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The article presents a study of domestic mechanical engineering and industry in their development in comparison with leading analogues in the world and within the framework of intercountry associations (BRICS, G7). The statistical base for constructing an assessment system and the indicators used in international comparisons in relation to the concept of sustainable growth are analyzed. An attempt is made to formulate an approach for assessing domestic mechanical engineering and industry in the context of the “green” agenda and “green” growth.

The accelerated development of Siberia is determined by its significant role in the country’s development, both in terms of natural resource exploitation and geopolitical positioning. Currently, the development rate of the Siberian macro-region has slowed, the volume of investments is dropping and the population is decreasing. To change this situation, new spatial development tools need to be applied to the “Siberian” regions. One of the possible ways for improving regional management processes is through “corridors of development”, which is the economic space incorporating centers of economic activity with transportation, energy, and logistical infrastructure. This study is aimed at analyzing the potential for forming development corridors in specific regions of Western and Eastern Siberia, ensuring accelerated growth of their production potential, economic diversification, and improving the standard of living of the population by creating new jobs. The study identifies Novosibirsk and Kuzbass corridors in Western Siberia and the Krasnoyarsk Arctic, Krasnoyarsk Southern, and Irkutsk corridors in Eastern Siberia as the prospective development corridors.

The article proposes an alternative method for determining the competitive specialization of the country’s regions based on localization coefficients. The considered methodology makes it possible to establish promising types of economic activities that show their contribution to the competitiveness of the region. The result of the application of the methodology is to determine the types of competitive specialization of the country’s regions. In addition, the methodology makes it possible to generate statistical aggregates of competing regions for the dominant types of economic activity in the structure of the region’s economy. The approach under consideration has been tested on Rosstat statistics on the gross value added of the country’s regions and their sectoral GRP structure for 2021. According to the calculated localization coefficients, regions with competitive specialization in different types of economic activity have been identified. Using the example of the Amur Region, a statistical set of competing regions has been formed.

At the stage of public procurement, it is important to identify contractors with poor performance in order to manage the risks of improper fulfillment of contract terms. The article classifies the contractors participating in public procurement under 44-FZ with the type of economic activity road construction on the basis of quality indicator. The methodology for assessing the probability of proper fulfillment of obligations by contractors, which is based on the consistent use of mathematical and statistical models, is proposed and tested on real populations. An integral indicator is constructed, which makes it possible to predict the presumed facts of proper and improper fulfillment of obligations.

The article draws attention to the problems that can be a significant obstacle to the successful development of the process of improving the penitentiary system. At present, improving the efficiency of the execution of sentences is closely linked to the practice of applying punishments and alternative measures to deprivation of liberty. A significant increase in the tasks facing penal enforcement inspections, which has been observed over the past two decades, is inevitably accompanied by fluctuations in the number of controlled persons. In order to preserve and develop the efficiency of the execution of sentences, it is of fundamental importance that the tasks set are consistent with the level of material and technical equipment, as well as the availability of highly professional personnel in the relevant institutions. Identification of compliance of the specified level with the set tasks is an extremely important goal of future research. In this publication, based on the use of statistical data from the central database of the Federal Penitentiary Service, a detailed analysis of changes in the number of persons under the control of criminal executive inspections from 2017 to 2023 is carried out. The study is accompanied by a comparison of the information obtained with the revealed fluctuations in the number of people sentenced to serve a prison sentence for the same period of time. We believe that the presented analysis can help in planning the future provision of penitentiary inspections with the resources necessary for the successful and effective implementation of their tasks.

The article deals with topical issues related to the organization of the conclusion of government contracts to meet the needs of enforcement proceedings. According to the results of the study, the author has proposed appropriate recommendations for the inclusion of some items in standard drafts of government contracts. Also, in order to increase the amounts recovered from debtors as reimbursement of expenses for performing executive actions in the budget, a proposal has been made to amend the current legislation.

The article provides a methodological study of the program of discourse analysis of the statements of scientists G. Gilbert and M. Mulkay. In discourse analysis, any action performed by a scientist is understood as a social action. The essence of the scientific problem lies in the impossibility of direct observation of social action, which is a fan of potential possibilities. The interpretation of social action is variable and depends on the nature of the statements of scientists. The variability of social action is directly related to the variability of the statements of scientists, which makes it possible to identify two repertoires - empiricist and conditional, understanding them as socially given guidelines. Repetitive interpretive repertoires highlight the phenomenon of “formal scientific literature” and “informal conversation”. Scientific novelty is presented by the main thesis in solving this problem, which is that linguistic models of empiricist and conditional repertoires sanction the identification of patterns of translation of individual knowledge into supraindividual knowledge of generally recognized content, here the presence of a social norm governing the methods of reflexive presentation of the research is recorded. The conclusion is drawn, according to which it is inappropriate to understand social action as a given act, since reflection offers different pictures of the same externally observable event.

The article considers the prerequisites for the formation of physiology of blood circulation, its development and advancement of knowledge in the related field. The relevance of this work is due to the need to generalize and supplement the results of individual studies on the formation and development of circulatory physiology in the historical-scientific aspect, which will identify the key stages in shaping a holistic view of blood circulation processes. In this regard, the purpose of this review is to analyze the main achievements in the field of circulatory physiology from ancient times to the Modern Age (early 20th century). In preparing the article, publications in journals included in the Russian Science Citation Index, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science were mainly used; materials published in the last 10 years were preferred. The article shows that already in ancient times scientists wondered about the role of the heart in the process of blood circulation and the connection between the pulse and blood circulation. During the Middle Ages, empirical knowledge in this area continued to accumulate, the understanding of the structure and functioning of organs that are part of the blood circulation system expanded and deepened. In the Modern Age, the process of blood circulation in the human body was fully described and the role of the nervous system in blood circulation began to be studied. Nowadays, research in the field of circulatory physiology continues.,

The paper examines the background to the creation of P.P. Kirschenmann’s article “Science and its Metaphysical Interpretations” and its key content. It shows the relevance of the conclusions presented in Kirschenmann’s article for the development of modern research in the field of philosophy of information.,