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The comparative analysis of experimental self-broadened line width γ and line shift δ coefficients is conducted. The 3641 coefficients γ and 2410 coefficients δ of water vapor molecule are analyzed for the 1000-14000 cm^-1 spectral range. It is found that coefficients γ measured for the same lines in different works systematically differ, with a maximum difference of more than 20%. The shift coefficients δ for many strong lines are not even consistent in sign. Using the semi-classical method and the exact trajectory model the coefficients γ and δ have been calculated for 17 vibrational bands, and a sample of the calculated values of these coefficients is presented for 270 vibrational-rotational transitions.

Studying wind turbine wakes is essential for optimizing wind turbine arrangement within wind farms. Pulsed coherent Doppler lidars (PCDLs) are the most effective tools for such studies. This paper suggests a new method for three-dimensional visualization of wind speed within a wake based on PCDL measurements. Numerical simulation shows that this method enables wind speed deficit estimates with a relative error of no more than 4%. An atmospheric experiment with the use of this three-dimensional visualization method reveals that the wake cross section exhibits a wind speed deficit structure close to an annular distribution, consistent with numerical simulation with the use of LES and RANS methods.

River ecosystems are a key component of the global carbon cycle, facilitating the transformation, transport, and emission of carbon. They ensure the movement of organic matter from continents to ocean basins and actively exchange substantial volumes of CO₂ and CH₄ with the atmosphere, thus significantly contributing to Earth's climate regulation. This work presents results of field measurements of greenhouse gas fluxes (CH₄ and CO₂) at the “water - air” interface in the coastal zone of the Ob River (Western Siberia) in summer - autumn 2024 using an original mobile chamber system consisting of a floating chamber and a portable laser gas analyzer Picarro G4301. Gas flux calculations at the “water - air” interface for each measurement used the open-source FluxCalR package in RStudio. The river ecosystem in the area under study acts as a constant source of methane emission into the atmosphere, with the intensity ranging from 0.12 to 15.81 mg × m^-2 × h^-1 (median values). For carbon dioxide, a transition was observed from emission at the beginning of the season (maximal intensity of up to 217.31 mg × m^-2 × h^-1 in July) to sink in August-October. The results confirm the contribution of river systems, particularly of Siberian rivers, to the regional carbon budget and can be used to consider this contribution in climate models.

Air pollution modelling in mountainous regions is a relevant challenge due to the complex interaction of topography with atmospheric dynamics and uncertainty in emission data This paper presents the results of atmospheric pollution modeling for carbon monoxide (CO) in complex mountainous terrain, using the Kislovodsk region as a case study. The study used the mesoscale meteorological model WRF and the chemical transport model CHIMERE. The results were validated against instrumental measurements carried out at the High-Mountain Scientific Station of A.M. Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences. It is shown that refining the EMEP emission database by incorporating local features of the road network (density and road types) and their daily/weekly dynamics allows the spatial distribution of pollution sources to more closely approximate the actual layout of the region's road network, and also improves the accuracy of reproducing the daily cycle of CO concentrations. An experiment was conducted to quantitatively assess the contribution of orographic factors to the overall pollution level. It was established that the complex terrain of the region accounts for 20-50% of the average CO concentration level, creating zones of pollutant accumulation and dispersion. Statistical analysis demonstrates satisfactory agreement between the modeling results and observational data. The study confirms the feasibility and effectiveness of the WRF-CHIMERE modeling system in monitoring and analyzing atmospheric air quality in resort regions with complex topography. The results can serve a foundation for fundamental and applied scientific research aimed at studying the mechanisms behind the formation of periods with adverse environmental conditions. The air quality modeling can be used by local government authorities for such tasks as urban planning, optimization of road networks, and the development of recreational areas taking into account orographic conditions, as well as for improving regional environmental monitoring systems.

Harmful algal blooms pose a serious threat to the ecology of coastal waters. Their timely detection is a crucial task in environmental monitoring. Optical spectrofluorimetry may be a promising approach in this field. The subject of this scientific work is the study of normalized fluorescence temperature curves (NFTC) as reference features of hazardous microalgae and confirmation of the possibility of identifying the genera of hazardous microalgae under study with their help. NFTC were obtained in laboratory experiments with microalgae monocultures under controlled conditions with registration of fluorescence spectra during linear heating (20-80 °C). Verification was carried out by means of cluster analysis using the principal component analysis (PCA). The study has shown that NFTC demonstrate stable genus-specific patterns, making it possible to distinguish microalgae at the genus level with an accuracy of 90.91%. The use of PCA (3 principal components explaining 94.22% of the variance) eliminates clustering errors caused by multicollinearity of the original features. The highest classification accuracy is achieved for Heterosigma akashiwa (100%), the lowest - for Pseudo-nitzschia (86.15%) due to intrageneric similarity of NFTC. The study shows the need to expand the catalog of standards to enhance the statistical significance of the results.

Effects of heat flux during the early spring plankton vegetation period in Lake Dolgoe (Belarus) were studied based on a coupled mathematical model which reproduces thermohydrodynamic and hydrobiological processes in a freshwater lake. Calculations were performed under different values of heat flux which interacted with the water surface. The simulations showed the following: with increased insolation, which contributed to the intensive spread of inflow waters with a low content of organic matter into the lake, the concentrations of plankton decreased from the surface to some depth, and below that depth they again increased. It was also found that those depths were different for phyto- and zooplankton in the deepest part of the lake (18 m and 15 m, respectively).

This work continues the study of the possibility of using the laser fragmentation/laser-induced fluorescence (LF/LIF) method for the remote detection of nitrocompounds (NC) and organophosphorus compounds (OPC). A method for the combined detection of surface traces of NС and OPС is discussed. It is experimentally shown that exciting laser radiation wavelength of 246.824 nm, falling in the region of overlapping rotational lines of γ(0, 2) and γ(0, 0) bands of NO and PO absorption spectra, can be used for the simultaneous excitation of fluorescence of NС and OPС photofragments. To improve the noise immunity of the LF/LIF detection method, it is proposed to use a wavelength of the probing laser radiation in the range of overlapping γ(0, 2) and γ(1, 1) bands of the absorption spectra of NO- and PO-fragments in excited vibrational states after fragmentation. The resulting intense anti-Stokes γ(0, 1) and γ(1, 0) fluorescence bands are located in the spectral range 235-240 nm and do not overlap with the spectra of broadband Stokes fluorescence of surface materials bearing traces of NС and OPСs. The results can be used in the development of a universal system for the simultaneous detection of surface traces of explosives and toxic substances by LF/LIF method.

Solar-induced fluorescence is an indicator of plant photosynthetic activity that shows promise for monitoring ecosystem productivity on a global scale. The paper presents estimates of the photosynthetic activity for the main phytocenoses of southern Western Siberia (grasslands, deciduous and light coniferous forests, croplands and wetlands) based on TROPOMI satellite data for the period 2018-2024. Using ERA5-Land reanalysis data and products obtained from MODIS and CERES sensor measurements, we investigated the correlations between solar-induced fluorescence and key environmental temperature and moisture parameters, vegetation indices, and photosynthetically active radiation, as well as directly between these features themselves (spatial resolution - 0.05°, temporal resolution - 1 month). The presented results describe the specifics of these relationships both for the main phytocenoses of the entire target region and their latitudinal variability for grasslands and deciduous forests.

This article covers the development of a section of the Knowledge Base of the Institute of Economics and Industrial Engineering of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, which focuses on analyzing corporate cross-sections and cooperative ties in the economies of Siberian regions. With socio-economic processes getting more complex, it is super important to reflect hidden interregional and intersectoral interactions. The authors justify the need to move from traditional analysis of statistical “points” to the study of real and potential links between economic entities, including value chains, logistics flows, and institutional constraints. A methodology for establishing a database that includes qualitative and quantitative parameters of corporate cross-sections and cooperative ties between the economies of Siberian regions is presented. The structure of the database, its functions, and stages of implementation are disclosed, including the development of a user interface, data collection and systematization, testing, and integration into the overall architecture of the Knowledge Base. The potential for applying the developed tool not only in scientific research but also in the practice of project management, spatial planning, and interregional cooperation is noted. The project is based on the principles of evolutionary economics, an interdisciplinary approach, and the traditions of the Siberian scientific school.

The physical and geographical characteristics of the Sea of Azov are distinguished by a number of specific features providing its uniqueness: shallow depths, a vast drainage basin relative to the sea size, significant river runoff, annually replacing a significant portion of the sea volume, and poor water exchange with other seas. Furthermore, the Sea of Azov basin encompasses one of the most densely populated regions of Russia and is considered to be the most heavily polluted (in particular by hydrocarbons) by human activities. The quantitative and qualitative composition of hydrocarbons in seawater and suspended matter in the eastern part of the Sea of Azov has been investigated. Samples were collected during Cruise 102 of the research vessel Deneb in November 2024. New, up-to-date data on hydrocarbon pollution in the Sea of Azov were obtained using gas chromatography and various molecular diagnostic indices, allowing for a hypothesis regarding the nature of the detected hydrocarbons. Statistical analysis was used to cluster sampling stations over the parameters studied. It has been concluded that the environmental conditions in the eastern part of the Sea of Azov are unfavourable with respect to hydrocarbon substances. It was established that, due to the active development of the microbial community, intensive transformation of n-alkanes of petroleum and autochthonous origin occurs in water and in suspended matter. The obtained results can be considered as background data when studying the consequences of the Volgoneft tanker accident near the Kerch Strait in December 2024.