E. E. PROKHOROVA, E. A. ZHEMCHUZHNIKOVA, G. L. ATAEV
Herzen State Pedagogical University, 191186, Saint-Petersburg, the Moyka quay, 48
Keywords: gastropoda, Planorbarius corneus, genotyping, rDNA, internal transcribed spacers
Nucleotid sequences of internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 and ITS2) of rDNA were obtained and analyzed in populations of Planorbarius corneus snails from Leningradskaya Oblast and Kaliningradskaya Oblast. Close similarity between ITS1 and ITS2 of the snails from different areas proved the fact that Planorbarius corneus was a polymorphic but a uniform species.
E. V. BANAEV, M. S. VORONKOVA, G. I. VYSOCHINA, M. A. TOMOSHEVICH
Central Siberian Botanical Garden, SB RAS, 630090, Novosibirsk, Zolotodolinskaya str., 101
Keywords: Nitraria sibirica Pall, Nitraria schoberi L, biologically-active substances, seasonаl and interpopulation variability
The composition and content of phenolic compounds in aqueous-alcoholic extracts from the leaves of Nitraria sibirica Pall. and N. schoberi L. (Nitrariaceae) were studied using the high-performance liquid chromatography method. Nineteen components were detected, of which four components were identified: quercetin-3-galactoside (a hyperoside), isoramnetin-3-rutinoside (a narcissine), quercetin (a flavonol) and luteoline (a flavone). It was determined that the species had different phenolic compounds complexes. The differences were most pronounced during the flowering period of the plants. The correlation between the content of phenolic compounds in the leaves of Nitraria sibirica Pall. with the species’ habitat conditions was found out.
A. A. IMANBAYEVA1, K. N. SARSENBAYEV2, M. S. SAGYNDYKOVA1,2
a:2:{s:4:"TEXT";s:210:"1Mangyshlak Experimental Botanical Garden, SC of MES RK, 130000, Kazakhstan, Aktau, Micro-District, 10 2L. N. Gumilyev Eurasian Nationаl University, 010000, Astanа, Munаytpasova str., 5";s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"html";}
Keywords: Ferula foetida, anatomic research, structure of vegetative organs, Mangistau, Tuyesu sands
The results of the study of above- and under-ground organs of
Ferula foetida (Bunge) Regel growing in Tuyesu sands in the south of Mangyshlak peninsula were presented. It was found that the diagnostic characteristics of
Ferula foetida raw material were: the form and structure of epidermis cells, presence of simple mono- and multicellular trichomes, location of conductive bundles and structure of schizogenous and schizo-lysigenous conceptacles in the bark parenchyma of roots, in leaves, leafstalk and above the stem’s conductive bundles. Resin and gum accumulation of
Ferula foetida was associated with schizogenous and schizo-lysigenous conceptacles. Stem and leaves of many-aged plants had similar anatomical structure in which all types of tissues were well expressed. Roots of many-aged individuals of
Ferula foetida differed by the number of elements in the conductive zone and the thickness of basic elements (bark parenchyma, diameter of xylary vessels and holes of conceptacles).
I.V. DROZDOVA, N. V. ALEXEEVA-POPOVA, I. B. KALIMOVA
V. L. Komarov Botanical Institute, RAS, 196376, Saint-Petersburg, prof. Popova str., 2
Keywords: heavy metals, macroelements, natural geochemical anomaly, accumulation of heavy metals by plants, species of the family Brassicaceae
The comparative study of the concentrations of chemical elements (Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, Ni, Co, Cr, Cd, Pb, Ca, Mg, K) in plants and soils of South Dagestan was conducted in two districts distinguished by different level of heavy metals in rock formations. It was established that plants and soils in the area of natural geochemical anomaly (southern schistic region of Inner Dagestan mountain province) were characterized by higher content of the most part of the studied elements, except Ca and Cr, as compared to those in the reference area (northern limestone region of Inner Dagestan mountain province). High content of Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, Ni, Co in plants and soils - the most important components of any ecosystem - allowed us to consider the south schistic region of Dagestan as a biogeochemical province with high concentration of the above mentioned heavy metals.
E. V. ZHURAVEL1,2, A. P. CHERNYAEV1,3, L. I. SOKOLOVA1, E. M. CHUDOVSKAYA1, M. A. PROSHINA1 1Far Eastern Federal University, 690600, Vladivostok, Sukhanova str., 8 2A. V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology, FEB RAS, 690041, Vladivostok, Palchevskogo str., 17 3Pacific Research Institute of Fishery and Oceanography (TINRO), 690091, Vladivostok, Shevtchenko str., 4
Keywords: pollution, bottom sediments, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biрhenyls, the Nakhodka Bay
The content of hydrocarbons, including polyaromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biрhenyls in the bottom sediments of the Nakhodka Bay was studied. It was shown that the content of the pollutants was similar to that of low polluted areas of the World Ocean. PAH and PCB concentration in the Nakhodka Bay did not exceed the toxic thresholds and did not pose any threat to the existence of aquatic organisms.
P. Yu. GALITSKAYA, A. A. SAVELIEV, S. Yu. SELIVANOVSKAYA
Institute of Environmental Sciences Kazan Federal University, 420008, Kazan, Kremlyovskaya str., 18
Keywords: soil, composts, microbial biomass, respiration, metabolic quotient, metals
Organic substances and metals have multidirectional effects on soil microorganisms. The response of a soil microbial community to simultaneous introduction of an organic substance and metals was assessed (the metals were a part of a sewage sludge compost). The increase of Corg to 2,1 ± 0,4 % and mobile Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn forms to 1,1 ± 0,03, 3,8 ± 0,8, 6,0 ± 1,2, 2,1 ± 0,5, 3,2 ± 0,7 and 12,3 ± 2,7 ppm–1 correspondingly resulted in the growth of microbial biomass in comparison to the control soil, two seasons after soil treatment. Respiratory activity of the studied soils increased during the first season and decreased by the end of the second season to the level of control plots. The value of metabolic quotient did not exceed the control level. The principal components analysis of the obtained data revealed that the major factor defining variability of the microbial community was the content of organic substance in the soil.
V. G. DVURECHENSKIY1,2, V. P. SEREDINA3
a:2:{s:4:"TEXT";s:306:"1Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry, SB RAS, 630090, Novosibirsk, Lavrentieva ave., 8/2 2Novosibirsk State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, 630008, Novosibirsk, Leningradslaya str., 113 3Tomsk State University, 634050, Tomsk, Leninа ave., 36";s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"html";}
Keywords: technogenic landscapes, embryozems, technozems, humus, group and fractional composition of humus, trends of soil formation
The study of soils of technogenic landscapes showed that the fractional and group composition of humus in different types of embryozems, unlike reference brown taiga soils, had a certain specificity. This specificity was due to the fact that embryozems, being young soil formations, served as a syngenetic reflection of a particular successional stage of phytocenosis, microbiota and other cenoses. The study showed the trends of humus formation in the soils of technogenic landscapes of mountain taiga belt of Kuzbass.
I. G. SHIROKIKH1,2, Ya. I. NAZAROVA1, A. A. SHIROKIKH1, S. Yu. OGORODNIKOVA2, E. V. TOVSTIK1, E. N. BARANOVA3
a:2:{s:4:"TEXT";s:333:"1N. V. Rudnitski Zonаl Research Institute for Agriculture of the North-East, 610007, Kirov, Leninа str., 166а 2Vyatka State University of Humanities, 610002, Kirov, Krasnoarmeyskaya str., 26 3All-Russian Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, 127550, Moscow, Timiryazevskaya str., 42";s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"html";}
Keywords: soil, streptomycetes, structure of the complex, rhizosphere, tobacco, transformant plant, Fe superoxide dismutase (Fe-SOD1), oxidative stress
Tobacco plants (Nicotianа tabacum L.) modified with the gene of Fe superoxide dismutase (Fe-SOD1) from Arabidopsis thaliana L. were studied. The gene of Fe-SOD1 conferred resistance to the plants against the damaging effects of oxidative stress. The number and structure of complexes of actinomycetes of the genus Streptomyces in the rhizosphere and rhizoplane of the original cultivar “Samsun” and independent transgenic lines Ttrf3 and Ttrf13 were estimated. The plants were grown under optimal conditions (control) and on acid sod-podzolic soil with aluminum (stress). The impact of incorporation of the heterologous sequence in the genome of tobacco plants on the abundance, species diversity and functional activity of streptomycetes in the rhizosphere of the plants was detected.
Starting from the colour change upon co-milling a white mixture comprising a metal oxide (MO) and organic solids (OS) with F or N, general features of the mechanochemical reactions at the boundaries between MO and OS were observed, characterized and discussed with the presence of various analytical results. Three parallel streams of the mechanochemical reactions upon co-milling are confirmed, i. e., i) an oxidative decomposition of the organic species, ii) formation of nanostructured carbon, and iii) incorporation of non-oxygen anionic species into oxides via a ligand exchange. In the case of wet milling, complex ion formation in a liquid phase is sandwiched. Case studies were focused on TiO2 as MO and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or glycine (Gly) as OS.
G. CAGNETTA1, G. INTINI1, L. LIBERTI1, O. I. LOMOVSKY2 and V. V. BOLDYREV2 1Department of Civil, Environmental, Building Engineering and Chemistry, Technical University of Bari, 70123 Bari (Italy)
E-mail: g.cagnetta@gmail.com 2Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Ul. Kutateladze 18, Novosibirsk 630128 (Russia)
Keywords: PAHs, marine sediment, mechanochemical treatment, biological treatment
Pages: 535–543
BIOMEC, a new two-stage process based on a short mechanochemical (MC) pre-treatment followed by biological treatment with purposely selected bacteria (Novosphingobium pentaromativorans), was investigated to detoxify Taranto’s harbour (S. Italy) marine sediments contaminated by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and classified as hazardous waste, according the Italian law (Legislative Decree 152/2006). The experimental results, aimed at determining the overall efficiency of the BIOMEC treatment, indicated that PAHs degradation may be achieved in a very effective (97 %) and fast (<14 days) manner, yielding a non-toxic waste largely reusable as building material. In particular the MC pre-treatment allowed bigger degradation of high MW PAHs; because of their larger aromatic structure, after collisions between sediment particles and milling bodies these congeners may generate more stable free radicals with respect to low MW ones and the probability of their formation is higher, hence they are MC degraded to larger extent. GC-MS analysis of MC degradation products of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), spiked on clean sediment (taken from Taranto’s harbour too), suggest that the first probable step is an almost complete destruction of BaP rings and the formation of oxidized heavy molecules with residual aromaticity. Then the breakdown of this kind of compounds and the formation of small radicals give origin to many volatile organic molecules which, through an accretion process, form heavier compounds up to graphitization.
