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We present results of a thermomagnetic analysis of Late Pleistocene-Holocene bottom sediments from the gravity core GC-99 of the borehole BDP-99 drilled at Posolskaya Bank of Lake Baikal in the framework of the Baikal Drilling Project. The results are compared with the earlier analytical data on the samples from the lower (Miocene) section of the BDP-98 drilled on the Akademichesky Ridge. Native-iron particles were found in only 14 of 61 samples. Their content varies from ~10^-5 to 10^-4 %, and their distribution is near-bimodal, with a distinct “zero” mode. The results of the thermomagnetic analysis are confirmed by a probe microanalysis: Only occasional native-iron particles were found. Nickel was detected in only one sample. The samples have a large number of magnetite and titanomagnetite grains. It is shown that the distribution of native-iron particles in the Baikal sediments depends on the rate of sedimentation: The rate increase is accompanied by the increase in the number of the “zero” group samples (free of iron particles). The conclusion is drawn that the native-iron particles in the studied sediments are predominantly of cosmic origin.

High frequency electromagnetic technologies for subsurface formation evaluation provide high spatial resolution and new opportunities for petrophysical interpretation of data. Dispersion of rock properties and up-scaling from pore to reservoir scale (homogenization) represent the two most challenging problems. In electrodynamics of porous media, various mixing and dispersion laws are used to homogenize rock properties and describe their frequency behavior. Mixing laws and dispersion have a close link to the fundamental physical principle of causality and therefore cannot be introduced arbitrarily. For any mixing/dispersion law, we need to prove that causality holds. For testing causality, we use Titchmarsh’s theorem and, particularly, one of its modifications - Kramers-Kronig relations . Causality is discussed for Debye, Cole-Cole, Havriliak-Negami, and CRIM models. Dispersion is closely related to wave propagation. Evaluation of phase and group velocities shed new light on the physics of phase and amplitude measurements in lossy media. We evaluated various definitions of both velocities and their dependence on spatial spectra or, in other words, on the arrangement of transmitting and receiving elements. To illustrate theoretical findings, we use dielectric logging as an exemplary technology. Usually, in modern dielectric tools, amplitude and phase data are acquired, for various frequencies and sensor positions. The measured phase is discontinuous at high frequencies and requires detection of discontinuity as well as unwrapping. Remarkably, one can determine formation attenuation and loss angle based on multifrequency/multisensor amplitude data and transform them into dielectric permittivity, resistivity, and true continuous phase. Transformations of exemplary tool data used in this paper are suitable for a conceptual study and are specific for a uniform formation. We intentionally do not address the accuracy of measurements and the propagation of errors in the inversion process, since they are tool- and processing-specific. Different tools require joint analysis of all available data and special noise reduction techniques associated with the structure of the acquisition system.

December 2017 marks the 60th anniversary of the creation of the journal “Gumanitarnye nauki v Sibiri”, a periodical of the Institute of History of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, which publishes papers on archaeography, source studies and history of Russia, first of all its Siberian region. The journal “Gumanitarnye nauki v Sibiri” traces its origins back to the Journal of the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences called “Izvestiya SO AN SSSR” which, in turn, had a predecessor “Izvestia Vostochnykh filialov AN SSSR”. The last one was found by the decree of the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, November 12, 1956. The journal was issued monthly in 1957, and published works of researchers from six branches of the Academy of Sciences. On December 13, 1957, Scientific Council of the SO AN SSSR appointed Academician S.L. Sobolev as the editor of the journal. In 1983, the journal was renamed “Izvestiya SO AN SSSR. Seria istorii, filologii i filosofii”, in 1992 the journal was named “Izvestiya Sibirskogo otdelenia Rossiyskoy Academii Nauk. Seria: istoriya, filologiya i filosofiya”. The journal got its modern title “Gumanitarnye nauki v Sibiri” in 1994. N.D. Zolnikova writes that in publications on the pages of the journal N.N. Pokrovsky and his students used “approaches characteristic for the historical anthropology: attention to everyday life, peculiarities of behavior of both individuals and their groups, identification of participants’ attitudes towards the events, etc.” The journal chief editors were S.L. Sobolev (1957-1967), G.A. Prudensky (1967), A.P. Okladnikov (1967-1981), A.P. Derevyanko (1982-1991), R. S Vasilievsky (1991-1998), V.E. Larichev (1998-2003), V.A. Ilinykh since 2003. The journal is published by publishing house of the Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences. S.P. Mkrtchan headed the journal editorial department for many years. At present its head is V.I. Smirnova.

The article objective is the structure analysis of Don Cossacks’ historical memory, where events and personalities of the XVI century occupy a system-forming place. Among the most important historical figures are Ataman Ermak and Tzar Ivan the Terrible, whose images became the key points of Don Cossacks’ historical memory. These persons are linked with the Cossacks’ mentality, in which the idea of the right to the “Don river” and the Don land plays the decisive role. In the Cossacks’ consciousness this right stemmed from awarding the Don to the Cossacks’ ancestors for “the Kazan service” to Ivan the Terrible, when they allegedly participated in the capture of Kazan under Ermak leadership. The Cossacks believed in the existence of a special charter of Ivan the Terrible according to which their ancestors were granted the Don. This corresponded to the idea of the land rewarding for service, which applies to the most important principle of vassalage and is remuneration for the service to overlord. The Cossacks referred to the image of Ermak on many occasions. By referring to Ermak they justified their refusal to take oath to Tzar Mikhail Romanov, as well as to resettle to the Caucasian line on demand of the authorities in the XVIII century. In the XIX - early XX centuries the references to Ermak and awarding the Don by Ivan the Terrible to the Cossacks for the Kazan service became the argument in the struggle for the preservation of the Cossacks’ special rights to the land as well as other class laws. Central and local authorities maintained a cult of Ermak among the Cossacks. This was revealed in the founding a new village Ermakovskaya Stanitsa, in naming one of the Don regiments in honor of Ermak, in installing the monument to Ermak in Novocherkassk, and in distribution of his images. Worshiping Ivan the Terrible in the Cossacks’ historical memory had no official support as a whole. However it was reflected in the historical science and science-popular literature devoted to the Don. After the Revolution and Civil War, with the Cossacks’ abolition, the traditional historical memory about Ermak started to fade and to acquire the features of book memory.

The article is devoted to studying the mutual relations between regular army servicemen, civil authorities and population in Siberia in the second half of the XVIII century. Everyday life of people, who were at service in the Russian empire’s army in the XVIII century, is not studied properly, although the contacts between military men and civilians took place constantly concerning a really wide range of issues: collection of taxes and fees, military troops’ accommodation, maintenance of police order, etc. Based upon Siberian materials particularly, this problem is even more worthy of consideration. The research source base includes data of collections of the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts (RGADA), Russian State Military Historical Archive (RGVIA) and State Historical Archive of Omsk Region (GIAOO). The archive research led the author to the following conclusions. First, the military powers have been obliged inevitably to take some measures related to controlling the financial inflows’ sphere. This could be explained with Siberia’s extreme remoteness from the imperial centre and weakness of local civil authorities. The commandants of border fortresses and Siberian cities were responsible for collecting fees and preserving of money. Second, the military troops’ accommodation inside the cities could turn into conflicts between the servicemen and local inhabitants, as well as local government officials. The state treasury was unable to provide permanent housing even for regular army’s officers. This led to arbitrary actions and abuses by the military men, who preferred sometimes to solve their everyday problems by the use of excessive force. On the other hand, it should be noticed that the servicemen actions were strictly governed by the imperial laws and military regulations. The military command, in turn, tended to monitor enforcement of these laws and regulations.

Problems of modern urbanization stimulate an increased interest of researchers to the urban history. Studying local municipal practices represents the Russian Empire’s history in its regional aspect. Siberia was the Russian Empire periphery in the late XVIII - early XIX centuries. The implementation of administrative and municipal reforms of Catherine II coincided with the time of its administrative-territorial development. The article objective is to carry out comparative analysis of the municipal dumas’ composition in Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk and Yeniseisk in the late XVIII - early XIX centuries, which appeared due to « Charter to the Towns» of 1785. The author has studied the legislation of this period, the practice of municipal self-government of Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk and Yeniseisk based on three Siberian archives. Most of archival materials have been introduced into scientific discourse for the first time. The comparative analysis is applied to study East and West Siberian cities. In the Russian Empire Dumas were opened at different times after publishing the «Charter to the Towns». Irkutsk Duma was created in 1787, Yeniseisk Duma - in 1789, and Krasnoyarsk Duma - in 1804. The Duma reflected the cities’ social structure (which were different in each city), the effect of various social groups on the local communities, and showed the level of urban development. In Yeniseisk the service people along with merchants played an important role in the city, so they entered the general municipal Duma. In Krasnoyarsk the petty bourgeois became one of the leading social groups in the city, so they were candidates in the city mayors because merchants were few. In Irkutsk merchant class occupied a key position, and it was the mayor who selected six members of the Duma six-membered structure without contradicting legislation. The small number of «urban population» did not allow forming two fully functional Dumas in the Siberian cities. So only one Duma was formed, but it had more than six deputies. The article emphasizes that in 1822 this practice was changed by M. M. Speransky’s Siberian reform.

The article aims to provide an overview of the English- and German-language studies on the history of Russo-aboriginal relations in the XIX - early XX centuries. In the West the most significant contribution to this research field was made by M. Raeff, Yu. Slezkine, A. Znamenski (USA), T. Armstrong, J. Forsyth, D. Collins (UK), A. Kappeler, E.-M. Stolberg (Germany) et al. Many foreign authors believe that the Siberian reform of M. M. Speransky (1822) opened a new phase in the history of relations between the indigenous and non-indigenous populations in Siberia. Western researchers focused on investigating reasons and effects of “The Statute of Alien Administration” (1822); processes of adaptation, acculturation and assimilation of indigenous and non-indigenous populations in Siberia and Far East; problems of identity and self-identity, national and regional consciousness of aboriginal population, its participation in the social and political life of the region. Based on the wide range of sources and field research findings the Western historians, anthropologists, ethnographers analyzed factors that determined various strategies for aboriginal people’s survival; tried to define general patterns of Russo-aboriginal relations in Siberia. Contemporary researchers come to conclusion that Russian colonization had mostly negative impacts on the life of Siberian aborigines. Whereas in the past scholars used to attribute the disastrous situation in which the aboriginal population found itself to contradictory policies of central and local authorities (M. Raeff, T. Armstrong), modern researchers argue that the Government bore the primary responsibility for the inefficient policy towards the “inorodtsy”. Some researchers (A. Znamenski, J. Forsyth, E.-M. Stolberg) emphasize the aborigines’ active role in interactions with Russians.

The analysis of the social-economic transformation system of rural local communities allows identifying main trends of institutional change. Economic reforms in the mid-1990s marked the beginning of the institutional change procedure. The study objective is to establish the characteristics of rural local community transformation in the context of institutional change. The research methodology is based on applying a modernization paradigm based on the concept of “catch-up modernization”. Main aspects of development of rural local communities include the state agrarian policy, mixed economy, human capital. Studying the dynamics of integrative structures of the modern rural society showed that changes in the state agrarian policy (including measures to improve the efficiency of agricultural production and restructuring the agricultural sector), stabilizing the institutional and socio-economic spheres of the Russian society led to evolutionary changes in adaptation practices of rural local communities. Mixed economy development in the socio-economic structure of the agrarian-industrial complex contributes to the emergence of a new innovative economic system - agricultural holdings. Their share in product production increases, and the role of small producers declines. These processes contribute to changing the social-economic behavior of rural local communities. The villagers’ activity of private farms is reduced. These transformations have resulted in rising labor productivity and gross domestic product, developing a wide market of agricultural products. The author has identified two main models of adaptation that play a decisive role in the modern countryside life, symbiosis of large-scale farms and small-scale production economics. This phenomenon prevailed in the 1990s - early 2000s. Innovation economy is presented by large farming and agricultural holdings integrated with financial capital.

The book culture of the Russian emigrants in France in the early XX century remains a low-studied subject. The domestic historiography attempts to consider separate components of book culture. The main attention was paid to publishing activity of political parties or individuals, but these data don’t allow creating the whole picture of the Russian book lore in France in 1900-1914. The main research objective is to complete the specified information lacunas. Various methods are used in the study. To describe the cultural environment, in which the Russian diaspora lived, and all stages of the Russian book lore development in France, both historical-cultural and historical-analytical methods are used. The system approach allows to study comprehensively the Russian book business development in France in the early XX century. In 1900-1914 there was a considerable Russian diaspora in France consisting of various social groups, each of which needed literature published in its native language. Political, artistic and public organizations of the Russian Paris had editions and publishing houses. The universal firms producing and distributing books were created in large cities, combining functions of a printing house, a bookstore and a library. In the early XX century the Russian book business abroad was focused on two types of Russian-speaking readers: these two lived in France and in the Russian Empire. The revolutionary organizations of anarchists, revolutionary socialists and social democrats most often addressed from pages of the magazines and newspapers to the second type of readers. They didn’t publish the life chronicle of the Russian diaspora in Paris in their editions, unlike the news editions that focused on the Russian colony in Paris. Forming a harmonious system of the Russian book publishing and book trading in France in 1900-1914 led to further successful development of book business of «the first wave» Russian emigration.

The article substantiates that the basic components of the book industry include: publishing, export, printing production and library system. The author considers dynamics of development of the book industry of Siberia and the Far East at the turn of XX-XXI centuries. Special attention is paid to the publishing sector in the region. In the period under review two distinct subperiods are revealed. The first, covering the last decade of the twentieth century, includes the processes of formation of the foundations of the book industry based on market mechanisms of economic management, privatization, corporatization, establishment of independent enterprises, the growth of private enterprise, the development of the book business. Vector of the 1990s was directed towards the reduction of circulation and number of titles of books with a parallel increase in the number of publishers in the region, redistribution of roles and positions, transformation of state forms of publication, printing, distribution, replaced with private forms. A characteristic feature of the period was the ever increasing monocentrism of the book market of Russia, when the book enterprises and investment capital concentrating in the center of the country. The second period coincided with the first years of the XXI century, when the stabilization phase of book publishing, polygraphy and book trade began. The period was characterised by the following dynamics: the increase in the number of book titles, decrease in the number of publishing enterprises, as well as reducing number of books produced in the region per capita. All this allows to speak about decrease in influence and share of Siberia and the Far East in book culture in the country, about the protracted crisis in the book industry, the need for change, making long-term measures to support regional publishing, printing, book trade, in order to preserve the values and benefits of book culture of Siberia for future generations.