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The simulation of vapor condensation on the water surface using the four-point potential for molecules is described. The parameters of the phenomenological model of vapor dissolved in water are reproduced as a result of microsimulation of the behavior of a cluster consisting of 55 molecules. Coefficient of sticking molecules on the water surface is calculated based on mechanical analogy with an elastic blow. The consent of microsimulation parameters with the parameters of the phenomenological model is obtained.

Peculiarities of multiple filamentation of femtosecond laser pulses with gigawatt-level power in optical glass are considered. We analyze experimentally and by numerical simulations the fine structure of the plasma region accompanying light filaments and being created upon photoionization of dielectric. For the first time, the dependence of the number, position, and length of the individual generations of plasma channels on the laser energy is investigated. The role of pulse refocusing events in the formation of plasma region is discussed.

Problem of allowance for a polarization in statistical simulation of satellite imaging of the Earth surface in the optical wavelength range is considered. It is demonstrated that neglecting the polarizing properties of radiation can lead to significant errors in the reconstructed reflection coefficient of weakly reflecting surfaces.

The absence of explicit information on the “in situ” vertical distribution of optical characteristics of atmospheric aerosol is a common situation because of the complexity and high cost of environmental monitoring from aircraft. The paper presents estimates of effects of stratification of the atmospheric optical characteristics on the downward scattered radiation measured by a sun photometer at the surface of the Earth in two basic configurations - in the solar almucantar and the solar principal plane. The assessments were made on the basis of numerical experiments using the parameters which describe both background (areas with low anthropogenic loading) and extreme atmospheric situations (urban smog, dusty haze over the land, dust cloud above the water surface). It is shown that in the visible region of the spectrum beyond radiation absorption by the oxygen, ozone, water vapor, and nitrogen dioxide the stratification of the atmospheric optical characteristics has no significant effect on the sky radiance in solar almucantar, but in the solar principal plane it plays a significant role. The vertical variation of the aerosol extinction coefficient is the main factor. Using the simplified vertical profiles, in particular, the exponential distribution of the extinction coefficient, the error in the radiance calculation can be significantly reduced.

The status of the ground-based microwave radiometry in view of determining atmospheric temperature and moisture profiles, water vapor, cloud liquid, and rainfall intensity is discusses. Approaches to solving inverse problems of microwave radiometry of the atmosphere, the results of experimental research of atmospheric water vapor and cloud liquid with the help of dual-frequency radiometer are described. The promising directions of the practical application of the method and means of microwave radiometry of the atmosphere are formulated.

November 17, 2015 was 70 years head of the editors of the journal "Atmospheric and Ocean Optics' Staline Borisovna Ponomareva.

In this article, the author investigates the opportunities and limitations of the cluster approach for addressing challenges concerned with the rapid development of innovative entrepreneurship in regions. Не analyzes the phenomenon of spatial innovation cluster as a form offocal spatial integration of geographically close companies and organizations that perform different functions (from research and training to production and transportation), but unified by their voluntary participation in scientific and engineering processes. It results in a high-technology product created by joint efforts of all participants in this specially organized cooperation. The article also considers prerequisites, conditions and consequences related to the use of spatial clusters. It clarifies the meaning, useful effects, requirements and lifecycle phases of the organizational form under analysis. The author emphasizes a crucial role of regional authorities in spatial clustering; he assesses the existing tasks and measures of state support. The article gives a general characterization for the implementation of the government program aimed at developing and supporting innovation clusters in the Russian regions.

The article stresses that foreign public policy literature is focusing on interdependences among producing, expanding and impacts of knowledge. The author uses a complex approach, considering the interrelation of production, transfer and the use of knowledge, setting these phenomena into spatial frames and linking them with development policy. The reason of this specific focus is supported by recent political ambitions in the EU countries to strengthen the role of local economic development aimed at decreasing regional inequalities. The author outlines the theoretical frames of knowledge-based governance and development, like the urban regime theory, local knowledge, and regional innovation theories. Based on her own empirical research experiences, the author introduces the main characteristics of the Hungarian local government system which tends to be limited in its scope and competences in local development due to the legislation in the last years referring. The paper concludes that the European, so-called place-based development policy cannot be implemented in this very centralized governance context.

The subject of this study is mammoth fauna resources in Arctic regions of the Russian Federation, including the bone-bearing locality in the northern part of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The article estimates the quantity offossil mammoth ivory of the Northern-Yakut bone-bearing province. It also justifies the creation of federal law on the rational use ofmammoth fauna as an exclusive geocryogenic natural resource traditionally used by indigenous peoples of the North of Russia. We present proposals for inclusion of fossil mammoth ivory in the All-Russian Classifier of Mineral Resources and Subsoil Water.