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Variations in the potential gradient of the electric field in the surface air layer during the passage of cumulonimbus clouds (Cumulonimbus, Cb) are investigated. More than 450 cases with Cb were reviewed. The method of selection of the structural elements, according to the potential gradient variations caused by the passage of Cb, was suggested. The formalization of the selected variations was carried out and the main types of the electric field potential gradient changes were identified. The parameters characterizing the potential gradient variation and its structural elements were defined for each type of the potential gradient variations. Interrelations between the features of the potential gradient variation types and characteristics of different origin Cb at different development stages were described.

The paper presents the principles of measuring the precipitation characteristics imaging and analyzing precipitation particle shadows. The method of precipitation type determination is described. It is based on microstructure characteristics measurements using the optical precipitation gauge. The measurements of the size and velocity ratios for rain and snow precipitation particles are presented.

Earlier, a method of restoration of a profile of atmospheric turbulence has been proposed by the authors in two intersecting laser beams, creating laser guide stars. Results of further development of this method are given in the present article. In particular, for Kolmogorov turbulence, the integral equation with a sharp kernel like delta function, which allows restoring a high-altitude profile more simply and more exactly, than in the initial version of a method, is constructed. Data of numerical experiment shows a good restoration of a profile of real turbulence up to heights of 10 km.

The 12-year aerosol studies along the route of the Russian Antarctic Expeditions in the East Atlantic and the Southern Ocean are summarized. We analyzed the spatial distribution (with 5^o latitudinal step), seasonal (November/April) variations, and interrelations between aerosol optical and microphysical characteristics. It is shown that the latitudinally average variations in aerosol parameters in the East Atlantic exceed one order of magnitude. The lowest (maximal) values are observed near Antarctica (in tropical zone): aerosol optical depth (0.5 μm) varies from 0.02 to 0.5, number concentrations of small particles (d = 0.4-1 μm) vary in the range 0.8-19 cm^-3, concentrations of large (d > 1 μm) particles vary in the range 0.04-2.2 cm^-3, and aerosol and black carbon mass concentrations vary in ranges 0.5-14 μg/m³ and 0.026-0.7 μg/m³, respectively.

The paper presents the results of complex observations of the atmosphere boundary layer dynamics carried out at the site of IAO SB RAS in September 2013 with the use of remote sensing, aerosol and Doppler lidars. The structure of aerosol and wind fields in the period of internal waves buoyancy and the low-level jet streams in the boundary layer are examined.

The paper presents the results of investigation of temporary changes in the vertical structure of aerosol fields in the mountain valley of Lake Baikal, in the presence of sources of smoke, from both remote and local forest fires. Measurements were carried out using the LOSA-M2 lidar, located on the east coast of Lake Baikal, during the expeditions of 2013 and 2015, when extremely high values of aerosol content in the troposphere caused by forest fires were observed. There is a significant difference between the space-time structures of the smoke aerosol from local forest fires in the basin of the lake, from the case when the impurity sources are located at a considerable distance.

Results of experimental investigations of the atmospheric internal waves (AIW) in the boundary layer of atmosphere on the base of wind velocity measurements by a Stream Line pulsed coherent Doppler wind lidar developed by Halo Photonics are presented in this paper. The measurements were carried out in 2015 on the east and on the west shores of Lake Baikal. A total of 7 cases of AIW events have been revealed. On the western shore of Lake Baikal it is always happening in presence of one or two (in 5 of 6 cases) narrow jet flows at heights of approximately 200 and 700 m. The period of the wave component oscillation of the wind velocity vector was 9 min in four cases of the AIW, in two cases it was equal to approximately 18 and 20 minutes, and 6.5 min in one case. The amplitude of oscillations of the horizontal wind velocity components was about 1 m/s, and the amplitude of the vertical wind component oscillations was three times less. In most cases, internal waves were observed for 45 min (5 trains with a period of 9 min). Only once the duration of the existence of AIW was about 4 hours.

The technique for retrieval of lidar profiles of vertical ozone distribution accounting for temperature and aerosol corrections is described. The range of lidar signal detection is from 5 to 18 km. The vertical ozone profiles measured over Tomsk with a differential absorption lidar of the Siberian Lidar Station in 2015 are compared with the profiles retrieved from ESA MetOp satellite data.

The paper discusses results of the analysis of vertical profiles of the normalized structure characteristic of air temperature C_T² in the atmospheric boundary layer under conditions of daytime convection. The experimental data have been obtained with Volna-4M acoustic Doppler radar (sodar) (Akademgorodok, Tomsk, Russia). The profiles were auto-normalized to the value of C_T² at the height H = 100 m. The results obtained in daytime (11:00-16:00 Local Time) in the warm period (July-August) of 2015 have been analyzed. The shape of the sodar vertical profiles of C_T² has been compared with results by other authors. The presence of a break in the C_T² profile at heights of 60-80 m can be noticed.

The physical basis for generation of magnitomultipol (MM) radiation in the region of 250-900 nm is suggested, as well as the mechanism of two-dimensional inverse relationship between the energies of Shtar effect at the low-frequency electric dipole and Zeeman effect on high-frequency magnetic multi-pole vibration-rotation transitions, combined with lower status in the V-scheme. The mechanism sets the rate of self-molecules in the “electron-ion” ensemble at MM, prepared in a weak magnetic multipole transition. Ensemble in the form of many cylindrical “solenoid-resonator” generates radiation in the MM-accumulation time on the threshold of the diamagnetic power between states of the prepared transition.