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In the article, we substantiate the topicality of studying the process of visual perception in the context of training in the fine arts. The authors focus their attention on that the interest in formation, development and functioning of visual perception is conditioned by practical application of its results in the course of training in the fine arts. Efficiency of implementation of various modern innovative techniques directed on achievement of personal, metasubject and subject results of assimilation of training programs is not reached without understanding of structure and functioning of visual perception of the artist. On the fine arts classes, there takes place stimulation of the visual perception of pupils directed not only on mastering the technical aspect of graphic activity, but also understanding the essence of creative process.

The authors note that during the period 1980-2000, significant changes occur in the role of arts and crafts in the cultural space of the country and the principles of their use in education for development of the younger generation, upbringing its artistic culture. The analysis of the trends occurring in the decorative and the easel arts has allowed to understand that there takes place a sharp demarcation of the folk and professional arts, the decorative art becomes an integral part of the environment approach, at the artistic enterprises there comes forward the master artist, whose work becomes synonymous with the trade as such. All this leads to the fact that arts and crafts turned are turning into manufacture with samples and copies. This leads to proliferation in the period 1970-80 of the most known crafts and types of decorative art. Copying becomes the base of studying the trade or the types of applied art. In contrast to this attitude to the indiscriminate spread of traditional Russian crafts, there arises a conservative-protective theory in the art study and, as a result, a regional component of the school curricula. The regional approach allows including more actively into the curriculum the acquaintance of students with local artists and masters of decorative arts and crafts. Thus, in the school curricula and programs of additional education, the process of attracting material on local crafts and crafts is more and more active. The article presents the dynamics of studies in the field of art education, dedicated to the role of the arts and crafts of the country. The authors, based on the analysis of scientific research, highlight a number of areas that address the incorporation of arts and crafts into the educational process, which are critical to this period: 1) aesthetic and labor education; 2) creativity in all its forms; 3) preservation and development of folk and national art; 4) methodological and organizational development of training; 5) improved training for teachers on specific types of decorative and applied art.

Within the supermolecule theory, the intermolecular interaction of a monomer, a catalyst, and a solvent involved in the polycondensation of pseudochloroanhydrides of aromatic o -ketocarboxylic acids is simulated. A transition state is found in the dimerization reaction of the simplest representative of the class of 3-chloro-3-phenyl phthalylidene monomers under study. It is established that a solvent molecule (nitrobenzene) can coordinate through the functional chlorine atom of 3-chloro-3-phenyl phthalylidene, thus hindering the formation of the active center, and hence, the growth of the polymeric chain. As a rule, in the presence of nitrobenzene the activation energy of the dimerization reaction of 3-chloro-3-phenyl phthalylidene slightly lowers as compared to that in the gas phase.

On the example of a simple mechanical model (a linear chain of three bound atoms) it is shown that the equilibrium conditions of forces and force moments completely determine the linearly elastic properties of the structure and make it possible to find the number of free parameters of the quadratic force field.

A genetic algorithm (GA) coupled with a tight-binding (TB) interatomic potential is used to search for the low-energy structures of medium-sized Ni_n (n = 36-40) clusters. Structural candidates obtained from our GA search are further optimized with first-principles calculations. The medium-sized nickel clusters ranging from 36 to 40 atoms are found to favor the double-icosahedron-based structures with a Ni₇ core (a pentagonal bipyramidal structure) except Ni₃₈ cluster. The lowest-energy structure of Ni₃₈ can be considered to be a magic cluster, which is a typical face-centered cubic structure with large stability and magnetic moment.

In this work, an atrinuclear-oxo-centered complex of the CrFe₂ type with the CF₂ClCOO^- bridging ligand is newly synthesized. The complex is characterized by experimental and theoretical methods. The optimized geometry and theoretical vibrational frequencies are computed using the density functional theory (DFT) method. Also, the AIM analysis was applied to study changes in topological parameters such as the electron density at critical points of all the bonds of the complex. In the optimized geometry of the complex, three metal ions form a trigonal-planar structure with a m₃-O atom in its center. Each of M³⁺ metal ions has an octahedral coordination environment of oxygen atoms. The DFT results are in agreement with the experimental ones, confirming the validity of the optimized geometry for the complex.

The structures and properties of two diamond-like C-LA3 and Si-LA3 phases with crystallographically equivalent atomic sites are calculated by density functional theory with the exchange-correlation potential in the generalized gradient approximation (DFT-GGA). For these phases the structural characteristics, cohesion energies, densities of states, and bulk moduli are determined and powder diffraction patterns are calculated. It is found that the cohesion energies, band gaps, and bulk moduli of C-LA3 and Si-LA3 phases are smaller than the corresponding values of cubic diamond and silicon. Possible methods to obtain experimentally diamond-like C-LA3 and Si-LA3 phases are also analyzed in the paper.

The work demonstrates the results of quantum chemical calculations of ¹⁹F and ¹³С NMR spectra of model fluorocarbon C _n F_{2 n +2} molecules with various configurations and hydrocarbon chain molecules. The possibilities to determine the chain length, formation of branches, identification of fluorine substitution for hydrogen during the fluorination of hydrocarbon paraffins and polymers are discussed.

On the example of bismuth-containing glasses based on InF₃ and ZrF₄ the effect of bismuth on the glass formation, properties, glass structure, and also the appearance of broadband luminescence in the low-wave region of IR spectra of fluorozirconate glasses is considered.

¹⁹F, ¹H NMR and DSC methods are employed to study the ion mobility and phase transitions in hexafluoro complex compounds of tantalum(V), niobium(V), and titanium(IV) with a tetramethyl ammonium cation. It is found that the transformation of NMR spectra observed in the temperature range 77(130)-450 K is due to a change in the form of ion motions in the anionic and cationic sublattices of the compounds under study. The main forms of ion motions in the temperature range 170-450 K are isotropic reorientations of TaF₆, NbF₆, TiF₆ octahedra and tetramethyl ammonium ions. Two endoeffects with the maxima at 232.5 K and 256.5 K for [N(CH₃)₄]TaF₆ and at 235 K and 250 K for [N(CH₃)₄]NbF₆, which are observed in the DSC curve in the range 170-400 K, correspond to phase transitions whose occurrence practically does not affect the parameters of NMR spectra in the temperature range 230-260 K. For the [N(CH₃)₄]₂TiF₆ compound an endoeffect is observed near 422 K, which corresponds to the phase transition from the rhombohedral modification to the cubic one.