and precise synchronization of the equipment, it is possible to study the flow structure in much detail by the methods of particle image velocimetry and Schlieren visualization. It is found that the spaced and time characteristics of the generated vortex structures can be effectively controlled by changing the direction of the electromagnetic force arising during the discharge.



15.
Influence of the particle collision model on the heat fluxes in a rarefied gas computed by the Direct Simulation Monte Carlo method

M.Yu. Plotnikov1, E.V. Shkarupa2
1Kutateladze Institute of Thermophysics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
2Institute of Computational Mathematics and Mathematical Geophysics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: Direct Simulation Monte Carlo method, VSS model, thermal conductivity, argon, helium

Abstract >>
The Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method is widely used to solve problems of rarefied gas dynamics. The choice of the model of particle collisions with each other in implementation of the DSMC algorithm significantly affects the accuracy of simulations and the complexity of computations. One of the most popular particle collision models is the Variable Soft Sphere (VSS) model. In the present study, we simulate a flow arising when a heated wire is placed into a quiescent gas atmosphere (helium or argon). It is shown that the use of the VSS model with parameters based on viscosity and diffusion can lead to errors in estimating the heat flux from the wire to the ambient gas.



16.
Modeling of chemically nonequilibrium separated flows in the HyCFS software system

T.Yu. Shkredov1,2, G.V. Shoev1,2
1Khristianovich Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
2Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
Keywords: separation, chemical reactions, Riemann solvers, AUSMPW+

Abstract >>
Various issues of implementation and application of the AUSMPW+ solver for computing inviscid flows at the control volume face in the HyCFS code on a structured grid are discussed. It is shown that the use of AUSMPW+ allows the carbuncle formation in the flow around a cylinder to be successfully prevented. Simulations of flows with boundary layer separation by using the AUSMPW+ solver leads to results that coincide with those obtained by the HLLC solver. The pressure and heat transfer coefficients for a cone-flare model predicted by HyCFS coincide with the experimental data of LENS-XX with the same accuracy as the results of other researchers computed by independent numerical codes.



17.
The possibility of using liquid biofuels with additives of vegetable oils and fatty acid esters

G.V. Kuznetsov1,2, D.S. Romanov1,2, P.A. Strizhak1,2
1Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia
2Kutateladze Institute of Thermophysics SB RAS, Novosibirsk,Russia
Keywords: liquid biofuels, bioadditives, vegetable oils, fatty acid esters, combustion characteristics, multi-criteria analysis

Abstract >>
The results of multi-criteria analysis obtained on the basis of experimental data in the process of studying the main properties and characteristics of thermal conversion of alternative liquid fuels are presented. Kerosene was used as the basic hydrocarbon component. Bioadditives are represented by vegetable oils (rapeseed oil, tall oil, camelina oil, and waste culinary oil) and methyl esters of fatty acids obtained during the processing of these oils. The combustion characteristics of fuel compositions were experimentally determined: ignition delay times, threshold temperatures of combustion initiation, burnout duration, and concentrations of the main gas emissions. Promising fuel compositions are identified taking into account the main energy and environmental indicators. The possibilities of using compositions with methyl esters of fatty acids to reduce specific anthropogenic emissions in the composition of combustion products are substantiated.



18.
Enhancing the stability of physics-informed neural networks applied to convection problems

Ch.A. Tsgoev1, M.A. Bratenkov1, D.I. Sakharov1, V.A. Travnikov1, A.V. Seredkin1, V.A. Kalinin1, D.V. Fomichev2,3, R.I. Mullyadzhanov1
1Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
2Sirius University, Sirius Federal Territory, Russia
3Rosatom State Corporation, Moscow, Russia
Keywords: physics-informed machine learning, neural networks, convection problem

Abstract >>
Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) represent an innovative method for solving a wide range of problems in mathematics, physics, and engineering. PINNs combine the neural networks concepts and physical equations aimed to modeling and analysis of various physical processes. In particular, PINNs can be applied to solve differential equations, including the one-dimensional convection equation. The research shows that the standard implementation of PINNs efficiently solves a one-dimensional convection equation at relatively small convection velocity values, but diverges for higher values of this parameter. This paper provides an overview of existing approaches for solving the one-dimensional convection equation using PINNs and demonstrates improvement for model performance through different methods. The results of comparison indicate the superiority of the approach based on dynamically adjusting collocation points according to the residual at the current training step (as compared to other approaches).